CN103917867A - 流路切换阀 - Google Patents

流路切换阀 Download PDF

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CN103917867A
CN103917867A CN201280054883.3A CN201280054883A CN103917867A CN 103917867 A CN103917867 A CN 103917867A CN 201280054883 A CN201280054883 A CN 201280054883A CN 103917867 A CN103917867 A CN 103917867A
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revolving part
switching valve
passage groove
flow passage
channel switching
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CN103917867B (zh
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田中伸治
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Shimadzu Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/085Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug
    • F16K11/0853Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug having all the connecting conduits situated in a single plane perpendicular to the axis of the plug
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/072Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members
    • F16K11/074Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members with flat sealing faces
    • F16K11/0743Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members with flat sealing faces with both the supply and the discharge passages being on one side of the closure plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K25/00Details relating to contact between valve members and seat
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/04Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
    • G01N30/16Injection
    • G01N30/20Injection using a sampling valve
    • G01N2030/202Injection using a sampling valve rotary valves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/04Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
    • G01N30/16Injection
    • G01N30/22Injection in high pressure liquid systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86493Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86549Selective reciprocation or rotation

Abstract

本发明提供一种能够延长旋转件的寿命的旋转式的流路切换阀。本发明的流路切换阀包括固定件(1)和能相对于该固定件(1)滑动并旋转的旋转件(2),上述固定件(1)具有在旋转件(2)旋转滑动的滑动面开口的多个孔(3),上述旋转件(2)具有用于将上述多个孔(3)中的两个以上的孔(3)连结起来的流路槽(4),其中,在上述流路槽(4)的边缘,上述旋转件(2)以大于120°的接触角(α)接触于该旋转件(2)与上述固定件(1)之间的滑动面(6)。

Description

流路切换阀
技术领域
本发明涉及液相色谱仪等具有切换流路的分析装置所使用的旋转式的流路切换阀。
背景技术
出于对向流动相中导入的试样溶液的选择、用于清洗柱(日文:カラム)的清洗液的导入等目的,液相色谱仪设有用于切换流路的流路切换阀。液相色谱仪所使用的流路切换阀通常为旋转式的阀,即:将设有流路槽的旋转件按压于形成有与各流路相连接的多个孔(开口)的固定件,使旋转件相对于固定件旋转滑动,从而将固定件的各开口连接(专利文献1)。
对于这样的旋转式的流路切换阀,为了防止在固定件与旋转件之间发生漏液,固定件通常采用金属或者陶瓷等较硬的材料,而为了提高旋转件与固定件间的密合性,旋转件采用树脂等比固定件软的材料,在两者的滑动面上作用有较高的表面压力(例如50MPa以上)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开WO2011/001941号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在旋转式的流路切换阀中,始终以较高的表面压力将旋转件按压于固定件并使旋转件旋转滑动。如上述那样,旋转件采用比固定件软的材料,因此当在两者的滑动面上作用有较高的表面压力时,由于旋转时旋转件与固定件之间的摩擦,在旋转件的靠近滑动面的部分的组织作用有压缩和剪切的复杂的应力,会慢慢发生塑性变形(蠕变)。该蠕变导致旋转件的流路槽变窄,有时导致在流路切换阀内发生流路堵塞。
虽然流路切换阀的旋转件能够更换,在旋转件不堪使用时更换即可,但是若更换的频度较高,则对于使用者来说较麻烦且会增加成本。并且,还可能发生这样的情况:在按顺序切换用于向流动相中导入的液体试样的液相色谱仪的连续分析的途中,为了更换旋转件而不得不中断连续分析。
本发明要解决的问题在于延长旋转式的流路切换阀的旋转件的寿命。
用于解决问题的方案
为了解决上述问题,本发明的流路切换阀包括固定件和能相对于该固定件滑动并旋转的旋转件,上述固定件具有在旋转件旋转滑动的滑动面开口的多条流路,上述旋转件具有用于将上述多条流路中的两条以上的流路连结起来的流路槽,其特征在于,在上述流路槽的边缘,上述旋转件以大于120°的接触角接触于该旋转件与上述固定件之间的滑动面。
为了抑制因蠕变导致的流路槽变窄,以往采用过如下方式:在流路槽的边缘,使旋转件的接触于该旋转件与固定件之间的滑动面的边缘以靠滑动面一侧变宽的方式倾斜(使旋转件的边缘的角度、即接触角为120°)。但是,对于UHPLC(超高速液相色谱仪)用的、与HPLC(高速液相色谱仪)用的以往的阀(例如耐压性能为60MPa以下)相比更高耐压的阀(例如130MPa耐压阀),由于作用有更高的压缩和剪切的复杂的应力,因此,即使在使用接触角120°的以往构造的旋转件的情况下,也会发生因蠕变导致旋转件的流路槽变窄、在较少的阀切换次数(使用次数)后就在流路切换阀内发生流路堵塞的情况。具体而言,在以30MPa以下程度的低压输送会使PEEK(聚醚醚酮、聚酰亚胺)等旋转件材料溶胀、稍微引起强度降低的非极性溶剂(氯仿、THF(四氢呋喃)等)的、在1分钟以下程度的短周期的连续分析的条件下,有时在使用次数5000次以下就发生流路堵塞。像这样,在低压输送液体条件下特别容易发生蠕变的原因在于,基于输送液体压力而产生的使固定件与旋转件之间的表面压力缓和的作用、基于被输送的液体的微量渗出而产生的液体润滑等的延长使用寿命的效果在输送液体条件越为低压时越小。
本发明人制作了接触角各种各样的旋转件,并反复进行了实验。结果发现通过使接触角大于120°,能够进一步提高抑制流路槽变窄的效果,增加旋转件的耐用次数。例如在150°的接触角的情况下,与接触角为120°的以往的旋转件相比,能够使旋转件的耐用次数增加到约3倍~约10倍的程度。
发明的效果
本发明的流路切换阀与以往构造的流路切换阀相比能够增加旋转件的耐用次数。因此,能够减少更换旋转件的麻烦、将成本抑制得较低。并且,也不易发生在连续分析的途中使分析装置停止这样的情况。
附图说明
图1是表示旋转式流路切换阀的通常的构造的纵剖视图。
图2表示以往例的旋转件的构造,其中,图2的(a)为俯视图,图2的(b)为图2的(a)的A-A'剖视图。
图3用于说明流路槽的变形,其中,图3的(a)为俯视图,图3的(b)为图3的(a)的A-A'剖视图。
图4是表示本发明的流路切换阀的一实施例的旋转件的流路槽的流路剖视图。
图5是用于说明本实施例的流路切换阀的旋转件的流路槽的流路剖视图。
图6的(a)和图6的(b)是表示本实施例的流路切换阀的变形例的旋转件的流路槽的流路剖视图。
图7是表示本实施例的流路切换阀的另一变形例的旋转件的流路槽的流路剖视图。
具体实施方式
对于本发明的流路切换阀的一实施例,一边与以往例的流路切换阀进行比较,一边参照附图进行说明。
图1是表示通常的流路切换阀的构造的纵剖视图。如该图所示,旋转式的流路切换阀包括:固定件1,其设有能够与外部的流路连接的多个孔3;旋转件2,其设有用于将孔3彼此连结的流路槽4。旋转件2被由弹簧等弹性构件(未图示)支承的杆件5向固定件1推压,能利用该压力来确保固定件1与旋转件2之间的滑动面6的液密性。
图2的(a)是旋转件2的俯视图,图2的(b)是图2的(a)的A-A'剖视图。在图2的(a)中,为了图示孔3与流路槽4之间的位置关系,用虚线表示孔3的开口部的位置。如图2的(a)所示,旋转件2设有将固定件1的六个孔3中的相邻的两个开口部之间连结起来的三个圆弧状的流路槽4。这些流路槽4将相邻的两个孔3连结,从而在流路切换阀内形成内部流路。并且,使旋转件2绕旋转中心线7旋转,从而改变相邻的两个孔3之间的连接,进行流路的切换。
通常,在流路槽4的边缘8,旋转件2如图2的(b)所示那样以垂直于该旋转件2与固定件1之间的滑动面6的方式接触于该滑动面6。而且,旋转件2通常是材质比金属制或者陶瓷制的固定件1的材质软的树脂(例如聚醚醚酮、聚酰亚胺)制的,且保持在被作用有较高的表面压力的状态下旋转滑动,因此旋转件2的靠近滑动面6的部分的组织会发生蠕变。如图3的(a)的俯视图和图3的(b)的纵剖视图所示,由于该蠕变,流路槽4的靠近滑动面6的侧面向内侧变形,宽度变窄。若蠕变进一步发展,则流路槽4会堵塞,从而发生流路堵塞。
实施例
图4是表示本实施例的流路切换阀的旋转件2的流路槽4的流路截面形状的图。如该图所示,本实施例的旋转件2在流路槽4的边缘8处以大于120°的接触角接触于该旋转件2与固定件1之间的滑动面6。
如图4所示,若增大旋转件2的在边缘8处的接触角α,则流路槽4因蠕变而向内侧变形的变形应力不会集中于边缘8,而分散开。因此,与接触角为90°、即流路槽4的侧面与滑动面6正交的图2的(b)的槽形状相比,流路槽4不易向内侧变形,能够抑制流路槽4变窄。并且,由于流路槽4在滑动面6侧的表面积变大,因此对因蠕变造成的旋转件2的变形的容许量变大(即使发生蠕变,也不易发生流路堵塞)。
以往,也进行将接触角设置为大于90°,但是有这样一种观点:将接触角设置得过于大时,在作用于旋转件2的较高的表面压力的作用下流路槽4的截面形状会发生变化,导致流路截面积缩小。因此,以往的接触角至多为120°。本发明人对该说法持有怀疑,而制作了接触角各种各样的旋转件,反复进行了实验。其结果如以下的表1所示。
[表1]
接触角 输送液体压力 分析周期 耐用次数
120° 5MPa 30sec 3千次~1万次
150° 5MPa 30sec 2万次~10万次
其中,表1的实验结果是对具有图4所示的形状的流路槽4的旋转件2进行试验的结果。
如表1所示,可知:在接触角为以往的接触角的最大值即120°的情况下,旋转件2在使用约3千次~1万次后就无法使用了,而在接触角为150°的情况下,旋转件2能使用约2万次~10万次。并且,即使在接触角为150°的情况下,也没有特别出现上述的流路截面积缩小。这样,即使接触角大于120°也不会特别产生不便于输送液体的情况,并且与以往的结构相比能够大幅延长旋转件2的寿命。另外,在表1中作为本实施例的旋转件仅示出了接触角为150°时的结果,但是在接触角为140°~160°的情况下也能得到大致同样的结果。
旋转件2的蠕变主要发生在靠近该旋转件2与固定件1之间的滑动面6的区域。因此,如图6的(a)所示,使流路槽4的靠近滑动面6的区域的侧面的倾斜较大,并使流路槽4的在上述区域以外的区域的侧面的倾斜较小,从而能够抑制蠕变导致流路槽4的宽度变窄,并且能够使流路槽4的流路截面积较大。因而,甚至能够使接触角α大于上述的160°。另外,也可以使流路槽4的侧面的倾斜平缓地变化(图6的(b))。
另外,在图4中,旋转件2的在流路槽4的两侧的边缘8处的接触角相同,但是也可以如图7所示那样为不同的角度。例如在旋转件2的在内径侧的边缘8a产生的蠕变比在外径侧的边缘8b产生的蠕变大的情况下,优选设置成旋转件2的在内径侧的边缘8a处的接触角α较大,旋转件2的在外径侧的边缘8b处的接触角α'比α小。
以上,使用实施例对本发明的流路切换阀进行了说明,当然,在本发明的主旨的范围内能够进行适当的变更。
附图标记说明
1,固定件;2,旋转件;3,孔;4,流路槽;5,杆件;6,滑动面;7,旋转中心;8,8a,8b,边缘。

Claims (4)

1.一种流路切换阀,其包括固定件和能相对于该固定件滑动并旋转的旋转件,上述固定件具有在旋转件旋转滑动的滑动面开口的多条流路,上述旋转件具有用于将上述多条流路中的两条以上的流路连结起来的流路槽,其特征在于,
在上述流路槽的边缘,上述旋转件以大于120°的接触角接触于该旋转件与上述固定件之间的滑动面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的流路切换阀,其特征在于,
上述接触角为140°~160°。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的流路切换阀,其特征在于,
该流路切换阀具有上述流路槽的侧面的倾斜在深度方向上不同的区域。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的流路切换阀,其特征在于,
上述流路槽的流路截面形状在该流路槽的宽度方向上为非对称形状。
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