CN103910043A

CN103910043A - Composite engineering material produced by common-mode foaming of tubular structure core rack and foam synthetic resins

Info

Publication number: CN103910043A
Application number: CN201410083662.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戎新国; 戎强
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
Priority date: 2014-03-10
Filing date: 2014-03-10
Publication date: 2014-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2034-03-10
Also published as: CN103910043B

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite engineering material produced by common-mode foaming of a tubular structure core rack and foam synthetic resins-a manufacturing method for a '#'-shaped core rack foamed plastic floating body module and a connecting combining technology and an application method for combining and building an open unsinkable water floating transportation facility with a composite engineering material as a novel engineering material, and relates to a method for manufacturing elemental foamed plastic with small weight, high floating force and extremely low compressive tensile strength into foamed plastic base materials and metal (nonmetal ) tubes, pre-fabricated core rack common-mode foam of tube fitting according to '#'-shaped structure and composite molded high-bearing-strength tensile floating body module, and a producing and manufacturing technology for building large, moderate and small anti-sinking or unsinkable water floating body platforms and floating transportation facilities by numerous connecting combining methods formed by the aid of hollow feature of the floating body module core rack. Manufactured products are resistant to water and fire, unsinkable, not prone to burning or incapable of burning, simple in structures, easy to assemble, remarkably low in building costs, short in building period, and high in technical practicability. The open water floating transportation facility producing technology is different from traditional watertight shipbuilding technologies, and belongs to civilian and military dual-use technical production projects, so that the application prospect is quite wide.

Description

The composite engineering material of a kind of tubular structure core frame and foamed synthetic resin common mode foam production

The composite engineering material of a kind of tubular structure core frame and foamed synthetic resin common mode foam production---the strong tension multi-purpose combined type of high-mechanic intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module and open floating manufacture and the application process that carries transportation facilities waterborne

Technical field: the invention belongs to material science manufacture technology of composite material and material of construction application engineering category.Relate to a kind of by strong light weight buoyancy but the too low simple substance foamed plastic of compression and tensile strength, make foamed plastic base-material and metal (non-metal) tubing, pipe fitting by the prefabricated core frame common mode foaming of groined type framework, the strong tension buoyancy aid of the high-mechanic module of composite molding, and utilize the buoyancy aid module core penetrating feature of frame hollow and produce connection and combined method, build anti-heavy or heavy large, medium and small type water floating body platform and the floating manufacturing technology that carries transportation facilities.Because being different from traditional watertight type shipbuilding technology, therefore be referred to as the open floating transportation facilities production technology of carrying waterborne.Belong to dual-use technology production project, application prospect is comparatively wide.

Background technology: manufacture technology of composite material involved in the present invention and material of construction application engineering, its background technology is comparatively wide in range.Now only launch with regard to basic fundamental main points of the present invention---foamed plastic, metal (non-metal) tubing, pipe fitting, buoyancy aid draw solid and anchoring etc.

Foamed plastic whole interior contains countless micropores, forms continuous phase the two-phase system using gas as discrete phase with plastic polymer, and therefore density is lower.The sorting technique of foamed plastic is more, has two large classes of themoplasticity and thermosetting foam plastics.Can be divided into again by density: be less than 0.1g/cm ³be called high-foaming foamed plastic; Be greater than 0.4g/cm ³be called low frothing foam plastics.Be divided into open cell type and obturator-type foamed plastic by structure difference.According to hardness difference can be divided into again soft, semi-rigid and rigid foam, and as when 23 DEG C and 5% relative humidity, modulus of elasticity, higher than the hard that is called of 686MPa, is called semi-rigid between 68.6～686MPa, is less than the flex foam that is called of 68.6MPa.In addition also have structural foam plastics and associativity foamed plastic etc.

Though the kind of foamed plastic is a lot, apply very extensive, with regard to the applicability of facility waterborne, except light weight buoyancy is large, the most important thing is not absorb water or water absorption rate very low, ensure buoyancy aid safety floating within a certain period of time.Next is that modulus of elasticity is larger, and hardness is higher, and bulk strength is better.Its three is that fire retardant performance is good, effectively prevents the generation of pyrophoricity accident.Comprehensive multiple technologies index is analyzed, and to select thermoplastic hard obturator-type foamed plastic---the foamed plastic such as flame resistance polystyrene, polyethylene, or thermosetting foam plastics---the kinds such as phenolic foamed plastics are advisable.

For example, quality is 0.03g/cm ³the physical and mechanical properties of polystyrene foam is as following table: (table 1-1)

Table 1-1

(selecting from " building materials handbook ")

So light weight buoyancy is strong, and the very low floating body material of water absorption rate, is naturally to build floating first-selection of carrying instrument waterborne.But compressive strength and tensile strength are obviously on the low side, if be applied as material of construction, safety suitability is obviously on the low side.According to data-searching, except having the cylinder foam-plastic blocks side of being bundled into both at home and abroad, making Simple water floating carries outside the report of instrument, there is no find by foam-plastic blocks connect into horizontal volume more greatly, longitudinally highly two-layer more than, totally arrange water yield kiloton and even ten thousand tons of records with upper float platform or report.The marine imperial palace in comparatively famous Shenzhen is only also individual layer binding foamed plastic buoyancy aid piece, and is confined to the use of indivedual positions.

How to improve bulk strength and the Adapter Property of foamed plastic buoyancy aid, make the large foamed plastic of the frivolous power of quality be transformed into high-mechanic, strong tension, easily combination material of construction this just drawn second aspect of background technology: metal (non-metal) tubing.

Tubing, refers generally to pipe, comprises metal tube and the large class of nonmetallic pipe two.Metal tube comprises steel pipe, cast iron pipe, nonferrous metal tube etc.; The tubing that nonmetallic pipe is made as non-metallic materials such as plastic pipe, earthenware pipe, glass tubes.The feature of pipe is to have open circles section, and compared with the material solid with homogeneity, general weight saving is more than 60～90%, and the physical and mechanical propertiess such as yield tensile ratio, modulus of elasticity are still favored deeply.

If the mechanical characteristics of solid drawn pipe is as following table (table 1-2)

Table 1-2

(selecting from YB231-70)

Listed index in table, compared with the listed polystyrene foam in table 1-1, tensile strength improves 1400～2500 times, and pressure resistance also improves 100～200 times, and strength criterion differs greatly.

High strength linepipe and low-intensity foamed plastic can be combined, make its engineering usefulness be able to obvious raising, from the angle analysis of materialogy, answer is sure.But as the floating instrument that carries waterborne, the deadly defect of iron and steel tubing is that rust resistance is too poor.But modern crafts have solved this difficult problem, as plastics lined pipe, cover and mould pipe, steel-plastics composite pipe, steel mesh plastic pipe etc. and all can select, and both resistants to rust, strength criterion is also satisfactory.

Compared with the proportion 7.86 of steel pipe, the proportion of plastic pipe is only 0.9～2.3, light weight, and strength-to-density ratio is high, and the strength-to-density ratio of some reinforced plastics approaches and even exceedes steel.Tens times that the pulling strengrth of general plastic pipe is foamed plastic to hundreds of times, and axial compression strength is relatively slightly low.And part thermoset reinforcd plastic pipe pulling strengrth is up to 400～450MPa, tensile modulus 1.7 × 10 ⁵mPa, axial compression strength 200～220MPa, not a halfpenny the worse compared with steel pipe.

The effect of tubing is to make to be improved as the foamed plastic bulk strength of buoyancy aid module, more than reaching the required safety rate of engineering structure.Therefore, the selection standard of tubing should light weight, intensity is high, can resist again to soak the rust corruption producing in long-term water, also to possess good adaptation, general, exchange function.The arrangement architecture of tubing in foamed plastic module, existing vertical longitudinal---upwards carry gravity, downwards balance buoyancy; There is again parallel transverse---bear the lateral pull of direction all around, form unified beaer with vertical longitudinal construction; Also have oblique---utilize triangle stability geometrical principle, make the quadrilateral structure of joining in length and breadth become stable triangle force structure.

How to realize the science framework of tubing, certainly be unable to do without pipe fitting.

Pipe fitting, refers to pipe to connect into the part of pipeline.Can be divided into socket fitting, threaded fitting, flanged fitting and weld-end fittings four classes according to method of attachment.Generally use the material identical with pipe to make.Such as pipe connect, pipe collar, elbow, threeway, four-way, reducing pipe etc.

Utilize the tube material of difference in functionality, tubing is made to the intersecting parallels core frame that six faces of cuboid buoyancy aid module all can connect with tubing, pipe fitting combination, composite molding simultaneously while then foaming in moulding box with foamed plastic base-material.The buoyancy aid module of finished product, had both kept foamed plastic light weight, feature that buoyancy is strong, ensured again core frame monomer intrinsic and the high-mechanic that interconnects generation, strong tension, the easy exclusive feature of combination, make it to stride into the ranks of material of construction.

But it is far from being enough only having higher buoyancy carrying ratio and stronger connection combination function.Though it is enough large to make in theory horizontal area, longitudinally highly enough thick, intensity is also enough to reach the big-and-middle-sized floating debris of Generally Recognized as safe standard, still lacks most important content---how to realize manual control.The commercial value of material is value of service.Can be that multiple crowd uses, can be that the industry of One's name is legion is used, and is the preferably embodiment of value of service.And realize the simplest way of free-floating body manual control, no more than it being fixed on ideally to destination, move to suitable target location.The fixing means that floating body is conventional has two kinds: the one, and anchoring, heavy solid; The 2nd, cable is solid, and hawser bolt is solid.Certainly, also can pull floating body is subjected to displacement with hawser.

The penetrating feature of hollow of foamed plastic buoyancy aid module intersecting parallels core frame, for penetrating soft steel cable or rigid reinforcing bar, all around, inner fixing (increase bulk strength) or outside extension (hawser bolt is solid, anchoring or tractive move) provide precondition to four direction selectively.

As for center of gravity, the centre of buoyancy of buoyancy aid module and big-and-middle-sized buoyancy aid; Anti-rollover, anti-tipping; The design of keel, purlin bone and arrangement, the connection on side plate (wales), base plate, deck and fastening, the design of superstructure, the weight distribution of carrier, the connecting of watertight cabin and power facility, etc., all can and can solve.The most important thing is, intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid building block technique, to build open (for watertight marine technology) aquatic work platform or means of delivery, there is obvious saving steel, reduce laid down cost, shorten construction duration, do not sink and do not fire, the features such as safety economy are militarily particularly significant.For example near China's South Sea reef dish Vlei, open 1～2 and be loaded with the boats and ships that are suitable for tubing, pipe fitting and foamed plastic base-material and foaming-shaping apparatus, the hundreds of rice of length and width just can be produced, and assembled and be connected into several days time on the spot, vertical high ten several layers 5～8 meters, buoyancy and the offshore platform that carries gravity few hundred thousand tonnes of.Then install high strength panel (deck) additional and go along with sb. to guard him sheet material, setting up light-duty superstructure, be that facility is complete, supporting, the anti-wave of wind resistance of living, heavy do not fire and also cheap, build and tear marine fort easily open.As taking this technology as support, in conjunction with watertight compartment technology, dynamic or motorless floating-island type aircraft carrier is manufactured in segmentation, opens to or is dragged to maritime strategy main points and carry out composite assembly after building up, make it to form open sea aeroplane optimal in structure or commander and oil supply center, its strategic importance more highlights.As for production projects such as civilian pontoon bridge, trestle, deep water floating-type wharf, biotype cage culture platform, water-based amusement rides and small-sized not shipwreck ship, wide type shallow water carriers, or because of technology comparatively simple, or because structure is comparatively complicated, therefore no longer introduce too much background technology.

Summary of the invention:

Know-why: 1, " compile wood for raft " and " hollowing out wood for boat " loading principle waterborne.

Object floats in water, should meet the following conditions, that is:

Buoyancy=gravity

Gravity is less than buoyancy and floats, and gravity equals buoyancy and suspends, and gravity is greater than buoyancy and sinks.Draw thus Archimedes's theorem:

Float=G of F row

The size that is buoyancy equals the suffered gravity of this part fluid that object arranges.Can release ship buoyance equation and buoyancy equation by Archimedes's theorem:

Δ = P &dtri; = PKLBTCb - - - (1)

△=∑Wi=PKLBTCb(2)

In formula: the density (t/m of P-water ³); molded volume (m under-loaded-up condition ³); K-attached body bulk coefficient, is generally 1.004～1.01; L, B, T, Cb-captain, molded breadth, drinking water, block coefficient; Wi---(unit is t) to boats and ships each several part weight sum

Can be found out that by above-mentioned a series of conditions, theorem, formula first the floating of object in water should meet buoyant condition.Adapt therewith, the navigation of boats and ships, primary and basic condition, is also the requirement that meets buoyancy.

The historical ancients of China find very early and grasp and used this scientific and technical knowledge.The record of the idiomatic allusions such as " compiling bamboo wood is raft " (" Ci yuan "), " taking advantage of small wooden raft (little raft) to float on sea " (" The Analects of Confucius Gongye is long "), " Milky Way floats raft " (" natural science will " rolls up ten) and " hollowing out wood for boat " (" easily under copulative "), " cutting off all means of retreat " (" Records of the Historian item plumage basic annals ") is exactly best proof.

The feature of bamboo is hollow light weight, and the feature of wood is the density that is mostly less than water, therefore in water, naturally floats.The feature of boat is that the increase that arranges water yield unit volume increases and the reduction of unit mass with relative own type volume, thereby makes boat (ship) realize floating and loading navigation.Due to difference, boat is by little and large (generation of ship), and material is by the wooden iron and steel that is replaced by, until develop into modern ships industry.And the development of " raft " because the connection combined method of " compiling bamboo wood is raft " is too original, and is limit by strength of material, so there is not large development always.

Production, connection, the combination technique of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module, solved the difficult problem of " raft " formula apparatus of transport waterborne to modernization development comparatively energetically.Its outstanding advantages is the floating insubmersibility that relies on material itself, has formed the anti-heavy insubmersibility of the big-and-middle-sized buoyancy aid carrying platform of module combination.Intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module is according to the difference of composite molding material therefor, and proportion is at 0.05t/m ³～0.5t/m ³between, be only 1/20～1/2 of fresh water proportion, naturally floating, and leave larger goods load-carrying space, being better than the ratio of general boats and ships light weight and full load displacement---full load displacement subtracts light weight and is less than or equal to DWCC dead weight cargo capacity (referring to table 2-1).

Table 2-1

Adapt therewith, the process of the buoyancy aid platform submerged of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module construction, be under Action of Gravity Field condition, squeeze out the corresponding type volume water yield and with the interactional process of buoyancy, so " affinity " of buoyancy aid and water is stronger, equals this pacing factor of gravity any change occurs even if six exposed unlimited contact water of face does not affect buoyancy yet.Not picture boats and ships, rely on the hard frame tripe of hard shell abdomen hollow to realize---and make full use of " hollowing out wood for boat " principle dilatation loss of weight increase type volume displacement, interact with buoyancy and realize carrying navigation.Ship be " every " in water, waterborne, poor with " affinity " of water.Except the submarine of entirely going along with sb. to guard him, general boats and ships do not say that water overflow deck, even if hull bottom or ship side partial fracture are intake, can change very soon that buoyancy equals this groundwork of gravity and the danger of tumbling or sinking yet.

From above-mentioned comparing result analysis, with respect to " hollowing out wood for boat " principle of boats and ships, advantage is unquestionable, but safety fragility theoretically.Adopt the buoyancy aid module of " compile wood for raft " principle not worry the generation of permeable, water inlet, sinking accident, compare safety from shipbuilding theoretical side will exceed a lot, Master Cost ratio reduction related to this more.

Because of material itself do not intake and the float apparatus of transport waterborne made of light weight consistent with the allusion of " compiling wood for raft ", so be referred to as " compiling wood is raft " principle, distinguish to show with " hollowing out wooden as boat " principle.

Scientifically say, two kinds of manufacture principles are each has something to recommend him.The present invention does not repel the manufacturing technology of watertight boats and ships yet, is not mutually exclusive and is used in conjunction with " compiling wood for raft " two kinds of groundworks but advocate " to hollow out wood for boat ", makes Marine engineering science more attain perfection.For example, be used in conjunction with watertight compartment technology, utilize being rigidly connected of core frame tubing, watertight compartment is coupled to the position on the lower side of buoyancy aid platform, the one, can make buoyancy aid platform decentralization, move safety and steady more.The 2nd, the hard frame of hard shell that utilizes the different modeling such as cuboid, spindle watertight compartment is for buoyancy aid terrace part or girder, the truss of the function such as keel, rib are mainly provided---and promote buckling resistance square and the transverse warping moment index of buoyancy aid platform, improve the overall construction intensity of buoyancy aid platform.The 3rd, utilize watertight compartment for buoyancy aid platform provides oil plant, fresh water and power facility, improve logistics support and the Marine Mobile ability of platform.The 4th, among the extrados of watertight compartment or buoyancy aid module flat, that inclined-plane is obviously placed in connection are layer by layer gone along with sb. to guard him, and there is suitable strength criterion, can effectively protect the collision damage in attack and the moving process of enemy to vital parts, safety greatly improves.The 5th, by adjusting watertight volume of compartment carrying capacity, can suitably change the floating line of buoyancy aid platform, realize higher than the water surface, put down in the water surface even motor-driven lower than the water surface, in warlike operation, bring into play unique effect.

2, the mechanics principle of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module

Intersecting parallels core frame, refers to according to the oad of foamed plastic buoyancy aid module, and by 12 different length tubing, by the relative demand of length, width and height, 4 for long, 4 is wide, and 4 is high.The point of connection that usual friendship is closed hangs down 43 lines of appearance in connection anabolic process at the middle part of 12 tubing, utilize six way pipe fittings to carry out screw thread or socket joint connection, will make tubing realize connection smooth vertical and horizontal and that hollow is penetrating, be convenient to penetrate steel cable and carry out fastening or draw admittedly, form the general load-bearing framework (cable-stayed support is strengthened structure and wouldn't be narrated) that six faces of cutaway view are all intersecting parallels herein.The load-bearing framework that this is completed is in advance put into mould, with the composite molding in foaming process of foamed plastic base-material, has just formed intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module.All there are four mouths of pipe of well-distributed at six faces middle part of finished product outward appearance, for the connection of other modules or equipment part, to build up the large, medium and small type buoyancy aid platform or the floating transportation facilities that carries waterborne that meet designing requirement.

Analyze from the structure of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module, can see, its load-bearing, pressure-bearing, tension, bending resistance, the anti-ability such as disconnected are all by general load-bearing tension structure---and intersecting parallels core frame is realized.The Main Function of foamed plastic is expendable weight, increases buoyancy, simultaneously for the bulk strength that strengthens buoyancy aid module provides the support such as structure, stress.

From horizontal stressed relationship analysis, the tensile strength of simple substance polystyrene or phenolic foamed plastics is about 0.13～0.25Mpa.In foamed plastic module, add after intersecting parallels core frame, because being connected between module and module is that tubing by core frame is realized, therefore its transverse tensile strength standard is similar to or is equal to the tensile strength standard of metal tube used or nonmetallic pipe material itself substantially.As common pvc tube and common steel tube, tensile strength is more than 30～300Mpa.If add in buoyancy aid module and stressed tube 90.The stress of parallel or intersect vertically many homogeneity tubing that close and the foamed plastic buoyancy aid module itself of combining closely with it---the strain that is module whole itself is made a concerted effort, and two steel cables that pass from stressed tube hollow part (horizontal 2 of one deck, two layers longitudinal 2, vertically can wear 2～4) pulling force joint account, its horizontal tension, anti-break capability will be able to again several times and improve, and its safety is predictable.

From the stressed relationship analysis of vertical direction, slightly different from lateral stressed relational structure is, in weight (pressure) the power bearing surface of buoyancy aid module, will install fixing high-intensity metal (non-metal) load-bearing (pressure) structural slab---face (first) plate and base plate additional, and the two caliber ratio of the pulling force connecting pipe of vertical load-bearing (pressure) pipe and straight trend can be adjusted---be that vertical caliber is greater than parallel caliber, increase carrying area of thrust surface at the top mouth of pipe place adjunction flanged fitting simultaneously, make buoyancy aid module bearing surface on the load-bearing linking work at selected spots with that in entire areas (pressure) basis more balanced, further improve unit area carrying (pressure) ability, the buoyancy of buoyancy aid module and gravity ratio are reached or approach optimum value.

Above-mentioned adjusting pipe diameter ratio---being the measure that vertical caliber is suitably greater than parallel caliber, is to improve intersecting parallels core frame yield tensile ratio---be the ratio of tubing yield strength and tensile strength, and then improve one of major measure of buoyancy aid module whole safety rate.In addition, the large and medium-sized buoyancy aid platform being connected to form by buoyancy aid module or floating carrying in transportation facilities, installing hollow steel column, junior beam, steelframe etc. additional interconnects with intersecting parallels core frame, become one, increase the load of buoyancy aid platform, improve the bulk strength of buoyancy aid platform, make the construction of superstructure more convenient with installation, carrying, transport, handling goods, the physical culture function such as travel is more complete, and the important indicators such as array mode, safety, resistance to sinking also will greatly improve.

3, the structural principle of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module

Intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module belongs to composite engineering material, its load-bearing, pressure-bearing, tension, anti-disconnected so that connect, combination by intersecting parallels core frame main or complete independently.Therefore, analyze the structural principle of buoyancy aid module, first should do from the structural principle analysis of intersecting parallels core frame.

From the intersecting parallels steel pipe Architecture Analysis of simple substance, its outward appearance is extremely similar to the cuboid bearing frame of general 12 steel pipes composition, and difference is that tube and tube intersects the fastener that collects position and changed six way pipe fittings into, has become and has straight-throughly handed over mutually by folding to intersection.This variation, though exist shortcoming on monomer framework with not enough---tube length shortens, and axial compression resistance, tension and resistance to bending are affected.But due to the two effect, function difference, to such an extent as to the direction of stress point and position are also not quite similar, the short slab that surface is seen is with not enough its revolutionary variation place forming after being connected, combining just---the long distance of center acting point of axial compression resistance, tension remains on the same straight line of axle center, the toughness adaptability to changes of material is strengthened, the probability that " necking down ", crackle, fracture occur after steel pipe axially loaded reduces, and safety greatly improves.

General the vertical stressed of bearing frame is by taking paving bearing plate on crossbeam, lower berth chock, and parallel pulling force combination has realized by the extension of fastener and steel pipe.Intersecting parallels core frame is stacked up and down, is staggered in length and breadth by vertical four pipes and other buoyancy aid module, with core frame mouth of pipe connection identical, the position that is staggered, pop-up deck, the lower base plate that connects, bears gravity and the buoyancy of buoyancy aid platform and integrally; Parallel eight mutual Guan Ze are connected with other buoyancy aid module by 16 mouths of pipe of four faces, realize transmission and the continuity of pulling force.Therefore, the two is existing appreciiable same or similar, but not consistent.With regard to theoretical investigation and engineering practice, bearing frame has been a project under construction that specification is rigorous at building engineering field, as ministerial standard " building operation design of coupler scaffold technical specification of security " (JGJ130-2001) etc., there is to high reference the aspect such as structure design, LOAD FOR of intersecting parallels core frame.For example, install 1～4 cable-stayed support steel pipe or solid pull bar at intersecting parallels core frame middle part additional, join position oblique four-way or oblique eight way pipe fittings of its center connect, by the bulk strength standard of triangle stability principle raising intersecting parallels core frame, etc.

The method of attachment of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module is slit or seamless link, interface gap is as far as possible narrow, therefore can not adopt the steel tube fastener in building operation, but use for reference the scientific approach of pipeline engineering, and adopting improved slip-knot---half slip-knot of the present invention draws solid pipe fitting to solve.Pipe collar is being fixed the mouth of pipe outer wall of buoyancy aid module by screw threads for fastening, and the head of living inserts in the buoyancy aid module mouth of pipe to be connected, then tightens the screw thread of the head of living, and buoyancy aid module to be connected is tightened up gradually, realizes seamless link.Or employing routine techniques---chuck inner tube, first fixes one end, more gradually tight silk, draw solid method to coordinate to solve

The combined method of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module, use for reference building block---permutation and combination and building module theory and the method for fragment of brick.With wrong stubble of when combination layer, backward or forward mistake goes out 1/2nd spacing; Superimposed layer is wrong stubble also, and mistake goes out 1/2nd spacing to the left or to the right.The object of doing is not like this beautiful simply, but in order to improve bulk strength, make it in conjunction with after more firm, stressed more even, more ability is subject to the impact of stormy waves.

Corner deletion problem after combination, can solve with making and the method for attachment of longitudinal 1/2 buoyancy aid module or horizontal 1/2 buoyancy aid module.

But problem is more than above-mentioned much complicated.Said method has just solved that the basic problem of large and medium-sized buoyancy aid platform---buoyancy is greater than gravity, realizes floating heavy with loads.Can be only to have built up six square-folded cuboids, navigability not taken into account.

Intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid building block technique has been used for reference theory and the method for segment type barge and Ship Statics aspect navigability, adopts anomaly intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module to solve.

So-called anomaly, be exactly on the basis of conventional well word core rack, according to the different demands of navigability, structure aspects is front, lower or left, right, increase or reduce 1～3 or 2～4 long or short steel pipes, and be fastenedly connected with former intersecting parallels framework, put into after mould and foamed plastic composite molding, after forming paracone, put down, front circle is flat afterwards, left tiltedly right neat, right arc is left neat, arc chord angle, interior arc angle, the variation core rack buoyancy aid module of the configurations such as camber angle, be connected with intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module after combination, to form structure diversification, function universalization, use the good result of universalness.

The structure of anomaly intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module is comparatively complicated, can adopt special moulding box or directly taking shell as moulding box, with heating, the method for normal temperature or spray foaming solves.This forming method is also suitable for building being connected and foaming of intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module and complex region in the cohesive process of watertight type cabin, and foaming and the making of one-time formed small-sized not shipwreck ship.

Manufacture craft: the outer shape of intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic module is six cuboids.As calculated with relatively and absorb the various feature of building block combined method, the geometric proportion of its body is with length: wide: height=4:2:1 is advisable, and can be on this basis carry out suitable adjustment according to building module standard and different demanding criteria and change.

For example, the proportional sizes of the buoyancy aid module-external structure of certain model is 2400 × 1200 × 600mm, and actual size is 2370 × 1180 × 580mm, i.e. actual size=proportional sizes-surplus (moulding shrinkage coefficient+fitting allowance).Physical and chemical index of length, diameter, wall thickness and the various materials of the built-in intersecting parallels core frame each several part tubing of module, pipe fitting etc., all carries out corresponding calculating, processing and assembling on this basis.

Fabrication processing: simple and easy to do, can complete by existing routine techniques means.

1, connect intersecting parallels core frame.According to the requirement of Fig. 1, together with the tubing disperseing is connected respectively with four six way pipe fittings (Fig. 2), form the framework of intersecting parallels core frame.Then put it in mould, by the straight or vertical accurate location of the mouth of pipe, or in the mouth of pipe, insert spud pile, or the mouth of pipe is inserted to the pipe fitting that moulding box inwall adheres to, be fixed respectively.

Plastic pipe, pipe fitting can build core frame by methods such as bonding, sweat solderings, and metal pipe material, pipe fitting need to carry out in advance mantle fiber processing.It should be noted that, except most tubing need to be at outside, two ends mantle fiber, beyond six way pipe fitting cover internal threads connect, be positioned at the right side of intersecting parallels core frame, below, below (with respect to the left side, above, three faces above) amount to 12 pipe ends (each four pipe ends) all should overlap internal thread processed, and larger leaning angle is made in mouth of pipe inner side, be convenient to when other buoyancy aid module is connected, connect another module left side, above, half slip-knot of (for other three faces of this module) draws solid pipe fitting (Fig. 3) above, successfully insert these mouths of pipe, then tighten and draw admittedly, realize the orderly connection of multiple modules.

2, in mould, fix intersecting parallels core frame.According to the requirement of Fig. 1, by 24 external mouths of pipe of intersecting parallels core frame, being fixed on exactly the assigned position of mould inner wall---the each face being about in six faces is divided into the quarter in length and breadth, except four edges line up and down, three horizontal lines wherein all with three vertical line square crossings, form amount to nine right-angled crossing points.By from left to right, mode is from top to bottom arranged, and order is followed successively by 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, chooses the fixing mouth of pipe of 1,3,7,9 four point.By each 4 amount to 24 mouths of pipe fixing safe after, the mouth of pipe of opposite face directly communicates, adjacent surface or parallel communicating or vertical intercommunication, between tubing, connect in length and breadth by six way pipe fittings, perpendicular interconnection, hollow is penetrating, wide directly smooth and easy, be convenient to draw through steel cable, reinforcing bar etc. solid or fastening.

3, batch mixing, foaming.In foaming machine or foaming at normal temp mould, add pre-issuance of materials or the resin binder that mixture is good and the required various batchings of filling a prescription, heat foaming or foaming at normal temp, until evenly moulding.

4, the demoulding, integer, finished product.The intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module of foaming can depart from moulding box after cooling, carries out immediately simple outside trimming, makes the index such as accurate location of oad, each mouth of pipe more meet designing requirement and assembling demand.Then classify according to the difference of different resin classification (phenol resin, polystyrene etc.), tubing (plastic pipe, steel pipe), product purpose (military, civilian, water transportation, fixing or drift above water platform) etc., respectively spraying or apply liquid plastics or the firm fine and closely woven water resistant anti-corrosion paint of pellicle of different colours.Necessary be coated 1～2 layer of glass fibre cloth, brushwork epoxy resin, makes glass-felt plastic or protective film shell protective cover.The object of doing like this, the one, the aesthetic appearance of raising product; The 2nd, make color itself comprise more product and management information, make it more to meet module product use at a glance, one fills the features such as the suitability such as lucky, commonality be good.The 3rd, firmly outer layer protection can obviously improve product and moves, transports, in installation, use procedure, prevents from colliding with, rubs, hangs the ability of the phenomenons such as coming off of stumbling removing.Especially tolerate long period of soaking under water, in pressure environment, prevent foamed plastic imbibition and the ability of being scattered that comes off.The 4th, improve Corrosion Protection under product water, and alleviate the technostress that deepwater pressure resistant intensity improves constantly.

After above-mentioned work completes, intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module bodies has accused, and enters warehouse for finished product classification and preserves.While dispatching from the factory, add annex, accessory and special assembling, demounting tool---the hollow screw taps of stock etc. such as the fastening pipe fitting of half slip-knot, ensure water floating body platform or floating smooth connection of carrying transportation facilities, connect.

Method of attachment: basic method of attachment has three kinds:

The one, intersecting parallels plastic pipe core frame, the method such as available socket joint, bonding, sweat soldering connects.The domestic use of water that tension, pouring are not too high is begun a project---biotype cage culture plateform system (above has the accommodation platform waterborne that has sinker to fix under light house, have linked network, buffer action concurrently and with the floating auxiliary facilities such as formula traffic aisle platform that carry of extending in all direction of street lamp, railing) etc. comparatively suitable, and good corrosion resistance, cost is lower, economic and practical.

The 2nd, intersecting parallels metal pipe material core frame, comprises steel pipe, aluminum pipe, cast iron pipe; Seamless tube, seamed pipe, welded tube; Thick-walled pipe, standard pipe, thin-walled tube, welding heavy wall communication port pipe etc.While interconnecting, draw solid pipe fitting to connect with half loose joint.The facility waterborne that, the buoyancy aid module vertical number of plies less demanding to overall buoyancy is less, vertical attaching parts connects with hollow single hoop socket component, and simple and easy to do, construction speed can greatly improve.

The 3rd, intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module steel cable connection method.Utilize intersecting parallels core frame tubing used to be the penetrating feature of hollow, can penetrating steel cable, to carry out block-by-block fastening.The diameter of steel cable must not be greater than 1/2nd of core frame parallel pipe internal diameter.After facility waterborne builds up, the steel cable having more blocks after fixation is taked in the outside of peripheral backplate (wales, base plate, deck).The steel cable or the sinker that reserve are as required fixed, or draw admittedly on the reinforced concrete fixation means on nearly water bank, prevent from that facility drift waterborne or high wind from blowing to move.

Brief description of the drawings:

Accompanying drawing 1 is intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module diagram.

Accompanying drawing 2 is six way pipe fitting schematic diagrams.

Accompanying drawing 3 is that half slip-knot draws solid pipe fitting schematic diagram.

Application process: intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module is as a kind of brand-new material of construction, no matter rivers,lakes and seas, or ground facility, space all has a wide range of applications.Its diversified connection, combination technique and method, in can expanding new engineering material use field, further promote the raising of correlation technique practicality, popularization especially.Comparatively wide in range because of field of application, now only select several more representational connections, combined method and application example to be described below:

1, full intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module connection, combination water upper float platform

From initial buoyancy aid module, in core frame pipe, penetrate steel cable.Core frame in buoyancy aid module is divided into two-layer, and before and after bottom penetrates, to steel cable, upper strata penetrates left and right to steel cable, and vice versa.Will be by the steel cable in outermost mouth of pipe place, in addition fastening simultaneously with the hollow or solid bolt of fastening outer (limit, the side of a ship) plate, nut.Two semi-circular inverse expansion bolts that close button are first inserted at inboard mouth of pipe place on steel cable, are screwed into the core frame mouth of pipe along steel cable lines, and half slip-knot that expansion bolt is screwed on subsequently draws solid pipe fitting headband hoop alive end stuck, prevent that the inside elasticity of steel cable from reclaiming.And then steel cable is penetrated to next piece be attached thereto the mouth of pipe corresponding to buoyancy aid module connecing, start to carry out the work that is connected with other buoyancy aid modules.

First be in straight upper strata or lower floor, front and back to or left and right in the process of two steel cables separately, make to be connected module and stuck-module before (afterwards) face and a left side (right side) face move closer to and draw close, in succession aim at the position of the mouth of pipe.Then, draw the head of living of solid pipe fitting to insert on first slip-knot of stuck-module and be connected the mouth of pipe of module, and take advantage of a situation that to be screwed into a few button screws in addition firm.Because operating clearance is too small, also can not tighten by instrument.At this moment, the other end mouth of pipe that communicate from being connected module, directly inserts (without the steel cable mouth of pipe) or cover steel cable inserts the hollow screw tap of special stock, slowly tightens head screw alive.In the fastening process of head screw alive, the angle that is connected that makes to be connected between module and stuck-module forward and backward and left and right reduces gradually, straight docking, until front (afterwards) and left (right side) face are adjacent to completely, realizes slit or seamless link.

And then repeat stretching, fixing steel cable, penetrate and be connected the mouth of pipe, connect the work of other buoyancy aid module, until facility completes the combination profile of ground floor by design planning, and enclose hollow or solid bolt for position, the fastening limit of nut (side of a ship, enclose) plate and steel cable on limit, and good stand-by the steel cable dish reserving by demand.

The second layer, the parallel connection combination of three layers are identical with ground floor method, have just increased the link of stack fault stubble tooled joint.In addition, the vertical connection of superimposed layer is connected different with the row of will demanding for peace.Be furnished with the large and medium-sized buoyancy aid platform of base plate, be by the vertical pulling force that connects steel cable and hollow, solid bolt, nut fastening, closely became one with base plate.The vertical method that connects steel cable is not that full perforation connects, but under the prerequisite that meets vertical fastening force, block, bend in six suitable way pipe fitting level crossing positions and steel rod is fixed through curved cover, neither waste is also that more upper strata buoyancy aid module connection first (face) plate provides rich operational space.Under base plate abundant go out steel cable, fix for the bolt of the solid weights such as casting pig, reinforced concrete piece, to reduce the center of gravity of buoyancy aid platform, maintain the good floading condition of platform.

When vertical connection, half slip-knot draws the method for attachment of solid pipe fitting basic identical with parallel connection.The buoyancy aid platform highly lower, the number of plies is less, load is little, adopts the hollow socket component being of convenient length, and easy and simple to handle, work efficiency can improve greatly.

Full groined type core frame buoyancy aid module combined type water floating body platform technology, is applicable to building the projects such as middle-size and small-size commercial dock, trestle.For example, the buoyancy aid harbour that designs and build up, trestle platform are pulled to the correct position on bank.As drawing on solid steel cable and be first inserted in the steel pipe with slip-knot with embankment, one end is connected fastening with the buoyancy aid module core frame mouth of pipe, and the steel pipe other end rides on cement step or strong embankment.Then on steel pipe, correct position makes it to become unified beaer with the fastening vertical vertical brace pipe of pipe thread and lateral pull pipe.Be fixed one by one pulling to all steel cables in bank again.Finally, on the pipe support on connecting platform and bank, tiling fasten panels accuse completion.

Large-scale water floating body platform---as the water-based amusement rides of the marine imperial palace scale in Shenzhen, can connect on the basis of combination technique in application groined type core frame buoyancy aid module, be used in conjunction with girder steel, steelframe and limit (side of a ship) plate and connect technology, superstructure and be connected building technology etc. and can solve.

2, open buoyancy aid platform or floating connection and combined method of carrying transportation facilities external structure.

Deck.Deck is realize bearing goods, personnel and work the significant points of building superstructure.With respect to the boats and ships of " hollowing out wood for boat ", the buoyancy aid modular platform of " compiling wood for raft " is because lacking functional cabin under floating line, center of gravity is higher, distribute and adjust etc. such as life, power, raw material supply and even gravity laod, mostly need to carry out above deck, thereby more pay attention to performance and the utilization of deck effect.Miniature water upper mounting plate or floating carry transportation facilities because of deck load little, utilize the intersecting parallels core frame of identical caliber to have born, so at the circular hole of the reserved fastening effect of the same position of bearing plate (deck), deck is tightened together with intersecting parallels core frame the top mouth of pipe with hollow or solid bolt.It should be noted in the discussion above that in the position that need to build superstructure, should connect into straight line according to some points (some mouths of pipe of intersecting parallels core frame) of building module design according to the present invention and plan.Choose the position that on planning straight line, several points are column and tie-beam, bearing beam, then by vertical rod nut, (bottom is cylindrical vertical rod, and length maximum is to Liu Tong center, core frame upper strata; Neck is screw thread, tightens the intersecting parallels core frame mouth of pipe being attached thereto; Port is for expanding bigbore nut, in order to be connected and fixed the column on superstructure basis) tighten through deck and the intersecting parallels core frame mouth of pipe, deck is tightened together with buoyancy aid platform simultaneously.

Large and medium-sized buoyancy aid platform or the floating transportation facilities that carries, even because of deck load large excessive, can adopt the intersecting parallels core frame vertical tube method such as reducing (the vertical caliber of the most upper (lower) more past layer is larger) or umbrella shape support (the vertical mouth of pipe welded flange of top layer) step by step, increase the ability of gravity carrying.

The double deck of sandwich can be made in the excessive deck of load.Interlayer is that the laths of metal of erectting adds damping and falls impact draw-in groove, or the regularly arranged dark lattice damping moulding of thickening non-metal board, closely be connected with upper and lower panel, slow down the moment impact of excessive gravity object, and gravity bearing surface is propagated and amplified, make buoyancy aid platform stressed more balanced, improve load-carrying capacity and the field of application of buoyancy aid platform.Meanwhile, sandwich deck is because inner structure is thinly scattered, and load-carrying capacity improves, be more convenient for downward fastening buoyancy aid be upwards connected fastening superstructure basic component, construction operation space also provides many facilities.

Wales (side plate).The side plate steady job of square chest type buoyancy aid platform is comparatively simple, directly fixing with bolt or hollow bolt (pull-out steel cable).In the situation that having specific demand, as when the functions such as railing, lamp stand, step, purse seine or safety facilities are installed, flat (circle) hook bolt should be replaced by ring (semi-ring) hook bolt, first fix the side of a ship (limit) plate, then utilize the annular of bolt or semi-ring head to be connected and fixed the facility that needs installation.Also can utilize if desired the bolt of rear end plate of bottom, the facial connecting well word core rack mouth of pipe, extend outward pipe link (bar) and carry out stay bolt and fix.

Set up the interval facility of pontoon bridge or water floating body platform, need to be spaced from each other certain use spacing time, first should, according to intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module steel cable connection method, penetrate vertical or horizontal steel cable at the hollow pipeline of core frame upper strata or lower floor, and in addition fastening and be linked in sequence by root block-by-block.Need interval in order to the unimpeded place of current, utilize the steel pipe of conventional loose joint pipe fitting and two ends band silk, directly tighten support admittedly with the outer end mouth of pipe of intersecting parallels core frame, make to separate certain safe spacing between two buoyancy aid workplatformes.After all the fastening work of connection completes, utilize the steel cable reserving that pontoon bridge is pulled to opposite bank and is fixed.At this moment the fit step that should take, that first the both sides embankment above pontoon bridge current is chosen the suitable maintenance of drawing in number place and put, the steel cable longitudinally passing from intersecting parallels core frame is pulled to the different fastening point in the stressed oblique angle of both sides embankment, and tighten up gradually, pontoon bridge is stretching and be fixed piecemeal.Two work will be carried out simultaneously, coordinate and adjust, and make lateral pull and oblique restrained force perfection act on each section of critical positions of pontoon bridge and even entirety, ensure the safe handling of pontoon bridge.After frame work is carried out, utilize buoyancy aid module top load-bearing nozzle position, shore on steel pipe with the position of the fastening vertical stressed mouth of pipe of conventional pipe thread with interval, calculate Best link bearing surface, spread panel and connect fasteningly, refill and coordinate suitable railing and lamppost.

Large and medium-sized buoyancy aid platform or the floating transportation facilities that carries, because of the positions such as limit, angle, inclined-plane, cambered surface complex-shaped, therefore the installation workload of the side of a ship (limit) plate is larger.Be afraid of water inlet, permeable feature owing to being different from essence watertight type boats and ships, belong to open operation, the metal solder especially work capacity of high-precision metal welding greatly reduces, so difficulty of construction is relatively low, order is installed, construction speed will greatly improve, and safeguard function project also can increase as one sees fit.

The large-scale buoyancy aid platforms such as floating-island type aircraft carrier, in the time of splicing, combination, difficulty is higher, can adopt the intersecting parallels core frame outer end mouth of pipe to be welded with flange; Vertical fixing up/down perforation, the high strength connecting panel that width is suitable, the fastening point of increase and wales, the fastening force of enhancing platform and wales; When being connected and fixed the side of a ship (limit) plate, by the external heavy type of bolt lengthening or junior beam, steelframe the method such as fastening in addition.Utilize the outside steelframe of first, second two large buoyancy aid platforms to be rigidly connected.Utilize steel cable outer end separately, many steel cables of continued access also utilize machinery tension, flexibly connect simultaneously.Also to excel at leveraging increase and decrease watertight cabin and hold the sedimentation of carrying capacity adjustment buoyancy aid platform in order to parallel docking, etc.Utilize several and even several different methods, incite somebody to action separately independently large-scale buoyancy aid platform connection and combine, build up chinampa aircraft carrier and the large water aircraft landing of distinct Chinese characteristics and the center that commands troops.

Base plate.The connection of base plate is comparatively simple.Small-sized square chest type buoyancy aid platform, before lower water, according to the length and width ratio of buoyancy aid module, is formulated the size that cuts base plate, by standard compliant base plate stick, according to the requirement of wrong stubble tooled joint, installs successively fixing.

Large and medium-sized buoyancy aid platform or the floating transportation facilities that carries, because of comparatively complexity of bottom construction, require also comparatively strict with material---such as pressure-bearing, anticollision, rust protection, inclined-plane or cambered surface moulding to increase buoyancy, permanent ballast to lower the center of gravity etc., so should build special place on bank or in dock built carry out.First according to the blanking of base plate composition, the amalgamation (comprising the satisfactory anomaly intersecting parallels of moulding core frame buoyancy aid module) of design, base plate and buoyancy aid module are fastened as a whole---first according to the regularity of distribution of the bottom mouth of pipe, fixed lateral high strength meeting stile is installed, then is connected and fixed base plate thereon.Carry out the bolt steady job of solid ballast thing simultaneously.And then be upwards connected and fixed several layers of intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module, and make it to reach after security intensity standard and buoyancy standard, can draw (pushing away) to slip in water, proceed installation and the construction on top.

3, large-scale buoyancy aid platform or floating carrying being connected of intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module and the inner structure such as girder steel, steelframe part in transportation facilities.

The connection of girder steel, steelframe, with full intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module combined type chinampa aircraft carrier 60 × 90m ²the monomer platform of rank is example.First according to quantity and the position of the full load displacement of compound type monomer platform, self total weight and various stressed relation design girder, auxiliary girder, and the important technology data such as superstructure weight is arranged in pairs or groups with gravitational equilibrium, groined type core frame buoyancy aid module length, width and height proportional sizes and method of attachment.From bottom is equipped, to meticulously calculate bulk analysis, unified arrangement.

For example, chinampa aircraft carrier monomer platform buoyancy aid part to arrange the water yield (pimsoll line is the extension line of plane in top layer buoyancy aid module) be more than 31000 ton (60 × 96 × 5.4 meters × sea water specific gravity 1.025).Buoyancy aid platform self total weight is about 18600 tons (by average 600 kilograms/m ³calculate).Texas deck holds and carries 2000 tons of 20 airplanes and supporting personnel, facility gross weights, more than 10000. tons of rich load carrying abilities.For functional requirements such as the requirement of the basis such as seaworthiness, wave resistance and increase life and work spaces, should increase by 5～7 meters (cabin altitude) of height, inside establish the life and work facility space layer of large and small separation, increase weight 6000 tons, still more than 4000 tons of rich load carrying abilities, are enough to meet the demand for security of multi-aircraft landing simultaneously---do not comprise that can increase the buoyancy aid module number of plies expands the supporting safety measures such as carrying index to strengthen buoyancy.

With the above-mentioned basis that is calculated as, girder adds up to 5 with auxiliary girder (not comprising the longitudinal steelframe being connected with wales)---and 7 (root), the center line distance between Liang Yuliang is from 7.5-10 meters of average out to---and actual interval distance should equal the integral multiple of buoyancy aid module transverse width.Laterally the center line distance at steelframe and steelframe interval is from the integral multiple that is buoyancy aid module longitudinal length, and line-spacing is equal to or less than the spacing (calculating by monomer buoyancy aid module proportional sizes 2400 × 1200 × 600mm, lower same) of girder steel.

Girder is identical with the keel effect of boats and ships, but structure is not quite similar.First, girder connects the core texture part of buckling resistance square before and after being, weight greatly alleviates compared with keel.Therefore,, though the section form of girder also adopts traditional " work " font, middle force part of erectting adopts wide × high ≈ 40 × 60cm to erect the roomy pipe-support type vertical frame that adds diagonal brace; Upper and lower two connect the wide cut high tensile steel plate (width 80～190cm) that surface plates are thickening groove stiffened plate or sandwich, with the socket of the longitudinal core frame of 1～2 row pipe, and the inside and outside wall of material therefor all need to cover mould, the contour anti-corrosion treatment of mopping.Secondly, needn't adopt high-precision full welding, but necessary position (main-beam pipe bridge joint point and the fastening connecting tube through girder buoyancy aid module core frame pipe etc.) implement welding, mostly adopt riveted joint or bolted.They are three years old, the distribution of girder from one keel different, can twice so three secondary clearings lay, and from base plate, just choose four buoyancy aid modules " ten " font point of connection place, (integral multiple of buoyancy aid block length) just arranges a hollow pipe column or vertical load-bearing steelframe at a certain distance, successively, wear, jack-up ground floor girder and be attached thereto fixing after, from one deck girder top panel, continuation is worn to two layers, three layers, the center line stress point that makes girder to base plate, remains on same plumb bob vertical from bottom to top and by deck.

Auxiliary girder is with to adjoin keel effect similar, identical with the structure of girder, and just size is suitably reduced.Can increase in part section structure for just or fall the assistant reinforcement muscle of " T " font, the upper and lower plate face of its plane and auxiliary girder is fastening, and facade stands in buoyancy aid module connecting sewing, further strengthens the intensity of the buckling resistance square of auxiliary girder.

Steelframe is mainly the truss being connected with layer with girder, auxiliary girder, can make girder and auxiliary girder laterally connect as one, and can improve again the intensity of the anti-transverse warping moment of buoyancy aid platform and integrally.Therefore, the horizontal section structure of steelframe is that width is less than 120cm, and thickness is less than 15cm, the upper and lower steel pipe vertical brace link span with " T " font assistant reinforcement muscle in center line position.

Method of attachment: be that 5.4m calculates by floating body material gross thickness, longitudinal girder steel is distributed as three layers with horizontal steelframe, and interval is the integral multiple of buoyancy aid module floor height.The level that is ground floor is the parallel extended line of plane in three layers of module of bottom module bottom surface to the---be 1.8m.The level of the second layer is level in layer 6 module, is about 3.6m; The 3rd layer is top layer plane, be connected with panel (underdeck), and be 5.4m apart from bottom straight line height.Will be from bottom connect, the longitudinally girder downside of center line, every two, in " ten " font merge point of 4 modules, with a chainsaw or the method for thermal cutting first, 4 modules are made to interior arc chord angle (after splicing for circular) at the angle of joining of this point, then be connected and fixed.In this position, the suitable heavy wall vertical brace steel pipe of diameter is installed, steel pipe two ends connect the pipe fitting of the be locked fastening flat board of mouth of pipe band and tie bolt simultaneously.The vertical dimension of vertical brace steel pipe equals above base plate the length of (second layer buoyancy aid module top layer horizontal line) to ground floor kingpost baseplate.Next, vertical brace steel pipe need, through the second reserved circular hole in fault stubble tooled joint buoyancy aid module center, tighten together with girder steel lower plate.

Being connected before combination carries out of girder and the following vertical brace steel pipe of plane on the buoyancy aid module second layer, cut away the foamed plastic of plane and girder lower plate same widths in second layer buoyancy aid module, thickness, the girder lower plate tooled joint that longitudinally center line front and back connect is put, be laid on second layer buoyancy aid module flat.The two row buoyancy aid modules mouth of pipe upwards of adjacent line of centers, through the reserved connecting bore of kingpost baseplate in addition fastening one by one.The vertical brace steel pipe connecting junction plate upwards passing from base plate is given fastening simultaneously.And then erect and rivet, weld stand.Next, then separate to both sides from girder stand, the 3rd layer of buoyancy aid module is linked in sequence.The buoyancy aid module of both sides and girder stand laminating, longitudinally cut away and the foamed plastic of girder stand equal wide, then by four horizontal steel pipes that expose separately, steel cable through the reserved mouth of pipe of girder stand, connect with corresponding buoyancy aid module tubes open tightening.Last again the connection mouth of pipe of girder frame and the core frame pipe passing are welded or fastening.In the position of longitudinal two row buoyancy aid modules and girder stand formation floating body material neutral gear, can adopt the method that adds lid top panel foaming at normal temp or direct spray foaming, make girder steel stand and foamed plastic composite molding, became one, can increase buoyancy, kept again the relatively fixing of position, anticorrosion rust-proofing, also makes mechanical structure more stable simultaneously.

The 3rd layer of buoyancy aid module connects in fastening process,, at girder (auxiliary girder) and horizontal steelframe connection location, first put into steelframe.Steelframe is placed on longitudinal core frame pipe of the 3rd layer of buoyancy aid module.The annulus of steelframe bottom welding passes and forms unified beaer for core frame pipe.Top with the upper plane keeping parallelism of the 3rd layer of buoyancy aid module, and utilize the connection annulus of steelframe both sides welding, be inserted in core frame pipe upwards to expand bearing surface.Rivet with stand and the top panel of girder, auxiliary girder at the two ends of girder steel, welding or bolted.

After the work that is connected and fixed of girder stand and horizontal steelframe completes, then according to the width of girder upper plate and thickness, cut away the foamed plastic on corresponding buoyancy aid module upper strata, put into girder upper plate.Finally, by the core frame pipe upwards passing and girder stand, laterally steelframe connection facility one by one fastening or rivet clasp, be welded.

The connection combined method of all the other the 3rd layer of buoyancy aid modules is with identical before.Connection side's rule of auxiliary girder is sequentially carried out with reference to the method for attachment of girder.Until the completing of chinampa aircraft carrier monomer main platform body structure.

4, the connection of hollow steel column and fixing means

Hollow steel column is the indispensable basic design facility of large-scale aquatic work production platform.For example, platform area is at 30 × 30m ²above, nearly ten thousand tons of displacement, for the production work platform of offshore oil and gas probing or other objects, its four corners position all should be connected and fixed the hollow steel column (carry out with reference to following method at platform center or other positions that need configure hollow steel column) of diameter 1.2～2.4m.The buoyancy aid platform building up on the coast is in advance being drawn and slipping into water and sail into behind predetermined maritime area, utilize hollow steel column, sink to the heavy wall steel cylinder (open caisson) of mechanical continued access, contact utilizes capstan winch or drill bit that mud, rock are smashed and extracted out behind seabed, until open caisson and the firm steady combination of scar are sunk to steel cage perfusion mortar in addition firm.Finally, the recycling machinery that hoists makes platform rise to design height simultaneously and be fixed along four steel columns, and built structures are stable, the offshore production of the anti-wave of wind resistance, life, workplatform.

Connecting the first step work of hollow steel column, is the cylinder of making in advance hollow steel column.

The external diameter of hollow steel column will be by 600,1200, the progression increase and decrease of 2400mm, conform to the Aspect Ratio size of buoyancy aid module, are convenient to and the connection of buoyancy aid module tubing, steel cable and fastening, to strengthen the bulk strength of platform.

The upper/lower terminal of hollow steel column, make full use of and receive modern manufacturing process achievement and specification, is connected and fixed essential auxiliary facility, ensures the smooth realization of aquatic work platform various functions.

Before the welding of cylinder starts, will be according to the feature of the unidirectional connection of buoyancy aid module core frame, by two hollow steel columns that distribute in opposite directions on same straight line, one is welded into complete hollow cylinder, the forward surface of another cylinder reserves oblong blank " window "---construction space, and after waiting two buoyancy aid modules between hollow cylinder and being connected and fixed, welding is filled again.

Hollow steel column outside,, according to buoyancy aid module stacked feature in length and breadth, weld several direction spacing straight point of connection consistent with module core frame all around, and highly distribution is consistent with the module number of plies.The Workpiece structure of hollow steel column outer wall point of connection with operating needs is: because steel column adopts buoyancy aid module core frame to coordinate steel cable to draw solid method with steel column spacing compared with long, the steel column point of connection of initiating terminal should be made the outer flat shape of a saddle link span of inner arc.First utilize behind the fixing steel cable of link span termination, then with straight connection of half loose joint pipe fitting of buoyancy aid module core frame end.And steel column and buoyancy aid platform edges are when nearer, utilize round steel or the reinforcing bar of in shape of a saddle link span, drawing to penetrate module core frame, and then are connected fastening with half loose joint pipe fitting.

The large-scale buoyancy aid module combined platform of construction with hollow steel column, should be first on strong level land, bank near water building stand.First lay base plate and auxiliary facility by designing requirement, then utilize weight-lifting equipment all hollow steel columns of slinging vertically to be stablized, tighten together with the base plate of corresponding site.

Next, start the work that is connected and fixed of ground floor buoyancy aid module and base plate and hollow steel column.Will be from the hollow steel column outside on the adjacent both sides of above water platform, the round steel or the reinforcing bar that utilize steel column outer wall to stretch out, be horizontally through module core frame pipe until be connected fastening with limit (side of a ship) plate.The buoyancy aid module not contacting with steel column, by the normal combined method that connects, from left to right, from front to back, order penetrates steel cable, connection, the work such as fixing.

To first cut away unnecessary foamed plastic for the buoyancy aid module that is centered around hollow steel column surrounding, and be mantle fiber again after suitable length by the core frame pipe sawing of exposing, for hollow steel column connecting and fixing.If necessary, also should be when ground floor module be connected with base plate, between hollow steel column, connect the sizeable solid carrying girder steel that draws.

After ground floor buoyancy aid module is connected and fixed work and completes, more sequentially wrong stubble tooled joint connects the second layer, the 3rd layer of buoyancy aid module, and corresponding girder steel, steelframe.Until above water platform periphery is fastening, hollow steel column is uprightly stable, bottom facility is comprehensive work well after, can or draw and slip into water above water platform sliding, continued connection, the erection work on top.

The method of construction of large-scale water floating body platform, is equally applicable to build the deep water floating-type wharf of function complexity.There is essence variation in the effect that is hollow steel column---by hollow steel column submerged (open caisson) and utilize steel cage, the core body steel column of the one that thes cement solidifies, become the foundation pile of carrying harbour large lifting equipment.Cut the essential high strength base plate of above water platform, the large-scale supporting installations and facilities such as machinery hoist.Utilize the foundation pile of several reasonable layouts, on deep water floating-type wharf deck, separate certain safe altitude, the straight prefabricated bearing beam of large-scale steel reinforced concrete that sets up,

And and fixed by the straight foundation pile of a company, as the installation basis of runway and the rotary cranes of large-sized gantry crane.Construct the load of buoyancy aid platform as for utilizing intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module, on harbour, load and unload the auxiliary facility of bulk goods, oil plant, freight container etc., and the problem such as depth of water standard of large-sized deep water floating-type wharf, addressing, storage condition, become by contrast the peripheral issue that level is lower.By meticulous calculating, scientific construction and multidisciplinary personnel's cooperation coordinates, and all can better solve.

5, the method that is connected and fixed in large-scale water floating body platform and watertight cabin

The monomer platform that is provided with watertight power cabin taking compound type chinampa aircraft carrier is as example.

In the buoyancy aid platform inside of 60 × 96 × 5.4m, design connects upper and lower wide 40.8m, high by 2.4m, the box cuboid watertight compartment of elongated 96m (not comprising that front end connects the length of steelframe and rear end propeller), volume reaches 9400m ³.Can be according to different functional requirements, the independent cabins such as diesel equipment compartment, fresh water tank, fuel bunker, daily life cabin are set respectively.The Vomitory and the exhaust system that connect underdeck are left in watertight compartment top; Keel, girder steel are installed in bottom, improve the buckling resistance square of hull and the ability of anti-transverse warping moment.

Buoyancy aid platform top---on watertight compartment body plane between underdeck, for 1.2m is thick, long 96m, the intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module of wide 60m connects buoyancy layer.Left and right two side of a ship positions of buoyancy aid platform, are respectively long 96m, wide 9.6m, the buoyancy aid module protection layer of thick 2.4m and high strength wales.Buoyancy aid platform bottom---at the bottom of watertight compartment, be divided into long 96m to boat bottom, wide 60m,

Thick 1.The buoyancy aid module buoyancy protective cover of 8m and shallow curved plate hull bottom.Intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module accounts for 2/3rds of chinampa aircraft carrier monomer platform floating body part partial volume total amount, adds up to 21700m ³, being enough to ensure that chinampa aircraft carrier monomer platform heavyly pierce into water in the situation that is not turned over by fried at watertight compartment, safety rate is able to larger raising.

Method of construction carries out substantially according to the following steps:

First, be chosen in building stand in strong level land, bank or large-scale simple and easy dock.First lay longitudinal keel and steelframe, then by itself and watertight compartment base plate weld together.Next be welded again other parts of watertight compartment, until the completing of watertight compartment main body welding job.

When item that this one-phase should be noted that, due to keel and watertight compartment base plate weld together, the load of the buckling resistance square that keel are born greatly alleviates.Therefore, can suitably adjust the material label of keel, or take to reduce cross-sectional area, increase hole with expendable weight in facade or the plane of keel, convenient module core frame, through measures such as connections, is simplified technique, and saving steel advances construction duration progress.Laterally the distribution of steelframe also can be with reference to handling with welding.Watertight compartment front end, because being connected with other monomer platforms, being burn-on and is connected steelframe and necessary steel cable point of connection.Watertight compartment rear end is because locating vital parts, for preventing enemy attack, can watertight cabin after plate be set to the antiknock of bilayer or multilayer, anti-armour-piercing guar plate, strengthen the anti-attack ability of self.

Secondly, it is first from watertight compartment bottom surface that the connection of buoyancy aid module is wanted, and connected to both sides by keel, block-by-block, line by line, successively penetrate steel cable, connect, fastening, until bottom transverse strip connecting plate is fixing, then longitudinal base plate is sequentially installed, then is welded seam.

The item that this one-phase should be noted that is, the binding site that is connected at buoyancy aid module core frame with watertight compartment bottom surface or keel and steelframe, floating body material---when the large scale of construction of foamed plastic is damaged, should take to utilize shifting board one to six face to go along with sb. to guard him into moulding box, drop into the moulding of expanded material foaming at normal temp or the spray foaming of premix, make floating body material enrich each position and closely link and be integrated, and then connect fastening other buoyancy aid module.Even the gap of 10～20mm, filling foamed plastics cannot complete, should on-the-spotly modulate the oil putty or the Charge that are mixed with expanding agent, these gaps are filled up, strengthen the anti-rotten rust protective capacities of these position metallic materials, also prevent simultaneously seawater enter long period of soaking behind these positions to foamed plastic form imbibition, the generation of the phenomenon such as come off.

The 3rd, the connection of left and right side of a ship position buoyancy aid module, the urgent position that borders on the river close wall out of my cabin to start, and sequentially outwards connects fastening.Close on the buoyancy aid module outboard wick frame mouth of pipe of wales and buoyancy aid platform rear and front end, be by designing requirement welding flange in advance; More than the fastening good last core frame mouth of pipe hub disk of the steel cable that goes out hang well appropriate stand-by.And then the connection that starts second, third layer is fastening, until this part is installed completing of connection task.

The 4th, on watertight compartment, plane is to the fastening work of connection of buoyancy aid module between underdeck.Because of the broad constructability of table top, start sequentially to install from one side or adjacent both sides simultaneously, difficulty of construction is relatively low compared with other positions.It should be noted that the porthole place that passes in and out up and down watertight compartment, first reserve " window " of the fastening buoyancy aid module core frame mouth of pipe half loose joint pipe fitting and steel cable, after having constructed, fill and be welded again.Ventilation duct preferably adopts circle, and external diameter is not more than 60cm, is convenient to the gap through module core frame, makes construction more convenient.

After the preliminary completion of buoyancy aid platform,, by designing requirement, at rear and front end and left and right two sides of a ship, the bar shaped high strength connecting panel that width is suitable is installed from top to bottom.And then from bottom to top, left and right wales, rear wall inner shield and front end wall interior panel are installed and are connected steelframe, until complete.

At this moment just dismountable builder's staging, utilizes hydraulic pressure bearing equipment that buoyancy aid platform is steadily fallen, sliding or draw and slip into water.

Installation and the construction of the above part of chinampa aircraft carrier merogenesis monomer platform underdeck, can proceed on the water.The method of attachment of underdeck and buoyancy aid module core frame, the problems such as the stressed load-bearing in work facility space between underdeck and upper deck, load distribution, the anti-wave of waterproof, existing addressing above, no longer superfluous words.

6, the design-build of water floating body platform superstructure be connected and fixed method

The design of water floating body platform superstructure, will be all the time according to buoyancy aid module core frame standpipe transversal centerline spacing 600mm, the building module of longitudinal midline spacing 1200mm is that plan on basis, select accurate supporting point and the link position of column, partition wall, tie-beam, bearing beam etc., and then connect, installation.

The domestic life type cage culture platform of small-sized monolayer plastic core frame buoyancy aid module construction superstructure---being connected and fixed of daily life light house is comparatively simple.First be that four or the amalgamation of six plastic core frame buoyancy aid modules are connected into square or rectangular buoyancy aid platform.Then re-lay plastic front board or the plank of reserved connecting bore.And then utilize steel to mould compound reducing fittings, and adopt method and the buoyancy aid module core frame standpipe weld together of sweat soldering, base plate is pressed solidly simultaneously.Finally utilize the reducing fittings port exposing, be screwed into or insert column steel pipe, and at middle part and the upper end built joint steel pipe of column, form that corner is vertical, the structural framing of monolithic stability, more sequentially load onto the light-duty color steel wallboard and the roof panels that leave door and window.

Although the design-build of large-scale water floating body platform superstructure and connection are complicated, but construction method is with described above substantially consistent, just method of attachment changes higher being rigidly connected of intensity into, and connection structure has increased welding flange bolted deck, buoyancy aid module core frame upper end and upright post base; Utilize longitudinal girder steel, horizontal steelframe and densely covered strip connecting plate, for column, partition wall, roof beam structure and the auxiliary facility of carrying superstructure provide more powerful robust support, to building up safety and comfort, different style, supporting individual layer, bilayer and even the multilayer superstructure of function, many-sided demand such as meet the growing production waterborne of all kinds of crowds, live, travel.

7, build solar power, wind energy some integrated technology measure and methods for using them in conjunction with power type aircraft carrier buoyancy aid target ship

Aircraft carrier buoyancy aid target ship, it is the connection combination technique of utilizing intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module, and supporting girder steel, steelframe reinforcement technique and deck, wales, base plate connection technology etc., be built into the aircraft carrier shape having with enemy state or potential hostile nations, target ship of the same size---do not need superstructure, top layer deck plan is unanimously.Lay above deck the solar panel of subregion parallel connection, and install and fix some groups of wind power plants, the wind power generation that utilizes marine luminous energy and day and night produce, electric power concentration of transmissions, to watertight power cabin on the lower side, aircraft carrier rear portion, utilizes electric energy to advance the motor-driven of aircraft carrier move ahead and turn to.

The effect of aircraft carrier target ship is self-evident, improves accurate ability and the technical merit that I PLA utilizes ballistic missile to hit enemy state's aircraft carrier exactly in order to train, and strengthens strategic deterrence power, prevents war, safeguards national peace.

Utilize intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid building block technique to build aircraft carrier target ship, there is following outstanding advantages:

The one, cost is lower.Taking the state-of-the-art Ford level of U.S.'s active service aircraft carrier as example.Deck total length 337m, wide 77m, fabrication cost is up to 10,500,000,000 dollars, and the wide buoyancy aid platform of manufacture 47m adds the fabrication cost of the emulation plane aircraft carrier target ship on push-and-pull deck can not break through Renminbi 2～300,000,000 yuan (being mainly Master Cost).

The 2nd, production cycle is short, and technology is simple.Because material therefor is general common used material but not the special material of using, technology is also current techique and the high specific technique of non-confidential, so utilize strong level land, bank or simple and easy dock can carry out assembling combination, hundreds of people can build up lower water trial voyage or flight for 3～5 months.

The 3rd, aircraft carrier target ship can Reusability, is beneficial to repeatedly trial fire, correction and the test repeatedly of ballistic missile.Ballistic missile is the high speed conventional warhead that fight blast portion is not installed, after hitting target ship, penetrate or pass from putting out the foam plastics core rack-layer of not firing, because target ship self is not afraid of damage and water inflow, so only need repair the subregion damaging on deck solar panel in parallel or wind power plant, target ship main body still can be born ballistic missile correction test repeatedly, accumulation data, improve the precision strike capability to aircraft carrier in high-speed cruising.

The 4th, aircraft carrier target ship can one-object-many-purposes.When training, sail predetermined maritime area into, manual operation or closely remote control navigation all can.All the other times can be docked in maritime strategy or campaign position, show national sovereignty, and build superstructure temporarily, for officers and men in ship provide comfortable living environment, consolidate the coast defence of motherland.

In sum, the field of application of intersecting parallels core frame buoyancy aid module composite forming technology and connection, combination technique is very extensive.From the one-shot forming manufacture of small-sized not shipwreck ship, the wide type transport of shallow water, amusement and exercising ship are refuted and small-sized buoyancy aid platform---the connection combination of the simple structure buoyancy aid platforms such as rivers,lakes and seas sinker fixed dot interlace distribution swimming leisure buoyancy aid plateform system, self power generation channel light buoyancy aid platform, floating beacon platform; To biotype cage culture buoyancy aid plateform system, pontoon bridge, trestle and shallow water floating-type wharf; Arrive again the multiplex floating-type wharf of deep water, large-scale production waterborne, the platform of living, travel, open sea aeroplane operational commanding platform, the manufacture of compound type chinampa aircraft carrier monomer platform and emulation aircraft carrier electric propulsion plane target ship, combine and be connected and fixed method etc., show the open waterborne floating magnificent picture scroll that carries transportation facilities Manufacture and application that a width form is different, function is numerous, application example is numerous, described still too late ten one.Because length is limit, can only select its want and generally it, careless omission part, unavoidable.Predictably, along with the expanding day of this technology application popularization scope, will make the more people and industry, industry be benefited, improving constantly of integral level built in the sound development and national defence, the coast defence that promote economic construction.

Claims

1. the manufacture method of an intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module.It mainly comprises metal (non-metal) tubing, six way pipe fittings ₍₂₎the intersecting parallels core frame of composition, with the manufacture method of the pre-issuance of materials of foamed plastic or base-material, the foaming of batching common mode, composite molding.It is characterized in that: manufacture method divides three steps to carry out.The first step is by the inside and outside mantle fiber of metal pipe material port disperseing, then with six way pipe fittings ₍₂₎be threaded (plastic pipe sweat soldering or bonding) fastening, make the intersecting parallels core frame smooth vertical and horizontal, hollow is penetrating, or increase and decrease on this basis tubing and six way pipe fittings ₍₂₎quantity and make anomaly intersecting parallels core frame.Second step is the design code position at moulding box inwall, utilize mounted cylindrical stake tool or cutting ferrule pipe fitting, six faces of cuboid are amounted to the intersecting parallels core frame (comprising anomaly intersecting parallels core frame) of 24 mouths of pipe, carry out one by one the fixing of accurate location.The 3rd step is by pre-foamed plastic issuance of materials or base-material and various batching, by technological requirement mixture evenly after, accurate measurement add moulding box.Then the technical standard such as temperature, pressure requiring routinely heat foaming or foaming at normal temp, until foam plastic foaming evenly and with core frame tubing mortise, make that body is full, the composite bodies piece of stress equalization.

2. composite molding manufacture method according to claim 1, its core technology feature is by metal (non-metal) tubing, pipe fitting and foamed plastic composite molding, and object is to make to be mainly used in the open floating material of construction that carries transportation facilities waterborne.

3. according to six way pipe fittings described in claim 1～2 ₍₂₎, its architectural feature is: six circle hole centrelines are vertical inside by occur simultaneously any round dot of six straight lines, and the random angle that its two adjacent straight lines form is 90 °.Six way pipe fittings ₍₂₎for outer real metal (non-metal) framing member of hollow.Six mouths of pipe can be threaded also can sweat soldering or bonding.Spout diameter both can unanimously also can be greater than parallel four spout diameters by vertical two spout diameters by six bores.Top or the angle position, bottom of upper or lower vertical tube mouth and any two adjacent parallel mouths of pipe can increase the protrusion annex that is used for being connected and fixed support tube (bar) in the time of casting pipe---and oblique band draws solid.

4. according to making intersecting parallels core frame foamed plastic buoyancy aid module described in claim 1～3 ₍₁₎connection and application process, it is characterized in that: utilize the penetrating feature of intersecting parallels core frame hollow, after vertical parallel six direction in length and breadth up and down penetrates core frame and is connected and fixed to steel cable or the reinforcing bar of outer continuity, can fastening peripheral backplate (side plate, wales, deck, base plate), can reduce the floating facility center of gravity of carrying by the solid weight of bolt again, can also carry out method of attachment and the measure such as anchoring (sinker is fixed), cable solid (pulling to bank bolt admittedly or pull mobile bolt knot fixing).

5. method of attachment according to claim 4, is characterized in that fixing buoyancy aid module while being connected with buoyancy aid module to be connected, utilizes half fixing slip-knot of the core frame mouth of pipe to draw solid pipe fitting ₍₃₎, the head of living of half slip-knot is inserted and is connected in the corresponding core frame mouth of pipe of buoyancy aid module, then insert the hollow screw tap of stock from the other end of the pipe that directly communicates, turn and tighten half slip-knot and draw solid pipe fitting ₍₃₎head alive, make to be connected buoyancy aid module and stuck-module and strain gradually, parallel docking.