CN103909751A - Label manufacturing process for plastic container, plastic container and application thereof - Google Patents
Label manufacturing process for plastic container, plastic container and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103909751A CN103909751A CN201410171943.0A CN201410171943A CN103909751A CN 103909751 A CN103909751 A CN 103909751A CN 201410171943 A CN201410171943 A CN 201410171943A CN 103909751 A CN103909751 A CN 103909751A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- plastic containers
- ink
- serigraphy
- label
- preparing technology
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a label manufacturing process for a plastic container, the plastic container and the application thereof. The label manufacturing process comprises the steps that the PET plastic container with the surface tension being 44-52dyn/cm is located, silk-screen printing is carried out, and then ultraviolet light instant curing is carried out; printing ink of silk-screen printing is ultraviolet curing ink comprising photo-initiator; silk-screen tightening tension of silk-screen printing is 25-35N/cm. According to the label manufacturing process, printing firmness is high, the amount of residual solvents is small, and the requirement for safety and sanitation of food packaging can be met. Meanwhile, the label manufacturing process can well adapt to the follow-up liquid drink cleaning, disinfecting and bulking automatic production line.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of label preparing technology, plastic containers and application thereof of plastic containers.
Background technology
In recent years, beverage industry development is swift and violent, and the kinds such as soda, fruit drink, milk-contained drink, tea beverage and drinking water are enriched constantly, and meanwhile, the development of beverage filling equipment is also advanced by leaps and bounds.
In general, no matter be that cold filling, hot filling or middle temperature are filling, for ensureing that production line keeps good antibiotic property in pouring process, the bulking system of the sterilization of packaging and rinse-system and beverage must be combined, that is to say, most of beverage filling equipment is all package sterilization, flushing, filling, capping automation line production.
Beverage packaging is commonly used the plastic containers such as PET bottle, PP bottle or HDPE bottle, when the combination of printing figure message and packaging can be selected bottle blowing after in-mold label, bottle blowing body directly print, several modes such as body shrink sleeve label or body labeling.
In order not pollute the aseptic of beverage filling system, filling apparatus adopts the mode of first filling rear body shrink sleeve label or body labeling conventionally.On market, mostly common tea beverage, soda etc. is to adopt this mode of production.But body shrink sleeve label or body labeling are to complete on the production line of the food enterprises, that is to say, the food enterprises needs additional investment to purchase trademark plastering machine or labelling machine; And other forming label mode all completes in packaging manufacturing enterprise.For the food enterprises, be certainly more ready to adopt simple, without the mode of production of additional investment.And body shrink sleeve label or body labeling are compared the directly mode of printing of body, how label material, relative cost can be high.In addition, no matter be body shrink sleeve label or body labeling, all easily occur that label comes off, the phenomenon such as friction or warpage.
Although the mode of in-mold label has overcome above-mentioned defect to a certain extent when bottle blowing, this labeling mode also needs printed label material, makes expensively, is difficult to be accepted by the food enterprises.Visible, on existing market to safety and environmental protection, the shortage phenomenon of label preparing technology is urgently to be resolved hurrily fast and easily.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention is intended to solve is to overcome liquid beverage filling production lines of the prior art and can not adopts printing on bottles to carry out line production, must adopt the defect of labeling after plastic bottle filling or the puzzlement of the cover target mode of production, and label preparing technology, plastic containers and the application thereof of the plastic containers of a kind of high-quality, safety, environmental protection are provided.The present invention is special, and the label preparing technology printing firmness of selecting is high, and dissolvent residual is low, can meet food packaging safety hygienic requirements, can also adapt to well the follow-up filling automatic production line of liquid beverage cleaning and sterilizing simultaneously.
The present inventor attempts the technique of direct serigraphy after conventional bottle blowing to directly apply to the filling production lines of liquid beverage, and this trial ends in failure.On the one hand, the filling production lines of beverage is that plastic bottle sterilization system on line immersion bubble, aseptic water washing, filtrated air are filling again after drying up, plastic bottle inside medicining liquid dipping, outside for thimerosal rinse, thimerosal is used hot acidic aqueous solution conventionally, as peracetic acid soln.This sterilization process requires the ink firmness after plastic bottle printing very high, can stand not fade after hot acidic disinfectant cleaning and sterilizing operation, and not deinking, the firmness of conventional solvent type ink does not meet the aseptic requirement of beverage filling.On the other hand, disinfectant has the automatic recovery and concentration determination system, to ensure concentration stabilize and the efficient bactericidal effect of disinfectant.If there is printing-ink to come off, or printing solvent volatilization or dissolving, may pollute the disinfectant circulatory system, affect germ-free condition and the Product Safety of filling apparatus.In addition, the safety in production of packaging for foodstuff also has higher requirements to dissolvent residual, General Requirements packaging material dissolvent residual total amount≤5mg/m
2, wherein benzene kind solvent is residual must not detect (< 0.01mg/m
2).The conventional silk-screen printing techniques such as existing daily chemical products plastics package, electronic product plastics package, carry out in filling technique without carrying out online plastic bottle cleaning and sterilizing process for sterilizing owing to adopting those packagings, less demanding to solvent residual amount, therefore generally adopt solvent type ink to carry out serigraphy.And the safety in production of food is very high to the solvent residual amount requirement of packaging for foodstuff, therefore use the silk-screen printing technique of solvent type ink to be difficult to meet the minimum sanitary index requirement of packaging for foodstuff.
Inventor and then start with from the ink trade mark and formula, carries out specially treated and modification for the material of stock to its surface simultaneously, by a large amount of tests, finally coordinates the use of other techniques to obtain the technical scheme solving the problems of the technologies described above.
The invention provides a kind of label preparing technology of plastic containers; Described label preparing technology comprises the steps: that effects on surface tension force is PET (PETG) the plastic containers location of 44-52dyn/cm, carries out serigraphy, then carries out that ultraviolet light is instantaneous to be solidified; The ink of described serigraphy is ultraviolet curing ink, wherein contains light trigger; The silk screen of the described serigraphy net tension force that stretches tight is 25-35N/cm.
In the present invention, the surface tension of described PET plastic containers is preferably 48-50dyn/cm.
In the present invention, the method for operating that the surface tension of described PET plastic containers is adjusted into 44-52dyn/cm is this area routine, is preferably surface treatment.Wherein, described surface treatment is preferably sided corona treatment or 60 DEG C of following flame treatment.Described PET plastic containers are carried out after described surface treatment, preferably, after surface treatment completes, in 1 hour, complete serigraphy.
In the present invention, before described location, preferably also cleaning is carried out in the surface of described PET plastic containers.
In the present invention, the mode of described location is this area routine, and in the time that described PET plastic containers are square bottle or flat bottle, the mode of described location is preferably groove location, draw-in groove location or IR location.In the time that described PET plastic containers are round bottle, the mode of described location is preferably draw-in groove location or IR location.
In the present invention, the silk screen of described serigraphy is preferably polyester capillaries half tone or nylon yarn half tone.Wherein, the sizing grid of described silk screen is this area routine, is preferably 350-420 order/inch.The screen frame of described serigraphy is this area routine, is preferably Aluminum Hollow section bar screen frame.
In the present invention, in described serigraphy, while adopting tensometer to detect to silk screen, preferably, after the net that stretches tight, place 48 hours silk screens and stretch tight net tension stability within the scope of 25-35N/cm.
In the present invention, described ultraviolet curing ink preferably comprises Ten Japanese bar RC PES-B ink or the solid ink of French Doby (DUBUIT) UV light.In described ultraviolet curing ink, the content of described light trigger is this area routine, and preferably for being not more than 10%, described percentage is the mass percent that accounts for described ultraviolet curing ink.Described light trigger is for the instantaneous curing technique of described ultraviolet light, and its kind is preferably light trigger TPO (full name is 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphine oxide).
In the present invention, the instantaneous curing time of described ultraviolet light is this area routine, preferably for being not more than 1s.
In the present invention, in the time not folding look in the label of described PET plastic containers, the number of times of the label printing technique of described PET plastic containers is preferably 1 time.In the time there is folded look in the label of described PET plastic containers, the number of times of the label printing technique of described PET plastic containers is depending on the quantity of the ink colors of composition label.The label printing technique of described PET plastic containers is preferably for to carry out label printing technique by light color to dark order according to ink colors,, first complete a kind of label printing technique of ink of low haze, complete again the label printing technique of the ink of lower a kind of color, until the completing of the label printing technique of last a kind of dark colour ink, to realize multicolor overprint.
The plastic containers that the present invention also provides above-mentioned label preparing technology to make.
The present invention also provides the application of above-mentioned plastic containers in the sterile filling production technology of liquid beverage.
The sterile filling production technology of described liquid beverage is this area routine, comprising the operation that adopts peracetic acid soln to soak described plastic containers.
Meeting on the basis of this area general knowledge, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can be combined, and obtains the preferred embodiments of the invention.
Agents useful for same of the present invention and raw material be commercially available obtaining all.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is: label preparing technology printing firmness provided by the invention is high, can adapt to the filling automatic production line of rear road liquid beverage cleaning and sterilizing; Its mode of printing is UV printing, and dissolvent residual is low, can meet food packaging safety hygienic requirements; Without labeling or cover mark, the packing of product is attractive in appearance succinct, environmental protection and lowered packaging material cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Mode below by embodiment further illustrates the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, according to conventional method and condition, or selects according to catalogue.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the label of PET round bottle is made up of three kinds of stacked colors.The label preparing technology of PET round bottle comprises the steps: after testing, the surface tension of PET round bottle is within the scope of 44-52dyn/cm, therefore without PET round bottle is carried out to surface preparation, draw-in groove location is carried out in the bottle end of PET round bottle after bottle blowing, carry out serigraphy, carry out again ultraviolet light instantaneous curing.
Wherein, the ink of described serigraphy is Ten Japanese bar RC PES-B ink and light trigger TPO.The silk screen of the described serigraphy net tension force that stretches tight is 30N/cm; The silk screen of described serigraphy is nylon yarn half tone, and the sizing grid of silk screen is 350 order/inches.
The label printing technique of PET round bottle is to carry out label printing technique by light color to dark order according to ink colors,, first complete a kind of serigraphy and ultraviolet light instantaneous curing (solidifying power is 130W/cm) of ink of low haze, complete again serigraphy and the ultraviolet light instantaneous curing (solidifying power is 150W/cm) of the ink of lower a kind of color, until the serigraphy of last a kind of dark colour ink and ultraviolet light is instantaneous solidifies completing of (solidifying power being 170W/cm), to realize multicolor overprint.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the step of the label preparing technology of described PET plastic containers and parameter are all with embodiment 1, and difference is: described PET plastic containers are the square bottle of PET, and its label is made up of three kinds of ink of not folding look; The sizing grid of the silk screen of described serigraphy is 420 order/inches, and the silk screen net tension force that stretches tight is 25N/cm; Described locate mode is for droping to the ground fixing by square PET bottle; The number of times of the label printing technique of the square bottle of described PET is 1 time, and wherein, the instantaneous curing power of ultraviolet light is 170W/cm.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the step of the label preparing technology of described PET plastic containers and parameter are all with embodiment 1, and difference is: the ink of described serigraphy is the solid ink of the special UV light of French Doby and light trigger TPO.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the step of the label preparing technology of described PET plastic containers and parameter are all with embodiment 1, difference is: the ink of the serigraphy of PET plastic containers is solvent type ink, and particularly, ink adopts Jiangmen Japan SSPE bis-liquid response type screen printing inks; Meanwhile, the serigraphy production cycle is long, and curing is that drying tunnel solidifies, and must enter drying tunnel and solidify after all colours finishes printing, and 60 DEG C of drying tunnel temperatures, more than curing 10-20min.
Result: do not solidify in time afterwards because of every look printing, easily cause different colours stack, picture and text dislocation; After printing, PET plastic containers are after peracetic acid soln soaks, and ink comes off more.
Comparative example 2
In this comparative example, the step of the label preparing technology of described PET plastic containers and parameter are all with embodiment 1, difference is: the surface tension of described PET plastic containers is adjusted in 44-52dyn/cm process, and the temperature of the flame treatment using is for exceeding more than 65 DEG C.
Result: PET plastic containers deform, has a strong impact on appearance and size and the intensity of plastic containers.
Effect embodiment 1
This effect embodiment carries out the dissolvent residual total amount detection of the detection of ink attachment fastness, plastic containers to embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1,2, and the residual total amount of the benzene kind solvent of plastic containers detects.The results are shown in Table shown in 1.
Wherein, ink attachment fastness is for evaluating the ink fastness after printing, with reference to the GB/T12317.7-2009 liquid ink attachment fastness method of inspection.Concrete method of testing is as follows: bottle printing, after 2 hours, in 50 DEG C of 2000ppm concentration peroxide acetate aqueous solutions, is soaked 5min, takes out, and dries, and the 3M cellotape that is 19mm with width, at printing-ink position, comes and goes sticky pressure 3 times.Open adhesive tape, cover and taken off surface with the translucent millimeter ruled paper of wide 20mm, number goes out the shared lattice number of ink layer and the shared lattice number of ink layer of being thrown off, and calculates ink attachment fastness.
The detection method of the dissolvent residual total amount of plastic containers is with reference to QB/T2929-2008 solvent type ink solvent residual amount limitation and assay method thereof.
The detection method of the residual total amount of benzene kind solvent of plastic containers is with reference to QB/T2929-2008 solvent type ink solvent residual amount limitation and assay method thereof.
According to this area routine, the standard of packaging for foodstuff is generally set with reference to the standard of GB/T24571-2009PET bottle sterilized cold penetration package production line, it is generally acknowledged: ink attachment fastness>=99% is for suitable; Printing on bottles dissolvent residual total amount should < 5mg/m
2, wherein the residual total amount of benzene kind solvent should < 0.01mg/m
2.The not printing on bottles in above-mentioned standard, because meeting the aseptic requirement of filling production lines, and cannot be applied to industrial production.As shown in table 1, the plastic containers that embodiment 1-3 makes can meet above-mentioned requirements, and the ink attachment fastness of the plastic containers that comparative example 1 makes reduces greatly, cannot be applied to the production of liquid beverage.
Table 1 embodiment 1-3 and comparative example's 1 effect data
Claims (10)
1. a label preparing technology for plastic containers, is characterized in that, described label preparing technology comprises the steps: that effects on surface tension force is the PET plastic containers location of 44-52dyn/cm, carries out serigraphy, then carries out that ultraviolet light is instantaneous to be solidified; The ink of described serigraphy is ultraviolet curing ink, wherein contains light trigger; The silk screen of the described serigraphy net tension force that stretches tight is 25-35N/cm.
2. label preparing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the surface tension of described PET plastic containers is 48-50dyn/cm.
3. label preparing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the method for operating that the surface tension of described PET plastic containers is adjusted into 44-52dyn/cm is surface treatment; Wherein, described surface treatment is preferably sided corona treatment or 60 DEG C of following flame treatment; And/or, described PET plastic containers are carried out after surface treatment, preferably, after completing, surface treatment completes serigraphy in 1 hour.
4. label preparing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in the time that described PET plastic containers are square bottle or flat bottle, the mode of described location is groove location, draw-in groove location or IR location; In the time that described PET plastic containers are round bottle, the mode of described location is draw-in groove location or IR location.
5. label preparing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the silk screen of described serigraphy is polyester capillaries half tone or nylon yarn half tone; And/or the sizing grid of described silk screen is 350-420 order/inch; And/or the screen frame of described serigraphy is Aluminum Hollow section bar screen frame.
6. label preparing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described serigraphy, while adopting tensometer to detect, places 48 hours silk screens and stretch tight net tension stability in 25-35N/cm after the net that stretches tight silk screen.
7. label preparing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described ultraviolet curing ink comprises Ten Japanese bar RC PES-B ink or the solid ink of French Doby UV light; And/or in described ultraviolet curing ink, the content of described light trigger is for being not more than 10%, described percentage is the mass percent that accounts for described ultraviolet curing ink; And/or described light trigger is light trigger TPO; And/or the instantaneous curing time of described ultraviolet light is for being not more than 1s.
8. the plastic containers that the label preparing technology as described in claim 1-7 any one makes.
9. the application of plastic containers as claimed in claim 8 in the sterile filling production technology of liquid beverage.
10. application as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, the sterile filling production technology of described liquid beverage comprises the operation that adopts peracetic acid soln to soak described plastic containers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410171943.0A CN103909751B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | Label manufacturing process for plastic container, plastic container and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410171943.0A CN103909751B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | Label manufacturing process for plastic container, plastic container and application thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103909751A true CN103909751A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
| CN103909751B CN103909751B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
Family
ID=51035882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410171943.0A Active CN103909751B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | Label manufacturing process for plastic container, plastic container and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103909751B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106898253A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-06-27 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | A kind of nameplate patch and preparation method thereof |
| CN110539566A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-06 | 深圳市刚塑科技有限公司 | TPO surface patterning treatment method |
| CN111688376A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-22 | 杭州迅美塑料制品有限责任公司 | Printing process for gradient-color cosmetic bottle |
| CN114933825A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-23 | 美盈森集团股份有限公司 | Environment-friendly UV (ultraviolet) ink and preparation method thereof, printed water-soluble label and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010042456A1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 2001-11-22 | Kamen Melvin E. | Apparatus and method for direct rotary screen printing radiation curable compositions onto cylindrical articles |
| JP2002019256A (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-23 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd | Plastic container printed by luminous ink and method for printing plastic container |
| JP2002036706A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-06 | Seven Corporation:Kk | Plastic part of game machine and method for printing for plastic part of game machine |
| CN101085578A (en) * | 2007-04-22 | 2007-12-12 | 贝发集团有限公司 | Screen printing technique for polyolefin plastic products |
| CN103465659A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-12-25 | 格林精密部件（惠州）有限公司 | Wear-resistant plastic part printing process |
-
2014
- 2014-04-25 CN CN201410171943.0A patent/CN103909751B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010042456A1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 2001-11-22 | Kamen Melvin E. | Apparatus and method for direct rotary screen printing radiation curable compositions onto cylindrical articles |
| JP2002019256A (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-23 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd | Plastic container printed by luminous ink and method for printing plastic container |
| JP2002036706A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-06 | Seven Corporation:Kk | Plastic part of game machine and method for printing for plastic part of game machine |
| CN101085578A (en) * | 2007-04-22 | 2007-12-12 | 贝发集团有限公司 | Screen printing technique for polyolefin plastic products |
| CN103465659A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-12-25 | 格林精密部件（惠州）有限公司 | Wear-resistant plastic part printing process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈德山: "用光固化油墨网印塑料瓶", 《丝网印刷》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106898253A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-06-27 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | A kind of nameplate patch and preparation method thereof |
| CN110539566A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-06 | 深圳市刚塑科技有限公司 | TPO surface patterning treatment method |
| CN111688376A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-22 | 杭州迅美塑料制品有限责任公司 | Printing process for gradient-color cosmetic bottle |
| CN111688376B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-02-11 | 杭州迅美塑料制品有限责任公司 | Printing process for gradient-color cosmetic bottle |
| CN114933825A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-23 | 美盈森集团股份有限公司 | Environment-friendly UV (ultraviolet) ink and preparation method thereof, printed water-soluble label and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103909751B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103909751A (en) | Label manufacturing process for plastic container, plastic container and application thereof | |
| CN203307684U (en) | Environment-friendly corrugated paperboard | |
| CN101003704A (en) | Composite printing ink of plastic intaglio printing | |
| CN103265843B (en) | Color printing ink for printing heat shrink film labels and preparation method of color printing ink | |
| US6548572B1 (en) | Surface printing inks and coatings for use | |
| CA2760678A1 (en) | Method of using temporary decoration to mass customize refillable glass vessels | |
| US20140218452A1 (en) | Inkjet printing systems for permanent printing on nonporous surfaces | |
| KR20240035393A (en) | Recycled heat shrink film for recycling containers | |
| CN102795009B (en) | Anti-fake printing production technology | |
| BR102015018906A2 (en) | heat transfer technology packaging label manufacturing process with sequential alphanumeric identification codes | |
| EP1813708B1 (en) | Dosing and dispensing device | |
| US20210130633A1 (en) | Thermochromic ink composition for ink jet printing | |
| US20080178637A1 (en) | Dosing and dispensing device | |
| JP2007015747A (en) | Shrinkable label, and pet bottle for beer | |
| MX2008014131A (en) | Method of coating labels on containers. | |
| Athavale | Hand Book of Printing, Packaging and Lamination: Packaging Technology | |
| JP4505875B2 (en) | Synthetic resin molded products with labels formed only by printing | |
| CN105348912B (en) | For printing general environmentally friendly alcohol water type ink of torsion film and preparation method thereof | |
| JP2014108413A (en) | Method of printing information on packaging container surface having tampering prevention performance | |
| White | Labels for packaging | |
| CN108069621A (en) | A kind of recycled beer glass bottle enamel | |
| KR20190039503A (en) | Display body | |
| CN103881474A (en) | High-temperature-resistant yellowing-free ink | |
| CN205818601U (en) | Thermal contractive label film | |
| JP2024044070A (en) | Barrel printing method and barrel printing system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |