CN103907766A - Poultry feed additive, feed containing the same and application thereof - Google Patents
Poultry feed additive, feed containing the same and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a poultry feed additive for increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in poultry meat and eggs. The poultry feed additive contains an algae component, and one or more of the following: agricultural product processing leftovers, an antioxidant or a microecological preparation, wherein the algae component is algae powder and its derivative product. The invention also provides poultry feed containing the additive, and a method for feeding poultry with the additive or feed to increase the content of PUFA in poultry meat and eggs.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of for improving the feed addictive of poultry and birds, beasts and eggs polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, the feed that comprises described additive is provided, and utilizes described additive or the feed bird of feeding to improve the method for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs.
Background technology
Micro-algae is a kind of aquatic phototroph, and it utilizes luminous energy, with CO
2and H
2o carries out the growth of cell as substrate, synthetic protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), essential amino acid etc., be rich in essential amino acid, vitamin, pigment, mineral matter etc., at food, medicine, the fields such as feed have important using value.
In recent years, along with the raising of social life level and the change of people life style, the incidence of disease of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerotic, coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebral embolism rises year by year, occupy the first place of China's cause of death, become " the No.1 killer " of harm humans health and lives.Due to high cholesterol, the more and more high factor of the ratio of higher unsaturated fatty acid food in people's diet structure, make the incidence of disease of hyperlipemia more and more higher, age of onset is also more and more less.Hyperlipidemia be due to fat metabolism or transhipment extremely make the Lipid Concentration in blood plasma abnormal, comprise that serum total cholesterol (TC) raises, triglyceride (TG) raises, and LDL-C (LDL-C) raises or HDL-C (HDL-C) reduces.
The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) being rich in micro-algae has multiple pharmacological effect, and DHA (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) etc. wherein can be used for atherosclerotic, coronary heart disease and vasodilator, anti-platelet aggregation and the anti thrombotic action due to prevention and treatment high fat of blood.EPA and DHA all belong to the Omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acid of needed by human, DHA effectively prevents cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease to occur, have the effect of healthy intelligence, EPA can help to reduce the content of cholesterol and triglycerides simultaneously, promotes saturated fat acid metabolic in body.
Studies have shown that, correctly adjust blood lipid level and can effectively reduce the M & M of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.Most methods that reduce blood cholesterol levels clinically, need to strictly keep on a diet and depend on medicine, and current blood lipid-lowering medicine is evident in efficacy to the hyperlipidemia of a certain type often, and the side effect of blood lipid-lowering medicine also makes its application be subject to restriction to a certain degree.If the micro-algae that contains PUFA by interpolation or extract, in food, just can reduce triglycerides, cholesterol levels in serum, beyond doubt very attractive.
Poultry is the shorter animal of a kind of alimentary canal, digest and assimilate fast, utilize this feature, the raw material of various PUFA and precursor substance thereof will be rich in, add in feed and carry out short-term strengthening, can improve the content of the PUFA in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs, can be used as thus a kind of daily edible food with health care, for utilization and the raising healthy food source of algae powder provide new approach, various documents are also supported this occupation mode.
Prior art also attempts improving the content of the PUFA poultry and birds, beasts and eggs from many aspects, for example, improve the content of PUFA in poultry meat and birds, beasts and eggs by directly adding PUFA in bird feed, but, because PUFA is easily oxidized and causes effect poor, and can bring very strong taste and/or smell as PUFA source owing to using low-quality PUFA source as fish, fish meal or fish oil, often the taste of feed and/or meat is had to adverse effect, this demand to high quality P UFA source certainly will cause high cost.
At present, have the utilization of bibliographical information algae powder on poultry, but conclusion differs.If Liu Lixiao is " adding the impact research on Fatty Acid in Muscle Tissues of Chicken composition of linseed oil and the microalgae powder dregs of rice " (2009 in daily ration, nutrient fodder) and " being rich in the research of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid chicken " (2007, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's master thesis) in add the document that improves n-3PUFA in chicken containing the algae of DHA or the algae dregs of rice, but effect is undesirable; Other document is mainly to add spirulina, brown alga or other large-scale algae to improve chicken growth performance.Abroad, S.Carrillo is at " Potential use of seaweeds in the laying hen rationto improve the quality of n-3fatty acid enriched eggs2 " (2008, NineteenthInternational Seaweed Symposium) in utilize marine alga to strengthen the function of fish oil, improve 3-PUFA content in egg; Ariel Ginzberg in " Chickens fed with biomass of the redmicroalga Porphyridium sp.have reduced blood cholesterol level and modifiedfatty acid composition in egg yolk " (2000, Journal of Applied Phycology) with purple ball algae reduction chicken blood and cholesterol content in eggs, simultaneously improve yolk in linoleic acid and arachidonic level; During Silvia.Carrillo describes and utilizes algae in " n-3Fatty acid content in eggs laid by hens fedwith marine algae and sardine oil and stored at different times andtemperatures " (2012, J Appl Phycol), contained oxidation resistant material improves the egg shelf-life that fish oil is fed.
The object of application for a patent for invention CN200910193736.4 is to provide protein raw materials source, does not clearly mention the function in its application; Application for a patent for invention CN98809331 prepares protein peptides feed with the algae dregs of rice; After application for a patent for invention CN200910226049.8 adopts schizochytrium limacinum and phaffiafhodozyma to mix for eel culture; U.S. Patent application US20090864399 and US2011138682A1 are for the cultivation of a kind of grid algae, results and processing, and its application is just simply mentioned in background narration, clearly do not mention its function.In addition, patent CN98809331.6 (the patentee: Martek Biosciences Boulder Corp. who has authorized, the applying date: on August 14th, 1998) a kind of Ω of raising-3HUFA method in conjunction with rate in poultry meat is provided, give the more Ω-3HUFA of a large amount of poultry feeding in the later stage of campaign of poultry than early stage, emphasis is a kind of system of feeding.This patent is take meat chick as object, the first 5 weeks low ratios of feeding, the latter 2 weeks a high proportion of Ω-3HUFA that feed, object be improve Ω-3HUFA in poultry meat in conjunction with rate, i.e. the one system of feeding.Specific to being that the dry Schizochytrium sp of employing is raw material in embodiment, be processed into pellet, carry out feeding of 2 stages, calculate the combination rate of Ω-3HUFA in poultry meat under this system of feeding by detecting Fresh Grade Breast Ω-3HUFA content.Patent CN98809331.6 has the following disadvantages: what 1, this patent was laid special stress on protecting is the system of feeding, not clear and definite to key technologies such as feed formula, processing, storages; 2, the raw material range that contains Ω-3HUFA is excessive and fuzzy, the plant, animal, the microorganism that contain Ω-3HUFA in discussion, are contained, but only the clear and definite raw material using is Schizochytrium sp in embodiment, some in literary composition, are also got rid of and can change into the raw material of the precursor substance of DHA; 3, raw material is take DHA as index, and result, take Ω-3HUFA as index, exists deviation; 4, the raw material dosage using in test is fuzzy, and DHA content in raw material has only been described; 5, this patent is for the meat chicken process of feeding, and laying hen is emphasized.And, this patent is in the time mentioning this part of microbial bacteria (algae), only emphasize that it is the raw material that contains Ω-3HUFA, unify to introduce from use opportunity and result of use aspect, do not have emphasis to set forth the details of its use processing method, proportioning, points for attention etc. and so on, and think, although micro-algae provides a kind of Ω-3HUFA source of stable natural embedding, they will manually operated condition as fermentation tank in growth be quite expensive.
Therefore, at present for providing one can effectively improve (PUFA) content of unrighted acid in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs and the low feed of cost exists active demand.
Summary of the invention
The object of this patent is to provide a kind of feed addictive that improves poultry and quality of poultry eggs, and a kind of feed that comprises described additive is provided, and specifically comprises the bird feed of described additive.Bird feed additive of the present invention and the bird feed that comprises it can effectively improve the content of main polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the meat of bird of edible described bird feed and egg, become thereby make to cultivate like this poultry that obtains and birds, beasts and eggs the attractive food that is effective to reduce blood fat and cholesterol, prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
The present invention also provides the method that improves the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs.
In a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to a kind of natural feed addictive that improves PUFA in poultry meat and birds, beasts and eggs, main component is phycobiont, is mainly algae powder and derivative product thereof; Auxiliary material can be one or more in leftover bits and pieces, antioxidant or the probiotics of processing of farm products, and wherein the addition of the leftover bits and pieces of processing of farm products is 1～2 times of described phycobiont weight, and its particle size is 60 order～1000 orders; The addition of one or more antioxidants is 0.01%～0.05% of described phycobiont weight; The addition of one or more probioticses is 0.01%～0.05% of described phycobiont weight.
Wherein, phycobiont can derive from Nannochloropsis oculata, chlorella, split kettle algae, haematococcus pluvialis, blunt top spirulina or their any combination.The form of phycobiont comprises, but be not limited to, former algae powder, wall cell disruption powder, algae-residue are (for example, milling process is carried the algae-residue after oil), the algae dregs of rice (for example, extraction is carried the algae dregs of rice after oil), algae oil microcapsule powder or algae extract (for example, chlorella growth factor etc.), etc.
Nannochloropsis oculata, chlorella, the ash content, moisture, albumen and the fat that split kettle algae, haematococcus pluvialis, a former algae powder of top spirulina are respectively 11.6%, 4.9%, 21.1%, 45.8%, 9.5%, 5.2%, 43%, 18.5%, 8.6%, 4.3%, 46%, 19%, 6.7%, 5.5%, 24.8%, 37.5%, and 6.4%, 5.6%, 62.1%, 14.5%; In algae oil microcapsule powder, contain DHA+AA or EPA+AA content reaches 12.1%; In the algae dregs of rice, albumen is 54.7%.
The leftover bits and pieces of processing of farm products refers to the plant that can not be eaten by people after elementary processing, animal, microorganism and products thereof part, there is the meaning of well known to a person skilled in the art, for example, but be not limited to wheat bran, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, rapeseed dregs, husk, rice bran, maize straw, alfalfa meal etc.In bird feed additive of the present invention, the addition of the leftover bits and pieces of processing of farm products is 1～2 times of phycobiont weight, and its particle size is 60 order～1000 orders.
Described antioxidant can be selected from ethoxyquinoline, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, fourth hydroxyl methoxy benzene, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis or their any combination, and its addition is 0.01%～0.05% of phycobiont weight.
Described probiotics can be selected from lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus fecalis, Bifidobacterium or their any combination, and its addition is 0.01%～0.05% of phycobiont weight.
The adding proportion of above-mentioned natural feed addictive in bird basal feed be bird day feed gross mass 0.5%～10%, preferably 1%～5%, more preferably 2%～4.5%.The content of main PUFA in the poultry of the edible this feed of raising and birds, beasts and eggs, supplementary antioxidant and probiotics, not only extended the feed shelf-life but also improved utilization rate.
It is comprehensive that natural feed addictive of the present invention has nutritional labeling, food calling power is strong, promote bird Fast Growth, reduce feed coefficient and feeding cost, strengthen resistance against diseases and the immunity of bird, particularly egg fowl, improve survival rate and laying rate, especially the content that effectively increases main PUFA in birds, beasts and eggs and poultry is a kind of natural green feed additive.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a kind of feed that comprises above-mentioned additive is provided, specifically bird feed, described bird feed comprises the bird feed additive described in first aspect present invention, the addition of described additive in bird feed be bird day feed gross mass 0.5%～10%, preferably 1%～5%, more preferably 2%～4.5%.
In a third aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method that improves polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs, described method comprises: bird produce start when first egg with bird feed of the present invention (, the bird feed that comprises bird feed additive of the present invention), it is the bird initial time of laying eggs, extremely will eliminate the last fortnight of described bird time, stop using bird feed of the present invention to feed, use normal diet instead and feed.
In addition, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that bird feed of the present invention is also applicable to poultry, can improve poultry (, cultivation object is not the bird for laying eggs) meat polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content.Therefore, the present invention also provides a kind of method that improves polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in poultry, described method comprises: with bird feed of the present invention (, the bird feed that comprises bird feed additive of the present invention) bird of feeding, to to slaughter described bird the last fortnight time stop using bird feed of the present invention to feed, use normal diet instead and feed.
Bird feed additive of the present invention, bird feed and bird feeding method are applicable to various birds, include, but not limited to chicken, turkey, duck, goose, quail, pigeon etc.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, the invention provides one and prepare the method that improves the natural feed of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in poultry meat and birds, beasts and eggs, described method comprises the steps:
(1) Nannochloropsis oculata, chlorella adopt sea water medium cultivation, haematococcus pluvialis and blunt top spirulina adopt the cultivation of fresh water culture medium, in raceway pond reactor, plastic bag type reactor or glass plate frame reactor, cultivate 7 days, split kettle algae and adopt heterotrophic fermentation mode to produce.Blunt top spirulina is used washed with de-ionized water 3 times after adopting 300 order steel screen filtrations, other algae liquid utilizes disc-type DHC500 type centrifuge to collect, rotating speed 4500r/min, be concentrated into concentration 10%～15%, centrifugal after stirring by 3 times of volumes of deionized water again, repeat 3 times, the algae liquid of finally collecting is sprayed dry, 180 ℃～190 ℃ of air intakes, 80 ℃～85 ℃ of air-out can obtain required raw material algae powder.
(2) getting raw material algae powder adds in vibromill, abrasive media is rod iron shape, in vibromill, grinding rod pack completeness is 50%, the mass ratio of grinding media and algae powder is 40: 1, open vibromill micro-algae is carried out to broken wall, milling time is 30 minutes, and logical recirculated water carries out coolingly simultaneously, can obtain broken wall algae powder.
(3) will in above-mentioned raw materials algae powder or broken wall algae powder, add water or the ethanol water of 3 times of weight, stir at 40 ℃ and extract 2h, the centrifugal 10min of 4500r/min, after supernatant concentration, 50 ℃ of vacuum drying, get final product to obtain the water extract of algae, after residue drying and crushing the algae dregs of rice.
(4) getting raw material algae powder and ethanol (w/v=1/4) adds in vibromill, abrasive media is rod iron shape, in vibromill, grinding rod pack completeness is 80%, the mass ratio of grinding media and algae powder is 60: 1, opening vibromill grinds, time 1.5h, logical recirculated water carries out cooling, after broken wall completes, micro-algae homogenate that taking-up contains ethanol, add the n-hexane of 2 times of algae grain weight amounts, stir and extract 30min, extract 40 ℃ of temperature, after stratification, collect and mix oil phase, carry out, after solvent evaporation recovery, obtaining algae crude oil; After algae-residue is dry, be the algae dregs of rice.
(5) converted starch or Arabic gum mix with water and are made into 30% solution, then add algae crude oil (V/V=1/1), with high-shear emulsion machine 25000r/min emulsification 10min, use again the homogenizer homogeneous 5 minutes of pressure position 56Mpa, solution spray after homogeneous is dry, 180 ℃～185 ℃ of air intakes, 80 ℃～85 ℃ of air-out are algae oil microcapsule powder.
(6) antioxidant, probiotics are market sale matured product, after buying back, preserve according to storage practice.
(7) according to edible 150g feed of laying hen day, weigh the algae powder of day edible feed total amount 1%～5% part by weight, weigh again the antioxidant of 0.01%～0.05% algae powder part by weight, the probiotics of 0.01%～0.05% algae grain weight amount, after being uniformly mixed, the last agricultural byproduct that adds again 1～2 times of algae powder part by weight, mixes, checks, weighs, vacuum packaging, is the feedstuff additive product of PUFA in the raising poultry meat of production and egg.
Useful technique effect of the present invention:
Because PUFA is a dynamic change procedure in algae and in poultry body.In algae powder except the fat that contains PUFA, also be rich in the PUFA precursor substance that can be converted in a large number PUFA in the alimentary canal of animal, proteins,vitamins,minerals, essential amino acid etc., after the edible algae powder of bird, it is mutually collaborative that these materials act in bird body.Nearly 2 years, the inventor was with deriving from the algae powder of different algae kinds or its derived product laying hen of feeding, result verification effect of this bird feed additive.
Particularly, compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has following advantage:
1. compared with the art methods of the algae-residue that directly adds fish oil, fish meal or contain PUFA in bird feed, the present invention adopts that plurality of raw materials is composite, low dosage, matching while using, effectively overcome PUFA easily oxidation cause the poor shortcoming of effect.As: containing the broken wall algae powder effect of PUFA significantly, add natural and extend the shelf life, PUFA is carried out microcapsule embedded etc.
2. the material composition that prior art is added is single, and trophic function is limited, and the microalgae powder that the present invention uses is rich in multiple nutrients material, as vitamin, mineral matter, albumen, fat, can improve feed efficiency comprehensively.
3. less and price is high gradually containing the abundant raw material of PUFA in prior art, as fish oil, purple perilla wet goods, raw material of the present invention, except containing PUFA composition, also contains the precursor substance of synthetic PUFA, and various informative, as oleic acid, linoleic acid.
4. due to frustule wall thickness, often do not digest and assimilate in animal body with regard to directly eliminating is external, cause service efficiency to reduce.The present invention is by replenishing probiotics, and the enzymatic of secretion decomposes frustule wall on the one hand, and all right regulating intestinal canal microorganism species, improves animal intestinal digestive function on the other hand, improves the digestive utilization ratio of algae.And, probiotics has the effect of one or more fungus strains in replacement or balanced ecosystem, contribute to regulate nerve conduction and enzyme system balancing machine to produce specific antibody etc., and can effectively affect host by maintaining enteron aisle balance, improve abilities of digestive and absorption and the immunologic function of animal metabolism ability, feed, thus the effect of performance control disease of digestive tract and promotion growth.
5. the feed that contains unrighted acid of the prior art is easily oxidized, and the shelf-life is short.The present invention adopts multiple antioxidant form head it off, as add antioxidant and other natural etc. that widely used antioxidant in feed, algae itself are rich in, effectively stop the Oxidative demage of PUFA, vitamin A, pigment, extended sale and the shelf-life of feed.
5. to add the product major function of PUFA be to improve the speed of growth of animal to bibliographical information, describes ambiguous or effect is not remarkable to the effect using.The present invention, by many experiments and sufficient data, illustrates effect and the effect of algae, has realistic meaning.
6. common poultry and the alimentation of eggs that sell market are at present worth low.In poultry after feeding with feed of the present invention and birds, beasts and eggs, the various and content of nutriment composition all increases, and as lecithin, PUFA, harmful substance contents reduces simultaneously, as cholesterol, can balance poultry meat, egg nutrition, and improve nutritive value.
7. the required Easy dosing of feed formula providing in the present invention, source is wide, and cost is low.
8. the feed production technology providing in the present invention is simple, the final vacuum that stirs encapsulation.
As can be seen here, innovative point of the present invention is:
1, the composition comprehensive nutrition that algae raw material and auxiliary material are mixed to get, has complementary functions.
2, special preprocessing method of raw materials, as algae powder broken wall, algae oil microcapsule powder.
3, auxiliary material contributes to digesting and assimilating and utilizing of algae raw material, and as probiotics improves the digestibility of algae, antioxidant or the contained polyphenoils of algae powder extend the shelf life etc.
4, required Easy dosing in feed formula, source is wide, and cost is low.
The initial time of feeding of the feed that 5, comprises additive of the present invention is bird while laying eggs first, and bird production performance declines and need to eliminate first 2 weeks of this population time, stops the feed that use comprises additive of the present invention and feed, and uses normal diet instead and feeds.
6, feed has the function that improves one or more main PUFA content in birds, beasts and eggs, poultry, fowl blood.
7, production technology is special, simple, as raw material need to add in order and mix, when use, mixes with basal feed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention will be more obvious, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the preparation process of bird feed of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Further describe the present invention below with reference to specific embodiment, but it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments.
In following examples, all carry out according to the common process flow process of this area about cultivation and the extraction etc. of algae.
The former algae powder of embodiment 1
Nannochloropsis oculata (Nannochloropsis oculata) is purchased from Inst of Huanghai Sea Marine Products, Chinese Academy of Aquatic Product Science, and its registration number is C1502, adopts autotrophy mode to cultivate, and obtains through concentrated, desalination, after being dried.
Accurately take Nannochloropsis oculata powder 9Kg (1 laying hen * 150g/ days * 2%), 11Kg corn flour face stirs 30 minutes to evenly, makes bird feed additive 1, use aluminium foil bag Vacuum Package, normal temperature preservation, specification 1Kg/ bag.
Raise 600 of 150 days left and right laying hens for same batch, be equally divided into 6 cages, 100, every cage, before experiment with the pre-raising of commercially available common bird feed 7 days.Select at random 3 cages as a control group, remaining 3 cages are experimental group.The experimental group 2 bags of algae powder feed additives of feeding every day, fully mix with basal diet before feeding, and additive 1 accounts for 4.4% of fowl day feed gross mass, and wherein Nannochloropsis oculata powder accounts for 2% of fowl day feed gross mass.Daytime continues to throw something and feed, and carries out 21 days, and control group feeding does not add the feed of algae flour additive agent.Record during this time laying rate of laying hen, egg average weight, when experiment finishes, every group of 3 of random choose slaughtered, and analyzes the contamination of main polyunsaturated fatty acid in different parts meat and blood.
The main algae powder of table .1 constituent
Table .2 basis day feedstuff kind and adding proportion
* " mixed feed " purchased from Pu Ruina feed corporation,Ltd, trade name is " chicken mixed feed in grass ".
Table .3 laying rate and egg size
The content (accounting for yolk % dry weight) of main unrighted acid in table .4 egg
Feed the group laying rate of the feed that comprises additive 1 (comprising former algae powder and corn flour) as shown in Table 3 higher than control group, and from table 4, in the yolk of the algae powder group of feeding, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids content all declines; In unrighted acid, arachidonic acid reduces by 17.56%, and linoleic acid increases by 51.04%, DHA increase, 26.55%, EPA and grows out of nothing.Under the system of feeding of patent CN98809331.6, lack the variation explanation of PUFA in birds, beasts and eggs.So feed, Nannochloropsis oculata powder can effectively improve unsaturated fatty acid content, reduces saturated fatty acid content.
Embodiment 2 wall cell disruption powders+antioxidant
Chlorella (chlorella sp) is purchased from Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and registration number is FACHB-1298, adopts autotrophy mode to cultivate, and through concentrated, the desalination, dry of routine, ultramicro grinding mode is carried out broken wall, sporoderm-broken rate >=95%.
Get the chlorella powder 9Kg (1 laying hen * 150g/ days * 2%) of broken wall, Butylated Hydroxytoluene 2.7g (9Kg*0.03%, a kind of antioxidant), in pony mixer, stir after 10 minutes, add again 11Kg corn flour face and continue to stir 30 minutes to evenly, make bird feed additive 2, use aluminium foil bag Vacuum Package, normal temperature is preserved, specification 1Kg/ bag.
Animal select, divide into groups, feed mode, sampling is equal to embodiment 1.Additive 2 accounts for 4.0% of bird day feed gross mass, and wherein chlorella powder accounts for 2% of bird day feed gross mass.
Table .5 laying rate and egg size
The content (% dry weight) of main unrighted acid in table .6 egg
From table 5 and table 6, to feed after breaking wall of chlorella powder, laying rate, egg size, main unrighted acid are all improved to some extent.
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .7 chicken leg meat
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .8 chicken blood
From table .7 and table .8, the main unrighted acid in each position of chicken of the feed that comprises additive 2 (comprising breaking wall of chlorella powder and antioxidant and corn flour) of feeding has significant variation, in chicken leg meat higher than control group, in chicken blood change less, a little more than control group.Especially the linoleic acid content in chicken leg meat is 301% of control group, and main PUFA all changes, and as alpha-linolenic acid in chicken blood grows out of nothing, the kind that adopts feed addictive 2 can optimize PUFA in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs is described.Patent CN98809331.6 feeds under system, and the combination rate of Ω-3HUFA is than high by 50% under control group fed system.
The embodiment 3 algae dregs of rice+probioticses
Split kettle algae (schizochytrium sp.) purchased from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, it is numbered CCTC No.M209059, and algae powder is to adopt heterotrophic fermentation to produce, and algae powder obtains splitting the kettle algae dregs of rice after extracting grease.Probiotics is " intestinal motive force " product that adopts Bang Shifu bio tech ltd, Beijing to produce, and main component is that 6 strain beneficial bacteriums (clostridium butyricum, Bacillus acidi lactici, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus natto, saccharomycete) and 3 kinds of functional polysaccharides (xylo-oligosaccharide, FOS, shitosan) are composited.
Get and split kettle algae dregs of rice 18Kg (1 laying hen * 150g/ days * 4%), probiotics 3.6g (18Kg*0.02%), in pony mixer, stir after 10 minutes, add again 2Kg sesame cake meal and continue to stir 30 minutes to even, make bird feed additive 3, use aluminium foil bag Vacuum Package, normal temperature is preserved, specification 1Kg/ bag.
Animal select, divide into groups, feed mode, sampling is equal to embodiment 1.Additive 3 accounts for 4.4% of bird day feed gross mass, wherein splits the kettle algae dregs of rice and accounts for 4% of fowl day feed gross mass.
Table .9 laying rate and egg size
The content (DW%) of main unrighted acid in table .10 egg
From table 9 and table 10, experimental group laying rate of laying hen and the single piece of egg weight average that splits the kettle algae dregs of rice and probiotics of feeding is better than control group, in egg main unsaturated fatty acid content also higher than control group, especially arachidonic acid and DHA.
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .11 chicken leg meat
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .12 chicken blood
From table 11 and table 12, the main unrighted acid in each position of chicken of the feed that comprises additive 3 (comprise and split the kettle algae dregs of rice and probiotics and corn flour) of feeding has significant variation, and in chicken leg meat and chicken blood, total fat and main unrighted acid are all higher than control group.
Embodiment 4 algae oil microcapsule powder+antioxidants
Split kettle algae (schizochytrium sp.) purchased from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, it is numbered CCTC No.M209059, adopts heterotrophic fermentation mode to produce, and the algae oil of extraction carries out microcapsule embedded.Cultivation and extraction and microcapsule embeddedly all carry out according to a conventional method.
Get algae oil microcapsule powder 4.5Kg (1 laying hen * 150g/ days * 1%), fourth hydroxyl methoxy benzene 1.8g (4.5*0.04%, a kind of antioxidant), in pony mixer, stir after 10 minutes, add again 15.5Kg bran powder and continue to stir 30 minutes to evenly, make bird feed additive 4, use aluminium foil bag Vacuum Package, normal temperature is preserved, specification 1Kg/ bag.
Animal select, divide into groups, feed mode, sampling is equal to embodiment 1.Additive 4 accounts for 4.4% of bird day feed gross mass, and wherein algae oil microcapsule powder accounts for 1% of fowl day feed gross mass.
Table .13 laying rate and egg size
The content (DW%) of main unrighted acid in table .14 egg
From table 13 and table 14, experimental group laying rate of laying hen and the single piece of egg weight average of algae oil microcapsule powder of feeding is better than control group, in egg, main unsaturated fatty acid content is also higher than control group, and especially the content of arachidonic acid and DHA is 2～3 times of control group.
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .15 chicken leg meat
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .16 chicken blood
From table .15 and table .16, the main unrighted acid in each position of chicken of the feed that comprises additive 4 (comprising algae oil microcapsule powder and antioxidant and corn flour) of feeding has significant variation, in Fresh Grade Breast, each index is lower than control group, and in chicken leg meat and chicken blood, total fat and main unrighted acid are all higher than control group.
Embodiment 5 algae extract+probioticses
Chlorella (chlorella sp) is numbered purchased from Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: FACHB-1298, adopts autotrophy mode to cultivate, through concentrated, desalination, dry.With 50% ethanol water of 4 times of chlorella weight, 40 ℃ are stirred extraction 2h, and centrifugal 20 minutes of 4500r/min, gets supernatant, according to identical condition, residue is repeated to extract 1 time, merges extract concentrate drying and obtains algae extract.
Get chlorella powder extract 4.5Kg (1 laying hen * 150g/ days * 1%), probiotics 0.9g (4.5*0.02%), in pony mixer, stir after 10 minutes, add again 15.5Kg bran powder and continue to stir 30 minutes to even, make bird feed additive 5, use aluminium foil bag Vacuum Package, normal temperature is preserved, specification 1Kg/ bag.
Animal select, divide into groups, feed mode, sampling is equal to embodiment 1.Additive 5 accounts for 4.4% of bird day feed gross mass, and wherein chlorella powder extract accounts for 1% of fowl day feed gross mass.
Table .17 laying rate and egg size
The content (DW%) of main unrighted acid in table .18 egg
From table 17 and table 18, experimental group laying rate of laying hen and the single piece of egg weight average of the feed that comprises additive 5 (comprising chlorella extract and probiotics and corn flour) of feeding is better than control group, in egg, main unsaturated fatty acid content is also higher than control group, and especially the content of arachidonic acid and DHA is 2 times of control group.
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .19 chicken leg meat
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .20 chicken blood
From table .19 and table .20, the main unrighted acid in each position of chicken of the feed that comprises additive 5 (comprising chlorella extract and probiotics and corn flour) of feeding has significant variation, and in chicken leg meat and chicken blood, total fat and main unrighted acid are all higher than control group.
Embodiment 6 mixed algae kinds
Spirulina, split kettle algae, haematococcus pluvialis
Blunt top spirulina (Spirulina platensis) is purchased from Huanghai Sea aquatic products research institute, and the storehouse preservation of Xinao Technology Development Co., Ltd's algae kind adopts autotrophy mode to cultivate.
Split kettle algae (Schizochytrium sp.) purchased from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, it is numbered CCTC No.M209059, adopts heterotrophic fermentation mode to produce.
Haematococcus pluvialis (Haematococcus pluvialis) is purchased from Wuhan aquatile research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and numbering FACHB-712, adopts autotrophy mode to cultivate.
Cultivate respectively above-mentioned three kinds of algaes, make former algae powder according to common process flow process.
Weigh spirulina powder 0.73Kg, split kettle algae powder 1.075Kg, haematococcus pluvialis powder 0.945Kg (three kinds of algae powder amount to 2.75Kg), 0.825g probiotics (2.75Kg*0.03%), in pony mixer, stir after 10 minutes, weigh again 3Kg wheat bran, continue to stir 30 minutes to even, make bird feed additive 6, use aluminium foil bag Vacuum Package, normal temperature is preserved, specification 1Kg/ bag.
Animal select, divide into groups, feed mode, sampling is equal to embodiment 1.Additive 6 accounts for 4.4% of bird day feed gross mass, and wherein three kinds of algae powder raw materials account for 2.1% of fowl day feed gross mass.
Table .21 laying rate and egg size
The content (DW%) of main unrighted acid in table .22 egg
From table .21 and table .22, experimental group laying rate of laying hen and the single piece of egg weight average of the feed that comprises additive 6 (comprising multiple algae powder and probiotics and corn flour) of feeding is better than control group, in egg, main unsaturated fatty acid content is also higher than control group, and especially the content of arachidonic acid and DHA is the more than 4 times of control group.
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .23 chicken leg meat
The content (%) of main unrighted acid in table .24 chicken blood
From table 23 and table 24, the main unrighted acid in each position of chicken of the feed that comprises additive 6 (comprising multiple algae powder and probiotics and corn flour) of feeding has significant variation, and in chicken leg meat and chicken blood, total fat and main unrighted acid are all higher than control group.
Should be appreciated that, although with reference to its exemplary embodiment, the present invention is shown particularly and described, but will be understood by those skilled in the art that, under the condition not deviating from by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, the variation of various forms and details can be carried out therein, any combination of various embodiments can be carried out.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is improved the bird feed additive of content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs, described bird feed additive comprises phycobiont, and one or more in the following: leftover bits and pieces, antioxidant or the probiotics of processing of farm products, wherein said phycobiont is algae powder and derivative product thereof.
2. bird feed additive according to claim 1, wherein said phycobiont derives from Nannochloropsis oculata, chlorella, splits kettle algae, haematococcus pluvialis, blunt top spirulina or their any combination, and the form of wherein said phycobiont is former algae powder, wall cell disruption powder, algae-residue, the algae dregs of rice, algae oil microcapsule powder or algae extract.
3. bird feed additive according to claim 1, the addition of the leftover bits and pieces of wherein said processing of farm products is 1～2 times of described phycobiont weight, its particle size is 60 order～1000 orders.
4. bird feed additive according to claim 1, wherein said antioxidant is selected from ethoxyquinoline, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, fourth hydroxyl methoxy benzene, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis or their any combination, and its addition is 0.01%～0.05% of described phycobiont weight.
5. bird feed additive according to claim 1, wherein said probiotics is selected from lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus fecalis, Bifidobacterium or their any combination, and its addition is 0.01%～0.05% of described phycobiont weight.
6. one kind is improved the bird feed of content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs, described feed comprises the bird feed additive described in any one in claim 1-5, the addition of described bird feed additive in described bird feed be bird day feed gross mass 0.5%～10%, preferably 1%～5%, more preferably 2%～4.5%.
7. improve a method for content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in poultry, described method comprises: with the bird feed of claim 6 bird of feeding, to slaughter described bird the last fortnight time stop using the bird feed of claim 6 to feed.
8. one kind is improved the method for content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs, described method comprises: in the time that bird produces first egg, start the bird feed by claim 6, extremely will eliminate the last fortnight of described bird time, stop using the bird feed of claim 6 to feed.
9. the method described in claim 7 or 8, the unrighted acid that wherein in poultry and birds, beasts and eggs, content increases comprises one or more in DHA (DHA), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), AA (arachidonic acid), GLA (gamma-Linolenic acid), ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) and LA (linoleic acid).
10. the method described in claim 7 or 8, wherein said bird is selected from chicken, turkey, duck, goose, quail, pigeon etc.
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| CN104206864A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 青岛海智源生命科技有限公司 | Feed rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) |
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| CN104757299A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Chicken feed containing microalgae |
| CN104920833A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 汕头市海洋与水产研究所 | Penaeus vannamei compound feed and processing method thereof |
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| CN109258966A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-25 | 中铭生物科技(深圳)有限公司 | A method of improving egg natural astaxanthin content |
| CN114196544A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2022-03-18 | 北部湾大学 | Chlorella and chlorella powder and preparation method thereof |
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