CN103907283B - 用于mimo的包络跟踪系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种放大器装置,该放大器结构包括多个放大器(PA),各放大器被设置成放大多个不同输入信号(114)中的一个输入信号,所述装置包括用于产生用于功率放大器(PA)的公共电源电压的包络跟踪调制器(122),并且还包括包络选择器(120),包络选择器(120)适用于接收表示多个输入信号(114)的包络的多个信号,并且适用于产生表示多个包络中的在特定时刻具有最高电平的一个包络的输出包络信号作为针对包络跟踪调制器(122)的输入信号。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包括具有不同输入信号的多个功率放大器的放大级。特别地但并非排他性地,本发明涉及MIMO系统的发送器中(例如移动通信系统的蜂窝基础设施基站或微基站中)的多个功率放大器。
背景技术
MIMO(multiple input,multiple output,多输入多输出)系统在移动远程通信领域中是众所周知的。MIMO发送器从单个信号源产生多个波形,该多个波形被多个功率放大器被放大以提供多个信号路径。在多个路径上发送的信号在一个或多个接收器被检测。
为改进功率放大器的各种参数,特别是DC(直流)-RF(射频)功率转换效率,在RF功率放大领域中针对功率放大器利用包络跟踪调制电源,这在本领域是众所周知的。
通过针对MIMO发送器中的各个功率放大器提供包络跟踪调制电源,可以提高MIMO系统的效率。调制针对各功率放大器的包络跟踪电源,以便电源电压跟踪要被放大的输入信号的包络。在通常的高效结构中,依赖于输入信号包络来选择多个电源中的一个电源,然后利用误差校正单元调整,以更加紧密跟踪包络。
尽管利用包络跟踪调制电源提供了有效的放大结构,但是也增加了与MIMO发送器有关的开销,因为针对MIMO系统的各功率放大器,要求包络跟踪调制器级。
本发明的目的在于提供在多个功率放大器接收不同输入信号的结构中提供包络跟踪调制电源的改进的结构。
发明内容
提供一种放大器结构,该放大器结构包括多个放大器,各放大器被设置成放大多个不同输入信号中的一个输入信号,所述结构包括用于产生针对功率放大器的公共电源电压的包络跟踪调制器。
该放大器结构可以还包括:包络选择器,该包络选择器适用于接收表示所述多个输入信号的包络的多个信号,并且适用于产生表示多个包络中的在特定时刻具有最高电平的一个包络的输出包络信号作为针对包络跟踪调制器的输入信号。包络选择器可以被设置成产生诸如输出包络信号的合成包络信号。合成包络信号可以依赖于具有瞬时最大振幅的多个输入信号中的一个输入信号在多个不同输入信号的包络之间转换。
该放大器结构可以还包括:多个包络处理级,各包络处理级用于接收多个输入信号中的一个,并用于产生表示所述输入信号的包络的信号。各个包络处理级可以包括非线性映射级,该非线性映射级用于将其输入映射到其输出。各个包络处理级可以包括延迟器,该延迟器用于使供应路径中的信号相对于对放大器的输入路径中的信号延迟。
该放大器结构可以还包括:移动平均滤波器,以从合成包络信号中去除不连续性。
该放大器结构可以还包括:多个预失真级,该多个预失真级用于接收相应多个输入信号,并且进一步被设置成接收所述合成包络信号,并向各自功率放大器的输入端提供预失真输入信号。
该放大器结构可以还包括:反馈接收器,该反馈接收器被设置成选择性地接收多个放大器中的一个放大器的输出并选择性地向与所述放大器关联的多个预失真级中的一个预失真级提供附加输入,以适应性地调整预失真级的预失真系数,从而使所述放大器的输出端处的失真最小化。反馈接收器可以被设置成在全部多个放大器之间顺序地切换。
多个输入信号可以来源于共同的信号源。
多输入多输出MIMO发送器级可以包括如所限定的放大器结构。该MIMO发送器级可以用于蜂窝基站。
本发明可以进一步提供一种放大器结构中的放大方法,该放大器结构包括多个放大器,各放大器被设置成放大多个不同输入信号中的一个输入信号,所述方法包括提供用于产生针对多个功率放大器的公共电源电压的包络跟踪调制器。
所述方法可以还包括:接收表示多个输入信号的包络的多个信号,并且产生表示多个包络中的在特定时刻具有最高电平的一个包络的输出包络信号,作为针对包络跟踪调制器的输入信号。
附图说明
下文参照附图以实例来对本发明进行说明。
图1例示了相关技术MIMO系统的示例;
图2例示了包括本发明的实施方式的MIMO系统的示例;
图3例示了本发明的实施方式中的示例性波形;
图4例示了在进一步的实施方式中对图2的结构的修改;以及
图5示例了本发明的实施方式中的进一步示例性波形。
具体实施方式
现在将进一步参照移动通信系统的MIMO发送器系统的示例性RF放大架构来对本发明进行说明。本发明及其实施方式可以在这种环境中被有利地利用,同时,本发明及其实施方式在应用性上并不限于所例示的示例性架构和实施。
参照图1,图1示例了MIMO发送器中的传统的包络跟踪技术的实现方式。
MIMO发送器包括数字信号处理块,该数字信号处理块包括信号源114、多个波形处理块112a至112d、多个包络处理块108a至108d以及多个数字预失真块110a至110d;多个包络调制器106a至106d;多个RF放大器104a至104d;以及多个天线102a至102d。
信号源114可以产生用于在按照适当的远程通信标准配置的无线接口上发送的信号。信号源114提供基带信号,该基带信号形成对多个波形处理块中的每个的输入,所述多个波形处理块由附图标记112表示。
在图1的结构中,设置有四个波形处理块,附图标记为112a至112d。一般来说,可以设置任意数量的波形处理块。
各波形处理块112a至112d在其输出端处提供波形,该波形是表示由MIMO发送器的一个信道所承载的RF波形的基带信号,并且通常是要发送的RF载波的基带同相信号和正交信号(I和Q)的数字表示。该处理可以包括波形的波峰因数降低。
在各波形处理块112a至112d的输出端处的波形被提供在相应包络处理块108a至108d的输入端处以及相应DPD(数字预失真)块110a至110d的输入端处。与四个波形处理块的设置相一致的,设置有四个包络处理块和四个DPD块。另选实现方式是从DPD块110的输出端取得对包络处理块108的输入。
各包络处理块确定由相应波形处理块产生的相应基带波形的包络,并且可以在所述包络和期望的电源电压之间提供非线性映射。这种非线性映射提供“成形的”包络波形。没有这种映射,则包络波形是“未成形的”。包络处理块还可以包含可变延迟元件,以使得对相应放大器的输送路径以及对该放大器的RF输入路径之间的定时对准。
各DPD块110校正其关联的功率放大器的振幅和相位失真。通常通过监测关联的功率放大器输出并且调整所述参数以使得所述关联的功率放大器输出的失真最小化来更新各DPD块的参数。
包络处理块108和DPD处理块110的输出形成数字信号处理块116的输出。
设置有类似多个包络调制器106和功率放大器104。因此在所述的结构中,设置有四个包络调制器106a至106d以及四个功率放大器104a至104d。再次,一般来说,可以设置任何数量的包络调制器和功率放大器。
应当注意的是图1例示了示例性发送器的主要元件,但并不是所有所需元件。例如,在DPD块和功率放大器之间可能需要中间功能模块,比如数字-模拟转换器、基带至RF上转换电路、功率放大器驱动器等等。
包络处理块108的输出端向相应包络跟踪调制器106提供输入,并且DPD块110的输出端向相应功率放大器104提供输入。
相应包络跟踪调制器106的输出端向相应功率放大器104的电源端子提供输入。如本领域中已知的,包络跟踪调制器106a至106d跟踪相应包络信号,以向相应功率放大器104a至104d传送高效的调制电源供应。
如图1中可以看出的,针对多个路径中每个路径设置有单独的包络跟踪调制器,这样在包络调制器与功率放大器之间具有一对一结构。各功率放大器104至104d从其自身的包络调制器106a至106d接收其自身的包络调制电源。
各功率放大器的输出端连接到相应天线102。再次地,在所述示例中,具有与相应功率放大器104a至104d中的每个关联的四个天线102a至102d。
功率放大器104对各个天线102馈电,并且在接收器中设置有用于检测发送信号的多个天线。这种MIMO实现方式在发送器与接收器之间提供除单天线系统之外的更多的路径。不同的信号从相同的源被放大,并且有效地构成独立的波形。
参照图2,示例了根据本发明的原理的用于MIMO架构的包络跟踪系统的实施方式。在图2的元件对应于图1的元件的情况下,使用类似的附图标记。该实施方式作为对图1的示例性结构的改进而进行说明。
根据本发明,仍然设置有各个通道,相应波形在特定的包络处理块108a至108d以及DPD处理块110a至110d中处理。设置有多个功率放大器104a至104d,各功率放大器仍然从DPD处理块110a至110d的输出端接收相应输入信号以便放大的。
根据本发明,包络处理块108a至108d中的每个包络处理块的输出被提供作为对数字信号处理块116内的包络选择块120的输入。然后包络选择块120向单个包络跟踪调制器122提供输出。然后该单个包络跟踪调制器122针对全部功率放大器104a至104d提供调制电源信号。
设置单个包络跟踪调制器122来代替图1的包络跟踪调制器的集合,该设置引入了潜在的问题,问题在于在针对任意时刻,在对单独功率放大器的电源电压与在该功率放大器的输入端处的RF包络之间不再有一对一对应性。其结果是,在仅仅知道瞬时RF输入功率的情况下,不再能够确定所要求的DPD预校正。
针对各功率放大器104a至104b来说,要求电源电压高于最低电源电压,其导致功率放大器中的硬压缩,以使RF路径的预失真成为可能。
包络选择块120因此被设置成根据从包络处理块108a至108d提供的各个包络信号中确定最大包络信号。然后,包络调制器122接着依赖于多个包络信号中的在任一时刻为最高的一个包络信号而在其输出端处产生调制电源信号。在任何时刻对全部功率放大器104至104d的电源因而基于包络中为最高的那个包络。
包络选择块120和包络跟踪调制器122从而确保全部功率放大器具有足够高的电源电压以允许RF输入路径的预失真校正由电源电压感应出的失真。
参照图3能够进一步理解包络跟踪调制器122的操作。图3例示了由附图标记220和222表示的两个包络波形的绘图,以及表示由这些波形形成的合成信号的波形224。正如在任何时刻可以看到的,合成包络224包括各个包络220和222中具有最大振幅的那一个包络。
包络选择块120如上所述适用于确定在任意时刻的最高包络信号,从而将根据其确定结果来输出不同的包络信号。在包络选择块120从一个波形跳转至另一个波形的地方可能出现短的尖点。因此,在包络处理块120的输出端处可以设置移动平均滤波器,如图2中的块121所表示,以使过渡点平滑。这种移动平均滤波器还确保始终提供比所需的电压高的电压作为电源电压。
这相对于图4进一步例示。第一波形130和第二波形132表示两个包络,并且波形134表示这些包络的合成。正如通过附图标记136所表示的区域所看出的,随着合成包络由一个包络确定然后由另一个包络确定,即随着合成包络从一个包络“跳转”至另一个包络,短的尖点出现。
因此根据本发明,可以使用单个包络跟踪调制器来驱动全部功率放大器。
由于功率放大器的瞬时输出功率依赖于其瞬时输入功率和其瞬时电源电压,进一步的问题出现。传统DPD仅知道瞬时输入功率,因此无法系统性地校正功率放大器输出功率误差,所述功率放大器输出功率误差是由与瞬时输入功率不相关(uncorrelated)瞬时电源电压中的变化造成的。
为解决这个问题,各个DPD处理块110a至110d设置有关于针对功率放大器的瞬时电源电压的信息以及针对其放大器的其相应RF载波的基带I和Q分量的数字表示。如图2中所示,从滤波器块121的输出中提供瞬时电源电压的信息。由于电源电压信息和基带I和Q信息,DPD能够校正失真。
基于这些输入来校正失真的特定DPD处理将依赖于实现方式。
对相应DPD块110中的各功率放大器应用的DPD预校正可以是固定的或者适应性的。在使用固定预校正的情况下,其可以通过设计预先确定,或在装置制造中调整。
在使用适应性预校正的情况下,可以利用接收器来对功率放大器输出信号采样,从而创建用于DPD参数的适应的反馈路径。如图5中所示,由于所要求的DPD参数的更新率很低,反馈接收器可以在全部发送通道之间复用。
如图5中所示,在这种适应性结构中图2的结构可以被进一步修改为包括:反馈接收器140、输出开关142和输入开关144。输出开关142被控制成选择功率放大器104a至104d对向反馈接收器140的输出中的一个,并且输入开关144被控制成将反馈接收器140的输出端连接至DPD块110a至110d中一个DPD块的附加输入端。
开关142和144由公共控制信号控制,使得当放大器104a至104d中的一个放大器的输出被选择时,向对应DPD块的输入也被选择。所述开关可以被控制成遵循预定周期以固定周期切换。
因此,一般来说,使用单个包络跟踪调制器向多个功率放大器提供调制电源电压,其中所述多个功率放大器中的每个功率放大器具有不同的输入信号。一般来说,本发明的技术适用于不提供在瞬时电源电压与瞬时RF输入包络之间的一对一映射的任何这种结构,而不仅仅是MIMO结构。
本文参照具体示例和实施方式描述了本发明,这些具体示例和实施方式对于理解本发明以及理解本发明的优选实施方式是有用的。然而,本发明并不限于任何给定的实施方式的具体细节,并且任何实施方式的细节也不具有相互排斥性。本发明的范围通过所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (13)
1.一种放大器结构,该放大器结构包括多个功率放大器,各个功率放大器被设置成放大多个不同输入信号中的一个输入信号,其中,所述结构包括:
多个包络处理级,各包络处理级用于接收所述多个不同输入信号中的一个输入信号并用于产生表示所述多个不同输入信号的包络的多个信号;
用于产生针对所述功率放大器的公共电源电压的包络跟踪调制器,以及
包络选择器,该包络选择器适于接收表示所述多个不同输入信号的包络的所述多个信号,并且适于产生表示所述包络中的在特定时刻具有最高电平的一个包络的输出包络信号作为针对所述包络跟踪调制器的输入信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的放大器结构,其中,所述包络选择器被设置成产生合成包络信号作为所述输出包络信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的放大器结构,其中,所述合成包络信号依赖于所述多个不同输入信号中的具有瞬时最大振幅的所述输入信号,来在所述多个不同输入信号的包络之间转换。
4.根据权利要求1所述的放大器结构,其中,所述包络处理级中的每个包括用于将其输入映射到其输出的非线性映射级。
5.根据权利要求1所述的放大器结构,其中,各个所述包络处理级包括:用于使到相应功率放大器的传送路径中的公共电源电压相对于到所述功率放大器的输入路径中的输入信号延迟的延迟器。
6.根据权利要求2所述的放大器结构,其中,所述放大器结构还包括:移动平均滤波器,以从所述合成包络信号中去除不连续性。
7.根据权利要求2所述的放大器结构,其中,所述放大器结构还包括:多个预失真级,所述多个预失真级用于接收相应的多个不同输入信号,并且进一步被设置成接收所述合成包络信号,并向相应的功率放大器的输入端提供预失真输入信号。
8.根据权利要求1所述的放大器结构,所述放大器结构还包括:反馈接收器,该反馈接收器被设置成选择性地接收所述多个功率放大器中的一个功率放大器的输出并选择性地向多个预失真级中的与该功率放大器关联的一个预失真级提供附加输入,以适应性地调整该预失真级的预失真系数从而使该功率放大器的输出端处的失真最小化。
9.根据权利要求8所述的放大器结构,其中,所述反馈接收器被设置成在全部所述多个功率放大器之间顺序地切换。
10.根据权利要求1所述的放大器结构,其中,所述多个不同输入信号来源于公共信号源。
11.一种多输入多输出MIMO发送器级,所述多输入多输出MIMO发送器级包括根据权利要求1至10中任一项权利要求所述的放大器结构。
12.根据权利要求11所述的MIMO发送器级,所述MIMO发送器级在蜂窝基站中使用。
13.一种放大器结构中的放大方法,该放大器结构包括多个功率放大器,各功率放大器被设置成放大多个不同输入信号中的一个输入信号,所述方法包括:
从所述多个不同输入信号产生多个包络信号,其中每个包络信号是相应输入信号的包络;
使用包络跟踪调制器产生针对所述功率放大器的公共电源电压;以及
产生表示所述多个包络信号中的在特定时刻具有最高电平的一个包络信号的输出包络信号作为针对所述包络跟踪调制器的输入信号。
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WO2012175709A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
CN103907283A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
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US20130049858A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
US20140341319A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
JP6140692B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
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