CN103896601A - Hot pressed sintering method of ceramic products with high density and complex shapes - Google Patents
Hot pressed sintering method of ceramic products with high density and complex shapes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation and forming methods of ceramic materials and in particular relates to a hot pressed sintering method of ceramic products with high density and complex shapes. In the method, a process for forming ceramic bodies with steel molds, which belongs to traditional hot pressed sintering processes, is abandoned. The method is characterized by firstly preparing a mold material into a required mold with a complex shape through a gel forming process, or firstly preparing a body of the mold material by adopting cold isostatic pressing, secondly machining the body into a required mold with a complex shape by adopting a numerically-controlled machine tool, thirdly preparing the target ceramic powder into slurry with high solid content by adopting the advanced gel forming technology, and injecting the slurry into the mold to form the composite hot-pressed body; or firstly preparing the target ceramic powder into a part body through a gel casting process, secondly injecting the mold material slurry through the gel casting technology to form the composite hot-pressed body, and removing the hot-pressed mold material after sintering, thus finally obtaining the ceramic products with complex structures and high density and properties.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stupalith and prepare moulding method and technology field, particularly a kind of hot-pressing sintering method of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic.
Background technology
Hot-pressing sintering technique is one of sintering process that pottery or Powder Metallurgy Industry are conventional, its basic procedure is, first the ceramic powder that needs sintering is poured in steel die, make it to form the ceramic body of approximately 35%～40% theoretical density with certain pressure, then this base substrate is packed in previously prepd high strength graphite mould, and put it in hot-pressed sintering furnace, by high-strength graphite pressure head, heat while pressurize, at high temperature, under high pressure, realize the high-compactness sintering of ceramic powder, in actual production, also often directly pack ceramic powder into graphite jig and carry out sintering, Fig. 1 is SiC ceramics injection sintering schematic diagram.Compared with ordinary sinter, the advantage of hot pressed sintering: 1. have obvious Grain Boundary Sliding mass transfer and extruding creep mass transfer, sintering rate is accelerated, and firing time reduces; 2. can reduce sintering temperature, reduce grain growth; 3. the density of the finished product and mechanical property are high.Table 1 is the SiC ceramic performance contrast of different methods sintering, and hence one can see that, and hot pressed sintering is prepares the effective way of high-compactness silicon carbide ceramics.
But well-known, hot-pressing sintering technique also has obvious shortcoming, the impact that is subject to processing method conventionally can only the simple goods of sintered shape, and as the ceramic product of tabular class, the block class of square, cylindric type, thereby its range of application is also subject to serious restriction.Along with scientific and technical fast development, every profession and trade is more and more to the demand of high-compactness, complicated shape ceramic, although adopt the forming techniques such as cold isostatic compaction+mechanical workout or gel injection and non-pressure sintering technology can obtain the ceramic component of complicated shape, but cannot meet under many circumstances the requirement to ceramic component high-compactness, and the pressureless sintering of complicated shape ceramic component needs slow and meticulous temperature control technique, high temperature sintering can impel grain growth for a long time, reduces the mechanical property of ceramic part.If adopt post-hiped technology to improve the density of pressureless sintering base substrate, can greatly increase manufacturing cost.
The object of the present invention is to provide the hot-pressing production process of a kind of high densification, complicated shape ceramic, by hot pressed sintering ceramic technology of the present invention, can overcome above-mentioned traditional hot pressing and can only manufacture the present situation of the ceramic product of simple tabular class, can produce the ceramic product with complex construction, high-compactness.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes BN pottery to wait the moulding stock target pottery of at high temperature getting along well that the characteristic of chemical reaction occurs, make moulding stock and target stupalith realize synchronous under High Temperature High Pressure by the formula of adjusting moulding stock, the complicated shape of guaranteeing target pottery is retained, and this is technical essential of the present invention.The technique of traditional steel die forming ceramic base substrate has been abandoned in this invention, by the present invention, can prepare the ceramic of high-compactness, complicated shape.
For prior art deficiency, the invention provides a kind of hot-pressing sintering method of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic.
A kind of hot-pressing sintering method of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic, first moulding stock is prepared into the required mould with specified shape by gel forming technique, then adopt gel forming technology to be prepared into the slurry that contains solid phase composition the target ceramic powder that needs sintering, inject formation compound thermal pressed compact body in above-mentioned mould; Gained compound thermal pressed compact body is removed residual moulding stock after by hot pressed sintering, the final target ceramic with specific structure, density, performance that obtains.
Described moulding stock does not react with target stupalith and can remove by machinery or chemical process processing under sintering condition.
Described moulding stock is matrix material, BN and the Al of BN, BN and SiC
2o
3matrix material, BN and Si
3n
4matrix material, BN and other ceramic matrix materials, graphite or graphite and ceramic matrix material.
The described concrete grammar that moulding stock is prepared into the required mould with specified shape by gel forming technique is: selected moulding stock powder is prepared into slurry by gel forming technique; According to the shape and size of ceramic part of wanting sintering, consider the shrinking percentage of process redundancy and hot pressing direction, adopt mechanical workout or 3D printing technique to prepare plastics or the metal die that core mates with part shape; Described plastics or metal die inner cavity size should match with hot pressing die inner sleeve size; The moulding stock slurry of having prepared is injected in the plastics or metal die of having processed, be heated to 60 ℃～80 ℃, constant temperature certain hour is until its gel solidification moulding, takes out core rod and obtains required have specified shape, the mould of being prepared by moulding stock;
Or adopt isostatic cool pressing method first to prepare moulding stock base substrate, then be processed into the mould of desired shape by numerically-controlled machine.
Described target ceramic powder is SiC, Si
3n
4, AlN, AlON, aluminum oxide or zirconium white etc. ceramic powder material or composite powder material.
After described compound thermal pressed compact body integral heat pressure sintering, remove residual moulding stock by blasting craft, the final target ceramic with ad hoc structure, density, performance that obtains.
Technical characterictic of the present invention is:
A. select, with needing the target stupalith of sintering, the moulding stock of chemical reaction does not at high temperature occur, after this moulding stock sintering, should be easy to remove by machinery or chemical process, can select matrix material, BN and the Al of BN, BN and SiC
2o
3matrix material, BN and Si
3n
4matrix material, graphite or graphite and ceramic matrix material etc. as moulding stock.
B. selected moulding stock powder is prepared into slurry by gel forming technique.
C. basis is wanted the shape and size of the ceramic part of sintering, considers the shrinking percentage of certain process redundancy and hot pressing direction, adopts mechanical workout or 3D printing technique to prepare the core plastics similar to part shape or metal die.These plastics or metal die inner cavity size should match with hot pressing graphite jig inner sleeve size.
D. by the plastics or metal die processed in the moulding stock slurry implantation step c having prepared in step b, be heated to 60 ℃～80 ℃, constant temperature certain hour makes it gel solidification moulding, and what the acquisition of taking-up core rod was required has complicated shape, the mould of being prepared by moulding stock.
E. target ceramic powder (SiC, the Si of sintering will be needed
3n
4, aluminum oxide or Zirconium powder material etc.) adopt advanced gel forming technology to be prepared into the slurry of high solid loading, inject in above-mentioned mould, after gel solidification, form compound thermal pressed compact body.
F. the compound thermal pressed compact body obtaining in step e is packed in hot pressing graphite jig, after integral heat pressure sintering, remove aforesaid moulding stock by blasting craft, final acquisition has complex construction, high-density, high performance target ceramic.
In above-mentioned technical characterictic, moulding stock also can be by the mould described in cold isostatic compaction and mechanical workout preparation process d.
Technical characterictic of the present invention, also can first prepare the gel grout material of target ceramic powder, and according to technology processing plastic or the metal die identical with step c, these plastics or metal die inner chamber are similar to part shape.By target ceramic powder gel grout material injected plastic or the metal die prepared, and gel forming; Then as core, moulding stock is poured into periphery by gel note technique, forms the compound thermal pressed compact body described in step e.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The inventive method takes full advantage of the technical characterstic of gel note technique and heat pressing process, provides one can prepare complicated shape, can stablize again the hot pressing production technology that obtains high-compactness ceramic, is the innovation of traditional heat pressing process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is SiC ceramics injection sintering schematic diagram;
Wherein the 1-1 in Fig. 1 is the seaming chuck with water-cooling structure that high temperature steel is made, and plays to the effect of the SiC pottery transmission of pressure of hot pressing; 1-2 is graphite seaming chuck, plays the effect of direct pressing SiC pottery; 1-3 is the SiC pottery of receiving hot pressing; 1-4 is graphite push-down head, acts on identical with 1-2; 1-5 is graphite overcoat, plays the effect of constraint hot pressing SiC pottery; 1-6 is graphite heater, plays the effect of heating SiC pottery; 1-7 is the push-down head with water-cooling structure that high temperature steel is made, and acts on identical with 1-1.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 gel casting SiC and BN preparation technology schema;
Fig. 3 is the aluminium alloy jacket structure schematic diagram of casting mold material and target pottery, the front view that wherein Fig. 3 a is aluminum alloy outer frame, the vertical view that Fig. 3 b is aluminum alloy outer frame;
Fig. 4 is SiC pottery upper mold core structural representation (for gel mold target forming process of ceramics time use), and wherein Fig. 4 a is the front view of SiC pottery upper mold core, and Fig. 4 b is the sectional view (A-A face has rotated 180 degree) of SiC pottery upper mold core;
Fig. 5 is SiC pottery lower mold core structural representation (for gel mold target forming process of ceramics time use), and wherein Fig. 5 a is the vertical view of SiC pottery lower mold core, and Fig. 5 b is the front view of SiC pottery lower mold core;
Fig. 6 is mould material BN seaming chuck or push-down head structural representation, and wherein Fig. 6 a is the vertical view of BN seaming chuck or push-down head, and Fig. 6 b is the front view of BN seaming chuck or push-down head;
Fig. 7 is SiC and the BN plural gel body structure schematic diagram after gel drying, wherein Fig. 7 a is the vertical view of SiC and BN plural gel body, Fig. 7 b is SiC and the main pseudosection of BN plural gel body (B-B face), 7-1 in figure is moulding stock BN, 7-2 is target material SiC, and 7-3 is for being moulding stock BN;
Fig. 8 is the SiC product structure schematic diagram of the complex section that completes in example of the present invention; Wherein Fig. 8 a is the vertical view of SiC product, and Fig. 8 b is the main pseudosection (C-C face) of SiC product.
Embodiment
The hot-pressing sintering method that the invention provides a kind of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Preparation technology's flow process of gel casting SiC and BN is as shown in Figure 2:
The processing step of preparing gel casting SiC pottery and BN pottery is as follows:
(1) configuration monomer solution:
Acrylamide (AM) monomer and linking agent methylene-bisacrylamide (MBAM) are prepared to be dissolved in by a certain percentage and in deionized water, prepare monomer solution; Wherein in monomer solution containing AM be 11.4wt%, containing MBAM be 1wt%, containing pure water 87.6wt%.The monomer solution preparing is dissolved fully, stand-by with being enclosed in after filter paper filtering in Glass Containers.
(2) configuration dispersant solution:
In the ratio of 10g citric acid ammonia (DAC)+90g water by citric acid ammonia (DAC) and water mixed dissolution fully after, the dispersion agent liquid preparing is dissolved fully, stand-by with being enclosed in after filter paper filtering in Glass Containers.
(3) batch mixing:
A. weigh in the balance and get 5kg zirconium oxide balls, the diameter of zirconia ball is Φ 6mm, puts into the vertical mixing mill that volume is 5L;
B. measure two parts of 720g monomer solutions with a day gentle transfer pipet;
C. measure two parts of 40ml dispersion agents with a day gentle dropper;
D. add minute quantity defrother; (add 0.05% defrother that accounts for monomer solution weight, what in this example, add is dimethyl-silicon oil hydrosol, and its oleaginousness is 30%)
E. weigh respectively 2.304kg SiC powder and 1.584kg BN powder, join respectively in the monomer liquid of the different 720g that previously prepared.Now the volumetric concentration of SiC and BN monomer solution is all 50vol%.（2304/3.2=720cm
3）（1.584/2.2=720cm
3）。Wherein the theoretical density of SiC pottery is ρ
siC=3.2(g/cm
3), the theoretical density of BN pottery is ρ
bN=2.2(g/cm
3);
F. SiC and BN monomer slurry are carried out respectively to stirring ball-milling 4h, slurry is uniformly dispersed.
(4) slip processing:
The monomer slurry stirring (SiC monomer slurry or BN monomer slurry) is filtered out to mill with 150 eye mesh screens respectively and be situated between and impurity, stand-by with the refrigerator the inside that is kept at 0 ℃ after Plastic Bottle or vial sealing.
(5) casting die mould is prepared:
Adopt the die casting instrument of cast aluminium as slurry, comprise that overcoat (see figure 3), upper and lower core rod (be shown in Fig. 4,5,6), wherein core rod is divided into two covers, and a set of has been complex section core rod, complete by mechanical workout or 3D printing technique, another set of is dull and stereotyped core rod, adopts mechanical workout to complete, and guarantees that the load face of moulding colloid is smooth.
(6) processing of casting SiC slurries:
Except the air in slurry, the upper mold core being pressed into until discharge without gas in slurry, contacts completely with slurry, SiC monomer syrup is taken out to 400g from refrigerator, add ammonium persulphate 3g～4g, with magnetic stirrer evenly after (according to slurry number, period and temperature as far as possible, avoid slurry before injecting mould, there is gel reaction) pour in preprepared cast-aluminum die, wherein upper and lower core rod adopts and (sees Fig. 4 with the core rod of complex section, 5), first the lower mold core with complex section (Fig. 5) is put into cast aluminium die sleeve (Fig. 3), then pour band initiator into---the SiC monomer slurry of ammonium persulphate, by manual mode for the upper mold core with complex section (Fig. 4), be pressed into gently in cast aluminium die sleeve (Fig. 3), upper mold core is with exhaust structure passage, be convenient to get rid of the gas in mould.
(7) Gel Treatment of SiC slurry:
SiC slurry cast-aluminum die in aluminum dipping form is together put into the drying baker of 80 ℃, at 80 ℃ of temperature, place after 30min, take out cast-aluminum die, take out upper mold core (Fig. 4), check the gel state of SiC slurry, touch SiC colloid with finger, if there is elasticity and do not deformed.
(8) processing of BN monomer slurry and mold:
Repeat (6) operation steps, SiC slurry is changed into BN slurry, upper and lower core rod is replaced with to dull and stereotyped core rod (Fig. 6), by BN slurry 100g, inject cast-aluminum die, BN slurry is full of on the SiC colloid of gel, upper and lower flat board core rod (Fig. 6) is pressed in cast aluminium die sleeve (Fig. 3) successively, until dull and stereotyped core rod (Fig. 6) touches BN slurry.Put into again the gelation processing 30min that drying baker (temperature of drying baker is arranged on 60～80 ℃) does BN slurry.
(9) drying and processing:
By the SiC that gel is good and BN plural gel body, from cast-aluminum die, deviate from, be placed on the indoor place without direct sunlight and dry in the shade, ambient temperature is controlled within the scope of 10～25 ℃, too high temperature may cause blank cracking, and the composite body having dried in the shade can pack next step hot pressing process into.
Hot-pressing sintering technique step:
(1) dried SiC and BN plural gel body (see figure 7), adopt conventional SiC heat pressing process, pack in graphite jig, can complete the sintering of SiC and BN plural gel body.
(2) hot pressed sintering of SiC and BN plural gel body and single SiC hot pressed sintering difference are, SiC is needed product material, BN is the shape needs that guarantee SiC the finished product, and bi-material, in hot pressed sintering process, is keeping synchronous sintering shrinkage state.
The processing of later stage SiC and BN composite sinter:
(1) by SiC good hot pressed sintering and BN complex body, grind two large faces by surface grinding machine, that is to say, the carbon paper being attached in sintering process above sintered compact is ground off, expose the BN material at two ends.
(2) by the SiC of completing steps (1) and BN composite sinter, with the spray gun of sand-blasting machine of pressure 0.2Mpa～1Mpa, take 80-150 object SiC steel sand as main, water is cooked carrier, the processing that it is removed to BN, because BN and SiC are in high temperature hot pressing sintering, there is not chemical reaction, be therefore easy to just can also from complex body, remove.The hot pressed sintering body of SiC complex section as shown in Figure 8.
(3) by the only remaining SiC hot pressed sintering material that presents complex construction of completing steps (2), can carry out as required necessary mechanical workout, the ceramic product of a satisfactory fine and close SiC hot pressed sintering with complex construction, has just produced.
The thyrite physical property data table of table 1 different sintering processes
Hot pressing target pottery Si
3n
4, using C powder and BN as moulding stock:
(1) first according to the processing step of example 1, configuration Si
3n
4slurry, and with die coat (Fig. 3), seaming chuck (Fig. 4), push-down head (Fig. 5) gel forming Si
3n
4slurry;
(2) using C powder and BN mixture as moulding stock, the massfraction that wherein massfraction of C powder is 80%, BN is 20%, utilizes isostatic cool pressing, goes out block at the forming under the pressure of 200MPa, adopts CNC milling machine to process and Si
3n
4the shape and size that gelinite top and bottom are identical;
(3) by the C powder processing and BN mixture moulding stock and Si
3n
4gelinite assembling is worked good, and by the heat pressing process of example 1 and aftertreatment technology, can complete the Si with complex construction
3n
4the manufacture of ceramic product.
The explanation of nouns of relevant technical terms
1, hot pressed sintering (Hot Pressed Sintering):
Dry ceramic powder is filled in model, adds flanging heating, a kind of ceramic post sintering method that moulding and sintering are completed simultaneously by unidirectional or two-way limit.
2, SiC pottery:
Pottery take silicon carbide (SiC) as main component.
3, high-strength graphite:
One has high-density, high strength, high-temperature machinery intensity, high density/weight ratio and the graphite material of anti-thermal shock quality.
4、HRA：
In Rockwell hardness, represent the A scale of Rockwell hardness.
5, gel forming technique:
By preparing the slurry of high solid volume fraction of low-viscosity, high workability, then slurry original position is solidified the organic monomer polymerization in slurry, thereby obtain the base substrate of high-density, high strength, good uniformity.
6, acrylamide (AM):
Acrylamide (AM) is a kind of white crystal chemical substance, water-soluble, in gel process as monomer component.
7, methylene-bisacrylamide (MBAM):
Water-soluble white organic materials, in gel process as linking agent composition.
8, citric acid ammonia (DAC):
White deliquescence powder or crystallization, soluble in water, the composition of undertaking dispersion agent in gel process exists, and guarantees the dispersion of ceramic particle and does not reunite.
Claims (6)
1. the hot-pressing sintering method of a high-compactness complicated shape ceramic, it is characterized in that: first moulding stock is prepared into the required mould with specified shape by gel forming technique, then adopt gel forming technology to be prepared into the slurry that contains solid phase composition the target ceramic powder that needs sintering, inject formation compound thermal pressed compact body in above-mentioned mould; Gained compound thermal pressed compact body is removed residual moulding stock after by hot pressed sintering, the final target ceramic with specific structure, density, performance that obtains.
2. the hot-pressing sintering method of a kind of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described moulding stock does not react with target stupalith and can remove by machinery or chemical process processing under sintering condition.
3. the hot-pressing sintering method of a kind of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described moulding stock is matrix material, BN and the Al of BN, BN and SiC
2o
3matrix material, BN and Si
3n
4matrix material, graphite or graphite and ceramic matrix material.
4. the hot-pressing sintering method of a kind of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described concrete grammar that moulding stock is prepared into the required mould with specified shape by gel forming technique is: selected moulding stock powder is prepared into slurry by gel forming technique; According to the shape and size of ceramic part of wanting sintering, consider the shrinking percentage of process redundancy and hot pressing direction, adopt mechanical workout or 3D printing technique to prepare plastics or the metal die that core mates with part shape; Described plastics or metal die inner cavity size should match with hot pressing die inner sleeve size; The moulding stock slurry of having prepared is injected in the plastics or metal die of having processed, be heated to 60 ℃～80 ℃, constant temperature certain hour is until its gel solidification moulding, takes out core rod and obtains required have specified shape, the mould of being prepared by moulding stock;
Or adopt isostatic cool pressing method first to prepare moulding stock base substrate, then be processed into the mould of desired shape by numerically-controlled machine.
5. the hot-pressing sintering method of a kind of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described target ceramic powder is SiC, Si
3n
4, AlN, AlON, aluminum oxide or zirconic ceramic powder material or composite powder material.
6. the hot-pressing sintering method of a kind of high-compactness complicated shape ceramic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after described compound thermal pressed compact body integral heat pressure sintering, remove residual moulding stock by blasting craft, the final target ceramic with ad hoc structure, density, performance that obtains.
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