CN104788102B - Preparation method for nano-silicon nitride powder for laser sintering 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Preparation method for nano-silicon nitride powder for laser sintering 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for a nano-silicon nitride powder for the laser sintering 3D printing technology. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, using gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane for the pretreatment of nano-silicon nitride powder in an ethanol solvent to obtain pretreated nano-silicon nitride powder; then, adding the following components by mass percentage into a grinding machine to obtain a mixture I: 84%-90% of pretreated nano-silicon nitride powder, 3%-8% of epoxy resin and 0.4%-1.0% of pyromellitic dianhydride, starting the grinding machine, grinding the mixture I at a revolution speed of 300 rpm for 5 min, and then adding 5%-10% of acetone to obtain a mixture II, turning on the grinding machine, grinding the mixture II at a revolution speed of 300 rpm for 30-40 min, and drying the grinded mixture II to obtain the nano-silicon nitride powder for laser sintering 3D printing technology. The nano-silicon nitride powder for the laser sintering 3D printing technology can be molded directly under laser sintering, is simple in preparation process, low in production cost, and easy to realize industrial production, and the condition is easy to control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method for laser sintered 3D printing manufacturing technology powdered molding material, belongs to fast
The Material Field of rapid-result type, more particularly to a kind of laser sintered 3D printing technique preparation and application of nano-silicon nitride powder.
Background technology
A kind of laser sintered method for belonging to increasing material manufacturing.This technique is also with laser instrument as energy source, by laser
Beam makes the powder of plastics, wax, ceramics, metal or its complex equably be sintered in processing in plane.Uniformly spread on the table
Last layer is very thin（Submillimeter level）Powder as raw material, laser beam under control of the computer, by scanning device with certain
Speed and energy density are scanned by the 2-D data in layering face.After laser beam flying, the powder of relevant position is just sintered into
Certain thickness entity lamella, remains in that loose powder where not scanning.After this layer scanned, subsequently need
Next layer is scanned.First thickness is layered according to object section thickness degree and reduces workbench, powdering cylinder is again by powder
End is paved, and can start new one layer of scanning.So repeatedly, until scanning through structure at all levels.Remove excessive powder, and locate after
Reason, you can obtain product.
Although domestic at present many for the research of new pattern laser sintering for quick formation material, it is confined to mostly to existing
The moulding process of material, part performance are studied, and the precision of institute's steps of manufacturing blanks, intensity and durability etc. far can not also meet
The requirement of functor, does not produce special rapid prototyping material manufacturer yet.Such case not only affects laser sintered quick
The quality of moulding material or molded article, but also it is unfavorable for the Industry Promotion of laser sintering rapid prototyping technology.Exploitation is held
Easy-formation, intensity are high, pollution-free, low cost new material has become asking for the primary solution of laser sintering rapid prototyping technology
Topic.
3D printing（3D printing）, it is a kind of based on mathematical model file, with flow-like, powder, silk
（Rod）Shape etc. is curable, bonding, alloying material, solidify successively, bond, fuse by way of come the technology of constructed object.Often
Be used for modeling in fields such as Making mold, industrial designs, after be gradually available for the direct manufacture of some products, make
The parts printed with this technology.The technology is in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, building, engineering and construction（AEC）, vapour
Car, Aero-Space, dentistry and medical industries, education, GIS-Geographic Information System, civil engineering, gun and other field are all
Using.3D printing technique occurs in the mid-90 in 20th century, actually using the newest of the technology such as photocuring and ply of paper be folded
Rapid molding device.It is essentially identical with common print operation principle, printer built with liquid or powder etc. " printed material ",
After being connected with computer, " printed material " is stacked up from level to level by computer control, finally the blueprint on computer is become
It is in kind.This printing technique is referred to as 3D three-dimensional printing technologies.Traditional manufacture generally requires and raw material is cut or is drilled,
Subtract material manufacture, can be mass-produced；3D printing is that material is stacked from level to level bonding, fusion, i.e. increasing material manufacturing；It is capable of achieving fast
Fast individual character manufacturing, can produce the shape that traditional manufacture cannot be completed.
In existing moulding material field, because SLS (selective laser sintering) rapid shaping technique has raw material
The advantages of source is various shorter with the part structure time, therefore have wide application in rapid shaping field.But major part is
Organic material and composite, disclose a kind of Buddhist nun for laser sintering and moulding product in Chinese invention patent CN1379061A
Imperial dusty material, by chemosynthesis and the improvement of technique, is processed the surface of nylon powder material, has obtained agglutinating property
Can be excellent, moulded products intensity is high, and the product of good toughness simplifies the preparation technology of laser sintered nylon material, reduces into
This；A kind of laser sintered 3D manufacturing technologies stone plastic composite powder end and its system are disclosed in Chinese invention patent CN103881371
Preparation Method.
The chemical resistance of silicon nitride ceramics is good, intensity is high, hardness is high, and anti-wear performance is good, coefficient of friction is little, resistance to height
Temperature, the low advantage of density all has application prospect, in recent years by more and more as structural material or functional material
Concern.Silicon nitride ceramics is in works such as oil, chemical industry, microelectronics, space flight, aviation, papermaking, laser, automobile, mining industry and atomic energys
Industry field obtains a wide range of applications.At present the preparation method of silicon nitride ceramics mainly has：Powder compacting sintering method, collosol and gel
Method and reaction sintering etc., when preparing silicon nitride member using said method, need first to be prepared with corresponding according to the shape of component
The mould of shape, if the shape of component is varied slightly, it is necessary to prepare mould again or need to carry out machining to sample, because
And increase preparation cost.It is commonly used to prepare the component of simple shape due to being limited said method by mould.
The present invention is modified by carrying out face coat to silicon nitride powder powder material, by high molecular adhesive coating to ultra-fine
Silicon nitride ceramic powder material surface, silicon nitride ceramic powder material can directly using laser sintered quick after the coating for obtaining
Molding.The powder can reach nanoscale, and the dusty material of uniform particle diameter.The material can conveniently and efficiently shape precision,
Special-shaped, complicated part, it is not necessary to spray bonding agent, greatly simplifies the program that just do.Not only intensity is high for resulting product, also makes thin
Being molded on 3D rapidform machines for wall micro parts is implemented as possibility；Additionally, the method that this patent is provided is simple, cost
It is low.
The content of the invention
The mesh of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, quickly
Powder for molding need not spray binding agent can Direct Laser scanning molding；
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of laser sintered 3D printing technique preparation method of nano-silicon nitride powder, be characterised by the method have with
Lower processing step：
（1）Nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, add by mass percentage, ethanol：40% ~ 50%, γ-
Glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：18% ~ 26%, stir, add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：30%~
35%, each component sum is separated by filtration, filtrate absolutely, to be placed in 60 ± 5 DEG C of constant temperature, strong stirring, the h of back flow reaction 2 ~ 4
Liquid is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, is dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment nano-silicon nitride powder；
（2）The preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder of laser sintered 3D printing technique：In grinder, add by mass percentage
Enter, pretreatment nano-silicon nitride powder：84% ~ 90%, epoxy resin：3% ~ 8%, pyromellitic dianhydride：0.4% ~ 1.0%, unlatching is ground
Mill speed grinds 5min at 300 revs/min, adds acetone：5% ~ 10%, each component sum is for absolutely, unlatching is ground
Machine rotating speed grinds 30 ~ 40min at 300 revs/min, is dried, and obtains laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder,
The particle diameter of resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder is in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5 μm.
In step（1）Described in nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder particle diameter in 0.1 ~ 0.4 μ m；
In step（1）Described in separation after filtrate reclaim, add a certain amount of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl front three
TMOS is reused.
In step（2）Described in epoxy resin solid epoxy of the epoxide number between 0.2 ~ 04.
In step（2）Described in epoxy resin and pyromellitic dianhydride mass ratio 1：It is optimum between 0.08 ~ 0.12.
Particle size test method of the present invention is the granularity equivalent diameter size measured using laser particle analyzer.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride dusty material is in 3D printing
The application of molding on machine, feature is：Laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride dusty material is added to into selectivity to swash
In the confession powder cylinder of light sinter molding machine, dusty material is equably layered in processing plane and is heated to powdering roller processing temperature
Degree, laser instrument sends laser, the switch of computer controlled laser and the angle of scanning device so that laser beam is in processing plane
It is scanned according to corresponding two-dimensional slice shape, after laser beam is inswept, workbench moves down a thickness, then powdering, laser
Beam scanning, so repeatedly, obtains laser sintered part；The mode that wherein laser beam is scanned in processing plane is subregion scanning,
Laser power is 20 ~ 40W, and scanning speed is 1500mm/s, and sweep span is 0.1 ~ 0.15mm, lift height is 0.10 ~
0.2mm, preheating temperature：50 DEG C, processing temperature is 120 ~ 130 DEG C.
The present invention compared with the prior art, has the advantage that and beneficial effect：
（1）The laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride dusty material that the present invention is obtained, it is not necessary to sprinkling bonding
Agent can straight forming under the conditions of laser sintered.
（2）The laser sintered 3D printing technique that the present invention is obtained uses nano-silicon nitride dusty material, granule to can reach nanometer
Level, it is little with meso-position radius grain, it is stable in properties the characteristics of particle size distribution is narrow；Can be made by this rapid shaping powder material
Thin-walled model or small parts are made, product is produced and is had surface gloss high, intensity is good, the features such as high precision.
（3）The laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride dusty material that the present invention is obtained, with preparation technology letter
Single, condition is easily controllable, low production cost, it is easy to industrialized production, and with the advantage such as low-carbon environment-friendly and energy saving.
（4）The laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride dusty material that the present invention is obtained, can effectively swash
Rapid shaping on light sintering 3D printer, the high precision of molding.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
（1）Nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, it is separately added into, ethanol：57 mL, γ-glycidyl ether
Oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：22 mL, stir, and add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：32g, be placed in 60 DEG C of constant temperature,
Strong stirring, the h of back flow reaction 3, are separated by filtration, and filtrate liquid is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, are dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment nanometer
Alpha-silicon nitride powders；
（2）The preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder of laser sintered 3D printing technique：In grinder, it is separately added into, pre- place
Reason nano-silicon nitride powder：87g, epoxy resin：5g, pyromellitic dianhydride：0.5g, opens grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min
Clock, grinds 5min, adds acetone：10 mL, open grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min, grind 35min, are dried, and are swashed
Light sinters 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder
Particle diameter is in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5 μm.
Embodiment 2
（1）Nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, it is separately added into, ethanol：63 mL, γ-glycidyl ether
Oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：19 mL, stir, and add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：30g, be placed in 55 DEG C of constant temperature,
Strong stirring, back flow reaction 2h, are separated by filtration, and filtrate liquid is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, are dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment nanometer nitrogen
SiClx powder；
（2）The preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder of laser sintered 3D printing technique：In grinder, it is separately added into, pre- place
Reason nano-silicon nitride powder：84g, epoxy resin：8g, pyromellitic dianhydride：1g, opens grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min,
Grinding 5min, adds acetone：9 mL, open grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min, grind 30min, are dried, and obtain laser burning
Knot 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, the resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique particle diameter of nano-silicon nitride powder
In the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5 μm.
Embodiment 3
（1）Nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, it is separately added into, ethanol：51 mL, γ-glycidyl ether
Oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：24 mL, stir, and add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：35g, be placed in 65 DEG C of constant temperature,
Strong stirring, the h of back flow reaction 4, are separated by filtration, and filtrate liquid is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, are dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment nanometer
Alpha-silicon nitride powders；
（2）The preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder of laser sintered 3D printing technique：In grinder, it is separately added into, pre- place
Reason nano-silicon nitride powder：90g, epoxy resin：4g, pyromellitic dianhydride：0.4g, opens grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min
Clock, grinds 5min, adds acetone：7 mL, open grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min, grind 40min, are dried, and are swashed
Light sinters 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder
Particle diameter is in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5 μm.
Embodiment 4
（1）Nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, it is separately added into, ethanol：53 mL, γ-glycidyl ether
Oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：23 mL, stir, and add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：34g, be placed in 62 DEG C of constant temperature,
Strong stirring, the h of back flow reaction 3.5, are separated by filtration, and filtrate liquid is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, are dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment and receives
Rice alpha-silicon nitride powders；
（2）The preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder of laser sintered 3D printing technique：In grinder, it is separately added into, pre- place
Reason nano-silicon nitride powder：85g, epoxy resin：7g, pyromellitic dianhydride：0.6g, opens grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min
Clock, grinds 5min, adds acetone：9mL, opens grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min, grinds 32min, is dried, and obtains laser
Sintering 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, the resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique grain of nano-silicon nitride powder
Footpath is in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5 μm.
Embodiment 5
（1）Nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, it is separately added into, ethanol：62 mL, γ-glycidyl ether
Oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：17 mL, stir, and add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：33g, be placed in 57 DEG C of constant temperature,
Strong stirring, the h of back flow reaction 2.5, are separated by filtration, and filtrate liquid is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, are dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment and receives
Rice alpha-silicon nitride powders；
（2）The preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder of laser sintered 3D printing technique：In grinder, it is separately added into, pre- place
Reason nano-silicon nitride powder：84g, epoxy resin：6g, pyromellitic dianhydride：1g, opens grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min,
Grinding 5min, adds acetone：13 mL, open grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min, grind 38min, are dried, and obtain laser
Sintering 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, the resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique grain of nano-silicon nitride powder
Footpath is in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5 μm.
Embodiment 6
（1）Nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, it is separately added into, ethanol：60 mL, γ-glycidyl ether
Oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：21 mL, stir, and add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：31g, be placed in 60 DEG C of constant temperature,
Strong stirring, the h of back flow reaction 4, are separated by filtration, and filtrate liquid is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, are dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment nanometer
Alpha-silicon nitride powders；
（2）The preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder of laser sintered 3D printing technique：In grinder, it is separately added into, pre- place
Reason nano-silicon nitride powder：88g, epoxy resin：6g, pyromellitic dianhydride：0.7g, opens grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min
Clock, grinds 5min, adds acetone：6 mL, open grinder rotating speed at 300 revs/min, grind 40min, are dried, and are swashed
Light sinters 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder
Particle diameter is in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.5 μm.
Using method：Laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride dusty material is added to into selective laser sintering
In the confession powder cylinder of forming machine, dusty material is equably layered in processing plane and is heated to processing temperature by powdering roller, is swashed
Light device sends laser, the switch of computer controlled laser and the angle of scanning device so that laser beam basis in processing plane
Corresponding two-dimensional slice shape is scanned, and after laser beam is inswept, workbench moves down a thickness, then powdering, and laser beam is swept
Retouch, so repeatedly, obtain laser sintered part；The mode that wherein laser beam is scanned in processing plane is subregion scanning, laser
Power is 20 ~ 40W, and scanning speed is 1500mm/s, and sweep span is 0.1 ~ 0.15mm, and lift height is 0.10 ~ 0.2mm, in advance
Hot temperature：50 DEG C, processing temperature is 120 ~ 130 DEG C.The product for obtaining has the high precision of molding.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of laser sintered 3D printing technique preparation method of nano-silicon nitride powder, it is characterised in that the method has
Following processing step：
(1) nano-silicon nitride powder pretreatment：In the reactor, add by mass percentage, ethanol：40%～50%, γ-contracting
Water glycerol ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane：18%～26%, stir, add nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder：30%
～35%, each component sum is separated by filtration absolutely, to be placed in 60 ± 5 DEG C of constant temperature, strong stirring, 2～4h of back flow reaction,
Filtrate is reclaimed, and with washing with alcohol, is dried, and grinding obtains pretreatment nano-silicon nitride powder；
(2) the laser sintered 3D printing technique preparation of nano-silicon nitride powder：In grinder, add by mass percentage,
Pretreatment nano-silicon nitride powder：84%～90%, epoxy resin：3%～8%, pyromellitic dianhydride：0.4%～1.0%,
Grinder rotating speed is opened at 300 revs/min, 5min is ground, acetone is added：5%～10%, each component sum is percent
Hundred, grinder rotating speed is opened at 300 revs/min, 30～40min is ground, it is dried, obtain laser sintered 3D printing technique nanometer
Alpha-silicon nitride powders, the particle diameter of resulting laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder is 0.1～0.5 μm of scope
It is interior.
2. a kind of laser sintered 3D printing technique according to claim 1 preparation method of nano-silicon nitride powder, its
It is characterised by, the particle diameter of the nano-si 3 n 4 ceramicses powder described in step (1) is in 0.1～0.4 μ m.
3. a kind of laser sintered 3D printing technique according to claim 1 preparation method of nano-silicon nitride powder, its
It is characterised by, the solid epoxy of the epoxide number of the epoxy resin described in step (2) between 0.2～0.4.
4. a kind of laser sintered 3D printing technique according to claim 1 is made with the preparation method of nano-silicon nitride powder
Standby laser sintered 3D printing technique nano-silicon nitride powder, it is characterised in that described laser sintered 3D printing technique is used
The condition of molding of nano-silicon nitride powder is：Laser power is 20～40W, and scanning speed is 1500mm/s, and sweep span is 0.1
～0.15mm, lift height be 0.10～0.2mm, preheating temperature：50 DEG C, processing temperature is 120～130 DEG C.
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| CN105215281A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-06 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method printing quartzy precoated sand for 3D |
| CN105195679A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-30 | 济南大学 | Preparing method for fast forming epoxy resin coated sand used for 3D printing |
| CN105254309B (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-11-14 | 佛山华智新材料有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing ceramic process |
| CN105367998A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州光韵达光电科技有限公司 | Preparation method of 3D printing material |
| CN106380173B (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2019-02-22 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation for laser sintered 3D printing rapid shaping black pottery powder |
| CN108264356A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-10 | 济南大学 | One kind is molded TiB for 3DP2The preparation method of composite ceramic material |
| CN112384359A (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2021-02-19 | 3M创新有限公司 | Additive layer manufacturing method and product |
| CN109761621B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-06-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for preparing large-size silicon nitride ceramic with complex shape |
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| CN103896601A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-07-02 | 清华大学 | Hot pressed sintering method of ceramic products with high density and complex shapes |
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| CN104291338A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2015-01-21 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of rapid-prototyping nano-silicon carbide material for 3D printing |
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| CN103896601A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-07-02 | 清华大学 | Hot pressed sintering method of ceramic products with high density and complex shapes |
| CN103936428A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-07-23 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of rapid molding powder material used for three dimensional printing |
| CN104291338A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2015-01-21 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of rapid-prototyping nano-silicon carbide material for 3D printing |
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