CN1038874A - 流体冷却方法及设备 - Google Patents
流体冷却方法及设备 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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Abstract
利用盐类水溶液上方的低蒸汽压力的冷却方法及设备,该盐类诸如氯化钙,氯化锂,溴化锂,或其混合物。将液体和热交换器中的循环水流间接接触进行散热。从流体吸热的水在减压下膨胀,释放水蒸汽并降低水温。然后用盐液吸收水蒸汽,盐液比释放的水蒸汽有较高的温度的而较低的水蒸汽压力。将剩余的水向热交换器循环。
Description
本发明与一种冷却方法及所用设备有关,具体有关冷却去除空气中的水分和/或热量的液体的空气调节设备和方法。
已知浓缩盐水溶液上方的水蒸汽压力,诸如氯化钙,氯化锂或溴化锂等或/和其混合物的溶液上方的压力,低于同温度的净水上方的水蒸汽压力,而这些溶液可用作吸水液。
在本发明的一个方面中,将从一个热交换器中吸收热量并将热量带走的循环水流,在闪蒸箱中减压膨胀。于是有相应于温降,即绝对压力的一部分水蒸汽释放出。将在闪蒸箱中膨胀择放的水蒸汽,引入有冷却表面的冷凝器,冷却表面连续用吸水浓盐液润湿。只要盐液上方的水蒸气压力,低于闪蒸箱膨胀释放的水蒸汽压力,则水蒸汽被盐液吸收,或在盐液中凝结。因此可能将水蒸汽在温度是20℃或比水蒸汽饱和温度高的盐溶液中冷凝。
因此本发明利用浓缩盐溶液上方的低水蒸汽压力,使温度高于被吸收的水蒸汽的盐液,可以吸收饱和水蒸汽。
本发明的另一目的,是提出一种冷却一种流体的方法和设备,该流体如用于空调系统内诸如空气之类气体去湿及冷却的吸收液。
本发明的一个理想实施方案,在下文中参照附图详述,该附图简示本发明的冷却系统。
如图显示,冷却系统有一个热交换器1,一个闪蒸箱2,冷凝器3,和泵4。一种从导管5中流过的流体,由于和从流体中吸热的循环水流间接接触,在热交换器1中冷却。举例而言,流体可以是一种吸收液,诸如浓缩盐溶液,由热交换器1冷却,通过导管44送入吸收器42,从直接接触吸收式空调器中的空气流46吸水。将水通过导管6引入热交换器,然后通过导管7排出。热交换器排出的热水,通过诸如限流阀30的压力控制装置,流入闪蒸箱2,箱中压力相当低,使水蒸汽可择放。水蒸发时需要的热从水中取得,使水温下降。然后将水蒸汽从闪蒸箱2中排出,通过导管8进入冷凝器3。闪蒸箱中留下的水被向热交换器1再循环,最好用泵4通过导管9进行。当水在蒸发中陆续消耗时,按需要通过导管10补充供水。将冷却的吸收液通过导管44,供给吸收器42,吸收液在里面吸收空气流46中的水分,并使之冷却。用泵50将吸收液通过导管48,送回热交换器1。至少可将吸收液的一部分,通过导管52,送入冷凝器3。
冷凝器3最好包括有直立的管式热交换元件11,有内表面26,和外表面28,热交换元件11同心外壳12包围。环形板20及21放在外壳垂直壁和热交换元件11的外表面28之间,在其上下端上形成围绕热交换元件11的封闭环形空间22。外壳12设进口13,使待冷却的蒸汽可进入封闭的空间22。最好将进口14设在上板20下方附近,使吸收液可引入空间22。进口15在壳12中设在板的上方,可将冷却液引入。出口16最好设在封闭空间22的底部上或其附近,使吸收水蒸汽的冷凝液而稀释的吸收液可回收。在出口16上方的外壳的出口19,与封闭的空间22接通,使未冷凝的气体可抽出。可将一个真空泵(未示)与出口19连接。
外壳12又设进气口17及出气口18,最好分设于其下、上端。叶轮24有助空气通过冷凝器3流动,沿热交换元件11内表面流过。
管式热交换元件11的上端伸出上板20,形成一个环形突出部29,帮助通过入口15供给的冷却液溢流,沿热交换元件11的内表面26向下流,形式最好为均匀液体薄膜。
设一环形板23,最好紧靠环形板20的下方,从外壳12的壁伸出,基本水平伸向换热元件11的外表面28,形成围绕换热元件11外表面28的圆孔,从而将吸收液通过进口14,引入封闭空间22,使之沿热交换元件11的外表面28向下流,形式最好为均匀薄膜。于是外壳12提供水蒸汽进口13,吸收液进口14,冷却液进口15,冷凝物(水蒸汽冷凝)稀释吸收液出口16,空气进口17及空气出口18。一个出口19用于排除未冷凝的气体。可有一个真空泵(未示)和出口19连接。
将在闪蒸箱2中通过膨胀释放的水蒸汽,通过导管8输送到进口13。闪蒸箱2及导管8,与围绕热交换元件11外表面的封闭空间22接通。将水蒸汽引入封闭空间22,使水蒸汽和通过一个或多个进口14供给的、并沿热交换元件11外表面28向下流动的吸收液接触。
热交换元件11的内侧26由冷却液例如水进行冷却,冷却液通过一个或多个进口15供给的,并最好均匀沿热交换元件的内表面向下流。空气最好逆向热交换元件中的水的方向流动,通过蒸发将水冷却。将蒸发的水和空气一起通过出口18排出。
通过进口13供给冷凝器3的水蒸汽,在热交换元件的外表面上冷凝,成为冷凝物随吸收液通过出口16排出。只要吸收液的温度及其浓缩能使液体上方的水蒸汽压力低于水蒸汽的饱和压力,则水蒸汽被吸收液吸收。
水蒸汽冷凝释放的热,被沿热交换元件11的内表面26上向下流的水吸收,向在其中通过的空气传递。
举例:
将用于空气调节系统中的去除水分和冷却空气的一种液体,举例如一种吸收液,在本发明的冷却系统中冷却。在热交换器1中,将液体和水间接换热,使液体温度从35℃冷却到18℃,使水从15℃加热到25℃。然后将水膨胀到沸点相当于15℃的压力。将释出的水蒸汽冷凝,由温度为35℃的浓度盐溶液吸收。将温度为30℃的并使供给内表面26的水蒸发的空气,通过热交换元件11抽吸。将温度为55℃的稀释盐液从出口16取出。
然后可将吸收水蒸汽而稀释的吸水液按已知的方法蒸发再生。
在本实施方案中,冷凝器3仅有一个管式热交换元件11,但显然可用若干热交换元件,可为管式或板式。热交元件内部可用液体冷却,或如上述用液体和气体冷却。
因此,虽然在本文中已就本发明目前可能考虑到的最实际的理想实施方案作说明及叙述,但对本领域有一般了解的人可能作出许多修改,而不超出发明的范围。本发明的范围应根据文后的权利要求书予以最广义的解释,以求包括一切等同的结构和方法。
Claims (16)
1、一种冷却液体的方法,包括下列步骤:
通过和热交换器中的一种液体间接接触将液体散热,热交换器有第一及第二表面互相传热地接触;
使该液体在减压下膨胀,取得蒸汽和剩余液体;
用吸收液冷凝并吸收该蒸汽,吸收液在相应温度的蒸汽压力低于该蒸汽的压力;
将该剩余液向该热交换器再循环。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是将该蒸汽和该热交器的该第一冷却表面上的吸收液接触。
3、根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征是利用沿第二表面流动的空气,通过蒸发该热交换器的润湿第二表面上的水,将该第一表面冷却。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是该液体基本是水。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是该流体为浓缩盐溶液,用作吸收液。
6、根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征是吸收液为氯化钙,氯化锂或溴化锂或其混合物。
7、一种冷却流体的设备,有下列各项:
将热量从该流体向液体传递的第一装置,
和该第一传热装置连接的装置,用以从该液体中释放蒸汽;
和该蒸汽释放装置连接,使该蒸汽冷凝的装置;该冷凝装置有第二传热装置,有第一冷却表面,将该蒸汽在该第一冷却表面上的吸收液中冷凝并吸收;
将该液体通过该蒸汽释放装置及该第一传热装置循环的装置;
保持该蒸汽释放装置中和该冷凝装置中的该冷却表面上面处于低压的装置。
8、根据权利要求7所述的设备,其特征是该冷凝装置另有一个第二冷却表面,与该第一冷却表面作传热接触;
围绕该第二传热装置的装置;
将该吸收液在该第二传热装置的该第一表面上分布的装置;
将蒸汽引入该壳体装置,并使该蒸汽与该吸收液接触的装置;
将由凝物稀释的吸收液从该壳体装置排出的装置;
使空气流体,与该第二传热装置的该第二表面接触的装置。
9、根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征是另有装置将冷却液在该第二表面上分布。
10、根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征是另有装置将该吸收液在该第一冷却表面上基本均匀分布。
11、根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征是另有装置将该冷却液在该第二冷却表面上基本均匀分布。
12、根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征是该冷却液是水。
13、根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征是该流体是浓缩盐溶液。
14、根据权利要求13所述的设备,其特征是该吸收液是氯化钙,氯化锂,或溴化锂,或其混合物。
15、根据权利要求13所述的设备,其特征是另有装置将该盐溶液和潮湿空气接触,清除水分;将该盐液供给该第一传热装置的装置。
16、根据权利要求15所述的设备,其特征是另有装置将该盐液从该第一传热装置向该空气接触装置输送的装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/206,036 US4877080A (en) | 1988-06-13 | 1988-06-13 | Process and apparatus for cooling a fluid |
US07/206,036 | 1988-06-13 |
Publications (1)
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CN1038874A true CN1038874A (zh) | 1990-01-17 |
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ID=22764718
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN89103992A Pending CN1038874A (zh) | 1988-06-13 | 1989-06-13 | 流体冷却方法及设备 |
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US (1) | US4877080A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1038874A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1279481C (zh) |
DD (1) | DD284081A5 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2013529A6 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT90822B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1991000760A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA894418B (zh) |
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SE365008B (zh) * | 1971-11-19 | 1974-03-11 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | |
AU473334B2 (en) * | 1972-10-23 | 1976-06-17 | VAINO JUHANI SAARI and ESKO ENSIO HUHTA-KOIVISTO RISTO | Improvements in means for distilling liquids |
SE450688B (sv) * | 1982-05-27 | 1987-07-20 | Gunnar Svedberg Ab | Sett och anleggning for att astadkomma vermeatervinning ur varm fuktig gas |
JPS59189265A (ja) * | 1983-04-13 | 1984-10-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 三重効用吸収式冷凍機 |
KR890004393B1 (ko) * | 1984-06-20 | 1989-11-03 | 가부시기 가이샤 히다찌 세이사꾸쇼 | 공냉형 흡수식 냉수기 |
NL8403281A (nl) * | 1984-10-30 | 1986-05-16 | Philips Nv | Absorptiewarmtepomp met geintegreerde generator en rectificator. |
US4593531A (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1986-06-10 | Ebara Corporation | Absorption cooling and heating apparatus and method |
-
1988
- 1988-06-13 US US07/206,036 patent/US4877080A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-06-08 ES ES8902002A patent/ES2013529A6/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-12 CA CA000602449A patent/CA1279481C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-12 PT PT90822A patent/PT90822B/pt active IP Right Grant
- 1989-06-12 ZA ZA894418A patent/ZA894418B/xx unknown
- 1989-06-12 DD DD89329505A patent/DD284081A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-13 CN CN89103992A patent/CN1038874A/zh active Pending
- 1989-07-10 WO PCT/FI1989/000108 patent/WO1991000760A1/en unknown
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1302357C (zh) * | 2003-10-31 | 2007-02-28 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 用于计算机芯片降温的溶质溶解降温冷却装置 |
US7583788B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2009-09-01 | South West Technology & Engineering Institute Of China | Measuring device for the shortwavelength x ray diffraction and a method thereof |
CN104606913A (zh) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-13 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种炸药造型粉水悬浮造粒工艺溶剂回收装置 |
CN104606913B (zh) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-05-25 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种炸药造型粉水悬浮造粒工艺溶剂回收装置 |
CN104964578A (zh) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-07 | 柳州永生好茶油有限公司 | 带冷却式回收装置的外热式软化水热水罐 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT90822A (pt) | 1989-12-29 |
US4877080A (en) | 1989-10-31 |
DD284081A5 (de) | 1990-10-31 |
PT90822B (pt) | 1994-07-29 |
ES2013529A6 (es) | 1990-05-01 |
WO1991000760A1 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
CA1279481C (en) | 1991-01-29 |
ZA894418B (en) | 1990-02-28 |
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