CN103884596B - Workpiece tensile test apparatus - Google Patents

Workpiece tensile test apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103884596B
CN103884596B CN201210559025.6A CN201210559025A CN103884596B CN 103884596 B CN103884596 B CN 103884596B CN 201210559025 A CN201210559025 A CN 201210559025A CN 103884596 B CN103884596 B CN 103884596B
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crossbeam
test apparatus
tensile test
charger
column
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CN103884596A (en
Inventor
王国彪
杨中伟
夏宏君
樊永生
刘茂平
孙长安
吴伟
何菲菲
孙俊峰
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Shandong Nuclear Power Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
NATIONAL NUCLEAR POWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Shandong Nuclear Power Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
NATIONAL NUCLEAR POWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of tensile test apparatus, comprising: horizontal base; Two columns; Movable beam, described base, described column and described crossbeam form vertical gantry frame structure; Two groups of hydraulically powered chargers, charger comprises hydraulic jack and piston rod, is connected to the stretched part between described base and described crossbeam for the horizontal jacking cross beam in the top with respect to column to stretch; And multiple pressure sensors, each pressure sensor is arranged on corresponding charger top, wherein: the first and second chargers are arranged between the top of a column and one end of crossbeam, and the third and fourth charger is arranged between the top of another column and the other end of crossbeam, first to fourth charger forms respectively four bights of rectangle; Described pressure sensor and corresponding charger are arranged between the top of corresponding column and the corresponding end of crossbeam.

Description

Workpiece tensile test apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tensile test apparatus of plastic material member, this plastic material member extensive useIn the fields such as machine-building, boats and ships, petrochemical industry, steel construction and construction of hydropower facilities. The present invention especiallyRelate to a kind of large-tonnage tensile test apparatus.
Background technology
At present in steel construction, engineering machinery, each field, oil recovery smelting ore deposit to bearing the large-scale of tensile loadWhen member carries out stretching experiment, or use horizontal test machine, or use the method for lifting load to tryTest. But the former can only carry out horizontal stretch, test hoisting mechanism etc. has the structure of vertical loading requirementPart needs lateral support to eliminate gravity effect, thereby is difficult to need the complexity of multiple spot horizontal supportingThe tension test of member; And the latter must use uncommon large tonnage crane, not only with electro-hydraulic servoIt is steady not that puller system is compared loading procedure, data acquisition difficulty, and be difficult to for undersized memberProvide suitable counterweight to carry out tension test.
In addition, for the size of tensile test specimen, the large or higher situation of test load, is used horizontalTesting machine and these two kinds of situations of use lifting load all have particular/special requirement to place.
Summary of the invention
For proposing a kind of tensile test apparatus that does not use large tonnage crane in drawing process, this is proposedInvention.
According to an aspect of the present invention, propose a kind of tensile test apparatus, having comprised: horizontal base,On base, be provided with base hanging piece, described base hanging piece is suitable for being connected to one end of stretched part; VerticallyBe supported in two columns on base; Movable beam, is parallel to the described end by described two columnsSeat supports, is provided with crossbeam hanging piece on crossbeam, described crossbeam hanging piece is suitable for being connected to described stretched partThe other end relative with described one end, described base, described column and described crossbeam form verticalGantry frame structure; Two groups of hydraulically powered chargers, comprise hydraulic jack and piston rod, forUtilize described in the horizontal jacking of piston rod described in crossbeam is connected to stretch with respect to the top of described columnStretched part between base hanging piece and described crossbeam hanging piece; And multiple pressure sensors, wherein:First group of charger is arranged between the top of a column and one end of crossbeam, and second group of loadingDevice is arranged between the top of another column and the other end of crossbeam; First group of charger comprisesThe first charger and the second charger, second group of charger comprises the 3rd charger and the 4thCharger, described the first charger, the second charger, the 3rd charger and the 4th addCarry device and form respectively four bights of rectangle; Described pressure sensor and corresponding charger settingBetween the top of corresponding column and the corresponding end of crossbeam.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, each pressure sensor is arranged on corresponding addingCarry device top, the end of piston rod is provided with spherical flange Part I, with described spherical flange theThe spherical flange Part II that a part forms sphere cooperation is arranged on a surface of raising plate, instituteState another surface of raising plate and arrange corresponding pressure sensor.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, on another surface of raising plate, be provided with cooperation recessedPortion; The lower end of the main body of described pressure sensor is provided with engagement protrusion, and described engagement protrusion is suitable for dressFit in described cooperating recesses.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, described base hanging piece comprises three suspension centres, described inThree suspension centres form a triangle; One end of three pulling force sensors is connected respectively to three suspension centres;The other end of three pulling force sensors is connected respectively to one end of three hoist cables, another of each hoist cableEnd is connected to again a corresponding fixing point on stretched part. Favourable, described pulling force sensor is protectedHold vertical location and measure the pulling force on vertical direction; The company of being provided with between described one end of described hoist cableExtension bar, with the transverse component of balance hoist cable.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, described pulling force sensor comprises: the first hanger part,One end of the first hanger part is provided with the first hanger, the other end is provided with and holds recess; Fixture, instituteState on the other end that fixture is fixed on described the first hanger part and described in covering, hold recess, fixtureOn be provided with opening; Stayed mast; The second hanger part, one end of the second hanger part be provided with the second hanger,The other end is connected to one end of stayed mast, and the other end of stayed mast extends to described appearance by described openingReceive in recess, the other end of described stayed mast is provided with enlarged-diameter portion; Pressure sensing part, describedHold in recess and be set on described stayed mast, and be limited in described enlarged-diameter portion and described fixingBetween the wall of the described opening of formation of part, wherein: hold between the first hanger part and described the second hanger partThe pulling force being subject to produces the extruding of described enlarged-diameter portion to described pressure sensing part.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, tensile test apparatus also comprises: pulling force sensor,Described pulling force sensor is arranged on the hoist cable being connected with described crossbeam hanging piece or is arranged on describedOn the connected hoist cable of base hanging piece. Favourable, described pulling force sensor comprises: the first hanger part, theOne end of one hanger part is provided with the first hanger, the other end is provided with and holds recess; Fixture, described inFixture is fixed on the other end of described the first hanger part and holds recess described in covering, on fixtureBe provided with opening; Stayed mast; The second hanger part, one end of the second hanger part be provided with the second hanger,The other end is connected to one end of stayed mast, and the other end of stayed mast extends to described appearance by described openingReceive in recess, the other end of described stayed mast is provided with enlarged-diameter portion; Pressure sensing part, describedHold in recess and be set on described stayed mast, and be limited in described enlarged-diameter portion and described fixingBetween the wall of the described opening of formation of part, wherein: hold between the first hanger part and described the second hanger partThe pulling force being subject to produces the extruding of described enlarged-diameter portion to described pressure sensing part.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, tensile test apparatus also comprises crossbeam caging system,Described crossbeam caging system comprises: the first limit assembly, engage with at least one in described column withPrevent that described crossbeam from moving with respect to column along the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam; The second limit assembly, withAt least one in described column engages to prevent that described crossbeam is in the jacking side perpendicular to described crossbeamTo plane in move with respect to column perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam. Favourable, describedOne limit assembly comprises: be arranged at least one pair of first roller unit on crossbeam, every a pair of first rollsTwo the first rollers of wheel unit engage respectively on two columns or be fixed on two columnsAlong longitudinal direction two surfaces of two pairs each other of described crossbeam, and the rotation of the first roller is verticalIn the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam; Described the second limit assembly comprises: be arranged at least one on crossbeamTo the second roller unit, two the second rollers of every a pair of the second roller unit engage respectively two columnsOn or be fixed on two columns respectively in the face of two surfaces of two sides of described crossbeam,And the rotation of the second roller is parallel to the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam.
Favourable, described at least one pair of first roller unit comprises two pairs of the first roller units, Qi ZhongyiThe first roller unit is arranged on to a side of crossbeam, and another is arranged on crossbeam to the first roller unitOpposite side; And/or described at least one pair of second roller unit comprises two pairs of the second roller units, whereinA pair of the second roller unit is near a column setting, and another to the second roller unit near anotherColumn arranges. Favourable, tensile test apparatus also comprises: detect described crossbeam perpendicular to vertical sideTo plane in the first offset sensor and second offset sensor of skew, wherein said first inclined to one sideDisplacement sensor detects the skew of described crossbeam along the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam, described the second skew sensingDevice detects the skew of described crossbeam along the direction of the longitudinal direction perpendicular to described crossbeam.
Tensile test apparatus also can comprise: alarm, and in the first offset sensor and the second skew sensingWhen exceeding predetermined threshold, in the data that device detects one sends warning.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, tensile test apparatus also comprises: promote auxiliary systemSystem, is lifted into stretched part to assist for the below that stretched part is lifted into described crossbeam hanging pieceOn crossbeam hanging piece, described lifting accessory system comprises electric block and is fixed on described column and hangs downThe guide rail directly extending in the side of described crossbeam, described electric block is suitable for moving along described guide rail.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the vertical line of pull of described crossbeam hanging piece is roughly wornCross the center of described rectangle.
Above tensile test apparatus also can comprise: multiple displacement transducers, and for measuring corresponding pistonThe stroke of bar. Favourable, tensile test apparatus also comprises: control system, and for controlling described two groupsCharger in charger, to regulate the stroke of each piston rod, makes described crossbeam with greatlyCause the mode of level by jacking.
Described control system can be controlled the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil that enters hydraulic cylinder, the jacking speed of piston rodWith the jacking time, the jacking that enters at least one in the oil mass of hydraulic oil of hydraulic cylinder and regulate crossbeamAmount. Favourable, the control accuracy of jacking amount is not more than 0.5mm.
Favourable, described control system comprises isochronous controller, and described isochronous controller receives from oftenThe signal of a displacement transducer and the signal of each pressure sensor, enter into choosing by adjustingThe oil mass of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder of selecting and/or oil-feed direction, make the stroke of each piston rodRoughly synchronous.
Utilize technical scheme of the present invention, at least can obtain one of following technique effect:
1, adopt vertical stretching, test and more meet reality for the member that has vertical stretching requirementBorder operating mode.
2, utilize tensile test apparatus of the present invention to carry out load test, without using large-tonnage to hangCar or loading equipemtn, also without other special supporting, equalizer bar or counterweight.
3, column is arranged on base and forms force-closed structure, and guarantee test load is only at apparatus structureInternal delivery, to ground without particular/special requirement, the removable use of whole table apparatus or deposit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein stretchesWorkpiece is not lifted on tensile test apparatus.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein stretchesWorkpiece is lifted on tensile test apparatus.
Fig. 4 a is the partial enlarged view of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention,Wherein show the top of column, hydraulically powered charger, pressure sensor, crossbeam relativelyPosition relationship, Fig. 4 b is the further zoomed-in view of the part in Fig. 4 a.
Fig. 5 embodies the hydraulically powered of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention to addCarry the graph of a relation of the position of device and the suspension centre of crossbeam hanging piece.
Fig. 6 is the hydraulically powered loading dress of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventionThe structural representation of putting.
Fig. 7 is the showing of crossbeam caging system of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventionIntention, the side view that wherein Fig. 7 a is crossbeam, is provided with crossbeam caging system on this crossbeam, Fig. 7 bFor the view of the A-A direction in Fig. 7 a, only show first spacing group that is arranged on crossbeam sidePart, and Fig. 7 c is the view of the B-B direction in Fig. 7 a, only shows and is arranged on crossbeam sideThe second limit assembly.
Fig. 8 is the pulling force sensor using in tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventionSchematic cross sectional views.
Fig. 9 is the decomposing schematic representation of the pulling force sensor in Fig. 8, and wherein Fig. 9 a shows as the application of forceThe fixture of nut, Fig. 9 b shows the first hanger part, and Fig. 9 c shows the second hanger part, and Fig. 9 d is aobviousShow stayed mast.
Figure 10 is the hydraulic synchronization control system of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventionSystem schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the pressure oil-feed of the hydraulic synchronous control system in Figure 10.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the embodiment of exemplary of the present invention below in detail, the example of embodiment is shown in the drawings,Wherein same or analogous label represents same or analogous element. The enforcement of describing below with reference to accompanying drawingExample is exemplary, is intended to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1,4a, 4b, tensile test apparatus bag according to an embodiment of the inventionDraw together: horizontal base 10, on base 10, be provided with base hanging piece 12, described base hanging piece 12 is suitable forBe connected to one end (lower end in Fig. 1) of stretched part 100; Vertically be supported in two on base 10Individual column 20; Movable beam 30, is parallel to described base 10 by described two columns 20 and supports,On crossbeam 30, be provided with crossbeam hanging piece 32, described crossbeam hanging piece 32 is suitable for being connected to described stretched part100 the other end relative with described one end (upper end in Fig. 1), described base 10, described verticalPost 20 and described crossbeam 30 form vertical gantry frame structure; Two groups of hydraulically powered chargers40, comprise hydraulic jack 42 and piston rod 44, utilize and live for the top with respect to described column 20Described in the horizontal jacking of stopper rod 44, crossbeam 30 is connected to described base hanging piece 12 and described crossbeam to stretchStretched part 100 between hanging piece 32; And multiple pressure sensors 50, each pressure sensingDevice 50 is arranged on corresponding charger 40 tops, wherein: first group of charger is arranged on oneFor example, for example, between one end (left end) of the top of column (left column) and crossbeam 30, and secondGroup charger is arranged on the top of another column (for example right column) and the other end of crossbeam 30Between; First group of charger comprises the first charger 40a and the second charger 40b, secondGroup charger comprises the 3rd charger 40c and the 4th charger 40d, and described first loads dressPut, the second charger, the 3rd charger and the 4th charger form respectively rectangle fourBight (for example, referring to Fig. 5); It is right that described pressure sensor 50 and corresponding charger 40 are arranged onAnswer between the top of column 20 and the corresponding end of crossbeam 30, as shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b. Correspondingly,The quantity of pressure sensor 50 is identical with the quantity of charger 40.
Tensile test apparatus in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shows the frame structure of tensile test apparatus, notCharger and pressure sensor are shown. In Fig. 2-3, the end of crossbeam 30 is moved in column 20Moving, Fig. 7 b clearly show that the end of crossbeam 30 and the position relationship of column. For example,, at figureIn 7b, column 20 comprises uprights 20a and uprights 20b, and uprights can be by I-steel groupBecome.
For the ease of arranging hydraulic loading device 40, the surface in the face of base 10 of crossbeam 30 need to haveSuitable width w, as shown in Fig. 7 b. Although it is pointed out that in Fig. 4-5 and only illustrate and existFour bights of crossbeam 30 are provided with four chargers, still, except these four chargers it, other charger can also be set outward, in the case of the width of crossbeam 30 is enough, canMinor face at rectangle is arranged three chargers 40.
In tensile test apparatus according to the present invention, because being arranged on base 10, column 20 formsForce-closed structure, thus test load only in the inside configuration transmission of tensile test apparatus, to ground withoutParticular/special requirement, the removable use of whole table apparatus or deposit. In addition, because adopt vertical stretching, according toTensile test apparatus of the present invention is tested and is more met reality for the member that has vertical stretching requirementBorder operating mode.
Stretch compared with the test piece of big-length scope for the ease of tensile test apparatus according to the present invention,The height that can design column makes its suitable length. For shorter test piece, can use longerDrag-line.
In tensile test apparatus according to the present invention, use at least four hydraulically powered chargers40 jacking cross beams 30 carry out tension test workpiece, thereby in drawing process, avoid using large-tonnage to hangCar or loading equipemtn.
Charger 40 can be commercially available large-tonnage jack. Pressure sensor 50 can be for appointingWhat commercially available large-tonnage pressure sensor, for example, this pressure sensor can be measured tens of tons to hundreds ofThe pressure of ton.
Although in Fig. 1,4a, 4b, each pressure sensor 50 is arranged on corresponding loading dressPut 40 tops, still, the top that pressure sensor 50 also can adjacent stud 20 and being arranged on addsCarry between device 40 and the top of column 20.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b, can be on the top of charger 40 and column 20 itBetween pressing plate 22 is set, so that the pressure of charger 40 is evenly distributed on the top of column 20. ClassLike, pressure sensor 50 can withstand on top board 31, with by equal the pressure of pressure sensor 50The even end that is distributed in crossbeam 30. Significantly, top board 31 and pressing plate 22 layout parallel to each other.
Favourable, as shown in Figure 6, the end of the piston rod 44 of charger 40 is provided with sphereFlange Part I 44a, forms spherical flange that sphere coordinates the with described spherical flange Part ITwo part 44b are arranged on a surface (lower surface in Fig. 6) of raising plate 46, described topAnother surface (upper surface in Fig. 6) of lift slab 46 arrange corresponding pressure sensor 50 (referring toFig. 4 b). Coordinate owing to forming sphere, can prevent in the situation that large-tonnage stretches due to pressure collectionIn and the parts damages that cause.
As shown in Fig. 4 b, on another surface of raising plate 46, be provided with cooperating recesses 46a; DescribedThe lower end of the main body of pressure sensor 50 is provided with engagement protrusion 52, and described engagement protrusion 52 is suitable for dressFit in described cooperating recesses 46a. Thus, can prevent that pressure sensor 50 is with respect to raising plate46 or charger 40 transverse shifts. Although do not illustrate, can be provided with and pressure on top board 31The recess that the engagement protrusion 54 of sensor 50 upper ends coordinates, the lower end of the main body of charger 40 alsoCan be engaged in the unshowned recess on pressing plate 22.
Although in Fig. 1-4a, 4b, do not illustrate,, according to tensile test apparatus of the present inventionAlso can comprise: multiple displacement transducers 92 (referring to Figure 10), for measuring corresponding piston rod 44Stroke. The numerical value recording can send in the control system of describing below as feedback data. CanThe displacement data recording based on displacement transducer determines whether crossbeam 30 is horizontal, orIn situation about not being horizontal, the row of the piston rod 44 of which or which charger 40Journey should be increased or decreased, or can also determine that whether the jacking speed of crossbeam 30 is too fast.
Fig. 2,3 shows specifically showing about of base hanging piece of tensile test apparatus of the present inventionExample. As shown in Fig. 2,3, described base hanging piece 12 comprises three suspension centres 121,122,123,Described three suspension centres form a triangle; One end of three pulling force sensors 70 is connected respectively to threeIndividual suspension centre; The other end of three pulling force sensors 70 is connected respectively to one end of three hoist cables 60, everyThe other end of a hoist cable 60 is connected to again a corresponding fixing point on stretched part 100. HaveProfit, described pulling force sensor 70 keeps vertically locating and measuring the pulling force on vertical direction; DescribedBetween described one end of hoist cable 60, be provided with connecting rod 62, with the transverse component of balance hoist cable 60. AsShown in Fig. 2, base hanging piece 12, except three above-mentioned suspension centres, can also comprise substantiallyBe positioned at stretched part 100 under suspension centre 124. In fact, if there is no to stretching hanging pieceComplicated stretching requirement, suspension centre 124 can be only set. Except comprising suspension centre 124, the endSeat hanging piece can also comprise other two, four or more suspension centre.
Can directly pulling force sensor be arranged on the hoist cable being connected with described crossbeam hanging piece 32 orBe arranged on the hoist cable being connected with described base hanging piece 12.
Pulling force sensor can be any commercially available large-tonnage pulling force sensor, for example, and this pull sensingDevice can be measured the pulling force that tens of tons arrive hundreds of tons. Except commercially available pulling force sensor, can use asThe pulling force sensor 70 of lower structure. The pressure measurement that this pulling force sensor 70 is subject to by measurement is subject toThe pulling force arriving.
As shown in Fig. 8-9, described pulling force sensor 70 comprises: the first hanger part 72, the first hangsOne end of ear piece is provided with the first hanger 721, the other end is provided with and holds recess 722; Fixture 74,Described fixture 74 is fixed on the other end of described the first hanger part and holds recess described in covering722, on fixture 74, be provided with opening 741; Stayed mast 76; The second hanger part 78, the second hangersOne end of part is provided with the second hanger 781, the other end and is connected to one end of stayed mast 76, stayed mast76 the other end holds in recess 722 described in extending to by described opening, described stayed mast 76The other end is provided with enlarged-diameter portion 761; Pressure sensing part 79, in described recess 722 inner sleeves of holdingBe located on described stayed mast 76, and be limited in described enlarged-diameter portion 761 and described fixture 74The wall of the described opening 741 of formation between, wherein: the first hanger part 72 and described the second hanger partThe pulling force bearing between 78 produces the extruding of described enlarged-diameter portion 761 to described pressure sensing part 79,Complete the conversion between pulling force and pressure.
Fixture 74 can be application of force nut, thereby fixture 74 can be threaded in the first hangerOn part 72. But, fixture 74 also can have been put at pressure sensing part 79 and stayed mast 76After in this pockets 72, can adopt other modes such as welding, pin joint to be fixed on first and hangOn ear piece 72. The pressure sensing part 79 is here similar to the pressure sensor 50 of above mentioning.
In the process of jacking cross beam 30, prevent that crossbeam 30 dislocation and unbalance loading from being very important. ForThis, can also comprise crossbeam caging system according to tensile test apparatus of the present invention, and described crossbeam is spacingSystem comprises: the first limit assembly, and described at least one in described column 20 engages to preventCrossbeam 30 moves with respect to column along the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam; The second limit assembly, with describedAt least one in column 20 engages to prevent that described crossbeam 30 is on the top perpendicular to described crossbeam 30In the plane of liter direction, move with respect to column 20 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam 30. Letter andYan Zhi, the first limit assembly prevent crossbeam 30 with respect to column 20 in Fig. 7 a along direction X (correspondenceIn the longitudinal direction of crossbeam) mobile, and the second limit assembly prevents that crossbeam 30 from existing with respect to column 20In Fig. 7 a, move along direction Y. Can use (being for example fixed on column) of being fixed on outside crossbeam"] " shape guide groove and be fixed on the moving direction that slide block on crossbeam coordinates, utilizes guide groove restriction slide blockMode realize the restriction of the moving direction to crossbeam 30, concrete, vertical along column on column"] of direction " two minor faces of shape guide groove can prevent that crossbeam is excessively mobile along Y-direction, and twoIn the situation that individual guide groove coordinates, "] " base of shape guide groove can prevent that crossbeam from excessively moving along directions XMoving.
In Fig. 7, show specially crossbeam caging system according to an embodiment of the invention, Qi Zhongtu7a is the side view of crossbeam 30, on this crossbeam 30, is provided with crossbeam caging system, and Fig. 7 b is Fig. 7 aIn the view of A-A direction, only show the first limit assembly 82 of being arranged on crossbeam sideA part (left half), and Fig. 7 c is the view of the B-B direction in Fig. 7 a, only shows installationThe second limit assembly 84 (right side) on crossbeam side.
As shown in Fig. 7 a, 7b, described the first limit assembly 82 comprises: be arranged on crossbeam 30At least one pair of first roller unit 822, two the first rollers of every a pair of the first roller unit 822822a engage respectively on two columns 20 or be fixed on two columns 20 along described crossbeam30 longitudinal direction (directions X) is two surperficial 20a1 of two couples each other, and the first roller 822aRotation is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam 30. In Fig. 7 a, only show and be arranged on horizontal strokeA pair of first roller unit 822 of one side of beam 30, still, known from Fig. 7 b, crossbeam 30Opposite side be also provided with a pair of the first roller unit 822. A pair of the first roller 822a engages respectively twoThe relative surperficial 20a1 of individual column 20 and limit crossbeam 30 and move along directions X.
As shown in Fig. 7 a, 7c, described the second limit assembly 84 comprises: be arranged on crossbeam 30At least one pair of second roller unit 842, two the second rollers of every a pair of the second roller unit 842842a engage respectively on two columns 20 or be fixed on described in facing respectively on two columns 20Two surperficial 20a2 of two sides of crossbeam, and the rotation of the second roller 842a is parallel to instituteState the longitudinal direction of crossbeam 30. In Fig. 7 c, illustrated be arranged on crossbeam 30 one end both sides oneTo the second roller unit 842, still, known from Fig. 7 a, the other end of crossbeam 30 is also provided withA pair of the second roller unit 842. As shown in Fig. 7 c, a pair of the second roller 842a composition surface respectivelyTwo surperficial 20a2 to two of described crossbeam 30 sides and limit crossbeam 30 and move along Y-direction.Shown in Fig. 7 c, the surface that surperficial 20a2 is made up of the tripod being fixed on column 20 is carriedConfession, but, if necessary, the second roller 842a also can directly engage with column 20, for example, existIn Fig. 7 c, engage with the ora terminalis 20a3 of the I-steel that forms column 20.
As shown in Fig. 7 a-7c, described at least one pair of first roller unit 822 comprises that two pairs first are rolledWheel unit, wherein a pair of the first roller unit 822 is arranged on a side of crossbeam 30, and another is toOne roller unit 822 is arranged on the opposite side of crossbeam 30; And/or described at least one pair of second roller listUnit 842 comprises two pairs of the second roller units, and wherein a pair of the second roller unit 842 is near a columnArrange, and another arranges near another column the second roller unit 842.
Although do not illustrate,, tensile test apparatus also can comprise: detect described crossbeam 30 and existPerpendicular to the first offset sensor and second offset sensor of the skew in the plane of vertical direction, itsDescribed in the first offset sensor detect the longitudinal direction (directions X) of described crossbeam 30 along described crossbeamSkew, described the second offset sensor detects described crossbeam along the longitudinal direction perpendicular to described crossbeamThe skew of direction (Y-direction). Favourable, tensile test apparatus also can comprise alarm,When in the data that one offset sensor and the second offset sensor detect one exceeds predetermined thresholdSend warning. Based on this alarm, control module cited below can stop drive load device 40Jacking cross beam 30.
As shown in Fig. 2-3, tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention also comprises and carryingRise accessory system, its for the below that stretched part 100 is lifted into described crossbeam hanging piece 32 with auxiliaryHelp stretched part 100 is lifted on crossbeam hanging piece 32, described lifting accessory system comprises electronic calabashReed 120 and the guide rail that is fixed on described column 20 and extends perpendicular to the side of described crossbeam 30130, described electric block 120 is suitable for moving along described guide rail 130. By electric block 120, canSo that stretched part 100 " is caught " outside the door-shaped frame of tensile test apparatus, then will " connectLive " stretched part 100 move to crossbeam hanging piece 32 under, this can greatly improveOperating efficiency. This lifting accessory system can also comprise operating platform 140.
In order to prevent that crossbeam 30 is offset or misplaces in jacking process, favourable, carrying out stretchingBefore, the vertical line of pull of this crossbeam hanging piece roughly passes the center of described rectangle, in other words, and as Fig. 5Shown in, the suspension centre of crossbeam hanging piece is roughly positioned at the center of rectangle in Fig. 5.
The control system of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention is described below. Figure 10For the hydraulic synchronous control system schematic diagram of tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.Figure 11 is the structural representation of the pressure oil-feed of the hydraulic synchronous control system in Figure 10. Described controlSystem is for controlling the charger 40 of described two groups of chargers, to regulate each piston rod44 stroke, make described crossbeam 30 in the mode of approximate horizontal by jacking. Described control system canControl enters the jacking speed of oil pressure, piston rod 44 of the hydraulic oil of hydraulic cylinder 42 and jacking time,Enter at least one in the oil mass of hydraulic oil of hydraulic cylinder 42 and regulate the jacking amount of crossbeam 30. HaveProfit, the control accuracy of jacking amount is not more than 0.5mm. More favourable, described control system comprises sameStep controller 94, described isochronous controller receive from the signal of each displacement transducer 92 andThe signal of each pressure sensor 50, enters into the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 42 of selection by adjustingOil mass and/or the oil-feed direction of oil, make the stroke of each piston rod 44 roughly synchronous.
As shown in Figure 10, for example, from main oil pump 96 (high-pressure plunger pump) hydraulic oil process outFour electromagnetic switching valves 98 are supplied to respectively four hydraulic cylinders 42, by each electromagnetic switching valve 98Handover operation control enter into the oil pocket of piston 43 tops of each hydraulic cylinder 42 or the oil of belowChamber is with decline or the rising of control piston bar 44.
The isochronous controller 94 of control system can be controlled multiple charger 40 horizontal strokes of jacking simultaneously simultaneouslyBeam 30. (it can be by the calculator in isochronous controller for stroke difference between piston rod 44Calculate) progressive error threshold value (it can be stored in the memory of isochronous controller 94) scope itIn and/or difference between the pressure that records of pressure sensor 50 (it can be by isochronous controllerCalculator calculate) threshold pressure difference (it can be stored in the memory of isochronous controller 94)Scope is with in interior situation, the directly all chargers 40 of Synchronization Control of isochronous controller 94,For example, the while is supplied with hydraulic oil to the oil pocket of piston 43 belows of the hydraulic cylinder 42 of charger 40.In the situation that pressure difference value overpressure difference limen value and/or progressive error exceed progressive error threshold value, controlSystem can be controlled separately respectively each piston rod 44, to regulate the stroke of each piston rod 44Or the pressure that carries of pressure sensor corresponding to each piston rod, also can regulate separately itIn several chargers, keep the current operation of other chargers 40 simultaneously. By adjusting one by oneJoint or local modulation, can realize large between stroke between multiple chargers 40, bearing capacityCause equilibrium.
As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the oil-feed side of main oil pump 96 is also provided with and forces oil-feed pump 99.Utilize this pressure oil-feed pump 99, make main oil pump 96 be transformed into pressure oil-feed from negative pressure oil suction, therebyGreatly improve the volumetric efficiency of main oil pump 96. In the present invention, utilize frequency converter to change main oil pumpThe rotating speed of 96 motor, being conducive to main oil pump provides within the scope of 300r/min-2000r/m and providesLinear relationship between pump speed and oil pump flow, for example situation at 70Mpa at main oil pump pressureUnder, provide flow from the linear change between 0.3L/min-1.2L/min; In addition, by Figure 10In described Synchronization Control, adopt data signal, avoided the signal interference problem of control system.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, being appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can be to these embodimentChange. The scope of application of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (20)

1. a tensile test apparatus, comprising:
Horizontal base, is provided with base hanging piece on base, described base hanging piece is suitable for being connected to stretching workOne end of part;
Vertically be supported in two columns on base;
Movable beam, is parallel to described base by described two columns and supports, and is provided with horizontal stroke on crossbeamBeam hanging piece, described crossbeam hanging piece is suitable for being connected to another relative with described one end of described stretched partEnd, described base, described column and described crossbeam form vertical gantry frame structure;
Two groups of hydraulically powered chargers, comprise hydraulic jack and piston rod, for respect to describedThe top of column utilize described in the horizontal jacking of piston rod crossbeam be connected to stretch described base hanging piece withStretched part between described crossbeam hanging piece; And
Multiple pressure sensors,
Wherein:
First group of charger is arranged between the top of a column and one end of crossbeam, and second groupCharger is arranged between the top of another column and the other end of crossbeam;
First group of charger comprises the first charger and the second charger, second group of chargerComprise the 3rd charger and the 4th charger, described the first charger, the second charger,The 3rd charger and the 4th charger form respectively four bights of rectangle;
Described pressure sensor and corresponding charger are arranged on the top of corresponding column and crossbeamBetween corresponding end.
2. tensile test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
Each pressure sensor is arranged on corresponding charger top, and the end of piston rod is provided withSpherical flange Part I, forms spherical flange that sphere coordinates the with described spherical flange Part ITwo parts are arranged on a surface of raising plate, and corresponding pressure is arranged on another surface of described raising platePower sensor.
3. tensile test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
On another surface of raising plate, be provided with cooperating recesses;
The lower end of the main body of described pressure sensor is provided with engagement protrusion, and described engagement protrusion is suitable for dressFit in described cooperating recesses.
4. tensile test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
Described base hanging piece comprises three suspension centres, and described three suspension centres form a triangle;
One end of three pulling force sensors is connected respectively to three suspension centres;
The other end of three pulling force sensors is connected respectively to one end of three hoist cables, each hoist cableThe other end is connected to again a corresponding fixing point on stretched part.
5. tensile test apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
Described pulling force sensor keeps vertically locating and measuring the pulling force on vertical direction;
Between described one end of described hoist cable, be provided with connecting rod, with the transverse component of balance hoist cable.
6. tensile test apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
Described pulling force sensor comprises:
The first hanger part, one end of the first hanger part is provided with the first hanger, the other end is provided with and holdsRecess;
Fixture, described fixture is fixed on the other end of described the first hanger part to cover described appearanceReceive recess, on fixture, be provided with opening;
Stayed mast;
The second hanger part, one end of the second hanger part is provided with the second hanger, the other end is connected to pulling forceOne end of bar, holds in recess described in the other end of stayed mast extends to by described opening, described in drawThe other end of power bar is provided with enlarged-diameter portion;
Pressure sensing part, was set on described stayed mast in described holding in recess, and was limited in instituteState between the wall of the described opening of formation of enlarged-diameter portion and described fixture,
Wherein:
The pulling force bearing between the first hanger part and described the second hanger part produces described enlarged-diameter portionTo the extruding of described pressure sensing part.
7. tensile test apparatus according to claim 1, also comprises:
Pulling force sensor, described pulling force sensor be arranged on the hoist cable being connected with described crossbeam hanging piece orPerson is arranged on the hoist cable being connected with described base hanging piece.
8. tensile test apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
Described pulling force sensor comprises:
The first hanger part, one end of the first hanger part is provided with the first hanger, the other end is provided with and holdsRecess;
Fixture, described fixture is fixed on the other end of described the first hanger part to cover described appearanceReceive recess, on fixture, be provided with opening;
Stayed mast;
The second hanger part, one end of the second hanger part is provided with the second hanger, the other end is connected to pulling forceOne end of bar, holds in recess described in the other end of stayed mast extends to by described opening, described in drawThe other end of power bar is provided with enlarged-diameter portion;
Pressure sensing part, was set on described stayed mast in described holding in recess, and was limited in instituteState between the wall of the described opening of formation of enlarged-diameter portion and described fixture,
Wherein:
The pulling force bearing between the first hanger part and described the second hanger part produces described enlarged-diameter portionTo the extruding of described pressure sensing part.
9. tensile test apparatus according to claim 1, also comprises crossbeam caging system, instituteStating crossbeam caging system comprises:
The first limit assembly, with at least one in described column engage to prevent described crossbeam along described inThe longitudinal direction of crossbeam moves with respect to column;
The second limit assembly, engages to prevent that with at least one in described column described crossbeam is verticalIn the plane of the jacking direction of described crossbeam perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam with respect to columnMobile.
10. tensile test apparatus according to claim 9, wherein:
Described the first limit assembly comprises: be arranged at least one pair of first roller unit on crossbeam, and everyTwo the first rollers of a pair of the first roller unit engage respectively on two columns or be fixed on twoThe longitudinal direction along described crossbeam on individual column is two surfaces of two pairs each other, and the revolving of the first rollerShaft axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam;
Described the second limit assembly comprises: be arranged at least one pair of second roller unit on crossbeam, and everyTwo the second rollers of a pair of the second roller unit engage respectively on two columns or be fixed on twoTwo surfaces facing respectively two sides of described crossbeam on individual column, and the rotation of the second rollerAxis is parallel to the longitudinal direction of described crossbeam.
11. tensile test apparatus according to claim 10, wherein:
Described at least one pair of first roller unit comprises two pairs of the first roller units, wherein a pair of first rollsWheel unit is arranged on a side of crossbeam, and another is arranged on the opposite side of crossbeam to the first roller unit;And/or
Described at least one pair of second roller unit comprises two pairs of the second roller units, wherein a pair of second rollsWheel unit is near a column setting, and another arranges near another column the second roller unit.
12. tensile test apparatus according to claim 9, also comprise:
Detect the first offset sensor of the skew of described crossbeam in the plane perpendicular to vertical directionWith the second offset sensor, wherein said the first offset sensor detects described crossbeam along described crossbeamThe skew of longitudinal direction, described the second offset sensor detects described crossbeam along perpendicular to described crossbeamThe skew of the direction of longitudinal direction.
13. tensile test apparatus according to claim 12, also comprise:
Alarm, in the data that the first offset sensor and the second offset sensor detect oneWhile exceeding predetermined threshold, send warning.
14. tensile test apparatus according to claim 1, also comprise:
Promote accessory system, for the below that stretched part is lifted into described crossbeam hanging piece with assist byStretched part is lifted on crossbeam hanging piece, and described lifting accessory system comprises electric block and is fixed onThe guide rail extending on described column and perpendicular to the side of described crossbeam, described electric block is suitable for along instituteStating guide rail moves.
15. tensile test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
The vertical line of pull of described crossbeam hanging piece roughly passes the center of described rectangle.
16. according to the tensile test apparatus described in any one in claim 1-15, also comprises:
Multiple displacement transducers, for measuring the stroke of corresponding piston rod.
17. tensile test apparatus according to claim 16, also comprise:
Control system, for controlling the charger of described two groups of chargers, to regulate eachThe stroke of piston rod, make described crossbeam in the mode of approximate horizontal by jacking.
18. tensile test apparatus according to claim 17, wherein:
Described control system control enter the hydraulic oil of hydraulic cylinder oil pressure, piston rod jacking speed andJacking time, the jacking amount that enters at least one in the oil mass of hydraulic oil of hydraulic cylinder and regulate crossbeam.
19. tensile test apparatus according to claim 18, wherein:
The control accuracy of jacking amount is not more than 0.5mm.
20. tensile test apparatus according to claim 17, wherein:
Described control system comprises isochronous controller, and described isochronous controller receives from each displacementThe signal of sensor and the signal of each pressure sensor, enter into the hydraulic pressure of selection by adjustingThe oil mass of the hydraulic oil in cylinder and/or oil-feed direction, make the stroke of each piston rod roughly synchronous.
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