CN114002079A - Large-scale interface shearing equipment and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Large-scale interface shearing equipment and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114002079A CN114002079A CN202111317142.7A CN202111317142A CN114002079A CN 114002079 A CN114002079 A CN 114002079A CN 202111317142 A CN202111317142 A CN 202111317142A CN 114002079 A CN114002079 A CN 114002079A
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses large-scale interface shearing equipment and an implementation method thereof. In the testing process, a material with high strength is placed into the lower shearing box, a material with low strength is placed into the upper shearing box, then the air compressor is started, the valve control normal pressure value of the air pressure boosting cylinder is adjusted, and after the air pressure boosting cylinder is stabilized, the horizontal servo thrust system is further started to apply horizontal thrust to the upper shearing box, so that interface shearing is achieved. In the whole shearing process, the whole process data acquisition of horizontal servo thrust, horizontal displacement and normal pressure is realized through an equipment control system, and an interface shearing characteristic curve among different materials is obtained. The equipment has large shearing contact area, has the normal pressure stabilizing function and the vertical pressure data real-time acquisition function, can more accurately obtain the shearing characteristics of different material interfaces, and has important popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to geotechnical test equipment, in particular to large-scale interface shearing equipment and an implementation method thereof.
Background
The direct shear equipment is widely applied to geotechnical tests in geotechnical engineering to determine the shear strength of various geotechnical materials and determine the interface shear characteristics among the materials, has the characteristics of simple operation, accurate data and the like, and is a main test method for determining various granular soil sample strength indexes. However, the influence of the stress condition of the soil body boundary cannot be eliminated due to the undersize of the currently manufactured small direct shear equipment, the change condition of the pressure stress cannot be accurately obtained by applying the normal pressure of the large direct shear equipment by using a jack, and the problem that the normal pressure is seriously dropped when a shear test is started cannot be solved, so that the accurate measurement of the normal stress is difficult, an application object is excessively conservative during design, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are wasted.
With the development of social economy, the size scale of a foundation base is larger and larger, and the influence of the variability on the design caused by the undersize shearing interface of the traditional interface shearing test is more and more obvious; meanwhile, with the improvement of the theoretical level of design, the interface shearing and friction design between the structure and the foundation soil body is gradually changed from the traditional constant-working-condition constant load control to the whole-process dynamic load control, and the normal pressure of the interface between the structure and the foundation soil body is continuously not changed at the moment, so that the application prospect of the large-scale foundation shearing test equipment is very wide. If we can solve the technical bottleneck provided in the upper section, the design of the large-scale foundation can be more reasonable, great benefits are provided for promoting the construction and development of the infrastructure in China, and the social and economic benefits are remarkable.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides large-scale interface shearing equipment which can accurately obtain the interface shearing characteristics between different materials.
The invention also aims to provide an implementation method for carrying out interface shearing tests of different materials by adopting the large-scale interface shearing equipment.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to large-scale interface shearing equipment, which comprises:
a platform device having a support slot and a slide rail device;
the shearing box device comprises a lower shearing box and an upper shearing box, the lower shearing box is arranged in the supporting groove, and the upper shearing box is arranged on the sliding rail device and supported above the lower shearing box through the sliding rail device to horizontally slide;
the normal pressure loading device is arranged on the upper shearing box and comprises an air pressure booster cylinder, a pressure loading plate and a normal pressure sensor; the pneumatic pressure cylinder is connected with the pressure loading plate, and normal pressure is applied to the upper shearing box through the pressure loading plate;
the horizontal servo push-pull device is arranged on the platform device, connected with the upper shearing box and comprises a servo electric cylinder and a horizontal force sensor, and the servo electric cylinder is used for applying a horizontal driving force with the direction consistent with the sliding direction of the sliding rail device to the interior of the upper shearing box;
the pneumatic transmission system provides a power source for the pneumatic pressure cylinder;
and the control system controls the normal pressure loading device and the horizontal servo push-pull device, and receives and processes data of the normal pressure loading device and the horizontal servo push-pull device.
In one embodiment, the platform device comprises a platform frame, and the top of the platform frame is recessed to form the support groove.
The sliding rail device comprises two rails and a sliding block arranged on the rails in a sliding mode, the two rails are arranged at the top of the platform frame and are respectively located on two sides of the supporting groove, and the upper shearing box is connected to the sliding block.
The platform device also comprises a counter-force baffle plate used for fixing the servo electric cylinder, and the counter-force baffle plate is arranged at the top of the platform frame.
The normal pressure loading device further comprises a reaction frame used for fixing the air pressure pressurization cylinder, and the reaction frame is detachably connected to two sides of the upper shearing box.
The sliding direction of the sliding rail device is the length direction of the lower shearing box and the upper shearing box, and the length of the lower shearing box is longer than that of the upper shearing box.
The air pressure transmission system comprises an air compressor, an air pressure adjusting valve and a connecting air pipe, wherein the air compressor conveys compressed air to the air pressure boosting cylinder through the connecting air pipe, and the pressure of air transmission is adjusted through the air pressure adjusting valve.
The control system comprises an electric control cabinet, a data transmission line and data receiving and processing equipment, wherein the electric control cabinet respectively controls the normal pressure loading device and the horizontal servo push-pull device to work, and transmits acquired data to the data receiving and processing equipment through the data transmission line.
A lifting rod for carrying the normal force loading device is arranged on the reaction frame; the platform arrangement further comprises a bracket arrangement mounted on top of the platform frame.
Corresponding to the large interface shearing equipment, the invention provides an implementation method for carrying out interface shearing tests of different materials by adopting the equipment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing a material with higher strength in the interface shear test material into a lower shear box;
(2) placing the material with weaker strength in the interface shear test material into an upper shear box;
(3) providing compressed air for the air pressure cylinder through an air pressure transmission system, and driving a pressure loading plate by the air pressure cylinder to apply pressure on the material in the upper shearing box; in the process, the normal pressure is adjusted to a required value or the normal pressure value is dynamically adjusted in real time according to the requirement;
(4) the servo electric cylinder works and applies horizontal driving force to the upper shearing box, and data of the normal pressure sensor, the horizontal force sensor and the servo electric cylinder are collected and transmitted to data receiving and processing equipment through a control system, and finally an interface shearing test result is obtained.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method enlarges the interface shearing equipment, can effectively improve the influence of the boundary effect on the shearing test data, and can realize the unidirectional shearing and bidirectional circulating shearing in an ultra-long distance. According to the invention, the normal pressure load is applied by adopting the air pressure booster cylinder, and when the normal pressure is reduced in the shearing process, the air pressure booster cylinder can automatically supplement pressure according to the set pressure value, so that the defect that the pressure cannot be supplemented due to pressure drop in the application method of the traditional oil jack is overcome; meanwhile, the normal pressure feedback value can be monitored in real time, normal pressure load can be dynamically adjusted in the shearing test process, and the whole process load working condition of actual engineering is simulated, so that the interface shearing test developed by the equipment has practical value.
In addition, compared with the method that the existing test equipment is provided with the limiting groove and the ball, the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box of the equipment are connected through the sliding rail device, and the sliding friction force of the upper shearing box in the shearing process is greatly reduced. And the slide rail device can also realize the bidirectional circulating shearing function, which is not available in the traditional mode, so that the equipment has better universality.
The large-scale interface shearing equipment disclosed by the invention is simple in manufacturing principle, convenient to operate, high in automation degree, capable of saving a large amount of testing time and free of potential safety hazard. The novel geotechnical test equipment is provided for large-scale interface shear test and characteristic research thereof, the developed interface shear test has rich working condition types, can meet the geotechnical test requirements of conventional and special projects, and has huge popularization and application potentials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a large interface shearing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a platform assembly of the large interface shearing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the platform assembly of the large interface shearing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the lower shear box of the large interface shear device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the upper shear box of the large scale interface shear apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection between the normal pressure device and the shear box device in the large-scale interface shearing apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the connection between the horizontal servo push-pull device and the shear box device in the large-scale interface shearing equipment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a large-scale interface shearing apparatus, which includes a platform device 1, a shearing box device 2, a normal pressure loading device 3, a horizontal servo push-pull device 4, a control system 5, and an air pressure transmission system 6.
Specifically, the platform device 1 includes a platform frame 10, a slide rail device 11 disposed at the top of the platform frame 10, a bracket device 12, and a roller device 13 connected to the bottom of the platform frame 10. The shear box device 2 comprises an upper shear box 20 and a lower shear box 21. The normal pressure loading device 3 comprises a pneumatic pressure cylinder 30, a normal pressure sensor 31, a pressure loading plate 32, a reaction frame 33 for connecting the upper shear box device 20 and the pneumatic pressure cylinder 30, and a lifting rod 34 arranged on the reaction frame 32. The horizontal servo push-pull device 4 comprises a servo electric cylinder 40 and a horizontal force sensor 41. The control system 5 comprises an electrical control cabinet 50, a data transmission line 51 and a data receiving and processing device 52. The air pressure transmission system 6 comprises an air compressor 61, an air pressure regulating valve 62 and a connecting air pipe 63.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3 together, the main body of the platform frame 10 is a frame structure, and is formed by welding square steel pipes with strength grade of Q345 and above, and the space formed by the top cross beam 101, the middle cross beam 102, the corner upright posts 103 and the top upright posts 104 can be just embedded into the lower shear box 21. A series of bottom supporting cross beams 105 are uniformly welded on the middle cross beam 102 in the long-side direction of the bottom projection of the lower shearing box 21, the bottom supporting cross beams 105 are perpendicular to the middle cross beam 102, and the number of the bottom supporting cross beams 105 is at least 2, so that the lower shearing box 21 is more stable when being embedded into the platform frame 10.
Further, a square steel pipe is welded at the outer end of the bottom cross beam 106 in an extending manner, 3 short square steel pipes with the length are evenly welded on one side of the extending steel pipe, and an oblique square steel pipe is welded on the other side of the extending steel pipe and connected with the platform frame 10, so that the overhanging load frame 107 is formed, and the purpose is to stably place the electrical control cabinet 50.
Furthermore, a reaction baffle plate 108 is installed at the middle position of the short side direction of the platform frame 10, the reaction baffle plate is made of steel plates with strength grade of Q345 and above, and is respectively connected with the upper layer short side beam 109 and the middle short side beam 110, meanwhile, a pair of triangular stiffening ribs are further welded on the upper layer short side beam 109 and the reaction baffle plate 108, and the reaction baffle plate 108 is mainly used for fixing the servo electric cylinder 40.
Further, a rail assembly 11 is mounted to the top cross member 101 for attachment to the upper shear box. Meanwhile, a bracket device 12 is also arranged on the surface of the top-layer cross beam 101, and the bracket device consists of two vertical steel pipes and a horizontal steel plate, and is used for temporarily placing the normal pressure loading device 3.
Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the shear box device 2 includes an upper shear box 20 and a lower shear box 21, which are rectangular box structures formed by splicing steel plates with strength grade Q345 and above. Wherein, the top surface and the bottom surface of the upper shearing box 20 are both opened, and the top surface of the lower shearing box 21 is opened, and is provided with a bottom plate. The two are of the same width, but the lower shear box 21 is at least 10cm longer than the upper shear box 20. Meanwhile, a pair of horizontally placed fixing wing plates 201 are installed at the lower edges of both sides of the upper shear box 20, the fixing wing plates 201 are steel plates with strength grade Q345 and above, and bolt holes are reserved so as to be fixed with the slide blocks of the slide rail device 11 in a bolt connection mode.
As shown in fig. 6, a pair of positioning shelves 202 are respectively disposed above the fixed wing plate 201 in the upper shear box 20 by means of bolt connection, and the length of the positioning shelves 202 is slightly greater than the length of the bottom of the reaction frame 33, and the material of the positioning shelves is the same as that of the fixed wing plate 201.
Further referring to fig. 6 and 7, the reaction frame 33 is similar to a portal rigid frame structure, and is formed by splicing an upper rectangular steel plate, a lower rectangular steel plate, a middle trapezoidal transition steel plate and a top rectangular steel plate, wherein the strength grade of the steel plates is Q345 and above. Meanwhile, a pair of lifting rods 34 composed of steel bars are respectively arranged on the steel plates on the two side surfaces of the reaction frame 33, and are used for transporting the normal pressure loading device 3 to the bracket device 12.
Wherein, after the bottom of the reaction frame 33 is horizontally placed on the positioning shelf 202, the steel plates on the two sides are fixedly connected with the two sides of the upper shearing box 20 through bolts, and the steel plate on the top surface is fixedly connected with the air pressure cylinder 30. Further, the ram of the pneumatic booster cylinder 30 is connected to one end of a normal pressure sensor 31, and the other end of the normal pressure sensor 31 is connected to a pressure loading plate 32.
As shown in fig. 1 and 7, the servo cylinder 40 is horizontally placed on the surface of the platform frame 10 and fixed to the reaction force blocking plate 108 by bolts. Furthermore, the ejector rod of the servo electric cylinder 40 is connected with one end of a horizontal force sensor 41, the other end of the horizontal force sensor 41 is connected with a stiffening backing plate 42 on the side wall of the upper shearing box 20, and the stiffening backing plate 42 is located in the middle of the side wall of the upper shearing box 20, so that the purpose of uniformly stressing the side wall of the upper shearing box 20 and avoiding the influence on the monitoring of relative displacement due to large local deformation caused by stress concentration is achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, the pneumatic transmission system 6 inputs compressed air into the pneumatic pressure cylinder 30 to ensure normal pressure output, and the electrical control cabinet 50 controls the normal pressure loading device 3 and the horizontal servo push-pull device 4 to work respectively, and transmits the acquired data to the data receiving and processing device 52 through the data transmission line 51.
The embodiment also provides an implementation method for carrying out interface shearing tests of different materials by adopting the large-scale interface shearing equipment, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the normal pressure loading device is integrally conveyed to the bracket device through the lifting rod;
(2) placing a material with higher strength in the interface shear test material into a lower shear box;
(3) the normal pressure loading device is conveyed from the bracket device again through the lifting rod and is placed on the positioning shelf, and the normal pressure loading device is connected and fixed with the upper shearing box through the bolt;
(4) placing the material with weaker strength in the interface shear test material into an upper shear box;
(5) starting an air compressor to input compressed air into an air pressure cylinder, then working the air pressure cylinder and applying pressure to the material in the upper shearing box through a pressure loading plate; in the process, the normal pressure can be adjusted to a required value through the air pressure adjusting valve; in addition, the normal pressure value can be dynamically adjusted in real time in the test process.
(6) The servo electric cylinder works and applies horizontal thrust to the upper shearing box, the pressure sensor, the horizontal force sensor and the servo electric cylinder data are gathered through the electric control cabinet and transmitted to the data receiving and processing equipment through the data transmission line, and finally an interface shearing test result is obtained.
Claims (10)
1. A large interface shearing apparatus, comprising:
a platform device (1) having a support channel and a slide rail device (11);
the shearing box device (2) comprises a lower shearing box (21) and an upper shearing box (20), the lower shearing box (21) is arranged in the supporting groove, and the upper shearing box (20) is installed on the sliding rail device (11) and supported above the lower shearing box (20) through the sliding rail device (11) to horizontally slide;
the normal pressure loading device (3) is arranged on the upper shearing box (20) and comprises a pneumatic pressure cylinder (30), a pressure loading plate (32) and a normal pressure sensor (31); the pneumatic pressure cylinder (30) is connected with the pressure loading plate (32), and normal pressure is applied to the interior of the upper shearing box (20) through the pressure loading plate (32);
the horizontal servo push-pull device (4) is arranged on the platform device (1) and connected with the upper shearing box (20), and comprises a servo electric cylinder (40) and a horizontal force sensor (41), wherein the servo electric cylinder (40) is used for applying a horizontal driving force to the upper shearing box (20), and the direction of the horizontal driving force is consistent with the sliding direction of the sliding rail device (11);
a pneumatic transmission system (6) providing a power source for the pneumatic booster cylinder (30);
and the control system (5) controls the normal pressure loading device (3) and the horizontal servo push-pull device (4), and receives and processes data of the normal pressure loading device (3) and the horizontal servo push-pull device (4).
2. Large scale interface shear device according to claim 1, wherein the platform arrangement (1) comprises a platform frame (10), the top of the platform frame (10) being recessed to form the support channel.
3. The large-scale interface shearing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said slide rail means (11) comprises two rails and a slide block slidably disposed on said rails, said two rails are disposed on the top of said platform frame (10) and located on both sides of said supporting groove, respectively, and said upper shearing box is connected to said slide block.
4. Large scale interface shear device according to claim 2, wherein the platform arrangement (1) further comprises a counter force barrier (108) for fixing the servo cylinder (40), the counter force barrier (108) being mounted on top of the platform frame (10).
5. The large-scale interface shearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said normal pressure loading means (3) further comprises a reaction frame (33) for fixing said pneumatic pressurizing cylinder (30), said reaction frame (33) being detachably attached to both sides of said upper shear box (20).
6. The large-scale interface shearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sliding direction of the slide rail device (11) is the length direction of the lower shearing box (21) and the upper shearing box (20), and the length of the lower shearing box (21) is longer than that of the upper shearing box (20).
7. Large scale interface shearing apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that said pneumatic transmission system (6) comprises an air compressor (61), an air pressure regulating valve (62) and a connecting air pipe (63), said air compressor (61) delivering compressed air to said pneumatic pressure cylinder (30) through said connecting air pipe (63) and regulating the pressure of the delivered air through said air pressure regulating valve (62).
8. The large-scale interface shearing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the control system (5) comprises an electric control cabinet (50), a data transmission line (51) and data receiving and processing equipment (52), wherein the electric control cabinet (50) respectively controls the normal pressure loading device (3) and the horizontal servo push-pull device (4) to work, and transmits collected data to the data receiving and processing equipment (52) through the data transmission line (51).
9. Large scale interface shear device according to claim 5, characterized in that the reaction frame (33) is provided with a lifting bar (34) for handling the normal force loading means (3); the platform arrangement (1) further comprises a bracket arrangement (12), the bracket arrangement (12) being mounted on top of the platform frame (10).
10. An implementation method for carrying out an interface shear test on different materials by using the large-scale interface shear equipment disclosed by claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing a material with higher strength in the interface shear test material into a lower shear box;
(2) placing the material with weaker strength in the interface shear test material into an upper shear box;
(3) providing compressed air for the air pressure cylinder through an air pressure transmission system, and driving a pressure loading plate by the air pressure cylinder to apply pressure on the material in the upper shearing box; in the process, the normal pressure is adjusted to a required value or the normal pressure value is dynamically adjusted in real time according to the requirement;
(4) the servo electric cylinder works and applies horizontal driving force to the upper shearing box, and data of the normal pressure sensor, the horizontal force sensor and the servo electric cylinder are collected and transmitted to data receiving and processing equipment through a control system, and finally an interface shearing test result is obtained.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111317142.7A CN114002079A (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2021-11-08 | Large-scale interface shearing equipment and implementation method thereof |
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| CN202111317142.7A CN114002079A (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2021-11-08 | Large-scale interface shearing equipment and implementation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114486565A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Rock structural surface dynamic bidirectional shearing experimental system under constant normal stiffness condition |
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Application publication date: 20220201 |