CN103884251A - Focal length measuring device for irregular workpiece in process of laser machining - Google Patents
Focal length measuring device for irregular workpiece in process of laser machining Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种不规则工件的激光加工焦距测量装置,包括底座、高度尺、高度尺旋转组件、升降滑移块和角度尺伸缩测头组件;高度尺竖直固定安装在高度尺旋转组件上,可由高度尺旋转组件带动旋转;升降滑移块套装在高度尺上,可沿高度尺上下滑移;所述角度尺伸缩测头组件包括固定臂和测量臂,所述固定臂固定安装在高度尺上,并与高度尺平行;所述测量臂包括角尺卡件、角尺一级杆、角尺二级杆和接触压头。本发明是一种空间全方位、复合测量组合量具,结合了传统高度尺和角度尺的测量原理,其功能突破了传统高度尺和角度尺在测量方位、测量范围、测量材料上的多个局限,结构紧凑、拆装方便、使用简易、测量精度高。
The invention provides a focal length measuring device for laser processing of irregular workpieces, which includes a base, a height gauge, a height gauge rotating assembly, a lifting sliding block, and an angle ruler telescopic measuring head assembly; the height gauge is vertically and fixedly installed on the height gauge rotating assembly It can be rotated by the rotation assembly of the height gauge; the lifting sliding block is set on the height gauge and can slide up and down along the height gauge; the telescopic measuring head assembly of the angle gauge includes a fixed arm and a measuring arm, and the fixed arm is fixedly installed on the on the height gauge and parallel to the height gauge; the measuring arm includes a square clip, a square primary rod, a square secondary rod and a contact pressure head. The present invention is a combination measuring tool with all-round space and composite measurement, which combines the measurement principles of the traditional height gauge and angle gauge, and its function breaks through multiple limitations of the traditional height gauge and angle gauge in measuring azimuth, measurement range, and measurement materials , compact structure, easy disassembly and assembly, easy to use, high measurement accuracy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于激光加工领域,具体涉及一种不规则工件的激光加工焦距测量装置。The invention belongs to the field of laser processing, and in particular relates to a focal length measuring device for laser processing of irregular workpieces.
背景技术Background technique
激光加工技术是利用激光束与物质相互作用的特性对材料(包括金属与非金属)进行切割、焊接、表面处理、打孔、微加工等的一门技术。激光加工作为先进制造技术已广泛应用于汽车、电子、电器、航空、冶金、机械制造等国民经济重要部门,对提高产品质量、劳动生产率、自动化、无污染、减少材料消耗等起到愈来愈重要的作用。Laser processing technology is a technology that uses the characteristics of the interaction between laser beams and substances to cut, weld, surface treat, drill, and micro-process materials (including metals and non-metals). As an advanced manufacturing technology, laser processing has been widely used in important sectors of the national economy such as automobiles, electronics, electrical appliances, aviation, metallurgy, and machinery manufacturing. It has played an increasingly important role in improving product quality, labor productivity, automation, pollution-free, and reducing material consumption. important role.
激光加工过程中,在进行激光束扫描之前,一般都要求事先测量获知激光扫描加工路径上的每一处的焦距,以使得激光束扫描运动时始终聚焦在工件表面。对于规则形状工件,如长方体、球体、柱体等,焦距的传统测量方法主要都是基于高度尺和角度尺原理来进行测量,只要测量工件表面某些特征点的焦距数值,其余待测位置可以根据工件的规则几何形状进行计算即可。During laser processing, before laser beam scanning, it is generally required to measure and know the focal length of each place on the laser scanning processing path in advance, so that the laser beam is always focused on the surface of the workpiece during scanning movement. For workpieces with regular shapes, such as cuboids, spheres, cylinders, etc., the traditional measurement method of focal length is mainly based on the principle of height gauge and angle ruler. As long as the focal length value of some feature points on the surface of the workpiece is measured, the remaining positions to be measured can be It is sufficient to calculate according to the regular geometric shape of the workpiece.
但是,针对某些特殊形状、特殊尺寸的不规则工件,尤其是无精确拟合方程的异型自由曲面工件或者拼合工件,必须在开始加工之前预先密集的测量加工路径各处的焦距。对于这种异型工件,采用普通测量工具测量操作十分不便,甚至无法实现准确的测量。比如,对于大型的不规则形状的加工工件,其本身不易或不能移动,当采用激光对其进行加工(如焊接、熔覆、淬火等)时,由于量具安装位置有限,而导致传统量具由于测量方位和测量范围的限制而无法测量;对于加工工件前高后低的情况,传统量具的高度尺都是水平测头结构,会导致其会发生测量干涉,测头测不到后面的部位;若被加工工件是柔软材料(由于激光加工的无机械接触力特性,在激光加工技术领域非常普遍),传统量具的压力接触测量方式,会使工件变形,从而也无法实现准确的测量。However, for some irregular workpieces with special shapes and sizes, especially special-shaped free-form surface workpieces or spliced workpieces without precise fitting equations, it is necessary to pre-intensively measure the focal length of each part of the processing path before starting processing. For this kind of special-shaped workpiece, it is very inconvenient to use ordinary measuring tools to measure, and it is even impossible to achieve accurate measurement. For example, for a large irregular shape processing workpiece, it is not easy or can not be moved. When laser processing (such as welding, cladding, quenching, etc.) Due to the limitation of orientation and measurement range, it is impossible to measure; for the situation that the front of the workpiece is high and the rear is low, the height gauge of the traditional measuring tool is a horizontal probe structure, which will cause measurement interference, and the probe cannot measure the rear part; if The workpiece to be processed is a soft material (due to the non-mechanical contact force characteristics of laser processing, it is very common in the field of laser processing technology), the pressure contact measurement method of traditional measuring tools will deform the workpiece, and thus cannot achieve accurate measurement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述现有技术的不足,提供了一种不规则工件的激光加工焦距测量装置;该激光加工焦距测量装置能够实现对不规则形状工件、硬质或柔性材料工件的激光加工焦距的准确测量。The present invention aims at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provides a laser processing focal length measuring device for irregular workpieces; Measurement.
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种不规则工件的激光加工焦距测量装置,包括底座、高度尺、高度尺旋转组件、升降滑移块和角度尺伸缩测头组件;A focal length measurement device for laser processing of irregular workpieces, comprising a base, a height gauge, a height gauge rotation assembly, a lifting sliding block, and an angle scale telescopic measuring head assembly;
所述底座为具有以底面为水平基准面的平台结构;所述高度尺旋转组件设置在底座的上部,高度尺旋转组件的旋转中心轴线与底面法线平行;The base is a platform structure with the bottom surface as a horizontal reference plane; the height gauge rotation assembly is arranged on the top of the base, and the rotation center axis of the height gauge rotation assembly is parallel to the normal line of the bottom surface;
所述高度尺竖直固定安装在高度尺旋转组件上,与底面法线平行,可由高度尺旋转组件带动做0~360度的旋转;The height gauge is vertically and fixedly installed on the height gauge rotation assembly, parallel to the normal line of the bottom surface, and can be driven by the height gauge rotation assembly to rotate from 0 to 360 degrees;
所述升降滑移块套装在高度尺上,可沿高度尺上下滑移,滑移方向与底面法线平行;The lifting and sliding block is set on the height gauge, and can slide up and down along the height gauge, and the sliding direction is parallel to the normal line of the bottom surface;
所述升降滑移块上设置有用于固定升降滑移块与高度尺相对位置的位置锁定机构;The lifting sliding block is provided with a position locking mechanism for fixing the relative position of the lifting sliding block and the height gauge;
所述角度尺伸缩测头组件包括固定臂和测量臂;The telescopic measuring head assembly of the angle ruler includes a fixed arm and a measuring arm;
所述固定臂固定安装在升降滑移块上,并与高度尺平行,使得角度尺伸缩测头组件整体可由升降滑移块带动做上下滑移运动;The fixed arm is fixedly installed on the lifting sliding block, and is parallel to the height gauge, so that the telescopic measuring head assembly of the angle ruler can be driven by the lifting sliding block to move up and down;
所述测量臂包括角尺卡件、角尺一级杆、角尺二级杆和接触压头;The measuring arm includes a square clip, a square primary rod, a square secondary rod and a contact pressure head;
所述角尺卡件通过铰接方式与固定臂相连,使得测量臂整体可绕固定臂在0~180度范围内转动,其转动中心轴线垂直于底面法线;The square clip is connected to the fixed arm through a hinge, so that the entire measuring arm can rotate around the fixed arm within the range of 0 to 180 degrees, and its central axis of rotation is perpendicular to the normal line of the bottom surface;
所述角尺卡件上还安装有旋转角度传感器和显示器,所述旋转角度传感器和显示器分别用于测量和显示测量臂与高度尺的正方向之间的夹角;A rotation angle sensor and a display are also installed on the square clip, and the rotation angle sensor and the display are respectively used to measure and display the angle between the measuring arm and the positive direction of the height gauge;
所述角尺一级杆的一端固定在角尺卡件上,另一端与角尺二级杆相连,所述角尺二级杆可沿着角尺一级杆的内腔滑移实现测量臂长度的伸缩变化;所述角尺一级杆、角尺二级杆上标有刻度标尺;One end of the first-stage rod of the square is fixed on the clip of the square, and the other end is connected with the second-stage rod of the square. The second-stage rod of the square can slide along the inner cavity of the first-stage rod of the square to realize the telescopic change of the length of the measuring arm; A scale scale is marked on the first-level pole of the square and the second-level pole of the square;
所述接触压头固定在角尺二级杆的末端,所述接触压头包括半圆形压臂和光电开关,以及连接在半圆形压臂末部的触头;The contact pressure head is fixed on the end of the secondary rod of the square, the contact pressure head includes a semicircular pressure arm and a photoelectric switch, and a contact connected to the end of the semicircle pressure arm;
所述触头上套装有弹簧,触头端部设置有接触开关,当触头接触被测物体表面,使得弹簧被压缩时,接触开关发出开关量信号;A spring is set on the contact, and a contact switch is arranged at the end of the contact. When the contact touches the surface of the object to be measured and the spring is compressed, the contact switch sends out a switching signal;
所述光电开关的发光源和受光器分别相对的设置在半圆形压臂的内表面底部和触头的内侧面,当发光源和受光器之间的光线被被测物体阻断时,光电开关发出开关量信号。The light emitting source and light receiver of the photoelectric switch are respectively arranged on the bottom of the inner surface of the semicircular pressing arm and the inner surface of the contact. When the light between the light emitting source and the light receiver is blocked by the object to be measured, the photoelectric The switch sends out a digital signal.
优选的,所述高度尺旋转组件包括旋转盘、涡轮蜗杆传动机构和驱动盘,所述驱动盘上安装有手摇把手;所述驱动盘通过涡轮蜗杆传动机构与旋转盘相连;所述旋转盘延伸出底座的上表面,所述驱动盘延伸出底座的侧面;所述高度尺竖直固定安装在旋转盘上。Preferably, the rotation assembly of the height gauge includes a rotating disk, a worm gear and a driving disk, and a hand handle is installed on the driving disk; the driving disk is connected with the rotating disk through a worm gear; the rotating disk Extending out of the upper surface of the base, the drive plate extends out of the side of the base; the height gauge is vertically and fixedly installed on the rotating disc.
本发明具有如下有益效果:The present invention has following beneficial effects:
1、本发明是一种空间全方位、复合测量组合量具,结合了传统高度尺和角度尺的测量原理,其功能突破了传统高度尺和角度尺在测量方位、测量范围、测量材料上的多个局限,结构紧凑、拆装方便、使用简易、测量精度高。1. The present invention is a combination measuring tool with all-round space and compound measurement, which combines the measurement principles of traditional height gauges and angle gauges, and its functions break through the many limitations of traditional height gauges and angle gauges in measuring azimuth, measurement range, and measurement materials. There are three limitations, compact structure, convenient disassembly and assembly, easy to use, and high measurement accuracy.
2、传统高度尺在在测量不同方位时,需要移动或转动底座重新安放量具,这样会带来底座安装空间要求大、安放不便和多次换位导致的底座基准误差(底座安放位置实际上都会有粗糙度和平面度误差);本发明在底座上增加了旋转台结构,通过手摇驱动盘,使得高度尺和角度尺伸缩测头组件整体旋转,无须重新安放底座,改变了传统高度尺固定底座的不足,无换位导致的基准误差、调整更方便。2. When the traditional height gauge measures different directions, it needs to move or rotate the base to reinstall the measuring tool, which will cause large installation space requirements for the base, inconvenient placement, and base reference errors caused by multiple transpositions (the position of the base will actually be different) roughness and flatness errors); the present invention adds a rotating table structure to the base, and through the hand-operated drive plate, the telescopic measuring head assembly of the height gauge and the angle gauge can be rotated as a whole, without re-installing the base, which changes the traditional height gauge. Insufficient base, no reference error caused by transposition, more convenient adjustment.
3、本发明的测量杆为角度尺伸缩测头组件结构,一固定臂固定安装在升降滑移块上,并与底面法线平行,另一臂为测量臂,测量臂整体可绕固定臂在0~180度范围内转动,这样测量臂可以以设定角度上斜、水平或下斜方向伸出,这种结构解决了传统高度尺测量杆固定水平伸出,造成异型工件测量干涉的问题;并且角度尺伸缩测头组件采用数显方式,方便读数,精确可靠;升降滑移块自带锁定机构,从而角度尺伸缩测头组件与高度尺的相对位置可以锁定,方便测量。3. The measuring rod of the present invention is an angle ruler telescopic measuring head assembly structure. One fixed arm is fixedly installed on the lifting sliding block and is parallel to the normal line of the bottom surface. The other arm is a measuring arm, and the whole measuring arm can be wound around the fixed arm. Rotate within the range of 0 to 180 degrees, so that the measuring arm can protrude upward, horizontal or downward at the set angle. This structure solves the problem that the traditional height gauge measuring rod is fixed and protruding horizontally, which causes interference in the measurement of special-shaped workpieces; And the telescopic head assembly of the angle ruler adopts digital display mode, which is convenient for reading, accurate and reliable; the lifting and sliding block has its own locking mechanism, so that the relative position of the telescopic head assembly of the angle ruler and the height gauge can be locked, which is convenient for measurement.
4、本发明中角度尺伸缩测头组件的测量臂采用了带刻度尺的可伸缩杆式,这样使得测量范围大大扩增。4. The measuring arm of the angle ruler telescopic measuring head assembly in the present invention adopts a telescopic rod type with a scale, which greatly expands the measuring range.
5、本发明测量臂前端的测头部位,采用了接触压头结构,在测量硬质材料时,保证触头与工件表面接触良好,测量精确可靠;同时半圆形压臂的设计,还可以使接触压头可以绕过待测量点附近的微小突起障碍(测量浅沟槽时特别实用),测量局部小区域具有前高后低形状特征的工件。5. The measuring head at the front end of the measuring arm of the present invention adopts a contact pressure head structure, which ensures good contact between the contact head and the surface of the workpiece when measuring hard materials, and accurate and reliable measurement; at the same time, the design of the semicircular pressure arm is also It can make the contact indenter bypass the tiny protruding obstacles near the point to be measured (especially practical when measuring shallow grooves), and measure workpieces with high front and low rear shape features in local small areas.
6、本发明中半圆形压臂的内端部采用了光电开关的设计,当被测工件为薄片或柔性材料时,一旦触头与工件表面接触,工件的微小弯曲即立刻触发光电开关,获取当前测量数值,其测量考虑了工件在测头外力作用下的工件形变,结果更加准确。6. In the present invention, the inner end of the semicircular pressing arm adopts the design of photoelectric switch. When the workpiece to be tested is a thin sheet or flexible material, once the contactor touches the surface of the workpiece, the slight bending of the workpiece will immediately trigger the photoelectric switch. Obtain the current measurement value, the measurement takes into account the deformation of the workpiece under the external force of the probe, and the result is more accurate.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述不规则工件的激光加工焦距测量装置的立体结构图;Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structural diagram of the focal length measuring device for laser machining of irregular workpieces according to the present invention;
图2为高度尺旋转组件的结构图;Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of height gauge rotation assembly;
图3为角度尺伸缩测头组件的结构图;Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an angle ruler telescoping probe assembly;
图4为接触压头的结构图;Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the contact pressure head;
图5为激光加工焦距测量装置的测量原理图;Fig. 5 is the measurement schematic diagram of the focal length measurement device for laser processing;
图6为工件前高后低情况的测量示意图;Fig. 6 is a measurement schematic diagram of a workpiece with a high front and a low rear;
图中各标号的含义如下:The meanings of the symbols in the figure are as follows:
底座1、高度尺2、高度尺旋转组件3、升降滑移块4、固定臂5、测量臂6、旋转盘31、涡轮蜗杆传动机构32、驱动盘33、手摇把手34、锁紧螺钉41、角尺卡件61、角尺一级杆62、角尺二级杆63、接触压头64、半圆形压臂65、光电开关66、触头67、弹簧68。Base 1,
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1-4所示,本发明提供了一种不规则工件的激光加工焦距测量装置,包括底座1、高度尺2、高度尺旋转组件3、升降滑移块4和角度尺伸缩测头组件;As shown in Figures 1-4, the present invention provides a focal length measurement device for laser processing of irregular workpieces, including a base 1, a
所述底座1为具有以底面为水平基准面的平台结构,表面粗糙度小于Ra12.5,以下将底座1的水平基准面简称为底面。The base 1 is a platform structure with the bottom surface as the horizontal reference plane, and the surface roughness is less than Ra12.5. Hereinafter, the horizontal reference plane of the base 1 is simply referred to as the bottom surface.
所述高度尺2竖直固定安装在高度尺旋转组件3上,与底面法线平行,可由高度尺旋转组件3带动做0~360度的旋转。所述高度尺旋转组件3设置在底座1的上部,二者的相对安装方位要求是高度尺旋转组件3的旋转中心轴线与底面1的法线平行;The
所述高度尺旋转组件3的一种优选结构为:包括旋转盘31、涡轮蜗杆传动机构32和驱动盘33,所述驱动盘33上安装有手摇把手34;所述驱动盘33通过涡轮蜗杆传动机构32与旋转盘31相连。所述旋转盘31延伸出底座1的上表面,高度尺2竖直固定安装在旋转盘31上;所述驱动盘33延伸出底座1的侧面。操作时通过手来旋转手摇把手34,即可驱动旋转盘31转动,进而带动高度尺2转动。当然,高度尺旋转组件3还可以采用其他结构,比如齿轮组传动等,只要其能带动高度尺2做0~360度的旋转即可。A preferred structure of the height
所述升降滑移块4套装在高度尺2上,可沿高度尺2上下滑移,其滑移方向与底面法线平行;所述升降滑移块4上设置有用于固定升降滑移块4与高度尺2相对位置的位置锁定机构,该位置锁定机构可以通过旋入升降滑移块4的两个锁紧螺钉41来实现,当然也可以采用其他锁紧机构,本发明不对此进行限制。The lifting and sliding
所述角度尺伸缩测头组件包括固定臂5和测量臂6,所述固定臂5固定安装在升降滑移块4上,并与高度尺2平行,亦即与底面法线平行,使得角度尺伸缩测头组件整体可由升降滑移块4带动做上下滑移运动。The telescopic measuring head assembly of the angle ruler includes a fixed
所述测量臂6包括角尺卡件61、角尺一级杆62、角尺二级杆63和接触压头64。The measuring
所述角尺卡件61通过铰接方式与固定臂5相连,使得测量臂6整体可绕固定臂5在0~180度范围内转动,其转动中心轴线垂直于底面法线。The
所述角尺卡件61上安装有旋转角度传感器和显示器,所述旋转角度传感器和显示器分别用于测量和显示测量臂6与高度尺2的正方向之间的夹角。A rotation angle sensor and a display are installed on the
所述角尺一级杆62的一端固定在角尺卡件61上,另一端与角尺二级杆63相连,所述角尺二级杆63可沿着角尺一级杆62的内腔滑移实现测量臂6长度的伸缩变化;所述角尺一级杆62、角尺二级杆63上标有刻度标尺,可以获得伸缩变化量;根据角尺卡件61、角尺一级杆62、角尺二级杆63和接触压头64的长度之和再加上伸缩变化量,即可以计算测量点到角尺卡件61与固定臂5的铰接点的长度。One end of the square
所述接触压头64固定在角尺二级杆63的末端,所述接触压头64包括半圆形压臂65和光电开关66,以及连接在半圆形压臂65末部的触头67,所述触头67上套装有弹簧68,设置有接触开关,当触头接触被测物体表面,使得弹簧68被压缩时,接触开关发出开关量信号;所述光电开关66的发光源和受光器分别相对的设置在半圆形压臂65的内表面底部和触头67的内侧面,发光源和受光器之间的距离根据测量精度要求可以为0.1mm~10mm,当发光源和受光器之间的光线被被测物体阻断时,光电开关发出开关量信号。The
采用上述激光加工焦距测量装置进行焦距测量的过程为:The process of using the above-mentioned laser processing focal length measurement device for focal length measurement is:
首先,通过手摇把手34旋转,带动旋转盘31和高度尺2旋转至合适位置;之后调节高度尺2至待测点的高度附近,最后调节角度尺伸缩测头组件的测量臂6,使其接触压头64上的触头67与待测点接触,此时读取高度尺2的高度值H,角度尺伸缩测头组件的角度值α;通过高度值H与角度值α计算,即可获得工件上待测点的高度,进而实现对加工焦距的测量。First, rotate the hand handle 34 to drive the rotating disk 31 and the
如图5所示,通过高度值H与角度值α,计算工件上待测点高度Z的具体方法为:Z=H+Lcosα,其中L为测量臂6的长度,角度值α为测量臂6与高度尺2的正方向之间的夹角。As shown in Figure 5, through the height value H and the angle value α, the specific method for calculating the height Z of the point to be measured on the workpiece is: Z=H+Lcosα, where L is the length of the measuring
如图6所示,图中两个测量点T1、T2即为前高后低的情况,采用传统的测量工具会发生干涉,无法测量;而采用本发明所述的激光加工焦距测量装置即可实现方便的测量,其中测量点T1的高度Z1=H1+L1cosα1,测量点T2的高度Z2=H2+L2cosα2,两点之间高度差即为Z1-Z2。图6的情况还适用于不存在测量基准点的情况,比如当工件基准平面与本发明所述的激光加工焦距测量装置的安放基准平面不在同一个水平面的情况下,只要任意选择工件上的一点作为高度基准点,不妨设为Z1,然后后续的测量点测得的高度值Z2,通过计算Z1-Z2,即可获得工件上其他位置相对于高度基准点的高度差。As shown in Figure 6, the two measurement points T1 and T2 in the figure are the situation that the front is high and the rear is low, and traditional measurement tools will interfere and cannot be measured; but the laser processing focal length measurement device described in the present invention can be used Realize convenient measurement, where the height of measuring point T1 is Z1=H1+L1cosα 1 , the height of measuring point T2 is Z2=H2+L2cosα 2 , and the height difference between the two points is Z1-Z2. The situation in Fig. 6 is also applicable to the situation where there is no measurement reference point, such as when the workpiece reference plane is not on the same horizontal plane as the installation reference plane of the laser processing focal length measuring device according to the present invention, as long as a point on the workpiece is arbitrarily selected As the height reference point, it may be set as Z1, and then the height value Z2 measured at the subsequent measurement point, by calculating Z1-Z2, the height difference of other positions on the workpiece relative to the height reference point can be obtained.
本发明可改变为多种方式对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的,这样的改变不认为脱离本发明的范围。所有这样的对所述领域的技术人员显而易见的修改,将包括在本权利要求的范围之内。It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified in various ways and such modifications are not to be regarded as departing from the scope of the present invention. All such modifications obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this claim.
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