CN103884126A - Coaxial Pulse Tube Refrigerator - Google Patents

Coaxial Pulse Tube Refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103884126A
CN103884126A CN201210556732.XA CN201210556732A CN103884126A CN 103884126 A CN103884126 A CN 103884126A CN 201210556732 A CN201210556732 A CN 201210556732A CN 103884126 A CN103884126 A CN 103884126A
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pulse tube
hot junction
regenerator
refrigerating machine
coaxial type
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CN201210556732.XA
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CN103884126B (en
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王俊杰
陈六彪
金海�
周远
朱文秀
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Publication of CN103884126A publication Critical patent/CN103884126A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1406Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube in co-axial or concentric geometrical arrangements

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  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low temperature, and particularly discloses a coaxial pulse tube refrigerator which comprises a hot end, a regenerator and a pulse tube arranged in the regenerator, wherein the lower ends of the pulse tube and the regenerator are connected with the hot end; the upper part of the hot end is provided with a pulse tube connecting hole, the lower part of the hot end is provided with an air outlet hole, the pulse tube connecting hole is communicated with the air outlet hole, the pulse tube is arranged in the pulse tube connecting hole, the hot end is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the axial lead of the air outlet hole, and the air inlet holes are communicated with the cold accumulator. According to the coaxial pulse tube refrigerator provided by the invention, gas can linearly enter the regenerator through the plurality of gas inlet holes arranged along the axial lead, so that the flow resistance is reduced; the plurality of air inlet holes also play the role of a fluid director, so that the uniformity of air inlet is ensured; the heat exchange area between the air inlet holes and the working medium gas is increased, and the heat exchange effect is greatly improved. In addition, the phase modulation elements such as a long neck tube are arranged to penetrate through the interior of the compressor, so that the whole refrigerator is more compact.

Description

Coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to cryogenic technique field, particularly a kind of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine.
Background technology
Pulse tube refrigerating machine divides linear pattern, the U-shaped and large kind of coaxial type three according to the arrangement of regenerator and pulse tube.Pulse tube and the regenerator of linear pattern pulse tube refrigerating machine are in a straight line, and this structure has reduced the flow resistance of working medium to greatest extent, and refrigerating efficiency is the highest; But physical dimension is larger, the cold head position that mediates, is unfavorable for being coupled with device.In coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine, the pulse tube 9 ' of (as shown in Figure 1) is in regenerator 8 ' the inside, and working medium need to turn 180 ° at cold head, and flow resistance is large, and efficiency is minimum; But structure is the compactest, is easy to and coupled apparatus.U-shaped pulse tube refrigerating machine is arranged in juxtaposition pulse tube and regenerator, and efficiency is between between the two above-mentioned.
In order to overcome the defect of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine self as far as possible, improve its efficiency, need all parts of well-designed coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine.But there is following defect in existing coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine (referring to Fig. 1):
(1) air admission hole 7 ' setting vertical with regenerator 8 ', is introduced into air admission hole 7 ' from compressor 3 ' gas out, just can enter into regenerator 8 ' after the angle that then needs to turn certain, in the middle of this, exists certain flow resistance, and efficiency is low;
(2) hot junction of traditional structure does not have specially designed air deflector conventionally, or only adopt silk screen that several order numbers are lower as air deflector, therefore be difficult to guarantee that air inlet is even, with silk screen do air deflector also increase to a certain degree its flow resistance, affect the performance of refrigeration machine;
(3) design of hot end heat exchanger is also a very important aspect of pulse tube refrigerating machine design, the hot junction of traditional structure is by single slit or single hole turnover gas, the working media contact-making surface of hot end heat exchanger and refrigerating device inner is very little, the heat that is unfavorable for inside, refrigeration machine hot junction spreads out of, traditional structure is if the heat exchange area of increase and internal working medium gas, only have by increasing its hot junction size and could realize, cause like this refrigeration machine volume large, structure heaviness;
(4) refrigeration machine separates with compressor, and centre connects by tube connector, and loosely organized, impact resistance is poor;
(5) for hot-side heat dissipation device, air deflector, bidirectional air intake structure, in traditional structure, this three normally separates, and they all belong to different parts, so also cause loosely organizedly, and volume expands.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine, need to turn certain angle and just can enter into regenerator to solve in prior art from compressor gas out, and efficiency is low; In addition, hot junction does not have guide functions, and intake uniformity is poor; The working media contact-making surface of hot junction and refrigerating device inner is little, and the heat that is unfavorable for inside, refrigeration machine hot junction such as spreads out of at the problem.Further, the present invention has also solved the problems such as refrigeration machine is loosely organized, volume expands, impact resistance is poor.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine, comprise hot junction, regenerator and be arranged at the pulse tube of regenerator inside, described pulse tube and regenerator coaxially arrange, and the lower end of described pulse tube is all connected with hot junction with the lower end of described regenerator; It is characterized in that, the top in described hot junction is provided with pulse tube connecting hole, bottom is provided with venthole, described pulse tube connecting hole communicates with venthole, described pulse tube is arranged in pulse tube connecting hole, described hot junction is also provided with the multiple air admission holes that circumferentially distribute along the axial line of venthole, and multiple air admission holes all communicate with described regenerator.
Preferably, multiple air admission holes are uniformly distributed.
Preferably, inside, described hot junction is provided with one or more bidirectional air intake structures, and described bidirectional air intake structure both directly communicated with air admission hole, directly communicated again with venthole.
Preferably, described bidirection air intake mechanism is through hole, needle-valve, nozzle or capillary.
Preferably, described coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine also comprises adpting flange, compressor and the phase-modulation element being connected with venthole lower end, and described hot junction is connected with compressor by adpting flange, and described phase-modulation element is connected with air reservoir through behind compressor inside.
Preferably, described phase-modulation element is inertance tube or the little ports valve that is connected to tube connector.
Preferably, described hot junction is connected with cooling device.
Preferably, the lower end in described hot junction is provided with air inlet guide cone.
Preferably, the material in described hot junction is one or more the combination in red copper, brass, oxygen-free copper or stainless steel.
(3) beneficial effect
Coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine provided by the invention is by arranging multiple air admission holes along axial line, air inlet need not be turned round, and gas can enter in regenerator by straight line, and flow resistance reduces; Multiple air admission holes have played the effect of air deflector, have guaranteed the uniformity of air inlet; Multiple air admission holes have increased the heat exchange area with Working medium gas, and heat transfer effect has also obtained very large improvement.Further, by adpting flange, hot junction and compressor etc. are coupled into one, arrange phase-modulation element through compressor inside, make compact conformation, conveniently moving, the impact resistance of refrigeration high.In addition, hot junction of the present invention structure has played the function of radiator, air deflector, bidirection air intake simultaneously, and compact conformation has effectively improved refrigeration performance and the efficiency of refrigeration machine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pulse tube refrigerating machine in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation in hot junction in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 be in Fig. 3 hot junction schematic top plan view.
In Fig. 1,3 ': compressor; 7 ': air admission hole; 8 ': regenerator; 9 ': pulse tube;
In Fig. 2-4,1: air reservoir; 2: inertance tube; 3: compressor; 4: adpting flange; 5: air inlet guide cone; 6: nozzle; 7, air admission hole; 8: regenerator; 9: pulse tube; 10: pulse tube connecting hole; 11: needle-valve; 12: venthole; 13: cone-shaped interface; 14:O type elastic tape; 15: nozzle blanking cover.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
In description of the invention, it should be noted that, term " " center ", " longitudinally ", " laterally ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", orientation or the position relationship of indications such as " outward " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, rather than device or the element of indication or hint indication must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " etc. are only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as indication or hint relative importance.
In description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, and can be also to removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, can be also electrical connection; Can be to be directly connected, also can indirectly be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, can concrete condition understand above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
In addition,, in description of the invention, except as otherwise noted, the implication of " multiple ", " many ", " many groups " is two or more.
It should be noted that, the centre-to-centre spacing of air admission hole of the present invention refers to the distance between the axial line of air admission hole and the axial line of venthole.
As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the invention provides a kind of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine, it comprises: hot junction, regenerator 8 and be arranged at the pulse tube 9 of regenerator 8 inside, and pulse tube 9 coaxially arranges with regenerator 8, and the lower end of the lower end of pulse tube 9 and regenerator 8 is all connected with hot junction; The top in hot junction is provided with pulse tube connecting hole 10, bottom is provided with venthole 12, pulse tube connecting hole 10 communicates with venthole 12, pulse tube 9 is arranged in pulse tube connecting hole 10, hot junction is also provided with the multiple air admission holes 7 that circumferentially distribute along the axial line of venthole 12, and multiple air admission holes 7 all communicate with regenerator 8.
Coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine provided by the invention is by arranging multiple air admission holes along axial line, air inlet need not be turned round, and gas can enter in regenerator by straight line, and flow resistance reduces; Multiple air admission holes have played the effect of air deflector, have guaranteed the uniformity of air inlet; Multiple air admission holes have increased the heat exchange area with Working medium gas, and heat transfer effect has also obtained very large improvement; Hot junction directly contacts with external environment condition, can strengthen cooling by extraneous air-cooled or water-cooled.
Wherein, hot junction is discoid, or other shapes, preferred disk shapes.Venthole 12 is arranged on the center in hot junction, and the axial line of venthole 12 overlaps substantially with the axial line in discoid hot junction; The shape of venthole 12 can be circular hole, square hole etc., can be also the through hole of other shape, and hole depth is that 0mm is to 100mm.More preferably, the upper end of venthole 12 is provided with cone-shaped interface 13, and the tapering of cone-shaped interface 13 is for being greater than zero degree and being less than 180 degree.Cone-shaped interface 13 is mainly to avoid there is abrupt-change cross section between pulse tube connecting hole 10 and venthole 12, plays transition buffer.
Wherein, the aperture that air admission hole 7 is some, its shape can be circular, square or other shape, its quantity is 1 to 360, and the size of each air admission hole 7 can be identical, also can be not identical, equivalent diameter is that 0.01mm is to 30mm, air admission hole 7 can circumferentially be uniformly distributed along the axial line of venthole 12, also can non-uniform Distribution, and preferred multiple air admission holes 7 are circumferentially uniformly distributed.The axial line of air admission hole 7 is greater than the external diameter of pulse tube connecting hole 10 apart from the distance of the axial line of venthole 12.The effect of air admission hole 7, except air inlet, can also be played the effect of air deflector, and air inlet is carried out to water conservancy diversion, makes air inlet even; In addition multiple air admission holes 7 have increased the heat exchange area of hot junction and Working medium gas, the higher Working medium gas of hot-side temperature by with the heat-shift that contacts on air admission hole 7 surfaces, therefore heat transfer effect has also obtained very large improvement.Refrigeration machine adopts axial admission, not only makes refrigeration machine air inlet smooth and easy, and flow resistance reduces, and performance also improves.
Wherein, the diameter of pulse tube connecting hole 10 can be slightly less than, be equal to or greater than the external diameter of the pulse tube 9 being attached thereto, and its degree of depth is that 0mm is to 20mm.The diameter of pulse tube connecting hole 10 and the degree of depth also can be set according to concrete pulse tube 9.
Further, inside, hot junction is provided with one or more bidirectional air intake structures, and bidirectional air intake structure both directly communicated with air admission hole 7, directly communicates again with venthole 12.Bidirection air intake mechanism can be through hole, needle-valve 11, nozzle 6 or capillary.If the quantity of bidirectional air intake structure is one, can be single aperture, needle-valve 11, nozzle 6, capillary or other bilateral element; If the quantity of bidirectional air intake structure is multiple, it can be any two or more the combination in aperture, needle-valve 11, nozzle 6, capillary or some other resistance element.Bidirectional air intake structure makes the compact overall structure of refrigeration machine, easy to adjust, can effectively bring into play the effect of bidirection air intake.
The bidirectional air intake structure that the present embodiment provides is two, forms (as shown in Figure 3) by a needle-valve 11 and a nozzle 6.Needle-valve 11 and nozzle 6 are positioned at the two ends of the diameter in hot junction, and the diameter of the needle of needle-valve 11 is 1.5mm, and needle point tapering ° is used O shape elastic tape 14 side seals, with anti-gas-leak between needle and hot junction.Nozzle 6 with nozzle blanking cover 15 and O shape elastic tape 14 side seals, prevents that internal system gas from leaking outside after installing.
Bidirection air intake process is as follows: the endoporus of directly crossing adpting flange 4 from compressor 3 gas out along axial flow, after gas channeling cone guiding, enter in air admission hole 7, be divided into two parts by bidirectional air intake structure afterwards: a part directly enters into pulse tube 9, then enter in air reservoir 1 through inertance tube 2 phase-modulation elements such as grade; Another part flows out air admission hole 7, then enters successively regenerator 8, pulse tube 9, cone-shaped interface 13, venthole 12 and enters into the phase-modulation elements such as inertance tube 2, then flows back to air reservoir 1.
Further, coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine also comprises adpting flange 4, compressor 3 and the phase-modulation element being connected with venthole 12 lower ends, hot junction is connected with compressor 3 by adpting flange 4, after phase-modulation element is inner through compressor 3, is connected with air reservoir 1, and air reservoir 1 is positioned at compressor 3 belows.Hot junction and compressor 3 arrange all-in-one-piece structure and make the compacter and conveniently moving of the structure of refrigeration machine.In addition, between hot junction and regenerator 8, available flange connects, and makes compact conformation.
Wherein, phase-modulation element can be inertance tube 2, be connected to little ports valve or other phase-modulation element of tube connector.Venthole 12 lower ends and phase-modulation element are tightly connected, and concrete connected mode can be welding (such as soldering, soldering etc.), be threaded or other mode that is tightly connected.
Further, the lower end in hot junction is provided with air inlet guide cone 5, and effect is that air inlet is led, and makes gas enter into smoothly air admission hole 7, and its range of taper is 0-180 degree, and taper value can be set as required.Air inlet guide cone 5 in the present embodiment is conical, and its upper surface diameter is greater than the diameter of lower surface, and the diameter of upper surface can not be greater than the distance between axial line and venthole 12 axial lines of air admission hole 7.
Further, the lower end in hot junction is provided with the adpting flange seam of projection shape, and the position that adpting flange 4 is relative with adpting flange seam is provided with the groove matching with adpting flange seam.Adpting flange seam be mainly when guaranteeing to install adpting flange 4 and hot junction strictly concentric.The external diameter of adpting flange seam is less than or equal to the internal diameter of adpting flange 4, and the internal diameter of adpting flange seam is more than or equal to the centre-to-centre spacing of air admission hole 7 and the aperture sum of air admission hole 7, its longitudinal length be 0mm to 20mm, also can specifically arrange as required.
Hot junction adopts materials processing copper or that other heat conductivility is good to form, for example red copper, brass, oxygen-free copper or stainless steel, and copper class material thermal conductivity is good, contributes to heat radiation.The material in hot junction can be homogenous material, can be also any combination of multiple material.
Hot junction can connect cooling device, to strengthen its heat transfer effect, for example, air cooler and water cooling equipment; Certainly also can not connect miscellaneous equipment, directly contact with external environment.Hot junction in refrigeration machine provided by the invention directly contacts with external environment, is convenient on the one hand or water-cooled air-cooled by the external world or other type of cooling and carries out coolingly, is also convenient on the other hand the adjusting of bidirection air intake.
The applicable cryogenic temperature scope of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine provided by the invention is 120K to 1K, and applicable refrigerating capacity scope is that milliwatt level is to multikilowatt.
The present invention has improved the intake method of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine, can concentrate in hot junction the function that realizes efficient hot end heat exchanger, hot junction air deflector and bidirectional air intake structure simultaneously, has improved compactedness and the refrigeration performance of coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine.Wherein, arrange multiple air admission holes along axial line, refrigeration machine air inlet is carried out to water conservancy diversion, guaranteed the uniformity of air inlet; Multiple air admission holes have also increased the heat exchange area with Working medium gas, and heat transfer effect has also obtained very large improvement; By adpting flange, refrigeration machine and compressor are coupled into one completely, make the structure of refrigeration machine very compact, impact resistance is high, use, conveniently moving.Adopt the coaxial type pulse tube of the present invention can be convenient in experiment development debug process, the research and development time can be shortened, and refrigeration performance and efficiency are improved significantly.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and replacement, these improvement and replacement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine, comprises hot junction, regenerator and is arranged at the pulse tube of regenerator inside, described pulse tube and regenerator coaxially arrange, and the lower end of described pulse tube is all connected with hot junction with the lower end of described regenerator; It is characterized in that, the top in described hot junction is provided with pulse tube connecting hole, bottom is provided with venthole, described pulse tube connecting hole communicates with venthole, described pulse tube is arranged in pulse tube connecting hole, described hot junction is also provided with the multiple air admission holes that circumferentially distribute along the axial line of venthole, and multiple air admission holes all communicate with described regenerator.
2. coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, multiple air admission holes are uniformly distributed.
3. coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, inside, described hot junction is provided with one or more bidirectional air intake structures, and described bidirectional air intake structure both directly communicated with air admission hole, directly communicated again with venthole.
4. coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described bidirection air intake mechanism is through hole, needle-valve, nozzle or capillary.
5. coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine also comprises adpting flange, compressor and the phase-modulation element being connected with venthole lower end, described hot junction is connected with compressor by adpting flange, and described phase-modulation element is connected with air reservoir through behind compressor inside.
6. coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described phase-modulation element is inertance tube or the little ports valve that is connected to tube connector.
7. coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described hot junction is connected with cooling device.
8. coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the lower end in described hot junction is provided with air inlet guide cone.
9. the coaxial type pulse tube refrigerating machine as described in claim 1-8 any one, is characterized in that, the material in described hot junction is one or more the combination in red copper, brass, oxygen-free copper or stainless steel.
CN201210556732.XA 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 coaxial pulse tube refrigerator Active CN103884126B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0614059A1 (en) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-07 Cryotechnologies Cooler with a cold finger of pulse tube type
CN2566196Y (en) * 2002-07-09 2003-08-13 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Non-magnetic low-vibration coaxial pulse tube refrigerator
CN1467461A (en) * 2002-07-09 2004-01-14 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Non-magnetic low-vibration coaxial pulse tube refrigerator
CN101012981A (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-08 住友重机械工业株式会社 Cold accumulator type refrigeration machine
CN102735088A (en) * 2012-06-25 2012-10-17 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 Conical slit-type hot end heat exchanger of coaxial pulse tube refrigerator and manufacturing method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0614059A1 (en) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-07 Cryotechnologies Cooler with a cold finger of pulse tube type
CN2566196Y (en) * 2002-07-09 2003-08-13 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Non-magnetic low-vibration coaxial pulse tube refrigerator
CN1467461A (en) * 2002-07-09 2004-01-14 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Non-magnetic low-vibration coaxial pulse tube refrigerator
CN101012981A (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-08 住友重机械工业株式会社 Cold accumulator type refrigeration machine
CN102735088A (en) * 2012-06-25 2012-10-17 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 Conical slit-type hot end heat exchanger of coaxial pulse tube refrigerator and manufacturing method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
金海等: "19.3K单级高频脉冲管制冷机的实验研究", 《工程热物理学报》 *

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