CN103883301A - Physical simulation method of coal-bed gas well hydraulic fractures - Google Patents
Physical simulation method of coal-bed gas well hydraulic fractures Download PDFInfo
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- CN103883301A CN103883301A CN201410123185.5A CN201410123185A CN103883301A CN 103883301 A CN103883301 A CN 103883301A CN 201410123185 A CN201410123185 A CN 201410123185A CN 103883301 A CN103883301 A CN 103883301A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical simulation method of coal-bed gas well hydraulic fractures. According to the method, a real three-shaft fracture simulating test frame is arranged, a fracture test piece with a wellbore hole simulator is placed in the real three-shaft fracture simulating test frame, and sound transmitting probes tightly adhere to the eight corners of the fracture test piece respectively through plastic cement and are connected with sound transmitting receivers through acoustic emission signal amplifiers; a hydraulic pressure stabilizer is connected to the exterior of the real three-shaft fracture simulating test frame; the top of the wellbore hole simulator is connected with an oil and water separator through a fracturing liquid pipeline, guar glue hydraulic fracturing liquid is added to the upper portion of the oil and water separator, and oil is added to the lower portion of the oil and water separator; a control panel is connected to the bottom of the oil and water separator. With the physical simulation method of coal-bed gas well hydraulic fractures, generation and development of fractures in the test piece can be detected in real time in the hydraulic fracturing physical simulation process in a laboratory, the three-dimensional characteristic analysis of the fractures is paid attention to, the method is not confined to observation on the extension of the fractures on the surface of the fracture test piece, and the extension process of the fractures can be better reflected.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to a kind of physical simulating method, especially can the generation in comprehensive monitoring crack and a kind of coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method of the process of extension.
Background technology
at present, China's coal bed gas resource is abundant, and present stage, China's coal gas industry just progressively strides forward to commercialization from theoretical research.But the coal field geology condition that is controlled by China's complexity, coal seam reservoirs permeability is generally lower.Therefore,, in the time carrying out coal-bed gas exploitation, usually need coal seam reservoirs to increase production transformation.At present, fracturing is applied effectively, but people are also lower to the understanding of fracturing fracture.Laboratory simulation pressure break is the important means of understanding fracturing fracture Extending Law, has also obtained a lot of achievements, but has wherein yet had some problems.For example, in pressure break experimentation, also the crack of pressure break test specimen inside is not produced and extension situation is carried out Real-Time Monitoring, just rest on the fracture pattern observation on test specimen surface and pressure break and finish the final observation of rear fracture pattern.Therefore, design a kind of novel coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method for research hydraulically created fracture propagation law significant.
existing technical scheme is embodied in three aspects:, the one, the faint sound that sound emission receiving instrument sends while producing small vibrations can gather interior of articles fracture time, and it is amplified to collection, accurately locate apart from the difference of each collection point distance according to breakaway poing, judge the position of collection point; The 2nd, in fracturing fluid, add fluorescent material (Zhang Guangqing, 2011), can after finishing, pressure break experiment judge crack influence basin by remaining in the fluorescent material on fracturing fracture surface like this; The 3rd, related experiment device, the true three axle simulation experiment systems of large scale have all been set up in the scientific research institutions such as China Mining University, Langfang branch of academy of CNPC, Chinese Petroleum Univ., can provide data monitoring and the writing task in pressure break required geostatic stress and fracturing process to pressure break test specimen.
to sum up, can find out, obtain a lot of achievements for coal bed gas well fracturing physical analogy aspect at present, also have a lot of methods, but also there are a lot of deficiencies in its analogy method, also fail the extension process in comprehensive monitoring crack.Therefore, need to design so a kind of coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method, so that can clearly reflect generation and the extension process of crack in test specimen inside in simulation process, provide support for more furtheing investigate hydraulically created fracture Extending Law.
Summary of the invention
in order to solve the problem of the extension process that existing physical simulating method can not complete detection crack, the invention provides a kind of coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method, this analogy method produces the diagnostic function of breakaway poing position to interior of articles by sound emission receiving instrument, coordinate the indicative function of fluorescent material, just the extension process of Real-Time Monitoring pressure break test specimen internal fissure in the process that can simulate in fracturing, after pressure break, open the final form in test specimen observation crack, so that more analyse in depth the rule of fracture extension in coal bed gas well fracturing process, carrying out in laboratory fracturing physical analogy process Real-Time Monitoring crack in generation and the expansion of test specimen inside, focus on the three-dimensional signature analysis in crack and be not only confined to the observation that fracture extends on pressure break test specimen surface, reflect better the process of fracture extension.
the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method, comprises hydraulic pressure regulator, sound emission receiving instrument, pressure break test specimen, simulation wellbore hole, acoustic emission probe, fracturing fluid pipeline, guanidine glue fracturing fluid, true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames, oil isolated from water device, oil, console, acoustic emission signal amplifier; This analogy method is provided with true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames, described true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frame inside are placed with the pressure break test specimen with simulation wellbore hole, eight bights of pressure break test specimen with plastic cement separately tight bond have acoustic emission probe, acoustic emission probe is connected with sound emission receiving instrument by acoustic emission signal amplifier; Described true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames are externally connected to hydraulic pressure regulator; Described simulation wellbore hole top is connected with oil isolated from water device by fracturing fluid pipeline, and described oil isolated from water device top is added with guanidine glue fracturing fluid, and oil isolated from water device bottom is added with oil; Described oil isolated from water device bottom is connected with console;
this one coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method comprises the following steps:
the first step: the three-dimensional confined pressure while designing pressure break as required and fracturing fluid charge velocity simulated ground stress and pressing crack construction discharge capacity;
second step: make corresponding fracturing physical analogy pressure break test specimen according to the size of laboratory experiment instrument, the specimen prefabricated simulation wellbore hole that has simulation pressure break to use of pressure break, pressure break test specimen surface should mark three-dimensional confined pressure direction;
the 3rd step: suitable processing is carried out in eight bights of above-mentioned pressure break test specimen, so that connecting acoustic emission receiving instrument, acoustic emission probe and pressure break test specimen junction closely bond with plastic cement, the acoustic emission probe that guarantees sound emission receiving instrument can receive the inner faint sound producing of test specimen continuously, carries out signal calibration after connecting;
the 4th step: preparation contain fluorescent material guanidine glue fracturing fluid as simulation fracturing fluid, after guanidine glue fracturing fluid can guarantee that pressure break finishes, fracturing fracture surface has fracturing fluid residual, be convenient to open pressure break test specimen after fracture observe;
the 5th step: the pressure break test specimen that is connected to sound emission receiving instrument is put into true three axle simulation crushing test framves fixing, the guanidine glue fracturing fluid that contains fluorescent material is joined in oil isolated from water device, connect console, fracturing fluid pipeline etc.;
the 6th step: apply three axle confined pressures to predetermined value to pressure break test specimen by stabilizing hydraulic pressure source, the guanidine glue fracturing fluid that contains fluorescent material according to selected pumpage to simulation wellbore hole infusion by console, start the data collecting system of console, record infusion pressure, the parameters such as discharge capacity, starting the of the fracturing fluid while of infusion, starting the acoustic emission signal in sound emission receiving instrument monitoring infusion process, pressure break is simulated to pressure break test specimen surface has fracturing fluid to overflow;
the 7th step: after pressure break simulation finishes, preserve experimental data, close experimental system, take off pressure break test specimen, the internal fissure feature that the fracture extension situation on observed and recorded pressure break test specimen surface and test specimen reflect by fluorescent material after opening.
beneficial effect of the present invention, this a kind of coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method is carrying out in laboratory fracturing physical analogy process Real-Time Monitoring crack in generation and the expansion of test specimen inside, focus on the three-dimensional signature analysis in crack and be not only confined to the observation that fracture extends on pressure break test specimen surface, reflect better the process of fracture extension.
Accompanying drawing explanation
below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
fig. 1 is fracturing testing counter schematic diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is that sound emission receiving instrument of the present invention connects test specimen schematic diagram.
in figure, 1. hydraulic pressure regulator, 2. sound emission receiving instrument, 3. pressure break test specimen, 4. simulation wellbore hole, 5. acoustic emission probe, 6. fracturing fluid pipeline, 7. guanidine glue fracturing fluid, 8. true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames, 9. oil isolated from water device, 10. oil, 11. consoles, 12. acoustic emission signal amplifiers.
The specific embodiment
in the drawings, a kind of coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method, comprises hydraulic pressure regulator 1, sound emission receiving instrument 2, pressure break test specimen 3, simulation wellbore hole 4, acoustic emission probe 5, fracturing fluid pipeline 6, guanidine glue fracturing fluid 7, true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames 8, oil isolated from water device 9, oil 10, console 11, acoustic emission signal amplifier 12; This analogy method is provided with true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames 8, described true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frame 8 inside are placed with the pressure break test specimen 3 with simulation wellbore hole 4, eight bights of pressure break test specimen 3 with plastic cement separately tight bond have acoustic emission probe 5, acoustic emission probe 5 is connected with sound emission receiving instrument 2 by acoustic emission signal amplifier 12; Described true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames 8 are externally connected to hydraulic pressure regulator 1; Described simulation wellbore hole 4 tops are connected with oil isolated from water device 9 by fracturing fluid pipeline 6, and described oil isolated from water device 9 tops are added with guanidine glue fracturing fluid 7, and oil isolated from water device 9 bottoms are added with oil 10; Described oil isolated from water device 9 bottoms are connected with console 11;
this one coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method comprises step:
the first step: the three-dimensional confined pressure while designing pressure break as required and fracturing fluid charge velocity simulated ground stress and pressing crack construction discharge capacity;
second step: make corresponding fracturing physical analogy pressure break test specimen 3 according to the size of laboratory experiment instrument, pressure break test specimen 3 is prefabricated with the simulation wellbore hole 4 that simulation pressure break is used, and pressure break test specimen 3 surfaces should mark three-dimensional confined pressure direction;
the 3rd step: suitable processing is carried out in eight bights of above-mentioned pressure break test specimen 3, so that connecting acoustic emission receiving instrument 2, acoustic emission probe 5 closely bonds with plastic cement with pressure break test specimen 3 junctions, the acoustic emission probe 5 that guarantees sound emission receiving instrument 2 can receive the inner faint sound producing of test specimen continuously, carries out signal calibration after connecting;
the 4th step: the guanidine glue fracturing fluid 7 that preparation contains fluorescent material is as simulation fracturing fluid, and after guanidine glue fracturing fluid 7 can guarantee that pressure break finishes, fracturing fracture surface has fracturing fluid residual, is convenient to open the rear fracture of pressure break test specimen 1 and observes;
the 5th step: the pressure break test specimen 1 that is connected to sound emission receiving instrument 3 is put into true three axle simulation crushing test framves 8 fixing, the guanidine glue fracturing fluid 7 that contains fluorescent material is joined in oil isolated from water device 9, connect console 11, fracturing fluid pipeline 6 etc.;
the 6th step: apply three axle confined pressures to predetermined value to pressure break test specimen 3 by stabilizing hydraulic pressure source 1, the guanidine glue fracturing fluid 7 that contains fluorescent material according to selected pumpage to simulation wellbore hole 4 infusions by console 11, start the data collecting system of console 11, record infusion pressure, the parameters such as discharge capacity, starting the of the fracturing fluid while of infusion, starting the acoustic emission signal that sound emission receiving instrument 2 is monitored in infusion process, pressure break is simulated to pressure break test specimen 3 surfaces has fracturing fluid to overflow;
the 7th step: after pressure break simulation finishes, preserve experimental data, close experimental system, take off pressure break test specimen, the internal fissure feature that the fracture extension situation on observed and recorded pressure break test specimen 3 surfaces and test specimen reflect by fluorescent material after opening.
Claims (1)
1.
a kind of coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method, comprise hydraulic pressure regulator (1), sound emission receiving instrument (2), pressure break test specimen (3), simulation wellbore hole (4), acoustic emission probe (5), fracturing fluid pipeline (6), guanidine glue fracturing fluid (7), true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames (8), oil isolated from water device (9), oil (10), console (11), acoustic emission signal amplifier (12); This analogy method is provided with true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames (8), described true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frame (8) inside are placed with the pressure break test specimen (3) with simulation wellbore hole (4), eight bights of pressure break test specimen (3) with plastic cement separately tight bond have acoustic emission probe (5), acoustic emission probe (5) is connected with sound emission receiving instrument (2) by acoustic emission signal amplifier (12); Described true three axle simulation pressure break experiment frames (8) are externally connected to hydraulic pressure regulator (1); Described simulation wellbore hole (4) top is connected with oil isolated from water device (9) by fracturing fluid pipeline (6), described oil isolated from water device (9) top is added with guanidine glue fracturing fluid (7), and oil isolated from water device (9) bottom is added with oil (10); Described oil isolated from water device (9) bottom is connected with console (11); This one coal bed gas well fracturing physical simulating method comprises step: the first step: the three-dimensional confined pressure while designing pressure break as required and fracturing fluid charge velocity simulated ground stress and pressing crack construction discharge capacity; Second step: make corresponding fracturing physical analogy pressure break test specimen (3) according to the size of laboratory experiment instrument, pressure break test specimen (3) is prefabricated with the simulation wellbore hole (4) that simulation pressure break is used, and pressure break test specimen (3) surface should mark three-dimensional confined pressure direction; The 3rd step: suitable processing is carried out in eight bights of above-mentioned pressure break test specimen (3), so that connecting acoustic emission receiving instrument (2), acoustic emission probe (5) closely bonds with plastic cement with pressure break test specimen (3) junction, the acoustic emission probe (5) that guarantees sound emission receiving instrument (2) can receive the inner faint sound producing of test specimen continuously, carries out signal calibration after connecting; The 4th step: the guanidine glue fracturing fluid (7) that preparation contains fluorescent material is as simulation fracturing fluid, after guanidine glue fracturing fluid (7) can guarantee that pressure break finishes, fracturing fracture surface has fracturing fluid residual, is convenient to open the rear fracture of pressure break test specimen (1) and observes; The 5th step: the pressure break test specimen (1) that is connected to sound emission receiving instrument (3) is put into true three axle simulation crushing test framves (8) fixing, the guanidine glue fracturing fluid (7) that contains fluorescent material is joined in oil isolated from water device (9), connect console (11), fracturing fluid pipeline (6) etc.; The 6th step: apply three axle confined pressures to predetermined value to pressure break test specimen (3) by stabilizing hydraulic pressure source (1), the guanidine glue fracturing fluid (7) that contains fluorescent material according to selected pumpage to simulation wellbore hole (4) infusion by console (11), start the data collecting system of console (11), record infusion pressure, the parameters such as discharge capacity, starting the of the fracturing fluid while of infusion, start the acoustic emission signal in sound emission receiving instrument (2) monitoring infusion process, pressure break is simulated to pressure break test specimen (3) surface has fracturing fluid to overflow; The 7th step: after pressure break simulation finishes, preserve experimental data, close experimental system, take off pressure break test specimen, the internal fissure feature that the fracture extension situation on observed and recorded pressure break test specimen (3) surface and test specimen reflect by fluorescent material after opening.
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