CN103872940A - 一种双向变流拓扑 - Google Patents

一种双向变流拓扑 Download PDF

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CN103872940A
CN103872940A CN201210557570.1A CN201210557570A CN103872940A CN 103872940 A CN103872940 A CN 103872940A CN 201210557570 A CN201210557570 A CN 201210557570A CN 103872940 A CN103872940 A CN 103872940A
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switching tube
inductance
bridge
bidirectional variable
direct current
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张永
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FENGZHI (SHANGHAI) NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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FENGZHI (SHANGHAI) NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201210557570.1A priority Critical patent/CN103872940A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2013/000260 priority patent/WO2014086083A1/zh
Publication of CN103872940A publication Critical patent/CN103872940A/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters

Abstract

本发明属于电力变流领域,实现直流电与交流电互相转换,可以广泛应用于需要交直流混合电源、储能、电机驱动和制动等系统中。本发明是在直流侧正负极上各串联一个开关管,开关后各连接一个电感,两个电感与开关的连接处之间连接有升续电路,电感的另外一侧连接H桥,H桥两桥臂的中点直接有电容,并且为交流输出输出端。本发明采用相对简单的拓扑结构实现了直流电交流电直接的双向流动,可以实现整流、逆变、变频、无功控制等,广泛应用于储能、交直流混合系统、电机驱动和制动等。

Description

一种双向变流拓扑
技术领域
本发明属于电力变流领域,实现直流电与交流电互相转换,可以广泛应用于需要交直流混合电源、储能、电机驱动和制动等系统中。
背景技术
随着生产力的发展对交直流混合供电系统的需要越来越多,比如新能源储能系统、智能微网系统、高压直流UPS系统、新能源充电电站、新能源动力系统、电机变频驱动和制动等。这样的系统中往往需要蓄能、直流供电和交流供电,系统中最重要的一个设备就是双向变流器,在一些场合又称之为双向逆变器、逆变充电器、电池逆变器等。它的作用是连接交流系统和直流系统,实现两个系统之间的能源转换,即有时需要从直流变换成交流、有时需要从交流变换成直流。针对交流系统,又有单相和三相之分。当前大功率的双向变流器,这里的大功率主要指50KW以上,主要是三相双向变流器;小功率的双向变流器,以单相电为主。双向变流器是相当新兴的需求,当前的产品还有结构复杂、价格高等缺点,需要技术的不断进步满足产业需求。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种双向变流拓扑,创新的实现了高效率、低成本、并且无高频共模干扰的直流电与单相交流电直接的双向变流,同时还能实现交流无功的控制。
本发明的技术方案(对照附图)是:
直流输入输出端正负极上各串联一个开关管(称与正极连接的开关管为S5,称与负极连接的开关管为S6),开关管S5和S6后面各连接一个电感(称与开关S5连接的电感为L1,称与开关S6连接的电感为L2),电感L1和L2与开关S5和S6的连接一侧之间连接有升续电路(升续电路为升压和续流电路的简称),电感L1和L2的另一侧连接H型换向整流桥(简称这个H型换向整流桥为H桥);开关管S5和S6是双向的,或并联有反向二极管(图中的D5和D6),或开关管内部集成了反向二极管;H桥有四个开关管(图中的S1、S2、S3和S4),H桥中与电感L1连接的两个开关管为S1和S3,H桥中与电感L2连接的两个开关管为S2和S4,S1与S2组成一个桥臂,S3与S4组成一个桥臂;开关管S1、S2、S3和S4是双向的,或并联有反向二极管(图中的D1、D2、D3和D4),或开关管内部集成了反向二极管;在H桥两个桥臂中点之间连接平波电容(这里称这个电容为C3);H桥的两个桥臂中点连接交流输入输出端,当然实际应用中还要增加EMC滤波电路,EMC滤波电路在附图中没有画出来;升续电路有两种实现拓扑,一种是无箝位升续电路(如图1中所示),一种是中点箝位升续电路(如图2中所示);无箝位升续电路是直接在电感L1和L2与开关S5和S6连接点之间连接一个开关管(称S7);开关管S7是双向的,或并联有反向二极管(D7),或开关管内部集成了反向二极管;中点箝位升续电路是在直流输入输出端串联两个电容(称C10和C11),在电感L1和L2与开关S5和S6连接点之间连接串联两个开关管(称S8和S9),电容C10和C11之间的中点与开关管S8和S9之间的中点相连;开关管S8和S9是双向的,或并联有反向二极管(D8和D9),或开关管内部集成了反向二极管;在直流输入输出端和交流输入输出端都并联电容;在H换向桥的直流侧并联电容C2。
本发明的有益效果是:
用简单的拓扑电路实现了功率的双向变换,可以把直流电逆变为交流电,也可以把交流电变换为直流电,比当前类似的方案成本低很多。本发明没有高频共模干扰问题,保证了EMC性能,还可以避免使用变压器隔离,降低了成本,提高了效率。本发明的拓扑对开关管的耐压要求低,降低了最终产品的成本。本发明的拓扑在实现有功功率变换的同时可以实现功率因数的调整,控制无功功率的流向。采用本发明可是实现变频的四象限运行,方便实现电机的变频驱动和制动。
附图说明
本说明书有四个附图:
图1,采用无箝位升续电路的双向变流拓扑;
图2,采用中点箝位的双向变流拓扑;
图3,功率从直流侧流向交流侧的工作示意图;
图4,功率从交流侧流向直流侧的工作示意图;
具体实施方式
图3、图4是使用本发明的双向变流拓扑的工作示意图。
图3所示的是功率从直流侧流向交流侧的工作原理:这时开关S5和S6处于高频斩波开关状态,S5和S6同时开通或关断;当S5和S6处于开通状态时,对电感L1和L2充电,升续电路处于关断状态;当S5和S6处于关断状态时,电感L1和L2的电流通过升续电路续流;H换向桥处于工频开关状态,对L1和L2的电流进行换向,实现交流输出的极性变换;升续电路可以采用二极管续流方式,即续流电流从升续电路中的二极管流过,也可以采用同步续流方式,即续流电流从升续电路中的开关管;二极管续流的方式,续流不需要控制,所以控制策略简单,同步续流的方式控制较为复杂,同时需要开关管S7为双向,但在合理的设计下可以实现更高的效率;通过控制S5和S6的高频斩波的占空比控制交流侧输出的电压幅值变化;通过控制H桥,控制交流输出的极性。
图4所示的是功率从交流侧流向直流侧的工作原理:这时升续电路中的开关管(图4中的S7)处于高频升压开关状态;当S7开通时对电感L1和L2进行充电,S5、D5和S6、D5处于关断状态,当S7关断时电感L1和L2的电流通过S5/D5和S6/D5续流,向直流侧输电;电感L1和L2的电流续流也有两种方式,二极管续流方式和同步续流方式,二极管续流方式需要在S5和S6上并联续流二极管,但控制比较简单,同步续流方式控制较复杂,同时需要开关管S5和S6是双向的,但在设计合理的情况下可以实现更高的效率;H桥作为整理桥使用,也有两种方式,同步整流和二极管整流;通过控制升续电路的开关管的高频升压开关占空比控制直流侧的输出电压幅值和功率。
上述两种功率的流动方向控制通过控制时序实现动态的变化,从而实现功率的灵活控制,实现逆变、整流、变频、无功控制等,广泛应用于储能、交直流混合系统、电机驱动和制动等。

Claims (12)

1.一种双向变流拓扑,实现直流电与交流电互相转换,其特征在于直流输入输出端正负极上各串联一个开关管(S5和S6),开关管S5和S6后面各连接一个电感(L1和L2),两个电感与开关S5和S6的连接一侧之间连接有升续电路,电感L1和L2的另一侧连接H型换向整流桥。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于所述的开关管S5和S6是双向的,或者并联有反向二极管,或内部内部集成了反向二极管。 
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于它的H桥有四个开关管(S1、S2、S3和S4),H桥中与电感L1连接的两个开关管为S1和S3,H桥中与电感L2连接的两个开关管为S2和S4,S1与S2组成一个桥臂,S3与S4组成一个桥臂。 
4.根据权利要求1和权利要求3所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于所述的开关管S1、S2、S3和S4是双向的,或并联有反向二极管,或开关管内部集成了反向二极管。 
5.根据权利要求1和权利要求3所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于在H桥两个桥臂中点之间连接平波电容。 
6.根据权利要求1和权利要求3所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于H桥两个桥臂中点连接交流输入输出端。 
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于它的升续电路采用无箝位升续电路,即直接在电感L1和L2与开关S5和S6连接点之间连接一个开关管S7。 
8.根据权利要求1和权利要求7所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于所述的开关管S7是双向的,或并联有反向二极管,或开关管内部集成了反向二极管。 
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于它的升续电路采中点箝位升续电路,即在直流输入输出端串联两个电容C10和C11,在电感L1和L2与开关S5和S6连接点之间连接串联两个开关管S8和S9,电容C10和C11之间的中点与开关管S8和S9之间的中点相连。 
10.根据权利要求1和权利要求9所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于所述的开关管S8和S9是双向的,或并联有反向二极管,或开关管内部集成了反向二极管。 
11.根据权利要求1所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于其直流输入输出端和交流输入输出端都并联电容。 
12.根据权利要求1所述的一种双向变流拓扑,其特征在于其H换向桥的直流侧并联电容C2。 
CN201210557570.1A 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 一种双向变流拓扑 Pending CN103872940A (zh)

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CN103888014A (zh) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 双向逆变器拓扑
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CN103888014A (zh) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 双向逆变器拓扑
CN107482913A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2017-12-15 深圳市泰昂能源科技股份有限公司 直流电压变换电路及直流电压变换器
CN107482913B (zh) * 2017-08-17 2019-10-25 深圳市泰昂能源科技股份有限公司 直流电压变换电路及直流电压变换器
TWI723491B (zh) * 2019-08-14 2021-04-01 台達電子工業股份有限公司 雙向功率因數校正模組

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