CN103867398A - 一种躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置 - Google Patents

一种躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置 Download PDF

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CN103867398A
CN103867398A CN201210545387.XA CN201210545387A CN103867398A CN 103867398 A CN103867398 A CN 103867398A CN 201210545387 A CN201210545387 A CN 201210545387A CN 103867398 A CN103867398 A CN 103867398A
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horizontal axis
cross
flow type
generating apparatus
electric heating
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邓惠仪
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Priority to CN201210545387.XA priority Critical patent/CN103867398A/zh
Priority to US13/929,824 priority patent/US9133822B2/en
Priority to DE212013000255.6U priority patent/DE212013000255U1/de
Priority to AU2013101728A priority patent/AU2013101728A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/078968 priority patent/WO2014089963A1/en
Priority to AU2013359715A priority patent/AU2013359715A1/en
Priority to TW102223633U priority patent/TWM481291U/zh
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    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/10—Snow traps ; Removing snow from roofs; Snow melters
    • E04D13/103—De-icing devices or snow melters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
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    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
    • E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
    • E04D3/08—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor with metal glazing bars
    • E04D2003/0818—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor with metal glazing bars the supporting section of the glazing bar consisting of several parts, e.g. compound sections
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，包括机架，所述机架上设有叶轮以及与所述叶轮相耦合的横流式水平轴发电机，所述机架的前端和后端分别设有集风导管，所述集风导管由所述机架向外逐渐延伸的形状。本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置可以简易安装在诸如斜屋顶或平屋顶的民居、农舍、工厂和仓库等各种建筑物上，利用宽阔屋顶的面积与集风导管形成聚风区，以倍增风速和风量流经叶轮而提高风力发电效率，能够促进风力发电的推广和普及，有助于环保能源的利用，减少全球碳排放。

Description

一种躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电装置，更具体地说，涉及一种躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置。
背景技术
风力发电装置按照风机轴的放置方式，一般可以分为两类：一类是水平轴风力发电机，第二类是垂直轴风力发电机。由于垂直轴风力发电机在建设成本、日常运作、经济效益和维护方面的诸多缺点，大部分的商业风力发装置皆属于水平轴风力发电机。现有的商业风力发电装置多采用多个大型风机组成发电系统，把发出的电能经综合处理后输至电网。随着技术的进步，分布式并网发电也逐渐成为一种趋势，利用众多小规模独立发电单位也可各自联网，广泛拓展风力发电的普及化。
现有的风力发电机需安装在高塔或高杆上，使用大跨度叶轮，建设成本高昂，电能输出不太稳定，效益也不高。况且风机在运作时会产生噪音和震动，这迫使风机需远离建筑物等诸多限制，这使风力发电应用在家居领域里极少。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，可以简易安装在诸如民居、农舍、工厂和仓库等各种建筑物的顶部，利用宽阔屋顶的面积与集风导管形成聚风区，以倍增风速和风量流经叶轮而提高风力发电效率，能够促进风力发电的推广和普及，有助于环保能源的利用，减少全球碳排放。
本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，包括机架，所述机架上设有叶轮以及与所述叶轮相耦合的横流水平轴发电机，所述机架的前端进风面和后端排风面分别设有集风导管，所述集风导管由所述机架向外呈逐渐扩张延伸的形状。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，所述集风导管包括上挡板、左挡板、右挡板、以及下挡板，所述上挡板的下边沿和所述叶轮的3/4直径高度位置在同一平面内，所述下挡板的上边沿和所述叶轮的1/4直径高度位置在同一平面内。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，所述叶轮具有多个叶片,所述叶片的截面为圆弧形，所述叶片的两侧向内翻折形成聚风区。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，还包括集热管式太阳能热水器，所述集热管式太阳能热水器包括水箱，以及与所述水箱相连的多根真空玻璃集热管，所述机架设置在所述水箱上，所述水箱内设有电热元件，所述电热元件与所述横流水平轴发电机电的输出电路电连接。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，多根所述真空玻璃集热管错位排列成上下两层，所述真空玻璃集热管的下方设置有阳光反射膜。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，所述真空玻璃集热管的外表面设有电热丝，所述电热丝与所述横流水平轴发电机的输出电路电连接。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，还包括蓄电池，所述横流水平轴发电机与所述蓄电池电连接。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，还包括平板式太阳能热水器，所述平板式太阳能热水器包括水箱和平板式集热板，所述水箱内设有电热元件，所述电热元件与所述横流水平轴发电机的输出电路电连接。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，所述平板式集热板的表面设有电热丝，所述电热丝与所述横流水平轴发电机输出电路有控开关连接。
在本发明所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置中，还包括设置在屋顶上的多块太阳能光伏电池板，所述多块太阳能光伏电池板的表面设有电热丝，所述电热丝与所述横流水平轴发电机的输出电路电连接着。
实施本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，具有以下有益效果：本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置是应用创新的概念，直接把风力发电装置安装在建筑物上。该发电装置安装施工简易，建设成本低廉，运作宁静平稳，日常维护简单，全年可有较高效的电力输出，进一步，还可以与太阳能热水系统或太阳能光伏电池板协同运作，提高绿色能源的应用，外形也可以与建筑物外观和谐融为一体。这使风力发电的应用普及至民居，农舍，工厂，仓库和远离市电供应的建筑物。这更符合世界逐渐趋向分布式并网发电的应用。这样，众多小规模独立发电单位可各自联网，使风能发电的应用普及推广至全球，对减少全球碳排放有极大贡献，在世界市场上发展潜力无限。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例的立体示意图；
图2是本发明躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例的正面示意图；
图3是本发明躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例的局部示意图；
图4a是图3中A-A剖面图，示意风由前端集风导管进入，流经叶轮从后集风导管排出时气流和叶轮运转方向；
图4b是图3中A-A剖面图，示意风由后端集风导管进入，流经叶轮从前端集风导管排出时气流和叶轮运转方向。
图5是本发明躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例中叶轮的叶片的示意图；
图6是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第二实施例的立体示意图；
图7是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第二实施例的正面示意图；
图8是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第三实施例的示意图；
图9是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第三实施例的局部示意图；
图10是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第三实施例中太阳能热水器的俯视图；
图11是图10中A-A剖面图；
图12是图10中B-B剖面图；
图13是太阳能热水器的集热管的示意图；
图14是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第四实施例的立体示意图；
图15是本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第五实施例的立体示意图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1至图5所示，为本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例的示意图。本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置安装在房屋100的屋顶上，该风力发电装置包括机架1，机架1安装在房屋100的屋脊上，机架1可以通过钢缆8固定在房屋100的屋顶上，机架1上安装有叶轮2以及与叶轮2相耦合的横流水平轴发电机3，叶轮2和横流水平轴发电机3的轴都是水平放置，叶轮2可以是一个或多个，横流水平轴发电机3可以位于两个叶轮2之间，也可以设置在叶轮2的任何一端。为了更好的利用风能，捕获更多的风能，在机架1的前端进风面和后端排风面分别设有集风导管4，集风导管4由机架1向外呈逐渐扩张延伸的形状，气流进入前端集风导管4后，随着集风导管4由外向内逐渐收缩，这会把气流增速通过叶轮，使叶轮2可以获得更高的转速，驱动横流水平轴发电机3发电。当气流刚进入到后端的排风区时，气体会急速膨胀产生局部真空，把更多的气流从前端抽入，使发动机速度更加提高从而产生更多的电能。由于在机架1的两端都设有集风导管4和导风挡板，这样无论是风由机架1的前端吹来，还是由机架1的后端吹来，都可以利用风能进行发电，且发电机的转动方向也是同一方向。由于发电装置可直接安装在建筑物上，免去使用高杆和大跨度叶轮，对建筑物外观不会造成影响。又因大部份建筑物皆面向南北，屋脊/屋顶离地高而常有风，发电装置可长年运作。
参看图3、图4a和图4b，在本实施例中，集风导管4包括上挡板41a，41b，左挡板42、右挡板43、以及下挡板44a，44b，上挡板41a，41b、左挡板42、右挡板43、以及下挡板44a，44b可以与屋顶配合，对进入集风导管4内的气流进行压缩，提高气流流经叶轮2的速度。进一步，为了减少叶轮2回转时与进风产生抗阻，上档板41a，以及下挡板44b的边沿适当的继续延伸，优选的，上挡板41a下边沿和叶轮2的3/4直径高度位置在同一平面内，下挡板44b的上边沿和叶轮2的1/4直径高度位置在同一平面内，这样可以增加风速通过叶轮2运转，增强电力输出。参看图3和图5，叶轮2具有多个叶片21,叶片21的截面为圆弧形，叶片21的两侧向内翻折形成聚风区22，这样可以捕获更多风能，提高输出效率，巧妙实施文丘里效应Venturi Effect的应用。
参看图6和图7，为本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第二实施例的示意图，该实施例的发电装置的结构与第一实施例的发电装置的结构基本上相同，不同之处在于，在第一实施例中，横流水平轴发电机3的两侧各有三个模块叶轮2，而在第二实施例中，水平轴发电机3的两侧各有一个叶轮2，发电装置的叶轮2的个数，可以配合房屋100的屋顶的长度来确定。
本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置可以利用建筑物的高地势和屋顶宽大面积与集风导管4形成聚风区，对气流有压缩效应，以捕获较大的风速发电。该发电装置可直接安装在屋顶上，建设成本低，可配合建筑物外观，与建筑物融为一体。该发电装置运作时宁静，不会把噪音和震动传至屋内，且能在任可最恶劣环境下；包括在南北极和风雪暴雨下，长期运作发电。该发电装置也可采用PTFE或尼龙塑料成为轴承和转轴垫料，这可使设备长期在户外运作，把一般的例行户外维修工作减少。该发电装置可把风力发电的应用普及拓展至世界大部份建筑物，最适用于远离市电供应的建筑物。这更符合世界逐渐流行的分布式并网发电趋势，对减少全球碳排放有极大贡献。
参看图8至图13，为本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第三实施例的示意图。在该实施例中，在躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例和第二实施例的基础上，还可以包括集热管式太阳能热水器5，集热管式太阳能热水器5包括水箱50，以及与水箱50相连的多根真空玻璃集热管51，机架1可以设置在水箱50上，多根真空玻璃集热管51错位排列成上下两层，为了最大程度的利用太阳能，在真空玻璃集热管51的下方设置有阳光反射膜52，可以将从真空玻璃集热管51之间漏出的太阳光和邻近反射光反射到真空玻璃集热管51上，这设计方案比传统单管排列式集热效能提升60%以上，成本只微增。水箱50内设有电热元件，电热元件与横流水平轴发电机3的输出电路电连接。可以利用横流水平轴发电机3发出的电对水箱50的水进行加热，保证在有风的阴天的热水供应。整个发电装置还可以包括蓄电池，横流水平轴发电机3与蓄电池电连接，蓄电池可以将横流水平轴发电机3发出的电存储起来，当蓄电池被充满电时才利用横流水平轴发电机3发出的电来加热水箱50内的水，这同时更可保护电路。为了能够在冰雪天气时融化掉覆盖在真空玻璃集热管51外表面的冰雪，可以在真空玻璃集热管51的外表面设有电热丝53，电热丝53与横流水平轴发电机3的输出电路电连接，这样在冰雪天气时，可以对电热丝53进行通电，利用电热丝53产生的热量将冰雪融化掉，以使真空玻璃集热管51可以正常利用太阳能。
参看图14，为本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第四实施例的示意图。在该实施例中，在躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例和第二实施例的基础上，还可以包括平板式太阳能热水器，平板式太阳能热水器包括水箱和平板式集热板61，水箱内设有电热元件，电热元件与横流水平轴发电机3的输出电路电连接。同样为了可以消除冰雪的影响，可以在平板式集热板61的表面设有电热丝53，电热丝53与水平轴发电机3的输出电路电连接，在雨雪天气时，利用电热丝53通电产生的热去融化掉覆盖在平板式集热板61上的冰雪。
参看图15，为本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第五实施例的示意图。在该实施例中，在躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置的第一实施例和第二实施例的基础上，还可以包括设置在屋顶上的多块太阳能光伏电池板7，这样可以增加总发电量并确保在没有阳光时也有电能输出。多块太阳能光伏电池板7的表面设有电热丝53，电热丝53与横流水平轴发电机3的输出电路电连接，电热丝53的作用与第三和第四实施例中的电热丝53的作用相同。
实施本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，具有以下有益效果：本发明的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置是应用创新的概念，直接把风力发电装置安装在建筑物上。该发电装置安装施工简易，建设成本低廉，运作宁静平稳，日常维护简单，全年可有较高效的电力输出，进一步，还可以与太阳能热水系统或太阳能光伏电池板协同运作，提高绿色能源的应用，外形也可以与建筑物外观和谐融为一体。这使风力发电的应用普及至民居，农舍，工厂，仓库和远离市电供应的建筑物。这更符合世界逐渐趋向分布式并网发电的应用。这样，众多小规模独立发电单位可各自联网，使风能发电的应用普及推广至全球，对减少全球碳排放有极大贡献，在世界市场上发展潜力无限。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，包括机架（1），所述机架（1）上设有叶轮（2）以及与所述叶轮（2）相耦合的横流水平轴发电机（3），所述机架（1）的前端进风面和后端排风面分别设有集风导管（4），所述集风导管（4）由所述机架（1）向外呈逐渐扩张延伸形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，所述集风导管（4）包括上挡板（41a，41b）、左挡板（42）、右挡板（43）、以及下挡板（44a，44b），所述上挡板（41a）的下边沿和所述叶轮（2）的3/4直径高度位置在同一平面内，所述下挡板（44b）的上边沿和所述叶轮（2）的1/4直径高度位置在同一平面内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，所述叶轮（2）具有多个叶片（21）,所述叶片（21）的截面为圆弧形，所述叶片（21）的两侧向内翻折形成聚风区（22）。
4.根据权利要求1所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，还包括集热管式太阳能热水器（5），所述集热管式太阳能热水器（5）包括水箱（50），以及与所述水箱（50）相连的多根真空玻璃集热管（51），所述机架（1）设置在所述水箱（50）上，所述水箱（50）内设有电热元件，所述电热元件与所述横流水平轴发电机（3）的输出电路电连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，多根所述真空玻璃集热管（51）错位排列成上下两层，所述真空玻璃集热管（51）的下方设置有阳光反射膜（52）。
6.根据权利要求4所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，所述真空玻璃集热管（51）的外表面设有电热丝（53），所述电热丝（53）与所述横流水平轴发电机（3）的输出电路电连接。
7.根据权利要求4所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，还包括蓄电池，所述横流式水平轴发电机（3）与所述蓄电池电连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，还包括平板式太阳能热水器，所述平板式太阳能热水器包括水箱（50）和平板式集热板（61），所述水箱（50）内设有电热元件，所述电热元件与所述横流水平轴发电机（3）的输出电路电连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，所述平板式集热板（61）的表面设有电热丝（53），所述电热丝（53）与所述横流水平轴发电机（3）的输出电路电连接。
10.根据权利要求1所述的躺卧横流式水平轴屋顶风力发电装置，其特征在于，还包括设置在屋顶上的多块太阳能光伏电池板（7），所述多块太阳能光伏电池板（7）的表面设有电热丝（53），所述电热丝（53）与所述横流水平轴发电机（3）的输出电路电连接。
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