WO2022195369A1

WO2022195369A1 - Device and method of hybrid management of energy production and storage in mushroom-shaped buildings

Info

Publication number: WO2022195369A1
Application number: PCT/IB2022/051389
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mojtaba DARBANIYAN; Mahya GHOUCHANI; Ata HAMIDZADEH MAHDIAN; Nioosha HAMIDZADEH MAHDIAN
Original assignee: Darbaniyan Mojtaba; Ghouchani Mahya; Hamidzadeh Mahdian Ata; Hamidzadeh Mahdian Nioosha
Priority date: 2022-02-16
Filing date: 2022-02-16
Publication date: 2022-09-22

Abstract

Hybrid device and method of managing the energy production and storage in Mushroom-shaped structures is an invention in the field of mechanical and electrical installations of the building, which solves the problem of energy supply and consumption management in mushroom -shaped structures. Using a glassed roof and placing heat absorption and transfer pipes between the two glassed walls of the roof, the heat and energy required for pumping will be provided by the water fluid and air fluid coils. Also, by placing the turbine in the outermost part of the roof, we have converted wind energy into electrical energy. Water tanks have been used to store heat and cold - due to their special heat capacity - and by focusing on the location of the person, wasting energy to change the temperature and provide ambient light is prevented.

Description

Device and method of hybrid management of energy production and storage in mushroom-shaped buildings

of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any of groups E04D 3/04, E04D 3/06 or E04D 3/16

Building system for cascading flows of matter and energy

AU2014308625

A system for optimizing exergy within a dissipative structure in an engineered ecosystem comprised of: a thermal management system comprised of thermal flux reservoirs in communication with exergy carriers; an atmospheric management system comprised from the group of gas processors, gas distributors, gas concentrators, exergy carrier movers, active agents, segregation and filters; a radiation processes controller, optimizing solar and artificial radiation usage of direct and concentrated light;

a hydrological cycles management system;

a material cycles operator-comprised of gas, fluid, or solid handlers;

an energy prime mover system;

a supervisory management system; and

a building system comprised of the homeostatic regulator of cascading flows of matter and energy, manager of energy and mass exchanges over time.

SYSTEM FOR SELF-SUPPLY OF BUILDINGS AND RESIDENTS

WO2020171781

The object of the invention is a combined impact of technological systems that allow for self-sufficiency of buildings in solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system and biotechnological self-sufficiency systems for residents of urban and rural settlements in terms of sustainably produced food. The implementation of the set goal is made possible by the self-sufficiency of a building in solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system that is ensured by the technological solution to self-sufficiency of buildings in solar and electric energy based on a construction, in which the roof of the building/buildings on the north side is provided with photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels (1) at an angle that is optimal for the latitude, wherein the photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels (1) store heat in the earth 5 to 7 meters deep to heat the earth to more than 45°C and that the heat is used to heat water for washing, cooking, laundry washing, dishwashing, to heat greenhouses and swimming pools for cultivating aquaponics freshwater fish, and other needs; and in this way implementing the biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency of residents of urban and rural settlements in terms of sustainably produced food.

Building management system with electrical energy storage optimization based on benefits and costs of participating in PDBR and IBDR programs

United States Patent 11210617

A building management system includes building equipment configured to consume electrical energy and generate thermal energy, thermal energy storage configured to store at least a portion of the thermal energy generated by the building equipment and to discharge the stored thermal energy, electrical energy storage configured to store electrical energy purchased from a utility and to discharge the stored electrical energy, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine, for each time step within a time horizon, an optimal amount of electrical energy stored or discharged by the electrical energy storage by optimizing a value function.

Regional energy management system, regional energy integrated management device and regional energy integrated management method used in regional energy management system

United States Patent 8938320

According to embodiments, a regional energy integrated management device for managing energy in a region containing multiple buildings includes an information acquisition unit, an information generator, and an instruction transmitter. The information acquisition unit acquires energy management information containing energy shortage and surplus information of a building from the multiple buildings. The information generator generates regional energy management information for mutually adjusting energy supply between different buildings in the management target region based on the energy management information on the multiple buildings thus acquired. The instruction transmitter transmits the generated regional energy management information to the corresponding buildings.

Building energy management system with energy analytics

United States Patent 10527306

A building energy management system includes building equipment, a data collector, an analytics service, a time series database, and an energy management application. The building equipment monitor and control one or more variables in the building energy management system and provide data samples of the one or more variables. The data collector collects the data samples from the building equipment and generates a data time series including a plurality of the data samples. The analytics service performs one or more analytics using the data time series and generates a results time series including a plurality of result samples indicating results of the analytics. The time series database stores the data time series and the results time series. The energy management application retrieves the data time series and the results time series from the time series database in response to a request for time series data associated with the one or more variables.

Mushroom-shaped energy-saving environment-friendly building

The invention relates to the field of building, particularly to a mushroom-shaped energy-saving environment-friendly building, which comprises an over ground part and an underground part; the over ground part is provided with a storied house I and a storied house II on the same plane; the storied house I is a rectangular building, while the storied house II is in a mushroom shape; the storied house II is in a cylindrical shape and is provided with a bottom side door; the storied house I is located at one adjacent side of the storied house II; stairs are built between the top of the storied house I and the bottom side door of the storied house II; the storied house II is designed to be in a hollow structure, spiral stairs for connecting ground surface to the top of the storied house II are built in the storied house II, and rooms are built on the top of the storied house II; and a solar heat collector is arranged on the top of the storied house II. The mushroom-shaped energy-saving environment-friendly building has the advantages of advanced technique, reasonable structure design, small floor area, low energy consumption, low emission, no environment pollution, energy and resource saving, no carbon dioxide, no smoke dust and the like.

Combined solar/thermal (CHP) heat and power for residential and industrial buildings

A solar powered generator (100) has thermoelectric elements adjacent to and below solar cells. Concentrated sunlight is provided. A heat sink (104), which can be variable in temperature or efficiency, is in contact with the cold junction (108) of the thermoelectric device (103). The thermal resistivity is designed in relation to the energy flux, whereby the thermoelectric device (103) develops a gradient of several hundred Kelvin. Preferably the solar cell comprises a high band gap energy semi-conductor. The generator (100) maintains relatively consistent efficiency over a range of cold junction (108) temperatures. The heat sink (104) can be a hot water system. High efficiencies are achieved using nanocomposite thermoelectric materials. Evenly but thinly dispersing the thermoelectric segments in a matrix of highly insulating material reduces the amount of material required for the segments without sacrificing performance. A unitary construction of the solar cell and thermoelectric elements provides further advantages.

One of the building problems, especially small and medium-sized mushroom shaped structures, is to provide the required energy for light and heat. In this invention, two methods of receiving energy from sunlight and wind on a convex roof, as well as electronic consumption management based on individuals' focus, were used to solve the problem. Hybrid device and method of energy production management and storage in mushroom shaped buildings can serve as an invention in the field of mechanical and electrical installations of buildings. By using glass-type roof and placing heat absorption and transfer pipes between the two glasses walls, water and air fluid are provided in two coils of heat and energy required for pumping. Also, by placing the turbine in the outermost part of the roof, we can convert the energy of wind into electrical energy. Water tanks have been used to store heat and cold - due to their special heat capacity – and by focusing on the location of the person, wasting energy to change the temperature and provide ambient light is prevented

In the contemporary world, the population is increasing and consequently the consumption of energy, especially non-renewable, has increased. On the other hand, fossil fuel resources such as oil and gas are declining. Therefore, the use of renewable energies such as solar, wind and… is a necessity. Using renewable energy sources, in addition to reducing the costs of using fossil fuels, will help save the earth and prevent it from overheating. Using solar coils in the building to use solar energy is one of the ways to use renewable energy in buildings. Solar architecture, in which solar coils are used, has created a new style of architecture.

In buildings where solar architecture is used, solar energy is used as a renewable source of electricity. In solar architecture, the solar structure is placed on the roof of the structure and supplies the electricity needed by the building. Buildings that use solar architecture reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The cost of using non-renewable energy sources, such as fossil fuels, is also high. but buildings with solar architecture use the energy emitted from the sun, which is an available and free source, to provide the energy needed, such as heating the water needed by the building's boilers and, more importantly, electricity. Solar-powered heating and cooling systems dramatically reduce energy consumption in the building and increase the life of the building. One of the problems in buildings, especially small and medium-sized fungal structures, is to provide the required light and heat energy. In this invention, using two methods of receiving energy from sunlight and wind in a convex roof and also electronic management of consumption based on focus on the person has been tried to solve this problem.

Solution of problem

Considering the advantages of a building with a round cross-sectional shape, the maximum utilization of wind energy has been made possible in this invention. Also, the highest level of light can be received using the hemispherical shape in the coil placement. Thanks to the mushroom-shaped structure of these buildings, a 360-degree indirect light received from outside/inside is available on two floors. To implement the structure of this building, a convex double-layer glass roof (1) is needed, in which the solar water coil (2) and the solar air coil (3) are placed and owing to the presence of sunlight, the volume of air and the water temperature will increase. In this structure, turbine blades are placed to convert the circulation into electrical energy (5), in order to take advantage of wind energy in the outermost part of the roof, such positioning of the turbine will absorb the highest wind energy. Considering the fact that wind speed to the power of 3 is effective in energy production, this type of building may be installed in a wind-prone place, where its circular shape will also create some advantages.

The transparent channel of the roof (4) to the ceiling of the first floor is used to transmit sunlight during the day. This lighting from the inside allows us to use less energy to produce artificial light during the day. Also, some plants that do not need direct sunlight can be kept in this environment. On the upstairs, this channel in the transparent layer (52) directs the entire light column (9), but it is transferred to the ground floor only through the transparent or semi-transparent part of the ceiling (48), which covers some parts of each room and kitchen ceiling. Also, for a better view from the outside of both floors, the windows have been expanded throughout the building perimeter to provide a 360-degree view. On the ground floor, the presence of walls allows us to place the columns of the structure in places other than the central parts to take some of the ground floor load off. However, on the upstairs, all the roof load and some of the floor weight are transferred to the round and hollow column which is placed in the middle. Not only can this hollow column (47), which is used for bathrooms and toilets on the ground floor, bear the weight of the power cable and fluid transfer pipes, but it also protects them. These pipes which include the cold water flow from the tank (11) and the cold water return from the tank (12) and the hot water flow from the tank to the room floor (13) and the hot water return from the room floors to the tank (14) are responsible for cooling and heating of the rooms in different times by using the stored energy in groundwater reservoirs (37) and (39). Also, the pipes of (15) and (16) transfer air and fluids to the coils (2 and3) in order to increase the water temperature or increase the air temperature or volume by absorbing the sun's heat.

On the ground floor, considering the central cylinder inside space use (47) for the bathroom, the pipes and cables are transferred from the Dropped ceiling (27) to the thickened wall of the kitchen (46) in order to prevent the physical damages and maintain its beauty. This structure, which is separated with two parents' bedrooms (45), the kitchen (44), the children's bedroom (51), the corridor (50) and the staircase (49) on the ground floor, is just a reception hall on the upper floor. You can have easy access to the kitchen and bathrooms from both bedrooms. The placement of electrical and mechanical installations below the ground level (41) maximizes energy storage and physical protection. The corridor space (50), which is located behind the entrance (42) after the stairs (43), practically does not need temperature changes and no heat/refrigeration exchangers have been placed in it. To make better use of the convection law in liquids, heat coils (28) and cooling coils (20) are placed on the floor and the ceiling. Some fans (19) are used to better exchange the refrigerated air with the surrounding air, but the heat moves upwards without the need for any fan. In the segmenting method, the heat will only be generated at a specific point like on the floor by being placed on the bed (83) or a chair, or just as a light on a person's head. In this method, the person has the priority and the environment will not need to be overheated or cooled down. To convert the wind energy into electricity, permanent magnets (53) are moved from the circulation created by the turbine blades (5) and passed in front of the coils (54) which are held in place by the base (55) and screws (56). They have been shown to generate electricity which is stored in a battery (34). To maintain the position during the turbine rotation, with a diameter of 10 meters, horizontal (60) and vertical (57) ball bearings should be used, which will minimize the freedom of movement along the other axis in addition to the freedom of turbine rotation around its vertical axis. In order to keep the ball bearings in their place, the base (58), the bolts (59) and the holder (61) have been used.

As it was mentioned, we use groundwater to store energy in the form of heat or coldness. If the structure is temporarily placed somewhere, it can be placed on the ground with proper insulation and increase the number of entrance stairs. Hot water tank (39) is installed through two condensers (106) that transfer heat from the cold water tank (37), or in another method, it transfers heat from the installed coil on the roof (2) to the radiator placed inside the tank (40) and generates electrical energy in the installed Sterling (32). Radiators (31) and electric pumps (30) are used to transfer heat to the rooms floor. The Nano-insulation layer (38) prevents heat exchange between the two tanks with a temperature difference. To create cooling in a cold water tank (37), only a compression evaporator (35) is used, and by storing coldness in water – when cold water is needed, it will be provided by practically circulating water by the room or hall pump (29). Then, the room or hall is cooled as much as possible. It was previously stated that we have used the Gamma Sterling Motor (32) to create hot water circulation between the solar coil (2) and the hot water tank. With the existing knowledge on the performance of this type of engine, the passage of hot water through the pipe (15) and the heat transfer heating (63) to the Sterling cylinder (64) pushes the hot air of the piston (65) upwards and by reducing the temperature in the heating (62), generated by the colder water pipe (16), the air cools and the reciprocating motion continues. This motion is transmitted to the moving parts by a connecting rod (66) in the direction of the linear force rotation and it causes the rotation of the permanent magnets (72) which are stored in the battery being connected to the axis by the rods (71). It is clear that the piston (70), sealed by rings (69), regulates air volume control. By rotating the magnets (72) between the coils (71), electricity is generated and stored in the battery. Obviously, at the beginning of the Sterling cycle, the need for an initial start by the same generator as an Inner Brushless motor is possible. Semi-hot and semi-cold water pipes are made with a slight change in temperature at the (68) and (67) outlets. A suitable pump is needed to transfer cold and hot water through the tanks. In these (29) and (30) pumps, the linear movement method of the piston with the required number and time interval is used in order to have the best control over the fluid flow with the least depreciation. When the current reaches the coil (76), the metal piston (78), which is sealed by the ring (79), overcomes the spring force (77) and moves towards the coil (76), causing water to be sucked into the cylinder. In return, the valve (80), which was fixed in place by the spring force (81), opens by rotating around the hinge (82) and the water is directed to the flow path. The two sensors of (74) and (75) transmit temperature information to the processor and the conduction speed is determined in the processor.

The energy consumption method is based on the location of the person in place by a sensor (85) mounted on the base (84) of the bed (83) or a chair that transmits its information to the central receiver via Bluetooth. By the person’s placement on the bed (83), the base (94) is pressed upwards and the appendage (93) is pressed and by overcoming the spring force (89), the micro switch (91) is pressed sending a radio signal announcing that the person is placed on the bed. With weight loss when the load is reduced, the opposite happens and when the micro switch (92) is pressed, the previous position will be in the central controller. The connection of this device to the base of the bed (83) is done by screws (86) and the pressure level can be adjusted by screws (88). A rechargeable battery (87) is used to supply the required power that can be recharged by the connector (97). Module (90) contains an IC code number (95) that may be a pt2240 type or a similar piece. This code can be changed by the resistor (98) and its special module (96) can be used to send information from a standard Bluetooth frequency.

The receiver and CPU include the data input connectors (102), the information display (103), the Bluetooth receiver module programming keyboard (105), the CPU (101), the operational amplifiers (100) and the output connectors (99) which are matrix commanded by Solenoid valves and lighting systems and provide the least energy consumption.

The compressor (33), which supplies its required energy directly from the increase of the air volume, rotates the shaft (121) by the hot air entrance to neo-motor, and the rotation of the shaft causes the diagonal plate (107) to rotate which will lead to pistons (109) movements in the direction of the axis. The pistons are sealed to the cylinder (111) by rings (110) to prevent unwanted gas leakage. In order to lead the gas correctly, the gas inlet valve to the cylinder (112) and the outlet valve (108) are considered. Compressor (106) is selected from a type of piston to create the required density. Due to the need for hot air solar coil (3) to inject cold air with a smaller volume, a vane compressor is considered for this purpose, which provides cold air by sucking the air through the filter (118) by the vane (119) of the rotating rotor (117) and through transferring the vane in rotation to the coil (3). To match the amount of air injected and the neo-engine inlet, a planetary gearbox consisting of a solar gear (114) attached to the engine shaft and planetary gears (115) that are fixed in their place and a ring gear (116) attached to the compressor shaft are used.

Advantage effects of invention

Focusing on the individual rather than the environment reduces energy consumption

Minimizes the need for ancillary energy by using multiple renewable energy sources

The type of indirect light received from outside and inside the building has eliminated the need for artificial lighting during the day.

Storing heat and cold in water makes it easy to exchange and access each.

: It is 100 times smaller than the vertical section of the building to show the location of the facility on each floor.

: This plan, which is 150 times smaller than the original size, has walls, windows, and rooms on the same floor at the top right and at the top left at the top. The lower sections of the exterior map and the side section are compared side by side.

: In the upper part, it shows the heating installations in the floor and their meshing in each room, and in the lower part, it shows the refrigeration installations in the ceiling in the scale of 1.125.

: Displays several two-dimensional views of the building for a better understanding of the spaces. These images have no scale.

: In the drawn map, the turbines and coils inside the roof are shown from two views, installed and not installed next to each other in a building with a scale 150 times smaller.

: Shows turbines and power generation facilities from the top view and the side view at the bottom of the map with a scale of 1.100.

: The details of the Sterling engine used show how it is positioned 25 times smaller than the actual size.

: This drawing with 10x magnification is used to show the details of the controllable water pump.

: A schematic bed and the location of the weight sensor with Bluetooth connection to the actual size can be seen in this map.

: The schematic shows the electronic board of the Bluetooth sensor

: Indicates the proposed circuit of the CPU. It has no scale due to the lack of a printed circuit board.

: The heat transfer compressor and the power supply motor are shown on a scale of 1.5.

: 1. a convex double-layer glass roof 2. the solar water coil 3. solar air coil 4. the roof 5. electrical energy 9. light column 11. the tank 12. the tank 13. the room floor 14. the tank 15- 16. pipes 19. fans 20. cooling coils 27. the Dropped ceiling 28. heat coils 29. hall pump 30. electric pumps 31. Radiators 32. Sterling 33. The compressor 34. Battery 35. compression evaporator 37. water tank 38. The Nano-insulation layer 39. Hot water tank 40. the tank

: 41. the ground level 42. behind the entrance 43. the stairs 44. the kitchen 45. Bedrooms 46. the kitchen 47. hollow column 48. the ceiling 49. the staircase50. The corridor space 51. the children's bedroom 52. the transparent layer

: 19. fans 20. cooling coils 28. heat coils

: 2. the solar water coil 3. the solar air coil 5. electrical energy

: 5. electrical energy 53. permanent magnets 54. the coils 55. the base 56. Screws 57. vertical ball bearings 58. the base 59. Bolts 60. Horizontal ball bearings 61. the holder

: 15-16. the pipes 62. Heating 63. the heat transfer heating 64. the Sterling cylinder 65. Piston 66. connecting rod 67-68. Outlets 69. Rings 70. the piston 71. the coils 72. the permanent magnets

: 11. the tank 12. the tank 74-75. two sensors 76. the coil 77. the spring force 78. the metal piston 79. the ring 80. the valve 81. spring force 82. the hinge

: 83. the bed 84. the base 85. Sensor 86. Screws 87. A rechargeable battery 88. Screws 89. spring force 90. Module 91. micro switch 92. micro switch 93. the appendage 94. base

: 95. an IC code number 96. special module 97. the connector 98. the resistor

: 99. output connectors 100. the operational amplifiers 101. the CPU 102. data input connectors 103. the information displays 105. the Bluetooth receiver module programming keyboard.

: 106. Compressor 107.the diagonal plate 108. the outlet valve 109. pistons 110. rings111. the cylinder 112. the cylinder 113. the coil 114. a solar gear 115. planetary gears 116. a ring gear 117. the rotating rotor 118. the filter 119.the vane 121. the shaft

Examples

To apply this invention, different parts of metal coils and related pipes in the workshop are made of metal pipes. Metal parts and columns are made by joining and rolling sheets together and in different thicknesses, and the roof may be made by joining glass to each other or integrally with transparent resins. Pumps and motors are used in other industries and can be used with a few modifications to this structure. The turbine is produced by sheet metal or plastic molding. Coils and magnets can be produced in electromotor repair shops. Finally, the assembly will take place at the place of use.

In the building installation industry, fungal structures of small and medium size or any building with a round cross-section that can be placed in the direction of wind or sunlight can use this method.

Claims

Solar and wind energy absorbing and converting devices in the form of a transparent hemispherical roof with a revolving perimeter that has been equipped with the turbine blades, which have the ability to convert the kinetic energy of wind to other forms of energy, and the indirect transmission of sunlight from the center to the entire building. The above-mentioned invention consists of the following main parts:
Transparent double-layer roof, which has a bigger diameter than the underlying building structure and it has sunlight absorption coils inside itself and a turbine with a perpendicular axis that can absorb wind forces found along the perimeter of the roof.

Mechanical energy converters resulting from turbine rotation to electrical energy.

Cold and hot water storage tanks, which can be placed under the structure in order to save energy.

The energy converter converts the produced air pressure energy in the solar air coil to the heat energy carrier between the two energy storage fluids

Sterling pump, electricity generator and hot water transferor from solar water coil to hot water tank.

Heat/refrigeration exchangers that can be installed on the floor and ceiling can control each block independently

Hot or cold water pumps from the tank to the room converters with the ability to control the fluid flow linearly and the ability to send inlet and return water temperature information to the processor

Insulation pipes and conductors of water fluids and the related connections

Electric energy storage system, processors, controllers and electrical connections

Electronic system for reporting the location of a person by standard Bluetooth frequency
According to Claim No. 1, the absorption of wind and solar forces in the circular roof is conducted by the hybrid method. In the device and the method of absorbing solar force and converting it to heat, to increase the water temperature, absorbent and heat-conducting pipes have been used as a screw between the two layers of glass.
According to claim No. 2, the heat absorption device and method and its transfer to the compressible fluid in a spiral coil are conducted to increase the volume.
According to claim No. 2, two independent coils in a transparent hemispherical roof have been used to absorb sunlight.
According to claim No.2, the wind force absorbing device and method is conducted by the installed blades in the roof environment of the building with the round cross-section
According to Claim No.1, by the use of a Bluetooth wireless sensor connected to the bed or chair and the weight force, the location of the person will be reported to the processor. The method of using a weight-sensitive wireless sensor is to determine the location of the person to adjust the energy conversion location.
According to claim No.1, the method of converting the energy resulting from the expansion of the compressible fluid into the rotational motion required in the compression chiller compressor, and consequently, the heat transfer between the two fluids is possible by continuous fluid injection into the heat absorption coil.
According to claim No. 7, the device and method of heat transfer between two water tanks in the reverse direction - from cold tank to hot tank – is conducted by a compression chiller that has supplied its power from the neo engine by compensatory air injection.
According to claim No.1, the method of transferring water fluid between the heat storage tank and the heat absorption coil by the modified Sterling motor with the ability to generate electricity.
According to Claim No.9, transferring liquids device and method with different temperatures between the coil and the tank doesn't need to receive external energy during operation and it has the ability to generate energy by the use of a gamma-type sterling motor coupled to a generator / brushless motor.
According to Claim No.1, the method of controlling the flow rate of fluid passing through a wide range is conducted by a set of independent linear pistons and controlling time/ number.
According to Claim No.11, the device and method of fluid transfer pump are conducted by a set of independent linear pumps in a single path with the possibility of measuring the temperature of the flow and return fluid.