RU2636018C2 - Heating and hot water supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating system.

SUBSTANCE: system of heating and hot water supply of premises, including compression heat pump of ground-water type, internal circuit of heat pump with high-temperature coolant, external circuit of heat pump with heat exchanger with low-temperature coolant, as well as solar collector, hot water tank, heat flow control unit systems, liquid pumps for pumping coolants and hot water, while in the ground in the immediate vicinity of external circuit heat exchanger permanent rechargeable battery of thermal energy is located, associated with the external circuit of heat pump and the solar collector by pipelines.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of an autonomous heating and hot water supply system of premises with a compression-type heat pump operating under the ground-water scheme, due to a more complete recovery of ground thermal potential in the zone of location of the external circuit of heat pump.

11 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heating systems with heat pumps using the heat of low-temperature sources of natural or artificial origin to produce water suitable for autonomous heating and hot water supply in residential buildings, industrial buildings, as well as housing and public utilities enterprises.

As you know, in the middle lane, the soil at a depth of 5-30 m has a temperature of the order of + 5 ° C, which changes very little throughout the year. In more southern areas, this temperature can reach + 10 ° C and higher. However, the constant extraction of heat from the ground by the primary circuit of the heat pump significantly reduces the temperature of the soil around the primary circuit heat exchanger. This leads to a deterioration in the performance of the heat pump during its long-term operation, and the period of stabilization of the soil temperature at the required level can take several years, during which the conditions for heat extraction will deteriorate, and, therefore, the energy efficiency of the heat pump and the heating and hot water supply system will decrease generally.

In this regard, work is ongoing to improve the energy efficiency of the heating system and hot water supply, for example, due to the rational design of the primary circuit of the heat pump and the conditions for its placement in the ground, or by improving the pump control system, or by looking for ways to restore the heat balance in the placement zone primary circuit of the heat pump.

Known heating system of premises (patent RU No. 2111114) [1]. The room heating system includes central heating pipelines, additionally contains a heat pump, and it is installed with the ability to connect both to the main pipeline with heated water and to the main pipeline with cold water, depending on the time of year. In the closed circuit of the heat pump, two air heat exchangers with fans are installed both for cooling the indoor air in the summer and for taking heat from the outside air during the demi-season. This heating system cannot be used for autonomous heating of most of the private sector homes and summer cottage construction, as system efficiency is achieved by partial use of thermal energy of the main pipeline.

Also known is a heating system for a residential building (patent RU No. 2412401) [2]. The invention relates to the field of heat engineering and can be used for autonomous heating of buildings for individual use - cottages, detached houses. The system contains a pool located in the basement of the house, in which there is a water-ice-water system, a heat pump located with the possibility of cooling the air in the air layer located above the upper layer of water, and heating the air in a heated room. In addition, the system includes a water pump installed with the possibility of pumping water from the lower layer to the upper layer, and a fan installed with the possibility of pumping air through an exhaust pipe from the specified air layer into the atmosphere outside the house, while the specified air layer is additionally connected with the atmosphere. The possible effectiveness of the heating system is crossed out by the fact that under the apartment building there is a water pool, which is unacceptable in terms of comfort and sanitary standards.

A heating system is also known (patent RU No. 2382281) [3], where a combination of a water-water type heat transfer system is used; ground water; air-air and solar energy to restore the heat balance of the soil in the heat exchanger zone. The combined use of various coolants expands the capabilities of the heating system, however, the amount of coolant in the soil-water system is very limited, which will not allow to restore the thermal potential of the soil over the summer period.

Also known is a combined heat supply system (patent RU No. 85989) [4], which contains a solar and heat pump water heater with circulating coolant circuits equipped with automatic controls and closed to a common heat storage tank, which is combined with a heater and connected to the heating system circuit and hot water supply, while the circuit of one of the water heating plants is connected to the heat storage tank, and the circuit of the heat pump installation is connected to the source circuit Earth’s thermal energy. In addition, the circuit of the solar water heating system is connected through the heat exchanger to the circuit of the heat pump installation and the circuit of the Earth’s heat energy source, and the circuit of the heat pump installation is additionally equipped with a hydrobuffer tank for mixing the low-temperature coolant coming from the circuit of the solar water heating plant and / or the circuit of the Earth’s thermal energy source. The disadvantage of the system is that the small volume of the low-temperature coolant heat exchangers in the wells and the low thermal conductivity of the soil does not allow to restore the thermal potential of the surrounding soil over the summer period.

A heating system is also known, including two heat exchangers in the ground with the possibility of separately connecting them to a heat pump (patent RU No. 140455) [5]. The presence of two heat exchangers in the soil increases the transfer of thermal energy to the input of the heat pump, but with the alternate operation of the heat exchangers, the thermal energy will not be enough for the normal operation of the heating system. Over time, it will be necessary to restore the thermal potential of the soil, which is not provided for in the proposed system.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is a system of autonomous heat supply to consumers based on installations using low-potential geothermal sources (patent RU No. 2350847) [6]. The system includes a ground-water compression heat pump, an internal circuit of a heat pump with a high temperature coolant, an external circuit of a heat pump with a heat exchanger with a low temperature coolant, as well as a solar collector, a tank for hot water supply, a system for controlling heat fluxes of the system, liquid pumps for pumping coolants and hot water supply.

An increase in the efficiency of the heat supply system here is achieved through the use of solar energy to heat the coolant in the low-potential coolant circulation circuit during the heating period, at low solar radiation intensity, and to restore the temperature regime of the wells during the heating season with the simultaneous generation of heat for hot water supply using solar collectors and using the potential of chilled wells to cool rooms, as well as ensuring system independence heating from a centralized power supply system.

The disadvantage of this system is the inability to completely restore the thermal potential of the surrounding soil during the summer period due to the small volume of the low-temperature coolant heat exchangers in the wells.

The objective of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of an autonomous heating system and hot water supply to rooms with a compression type heat pump operating on the ground-water scheme, due to a more complete restoration of the thermal potential of the soil in the area of the external circuit of the heat pump.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the heating and hot water supply system includes a soil-water compression heat pump, an internal heat pump circuit with a high-temperature coolant, an external heat pump circuit with a heat exchanger with a low-temperature coolant, as well as a solar collector, a tank for hot water supply, heat flow control system, liquid pumps for pumping coolants and hot water, and in the ground in the immediate vicinity from the heat exchanger of the external circuit there is a permanent battery of thermal energy connected by pipelines to the external circuit of the heat pump and to the solar collector.

Moreover, the heat energy accumulator can be made, in one case, in the form of a single or composite polymer flat tank with a height of 50-100 mm and located in the ground on top of the external circuit heat exchanger at a distance of 100-150 mm, and the heat exchanger itself is a system of horizontally connected pipelines , and the dimensions of the thermal energy accumulator in the transverse and longitudinal directions are equal to the corresponding dimensions of the external circuit heat exchanger.

In the second case, the thermal energy accumulator can be made in the form of a composite polymer cylindrical tank with a diameter of 750-800 mm and a total height of at least 9500 mm and located in the central part of a vertical well located in the ground with a diameter of 900-1000 mm and a depth of at least 10,000 mm and in the gap between the walls of the well and the thermal energy accumulator there is an external circuit heat exchanger, which is a polymer pipe 50-75 mm in diameter in contact with the inner wall of the well, rolled up to the entire depth along a helical line inu well. Moreover, the vertical well can be made of composite concrete rings, and the thermal energy accumulator in the form of a polymer composite cylindrical tank can be mounted on a rigid metal frame to relieve pressure on the lower parts of the composite tanks from the above located parts.

To improve heat exchange with the ground and to prevent damage to the external circuit heat exchanger and the heat energy accumulator, in the first case, a soil layer with a thickness of at least 100 mm can be placed between the heat exchanger tubes and the heat energy accumulator, and the heat energy accumulator can be protected from above with concrete slabs and sprinkled soil to the level of the surrounding earth, and in the second case, to prevent leakage of thermal energy from the zone of the external heat exchanger, the concrete well from above can be covered with a lid, etc. strewn with soil to the level of the surrounding earth.

The heating and hot water supply system also has liquid pumps for pumping coolants and hot water, a heat pump compressor and a heat flow control unit that can operate both from the central mains and from an electric battery, and the electric battery can be charged from alternative sources of electricity through the adapter.

As alternative sources of electricity in the system, solar panels, a wind generator and multilayer film thermocouples can be used. A solar collector with a flat absorber can be used in the system, with multilayer film thermocouples placed on its reverse side in the insulation zone.

The heat flow control unit of the system may include programmable logic controllers.

The technical result provided by the combination of the above features is to increase the efficiency of the autonomous heating system and hot water supply.

The content of the claimed invention is illustrated by the following figures: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general view of a heating system and hot water supply with a horizontal external circuit heat exchanger; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a general view of a heating system and hot water supply with a vertical external circuit heat exchanger; FIG. 3 is a fragment of a horizontal heat exchanger of an external circuit with a thermal energy accumulator; FIG. 4 is a fragment of a view of a vertical (in a well) external circuit heat exchanger with a thermal energy accumulator.

The heating system and hot water supply includes (Fig. 1 and 2) a heat pump 1 of the compression type, operating according to the soil-water scheme; heat exchanger 2 of the external circuit of the heat pump with a low temperature coolant; heat exchanger 3 or 22 of the heating and hot water supply circuit with a high-temperature coolant, tank 4 for hot water supply; solar collector 5; control unit 6 heat flow system; a heat energy accumulator 7 or 23, placed in the ground in the area of the heat exchanger 2 of the external circuit of the heat pump and connected to the external circuit of the heat pump 1 and to the solar collector 5 by pipelines 8 and 27; liquid pumps 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the heating system and hot water supply; electric battery 13; adapter 14; film thermocouples 15; solar panels 16; wind generator 17. The electric battery 13 is connected by electric wires 18 with film thermocouples 15, solar panels 16 and wind generator 17, as well as with the central power grid.

In the heating system and hot water supply can be used soil heat exchanger external circuit horizontal type (Fig. 1 and 3). The horizontal heat exchanger 2 (Fig. 3) of the external circuit is a polymer pipe 19 forming loops laid in the ground and sprinkled with a layer of soil 100-150 mm thick. Above above the horizontal heat exchanger 2 is a thermal energy accumulator 7, which is a single or composite flat polymer tank with a height of 50-100 mm. To prevent mechanical damage and leakage of thermal energy, the thermal energy accumulator 7 is covered from above with concrete slabs 20 and sprinkled with soil to the level of the surrounding earth. Concrete slabs 20 are supported by concrete supports 21 fixed in the ground.

In a heating system and hot water supply, a vertical-type soil heat exchanger of an external circuit can also be used (Figs. 2 and 4). The vertical heat exchanger 22 of the external circuit (Fig. 4) is located in the vertical well 24 and is a polymer pipe 25 with a diameter of 50-75 mm adjacent to the inner wall of the well and rolled along a helical line to the entire depth of the well. The vertical well 24 is immersed in the ground and arranged from composite concrete rings with a diameter of 900-1000 mm and a total height of at least 10,000 mm. In the central part of the well, a thermal energy accumulator 23 is installed in the form of a polymer composite cylindrical container with a diameter of 750-800 mm and a total height of at least 9500 mm. The thermal energy accumulator 23 is mounted on a rigid metal frame in the form of brackets 26 for each tank, except for the bottom, to relieve pressure on the lower parts of the composite tank from the above located parts. To prevent leakage of thermal energy from the zone of the external heat exchanger, the concrete well 24 is closed from above with a lid and sprinkled with soil to the level of the surrounding earth.

As a solar collector 5 (Figs. 1 and 2), a flat solar collector of the Solar type, most suitable for the parameters of this system, can be used. To convert the thermal energy of the solar collector 5 into electrical energy, multilayer film thermocouples can be used, for example, made according to patent RU No. 2131156 [7]. Multilayer film thermocouples (not shown in the figure) can be attached to the surface of the flat absorber of the solar collector 5 using a foil plate, or the foil plate can be a substrate on which multilayer film thermocouples are made by the method of deposition of thin thermocouple films [8].

The heating system and hot water works as follows. The heat exchanger 2 of the external circuit of the heat pump 1, the heat energy accumulator and the solar collector 5 are connected into a single circuit, through which, using the liquid pumps 9 and 12, the low-temperature coolant (antifreeze) is circulated. The low-temperature coolant transfers energy to the internal circuit of the heat pump (not shown), to the refrigerant (freon), which through the condenser (not shown) heats the high-temperature coolant (water), which is supplied to the heat exchanger 3 (batteries) heating) using a liquid pump 10 and into a tank 4 for hot water supply using a liquid pump 11.

The operation of the liquid pumps 10 and 11 is controlled by programmable logic controllers (not shown) that are part of the control unit 6 (Fig. 1 and 2) by the system heat flows according to signals from sensors (not shown) installed in the heating and hot water supply circuits . The programmable logic controller also controls the operation of the heat pump 9 for supplying a low-temperature coolant from the external circuit heat exchanger to the heat pump 1. Using programmable logic controllers allows you to more accurately control the temperature of the coolant in the system elements, providing comfort in the premises of the heat consumer.

Hot water is provided year-round due to the continuous operation of the heat pump. Control over the flow, flow rate and temperature of hot water in the tank 4 (Fig. 1 and 2) of hot water is carried out using appropriate sensors (not shown) installed in the tank 4 and on the associated pipelines (not shown).

Heating is turned on in cold weather by supplying a hot coolant to the heat exchanger 3 with the required flow rate by a signal from air temperature sensors (not shown) in heated rooms. To increase comfort, temperature sensors for changing the temperature of the coolant and ambient air in the room (not shown) can also be installed in the places where temperature sensors are installed. Logic controllers (not shown) of control unit 6 make it possible to take into account the inertia of changes in the parameters of heat fluxes in the system, providing the necessary comfort and energy saving for heating and hot water supply.

In sunny weather, when the temperature of the coolant in the solar collector 5 becomes higher than the temperature of the coolant in the thermal energy accumulator, the liquid pump 12 is turned on, and most of the coolant heated in the solar collector 5 enters the thermal energy accumulator. The inclusion of the liquid pump 12 is carried out using a programmable logic controller (not shown), which is part of the control unit 6 (Fig. 1), by a signal from the temperature sensors of the coolant (not shown) located on pipelines coming from the solar collector 5 and from the battery thermal energy 7 or 23. Due to the significant amount of hot coolant in the thermal energy accumulator, the soil is heated by heat exchange through the walls of the battery and the restoration of energy sweat Soil potential in the area of the external circuit heat exchanger.

In the case when the heat exchanger of the external circuit 19 (Fig. 1 and 3) is made in the form of a system of horizontally located interconnected pipelines, a flat battery of thermal energy 7 is placed in the soil at a distance of 100-150 mm above the heat exchanger of the external circuit 19, and the soil is heated in the entire area near the external circuit heat exchanger due to the fact that the dimensions of the thermal energy accumulator in the transverse and longitudinal directions are equal to the corresponding dimensions of the external circuit heat exchanger.

If a vertical well 24 is used to accommodate the external circuit of the heat pump (Fig. 2 and 4), then the heat exchanger of the external circuit 22 is a polymer pipe rolled along a helical line to the entire depth of the well, and a heat accumulator is placed in the central part of the well energy 23 in the form of a cylindrical polymer tank. Heat is transferred over the entire height of the well from the thermal energy accumulator through the walls of the well to the soil around the well and the energy potential of the soil is restored.

Liquid pumps 9, 10, 11 and 12, the heat pump compressor 1 (not shown) and the heat flux control unit 6 can operate both from the central mains and from the electric battery 13 (Fig. 1 and 2), charged through the adapter 14 from alternative sources of electricity, for example from film thermocouples 15, solar panels 16 and a wind generator 17. The use of continuously working solar panels, a wind generator and multilayer film thermocouples as alternative sources of energy increases the autonomy of the system we.

Thus, an increase in the energy efficiency of the heating system and hot water supply is provided for various options for the design of the external circuit of the heat pump, both with vertical and horizontal ground heat exchangers. Compared with analogs, the proposed system also positively differs by the convenience of access to system elements during maintenance and repair.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2121114 for the invention "System of space heating" from 10.27.1998

2. Patent RU No. 2412401 for the invention "The heating system of a residential building" from 02.20.2011

3. Patent RU No. 2382281 for the invention "System of Autonomous Heat and Cold Supply of Buildings and Structures" dated 02.20.2010

4. Patent RU No. 85989 for utility model “Combined heat supply system” from 08.20.2009

5. Patent RU No. 140455 for utility model “System of Autonomous Heating of Premises” dated 10.22.2013.

6. Patent RU No. 2350847 for the invention “Autonomous heat supply system for consumers based on installations using low-potential geothermal sources and renewable energy sources” dated 03/27/2009

7. Patent RU No. 2111156 for the invention "Thermoelectric Converter" dated 05/27/1999

8. Jerichin A.N. Laser spraying of thin films. Results of science and technology. Series: Modern Problems of Laser Physics. M .: VINITI, 1990, 107 pp.

Claims (11)

1. The heating system and hot water supply of the premises, including a ground-water compression heat pump, an internal heat pump circuit with a high-temperature coolant, an external heat pump circuit with a heat exchanger with a low-temperature coolant, as well as a solar collector, a tank for hot water supply, a heat flow control unit systems, liquid pumps for pumping coolants and hot water, characterized in that in the ground in the immediate vicinity of the heat exchange On the external circuit, there is a permanently operating thermal energy accumulator connected by pipelines to the external circuit of the heat pump and to the solar collector. 2. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat energy accumulator is made in the form of a single or composite polymer flat tank with a height of 50-100 mm and is located in the ground on top of the external circuit heat exchanger at a distance of 100-150 mm from it, and the external circuit heat exchanger is a system of horizontal pipelines located in the ground, and the dimensions of the thermal energy accumulator in the transverse and longitudinal directions are equal to the corresponding dimensions of the external circuit heat exchanger. 3. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal energy accumulator is made in the form of a composite polymer cylindrical tank with a diameter of 750-800 mm and a total height of at least 9500 mm and is located in the central part of a vertical well with a diameter of 900 in the ground -1000 mm and a depth of at least 10,000 mm, and in the gap between the walls of the well and the thermal energy accumulator there is an external circuit heat exchanger, which is a polymer pipe in diameter 50-75 in contact with the inner wall of the well mm, rolled along a helix to the entire depth of the well. 4. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that the vertical well is made of composite concrete rings, and the heat energy accumulator in the form of a polymer composite cylindrical tank is mounted on a rigid metal frame to relieve pressure on the lower parts of the composite tank from the above parts. 5. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, to improve heat exchange with the ground and to prevent damage to the external circuit heat exchanger and the heat energy accumulator, a soil layer with a thickness of at least 100 mm is placed between the heat exchanger tubes and the heat energy accumulator, and the thermal energy accumulator is protected from above by concrete slabs and sprinkled with soil to the level of the surrounding earth. 6. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that, in order to prevent leakage of thermal energy from the external heat exchanger zone, the concrete well is covered with a lid on top and sprinkled with soil to the level of the surrounding earth. 7. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid pumps for pumping heat carriers and hot water supply, as well as the heat pump compressor and the heat flow control unit, operate both from the main power supply and from the electric battery. 8. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that the electric battery is charged from alternative sources of electricity through the adapter. 9. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that solar batteries, a wind generator, and multilayer film thermocouples are used as alternative sources of electricity. 10. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that a solar collector with a flat absorber is used, and multilayer film thermocouples are placed on the reverse side of it in the insulation zone. 11. The heating and hot water supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat flow control unit of the system includes programmable logic controllers.

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