CN1038622C - Fire-alarm system for the early detection of fires - Google Patents
Fire-alarm system for the early detection of fires Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1038622C CN1038622C CN94119552A CN94119552A CN1038622C CN 1038622 C CN1038622 C CN 1038622C CN 94119552 A CN94119552 A CN 94119552A CN 94119552 A CN94119552 A CN 94119552A CN 1038622 C CN1038622 C CN 1038622C
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- signal
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- alarm system
- fire alarm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
Abstract
The system for the detection of fires contains at least one linear smoke sensor, an optical stray-light sensor or a flame sensor and a signal-processing stage (3) for the signals produced in the at least one sensor. The signal-processing stage (3) contains an evaluation circuit and a fuzzy logic (5) and means (4) for temporal analysis of the signals for the assessment of signal parameters. The signal parameters form linguistic variables of the fuzzy logic (5) which contains a knowledge base (information base) with data for typical fire and spurious-alarm events and with values, assigned to these data, of the signal parameters or combinations of these.
Description
The present invention relates to the condition of a fire is carried out the fire alarm system of early detection, comprise at least one linear smoke detector, a light scattering detector or a flame detector, and comprise that the signal Processing level that is used for the signal that produces at least one detecting device, this signal Processing level comprise one and estimate circuit and a fuzzy logic system.
In the described fire alarm system of EP-A-0419868, telltale is integrated by one or more fire detector of not describing in detail institute, and except detection information, also obtains determining and collecting such as the environmental information of temperature, time or depth of building.All these information are integrated by fuzzy logic system subsequently.Thereby in this known the setting, except fire detector, also adopted other a plurality of detecting devices, start from the clear and definite information of dissimilar detection signals realizing.
Because these other detecting device makes device become more expensive, people attempt to reduce the number of these detecting devices, but this is opposite with the purpose of the error of being avoided the information that detects with the acquisition high precision.On the other hand, if consider that wherein have only one type detecting device is the situation of fire detector, then signal analysis device include only its integrating device and day/night discriminating device, thereby in fact the possibility of the false alarm that is caused by fault is not reduced.
Linear smoke detector, for example the A2400 type detecting device that is provided by Cerbers AG comprises the transmitter and collection of launching the modulated infrared light bundle and the receiver of estimating the infrared radiation of input.This detecting device has for example at least 3 meters long measuring route; The cigarette that enters light beam is decayed infrared radiation.
Flame detector, for example the S2406 type infrared detector that is provided by Cetberms AG comprises two pyroelectric detectors, and these detecting devices also can detect the condition of a fire in bigger distance (for example greater than 20 meters) to certain wavelengths is sensitive.
Linear smoke detector is sensitive to the various interference that can be divided into two classes substantially.One class comprises environmental interference, the fluctuation of air refraction or the cohesion of water droplet on the optical system of detecting device when atmospheric humidity is higher when raising such as temperature, or because the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of wireless telephone or the like.Another kind of interference is such as the beam broken that is produced that moves owing to people, object or machine or the wall of support detecting device.
If light beam is by such as jacking gear or people or because the detecting device that water covered and part is interrupted, then detection signal will be understood that the condition of a fire.Strong electromagnetic and have eddy current under the situation that serious airflow mixes at device also often is understood that the condition of a fire.These interference can not suppress with known devices, even it is also not all right to be used in the device of the type described in the EP-A-0419668.
Initiatively do not launch light beam and after receiving, it is analyzed but check the flame detector (this incident radiation also can be formed by indirec radiation) of incident radiation, all insensitive to disturbing in conjunction with the described great majority of linear smoke detector, and at most only respond interference emission.
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of fire alarm system, wherein detect for disturbing, thereby false alarm reduced as much as possible, and wherein interference source also as far as possible automatically obtains differentiating.
According to the present invention, this purpose is to realize so approximately, and promptly the signal Processing level comprises and is used for signal is carried out time series analysis estimating the device of at least two signal parameters, and these signal parameters have formed the linguistic variable of fuzzy logic system.
Therefore, in fire alarm system according to the present invention, only adopted a kind of detecting device that a detection signal is provided.Because described signal does not respond all interference usually for various parameters-these parameters and do not obtained analysis, therefore obtained simple and the cheap device of cost is used for distinguishing between fault and emergency condition.
According to first most preferred embodiment of system of the present invention, it is characterized in that signal parameter is formed by Signal gradient and signal noise.
According to second most preferred embodiment of device of the present invention, it is characterized in that signal parameter is to be formed by signal asymmetry and unexpected signal change.
Practical study shows, various signal parameters, such as Signal gradient, signal noise, signal asymmetry and unexpected signal change, very strong to the response of various interference on the one hand, and very strong for the response of various types of condition of a fire on the other hand, thereby can be from the conclusion in conjunction with obtaining and reliably of each parameter value about the safety of the reason of detection signal.The information that is obtained not only can be used to suppress false alarm, but also can be used to diagnose when going wrong, or is used for the sensitivity of detecting device is automatically adjusted.
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 has shown the circuit block diagram of the receiver of linear smoke detector;
Fig. 2 a-2d has shown the fuzzy data group of signal parameter;
Fig. 3 has summarized the typical condition of a fire and interference.
As in foreword, describing, linear smoke detector comprise an emission modulation infrared beam transmitter and collect the infrared radiation of input and in an electronic circuit to its receiver of estimating.Simultaneously, transmitter and receiver can be provided with toward each other or abreast, and under latter event, reverberator is set at transmitter and receiver opposite.
As critical piece, receiver comprises an optical system 1, a photodiode 2 and comprises a signal Processing level 3 estimating 4 and fuzzy controllers 5 of level.In addition, signal Processing level 3 comprise one estimate that the amplifying signal of photodiode 2 of circuit-is wherein compared with a scalable alert threshold and one be used for because the adhering to or correcting circuit that the slow change of the signal of the reception that causes of wearing out of parts compensates of dust.This evaluation circuit and correcting circuit can be known from the linear smoke detector A2400 that Cerberns AG provides, thereby will not be described in detail here.The cigarette that enters infrared beam makes the infrared radiation decay, and causes corresponding receiving signal attenuation.When received signal one drops to certain value when following, receiver triggers an alarm signal.
Though in known linear smoke detector, the comparative result of received signal and alert threshold is only depended in the triggering of alarm, but in system according to the present invention, utilizes suitable fuzzy algorithm that alarm signal is tested, and alarm or obtain confirming, or be judged as false alarm.Therefore, carry out time series analysis to received signal, this analysis relates to the calculating to the combination of a plurality of signal parameters and these signal parameters, and the classification of in all cases they being carried out by fuzzy logic.
According to Fig. 1, the output signal of photodiode 2 is sent to estimates level 4, in estimating level 4, carries out smoothing processing on the one hand to received signal, on the other hand the various signal parameters or the signal properties that derive from received signal is estimated.Before smoothing processing, by using reference value I
0Remove corresponding signal change Δ I, make untreated received signal value obtain normalization.For level and smooth received signal, untreated value and signal ratio obtain check, and a constant is added on this signal or from this signal and deducts.
According to the present invention, signal parameter or signal properties are noise, gradient, sudden change and asymmetry.These parameters are as the part of the time series analysis of smooth signal and calculate by traffic filter and correlation function.Noise is determined by the value of being untreated more in succession, gradient is determined as the mean value that floats of a plurality of measurement points, asymmetry is determined according to the comparison between the value of being untreated and smooth signal and the value of being untreated and the noise, and is represented the sudden change of unexpected signal change to change sign then according to determining in the comparison with the smooth signal that is subjected on the interval of different length.
Gradient estimates by this way, and the gradient under the situation of promptly very low at slope or sudden change is little, and it is very high under long-time situation about rising.On function, this is logical corresponding to band.
Estimate the output signal of level 4, (they are signal and signal parameter after level and smooth) is admitted to now and estimates the circuit (not shown), and the signal after level and smooth is there compared with alert threshold, and if suitable, just produce a potential alarm signal; Perhaps, these output signals are admitted to fuzzy controller 5, there according to the combination of the value of signal parameter and utilize fuzzy logic, described potential alarm signal are tested.
According to the present invention, fuzzy controller 5 comprises three grades of ST1 to ST3.In first order ST1, carry out Fuzzy processing, this is to be the conversion of so-called fuzzy set by the clear and definite integer that obtains from various signal parameters to unsharp amount.At second level ST2, the rule application that will formulate during fuzzy controller in design and the third level, is carried out the reverse gelatinization and is handled on fuzzy set, calculates clear and definite output valve exactly.About the principle of fuzzy logic, can be referring to a large amount of lists of references of relevant this theme, the ＂ Fazzy SetTheory and its Applications of H.J.Zimmermann for example " book, Kinwer AcademicPublisher, 1991.
The Fuzzy processing of carrying out in the first order ST1 of fuzzy controller 5 is to be undertaken by the fuzzy set shown in Fig. 2 a to 2d.Fig. 2 a has shown the fuzzy set that is used for the signal parameter noise, and Fig. 2 b has shown the fuzzy set that is used for gradient, and Fig. 2 c has shown the fuzzy set that is used to suddenly change, and Fig. 2 d has shown the fuzzy set that is used for asymmetry.Owing under each situation, be the upper limit, so each situation all relates to normal fuzzy set for all shown fuzzy sets in the upper limit of the relevant function of vertical plot on X axis or relevant degree.Each signal parameter is the linguistic variable of fuzzy logic, and described linguistic variable can get the value of various numbers, and they are names of the fuzzy set shown in Fig. 2 a to 2d.
According to the present invention, (Fig. 2 a) can get in three values (basic, normal, high) one to the linguistic variable noise; Linguistic variable gradient (Fig. 2 b) also can be got in three values (basic, normal, high); Linguistic variable sudden change (Fig. 2 c) can be got in four values (very little, little, medium, big); And linguistic variable asymmetry (Fig. 2 d) can be got one in two values (low, height).
Fig. 3 has shown the knowledge base of the data formation that obtains in practice, and it comprises the linguistic variable of each signal parameter and comprises the typical combination of described value for some frequent condition of a fire and interference.The second level ST2-that typical the interference-they in most of the cases also enter fuzzy controller 5 (Fig. 1) comprises the water, people or the object that splash on optical system eddy current and the test light filter to the blocking wholly or in part of infrared beam, the high or very cohesion of steam on optical system in the arctic weather in atmospheric humidity, electromagnetic interference (EMI), eddy current-occur such as the place that strong localized heat convection current is arranged in factory and cogeneration plant etc.As known, the test light filter is used to have a mind to trigger alarm, as safeguarding or check part of work.Thereby information test light filter means or test light filter is inserted into, otherwise light beam by partial occlusion the time of lacking very much.
Fig. 3 has shown four kinds of condition of a fire with following signal parameter:
-have a condition of a fire of the eddy current that is attended by strong noise,
-have a quick condition of a fire of low noise and high gradient,
-do not have a condition of a fire that is attended by low noise eddy current and high gradient,
-be attended by low noise and low gradient and very little sudden change, the condition of a fire very slowly.
If the received signal after level and smooth does not reach alert threshold, then at level ST2 (Fig. 1), by knowledge base shown in Figure 3, investigation is the condition of a fire really to have occurred or only is an interference.In the case, the fuzzy rule that is adopted obtains formulism, thereby: if the condition of a fire has then appearred in one and signal＜alarm threshold values in described four conditions.
Described system not only is suitable for suppressing false alarm, but also is suitable for interference is differentiated.Even at present, linear smoke detector is also designed like this, and promptly some disturbs-the particularly interruption of infrared beam or the fault of transmitter, makes to the circuit interruption of the conductor end of receiver, has consequently simulated the interruption of conductor.If in the process of eliminating fault, on described end, do not find voltage, then check possible reason (receiver lid, beam broken, emitter failures, receiver fault are not installed) successively.
Under situation according to detecting device of the present invention, disturb to differentiate to expand to more situation, and they can also be by setting up the fuzzy rule that disturbs making things convenient for to such an extent that many modes be carried out, and this makes and might directly represent the source of disturbing.Its result, it is more easy and cheap that the elimination of fault becomes, and might eliminate the reason of the interference of frequent appearance.
Utilization is by the further possibility of the information of the device acquisition of fuzzy logic, be by for example when eddy current occurring, selecting higher alert threshold, the perhaps measure by introducing other-for example start the heating system that is used for relevant protecgulum when the steam cohesion takes place comes the sensitivity of detecting device is automatically adjusted.
If adopt light scattering detector or flame detector to replace linear smoke detector, then the structure of fuzzy controller has only change a little.Only need clear and definite some other fuzzy set and other fuzzy rule.Yet because the possible cause that disturbs under the situation of all three kinds of detecting devices is all very similar, thereby needed adjusting is in those skilled in the art person's the ken.
Claims (13)
1. be used for the condition of a fire is carried out the fire alarm system of early detection, comprise at least one linear smoke detector, a light scattering detector or a flame detector, and comprise the signal Processing level (3) that is used for producing signal at least one detecting device, this signal Processing utmost point comprises that one is estimated a circuit and a fuzzy logic system (5), it is characterized in that signal Processing level (3) comprises is used for above-mentioned signal is carried out time series analysis estimating the device (4) of at least two signal parameters, and this signal parameter is the linguistic variable of fuzzy logic system (5).
2. according to the fire alarm system of claim 1, it is characterized in that signal parameter is made up of Signal gradient and signal noise.
3. according to the fire alarm system of claim 2, it is characterized in that the estimation of Signal gradient logical corresponding with band on function because this gradient is for low slope or suddenly change low and for the rising of going up of long period.
4. according to the fire alarm system of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that signal parameter also comprises signal asymmetry and unexpected signal change.
5. according to the fire alarm system of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that fuzzy logic system (5) comprises a knowledge base, this knowledge base comprises the data that are used for the typical condition of a fire and false alarm incident and comprises signal parameter or the value combination of described signal parameter, relevant with described incident.
6. according to the fire alarm system of claim 5, it is estimated circuit and comprises a comparer that above-mentioned signal is compared with alert threshold, this comparer produces an alarm signal when not reaching described threshold value, it is characterized in that in fuzzy logic system (5), this alarm signal being checked, and only when corresponding signal parameter is also represented the condition of a fire this alarm signal just obtain confirming.
7. according to the fire alarm system of claim 6, the knowledge base that it is characterized in that fuzzy logic system (5) comprises one or more following signal parameter as the condition of condition of a fire incident:
-high signal noise,
-low signal noise and high Signal gradient,
-low signal noise and msp signal gradient,
-low signal noise and low signal gradient and very little unexpected signal change.
8. according to the fire alarm system of claim 7, it is characterized in that being used to check the fuzzy rule of alarm signal to be: if one of condition described in the claim 7 and signal＜alert threshold just have the condition of a fire.
9. fire alarm system according to Claim 8 is characterized in that being stored in the knowledge base of fuzzy logic system (5) about the data of the combination of typical fault incident and signal parameter, relevant with described incident value and described value.
10. according to the fire alarm system of claim 9, it is characterized in that the condition of a fire that alarm signal is returned according to the result of check gives classification or the interference of classification.
11., it is characterized in that each described classification is divided into a plurality of grades again according to the fire alarm system of claim 10.
12., it is characterized in that sign being arranged for each described classification setting according to the fire alarm system of claim 11.
13. according to the fire alarm system of claim 12, it is characterized in that if interference, then show its reason.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3793/93 | 1993-12-20 | ||
| CH03793/93A CH686914A5 (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1993-12-20 | Fire detection system for early detection of fires. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1127394A CN1127394A (en) | 1996-07-24 |
| CN1038622C true CN1038622C (en) | 1998-06-03 |
Family
ID=4263585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94119552A Expired - Fee Related CN1038622C (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | Fire-alarm system for the early detection of fires |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0660282B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07200961A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1038622C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE195386T1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH686914A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59409474D1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI111666B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO324427B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3184429B2 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 2001-07-09 | ホーチキ株式会社 | Terminal sensing device for disaster prevention monitoring system |
| DE10011411C2 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2003-08-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Imaging fire detector |
| US6879253B1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2005-04-12 | Siemens Building Technologies Ag | Method for the processing of a signal from an alarm and alarms with means for carrying out said method |
| DE10020380A1 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2001-10-31 | Bodenseewerk Geraetetech | Method and device for early detection of a possible overheating of an object |
| DE10066246A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2005-10-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Scattered light smoke |
| US8659415B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-02-25 | General Electric Company | Alarm management |
| CN103956018B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-05-11 | 杜玉龙 | A kind of improved building fire protection facility alarm signal analysis and processing method |
| CN107067683B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-01-09 | 湖南省湘电试研技术有限公司 | A kind of transmission line forest fire clusters quantitative forecast method and system |
| CN110111548A (en) * | 2019-04-14 | 2019-08-09 | 杭州拓深科技有限公司 | A kind of compensation optimizing method of fire protection warning equipment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1419668A1 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-05-19 | Swisscom Mobile AG | System and method for location update in mobile radio networks |
| EP1660282A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2006-05-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Shaving apparatus with a short-hair cutting device and a long-hair cutting device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990009012A1 (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1990-08-09 | Nohmi Bosai Kabushiki Kaisha | Fire alarm |
-
1993
- 1993-12-20 CH CH03793/93A patent/CH686914A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-12-12 AT AT94119614T patent/ATE195386T1/en active
- 1994-12-12 EP EP94119614A patent/EP0660282B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-12 DE DE59409474T patent/DE59409474D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-13 NO NO19944821A patent/NO324427B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-16 FI FI945934A patent/FI111666B/en active
- 1994-12-19 JP JP6315103A patent/JPH07200961A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-20 CN CN94119552A patent/CN1038622C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1419668A1 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-05-19 | Swisscom Mobile AG | System and method for location update in mobile radio networks |
| EP1660282A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2006-05-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Shaving apparatus with a short-hair cutting device and a long-hair cutting device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1127394A (en) | 1996-07-24 |
| FI111666B (en) | 2003-08-29 |
| EP0660282A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| DE59409474D1 (en) | 2000-09-14 |
| EP0660282B1 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
| NO324427B1 (en) | 2007-10-15 |
| JPH07200961A (en) | 1995-08-04 |
| NO944821L (en) | 1995-06-21 |
| FI945934A0 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
| NO944821D0 (en) | 1994-12-13 |
| FI945934A (en) | 1995-06-21 |
| ATE195386T1 (en) | 2000-08-15 |
| CH686914A5 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
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