CN1038541A - 电绝缘带 - Google Patents

电绝缘带 Download PDF

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CN1038541A
CN1038541A CN89103344A CN89103344A CN1038541A CN 1038541 A CN1038541 A CN 1038541A CN 89103344 A CN89103344 A CN 89103344A CN 89103344 A CN89103344 A CN 89103344A CN 1038541 A CN1038541 A CN 1038541A
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马丁·温伯格
雷恩·海尔芬得
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Abstract

公开了一种改进的有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜组分的电绝缘带。该薄膜有一无定形表面和一结晶表面。推荐方案中,提供了一种复合绝缘材料,它含有粘附有纤维玻璃丝层的薄膜组分。纤维玻璃丝是基本连续和不间断的,并且基本平行于带材的延伸轴向,并相互平行。

Description

本发明涉及部分或全部由聚酯膜制成的改性电绝缘材料。
聚酯树脂薄膜具有优良的介电特性,加之强度高,挠曲性好,使其极适用于电导体的绝缘,这在本技术领域是众所周知的。尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),由于其还具有制造成本低和易于挤成膜的优点,已成为一种工业上广泛采用的重要的电绝缘材料。认识到这种应用的早期专利之一是英国专利599,097(1948年4月1日)。从那时起,对PET膜用作电绝缘体的应用就已做了多种改进,一般是与其他材料共用。例如,1975年授予Herman的美国专利3,867,245,介绍了一种电绝缘带,它包括一浸有树脂的云母纸层、一PET层以及夹在层间的许多平整的玻璃丝;授予Torgerson的美国专利4,045,611介绍了PET纤维和PET膜的联合使用。授予Herbreteau的美国专利4,271,226介绍了把PET基绝缘材料应用于水下高压电缆,在这种应用中,将结晶度超过50%的PET带绷紧缠绕在电缆上,紧接着或者同时加热使带层更紧密,并使树脂的结晶度增加。
已在工业上广泛使用多年用于导线绝缘的一种产品是混合纤维玻璃丝和聚酯丝制成的纤维玻璃-聚酯混纺丝。这种绝缘丝由Owens/Corning等出售。目前,这种材料广泛地应用于导线绝缘,尽管它还有一些缺陷,但由于缺少既能避免这类缺陷,又能以有竞争性的价格提供等效电绝缘质量的竞争性产品,工业上只得使用这种材料。使用聚酯-纤维玻璃丝这种绝缘材料存在的问题包括将其缠绕到导线上的速率。将该绝缘丝绕到导线上的速率一般为每分钟约15英尺。当此绝缘丝在导线上绕一圈时只占约10密耳宽,以这样的速率在导线上缠绕是较慢的。另一个缺陷是绝缘丝会粘在导线上而不容易从上面解下来。实际上,如果要想拆下导线时,则必须将导线上的绝缘丝磨去。
根据本发明可提供一种片材或带材形式的改性聚酯基电绝缘膜,它的一个表面是无定形的,另一表面是结晶的。现已发现,使用这种具有不同表面特性的聚酯绝缘膜会产生许多实际效益,这可从下面的说明中看出来。
根据本发明的一项推荐的实施方案,提供了一种复合散热电绝缘带,它包括一上述聚酯膜层,膜上带有粘附于其结晶表面上的基本连续的纤维玻璃丝,此纤维玻璃丝纵向排列在带材上,基本上遮盖住全部聚酯膜层的结晶表面。
本技术领域已知的任何成膜的聚酯树脂均可用于制备本发明的绝缘材料。而以由二元酸与二元醇反应高度聚合的聚酯产物为好。从实际使用来看,则尤以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯树脂为好。这可由对苯二甲酸或其酯衍生物与二元醇按熟知的方法来制备。二元醇由下式表示:
HO(CH2)nOH
式中n是整数其值为1至20,以1至10为宜。此类聚酯及其制备方法的更详细说明,请参阅上述英国专利599,097,其中的全部说明在此引入作为参考。由于聚对苯二甲酸乙酯的制造成本较低,具有普遍的适用性和极满意的介电性及其它物理性能,所以是用于实施本发明的最优选的聚酯材料。
如上文所述,用于本发明聚酯膜的独特性质是薄膜的两个表面分别为无定形状态和结晶状态。使用这种材料所产生的实际效益在于,当同时施加压力和加热时,需要绝缘电线装置与无定形表面受压接触,此时发现,该无定形表面将粘附到任何与它接触的表面上。而使此无定形表面发生粘附的温度/压力条件对结晶状态表面则不起作用。因此,结晶状态表面既不软化,也不出现明显的物理变化。
应该注意,只有当同时加热和加压时,无定形状态表面才会发生粘附,这是很重要的。因此,在电线上使用此绝缘带时,如果加热一段或一条无定形表面而未加压,则不发生粘附,将保持其无定形状态。这样,在以后的操作中对此无定形面加热加压仍能很容易地使其粘附。
实施本发明时,可将带状或条状聚酯膜螺旋形缠绕在导电体上。此带材的螺旋缠绕可以程度不同的互相叠合,或紧挨着排列。此带材或条的厚度可按需要而定,例如为约0.00025至约0.025英寸。有关其中使用螺旋缠绕工艺及适用的设备的详细说明,请参考1976年12月14日授权的美国专利3,997,122。
在将带材缠绕在导体上期间或其后,可使用任何方法对其加压,但一般在简单缠绕过程中使带材有拉伸张力,即可达到加压的目的。结果是在足够压力条件下,加热将使带材的无定形表面发生粘附,很明显,可使用任何适宜的方法加热。被缠绕的电线通过加热器的速率一般是按在其中的停留时间足够完成粘附来确定的。
在希望或需要使绝缘材料持久粘附在导体上(因此而难于脱落)的应用中,所用聚酯带或条的无定形表面应向内,面向导体。随着对此结合体同时加热和加压,此无定形表面将牢固地粘附到导体上。
下面讨论另一种缠绕方法,在这种方法中,是将带材的结晶表面向内面向导体。由于使无定形表面粘附所必须的加热加压对结晶表面不起作用,所以在带材表面与导体表面之间不会熔结或粘附,因此该方法适合于制造易于剥离的绝缘导体。另外,如果带材重叠和在拉伸张力作用下进行缠绕,则在加热时,除带材未重叠的外表面之外,带材重叠部分存在的收缩压力将使重叠部分产生粘附。因此,重叠部分将粘附在一起,而暴露的外表面仍保持其无定形状态。这样,缠绕过的电线的外部表面仍易于受压力和加热的同时作用而发生粘附。这往往是有利的,例如,当希望将缠绕过的导体的外表面粘附到诸如支承构件或附加的保护层上时,无须使用任何粘合涂料。它还特别适用于将缠绕好的电线制成线圈的场合。这种线圈再受加热加压作用,使线圈排列的无定形表面熔结,整个线圈粘合在一起形成一个基本完整的整体。
按照本发明推荐的实施方案,将大致如上所述的聚酯膜与一基本连续的纤维玻璃丝层共用,提供一种复合电绝缘散热材料。以此根据该实施方案,提供一种带有由聚酯膜层和粘附在聚酯膜层表面的纤维玻璃丝组成的绝缘材料的电导体。重要之处在于纤维玻璃丝是丝状,而纤维玻璃丝以基本不重叠的形式分布,并且纵向基本平行于聚酯膜带的延伸轴向。所有这些丝的适用或可用直径为诸如3到10密耳。此纤维丝的直径尤以5密耳或更细为宜,这样可减小复合绝缘带的厚度。在此推荐的实施方案中,纤维玻璃丝基本上全都相互平行,并平行于带材的延伸轴向,在可能的情况下,丝线基本不偏离带材的延伸轴向。另外,在可能的情况下,每一纤维玻璃丝最好是基本连续而在带材的全长内基本不间断。
纤维玻璃丝与聚酯膜的重量比可根据复合绝缘材料的厚度及其用途在很大范围内变化。玻璃纤维与聚酯的有效比值范围为约3∶1至约15∶1。较好的比值是5∶1或更小。
可使用任何适宜的方法将纤维玻璃丝加于PET膜之上。较方便的是可用热固型或其它适用的粘合剂和或胶合剂先将纤维玻璃丝粘合到一大卷聚酯膜胶片的结晶面。粘合剂最好是一种可使纤维玻璃丝润湿并对最终产品无不良影响的物质。本技术领域已知的多种适宜的粘合剂材料包括:例如丙烯酸类粘合剂、硅橡胶粘合剂和合成橡胶粘合剂以及环氧类和聚氨酯类。当使用热固型粘合剂时,使粘合剂活化所需温度应低于使薄膜无定形面活化所需的温度,因为在粘合过程中纤维玻璃丝会抵制薄膜发生收缩。然后将制成的复合胶片分切成任何所需宽度的带或条。由于纤维玻璃丝是尽可能连续的,这就使得能将胶片材料分切成带或条和所制成的带材边部的磨损最小。
为了使纤维玻璃丝易于在聚酯膜的结晶表面使用,最好还对其表面进行糙化处理。“糙化处理”最好应形成结晶表面的微坑,从而确实使结晶表面粗化,借以使纤维玻璃丝与PET膜之间的粘附性能获得改善。I.C.I.Americas出售的商标为“Melinex”的PET膜较为适用。已经发现,当该膜制成具有上文所要求的无定形表面和结晶表面时,则特别适用于本发明的绝缘中。
复合绝缘带是以带材形式用在导电体上的。可用上文所述在导体上缠绕带材的螺旋重叠法将带材固定在导线上。带材还可按两种可能的方式用于导体上,一种是纤维玻璃丝层面向导体,另一种是带材的无定形表面面向导体。如果是纤维玻璃丝靠着导线,则绝缘材料很容易从导体上剥离。另外,由于纤维玻璃丝层不与导体粘附,因此,当绝缘导线弯曲或扭转时,在导体和绝缘材料之间可发生相对滑移,这样便可使纤维玻璃丝层极少破裂和断裂。如果带材的纤维玻璃丝是排列在外表面的,那么绝缘材料将与导线相粘附。当丝层面向外时,纤维玻璃丝基本连续的特点会阻止丝线从膜上脱落。
使用纤维玻璃丝层的好处有三点,第一点是丝线增强了复合绝缘体的强度和耐久性;第二点,也是较重要的一点是借助于纤维玻璃丝的热传导性能,使其起到提高散热的作用,散去电流通过导体产生的热量;最后一点,并且是十分重要的一点就是倘若在使用绝缘导线过程中遇到的周围热源,烧坏了其薄膜组分时,则玻璃成分的存在,能够确保将在缠绕层中产生的暴露缝隙被玻璃组分所遮盖。因此缠绕层的电绝缘能力不致下降。
通过参考有关附图将更易于理解本发明;
图1是本发明制成的推荐方案的一段电绝缘带的平面图;
图2是沿图1中2-2线的带材的剖视图;
图3是用图1和图2的带材缠绕的导线的剖视图,该视图沿缠绕导线的轴线剖切。
在附图中,绝缘带一般标以数字2,它是推荐的类型,其中纤维玻璃丝4粘附在PET膜6上。如上指出,丝线4基本全都相互平行并平行于带材2的延伸轴向。纤维玻璃丝4粘附其上的膜6的表面8是它的结晶表面,该表面做了前面提过的糙化处理。膜6的另一表面10是无定形的。膜6结晶侧面和无定形侧面之间的界面一般居于膜厚中部,如虚线12所示。应该理解,不能认为这种相变是一下就改变的。因此,膜6的14部分是结晶的,16部分是无定形的。图3表明了缠绕着图1和图2的绝缘带的电线18。以螺旋形约50%重叠的方式缠绕该带材。该带材2的纤维玻璃丝的表面4面向导线18,带材2的无定形表面10背向导线18。因此,邻接纤维玻璃表面4的无定形侧面10的重叠部分粘附在纤维玻璃表面4上。一旦发生粘附,带材2的无定形表面10即熔接在与表面10接触的纤维玻璃丝上,从而防止纤维玻璃丝以后从绝缘导体上散开。缠绕后导体的外表面保持无定形状态,而且如果需要,以后还能粘合。导线18仅与不相粘合的纤维玻璃丝相接触。这种形式的绝缘缠绕方法具有易剥离性和优良的散热性。
本发明公开的改进的聚酯及聚酯-复合绝缘材料可用于使很大范围的多种电流导体或构件绝缘,包括使低压导线、高压电缆和多种电器设备绝缘。本发明的绝缘材料除了因使用聚酯膜带来的优良介电性能和其它已知性能外,还具有特别需要的特性,其中之一就是该绝缘体可按两种不同的缠绕方向之一用在导体上,从而产生不同绝缘导体的物理特性。就本发明的复合聚酯纤维玻璃丝绝缘材料而言,由于其中玻璃与膜的比例较高,此推荐方案还有改善了散热性能这一特征。
经以上说明,强调并举例说明了本发明推荐的实施方案。在所附权利要求书定义的本发明范围内,还可做许多改型和变化,这是很明显的。

Claims (21)

1、一种有延伸轴向并含有聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯薄膜组分的电绝缘片材或带材产品,其特征在于该薄膜组分有一基本无定形的表面和另一基本结晶的表面。
2、权利要求1的产品,其中所述薄膜组分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
3、权利要求2的产品,其中所述薄膜组分的厚度为约0.00025至约0.025英寸。
4、权利要求3的产品,其中所述薄膜组分的厚度为约0.005英寸或更小。
5、权利要求2的产品还包括由一层基本连续和不间断的纤维玻璃丝构成的纤维玻璃组分,该丝线的轴向基本都相互平行和基本平行于所述产品的延伸轴向,该丝线粘附并基本遮盖住所述薄膜组分的全部结晶表面。
6、权利要求5的产品,其中所述结晶表面做过糙化处理。
7、权利要求5的产品,其中纤维玻璃组分与膜组分的比值范围为约3∶1至约15∶1,从而相对于一定厚度的产品,使其散热特性达到最大程度。
8、权利要求7的产品,其中纤维玻璃组分与膜组分的比值为5∶1。
9、权利要求1的产品还包括一层基本连续不间断的纤维玻璃丝,其轴向基本都相互平行,也基本平行于所述产品的延伸轴向,该丝线粘附并基本遮盖住所述膜组分的全部结晶表面。
10、权利要求9的产品,其中所述结晶表面做过糙化处理。
11、具有延伸轴向的电绝缘片或带产品,包括具有一无定形表面和另一结晶表面的聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯膜组分和一粘附并基本遮盖住所述膜组分的全部结晶表面的纤维玻璃层。
12、权利要求11的产品,其中所述纤维玻璃层由基本连续不间断的纤维玻璃丝构成,该丝线的轴向基本都相互平行,也基本平行于该产品的延伸轴向。
13、权利要求11的产品,其中所述结晶表面做过糙化处理。
14、具有一延伸轴向的电绝缘片或带产品,包括有一无定形表面和另一结晶表面的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜组分和一层基本连续不间断的纤维玻璃丝,该丝线的轴向基本都相互平行,并平行于该产品的延伸轴向,该丝线粘附并基本遮盖住该膜组分的全部结晶表面。
15、权利要求14的产品,其中所述结晶表面做过糙化处理。
16、一种用电绝缘聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯薄膜缠绕的电线,其特征在于该薄膜具有一基本无定形的表面和另一基本结晶的表面。
17、权利要求16的电线,其特征在于所述薄膜是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
18、权利要求17所述的电线,其特征在于,通过同时对该导线加热和加压,已使该无定形表面熔结。
19、权利要求18所述的电线,其特征在于一纤维玻璃丝层与所述薄膜面对面接触放置。
20、权利要求18所述电线,其特征在于所述结晶表面与所述电线相接触。
21、权利要求18所述电线,其特征在于所述纤维玻璃丝层与该电线接触。
CN89103344A 1988-05-16 1989-05-15 电绝缘带 Expired CN1019709B (zh)

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US07/194,100 US4868035A (en) 1988-05-16 1988-05-16 Electrical insulating materials made partly or wholly of polyester film

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CN112133476A (zh) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-25 番禺得意精密电子工业有限公司 导电基材及其制造方法

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CN110233006B (zh) * 2019-06-21 2024-02-27 岳阳高澜节能装备制造有限公司 一种线缆外层保护层自动缠绕装置
CN112133476A (zh) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-25 番禺得意精密电子工业有限公司 导电基材及其制造方法

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EP0342556A1 (en) 1989-11-23
KR890017721A (ko) 1989-12-18
CA1318949C (en) 1993-06-08
JPH0265011A (ja) 1990-03-05
US4868035A (en) 1989-09-19
NO891931L (no) 1989-11-17
CN1019709B (zh) 1992-12-30
RU1808141C (ru) 1993-04-07

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