CN103849907A - Method of improving hard chromium plating quality on welding seam surface of 2Cr13 martensite stainless steel welding piece - Google Patents
Method of improving hard chromium plating quality on welding seam surface of 2Cr13 martensite stainless steel welding piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN103849907A CN103849907A CN201410082689.7A CN201410082689A CN103849907A CN 103849907 A CN103849907 A CN 103849907A CN 201410082689 A CN201410082689 A CN 201410082689A CN 103849907 A CN103849907 A CN 103849907A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of improving hard chromium plating quality on a welding seam surface of a 2Cr13 martensite stainless steel welding piece. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out argon arc welding onto components, wherein welding flux adopts an ER420 welding wire; secondly, carrying out stress relief annealing and finish machining onto the components; thirdly, carrying out hard chromium electric plating onto the components, wherein an anode pre-treatment is carried out onto the components in a hard chromium electric plating process to remove an oxidization film; and finally, carrying out water-washing and drying onto the components. According to the invention, the argon arc welding method is adopted, the ER420 welding wire is selected, and the hard chromium electric plating process with the anode pre-treatment solves problems that a plating on the welding seam surface is incomplete, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the welding seam surface are worse when the conventional welding piece is plated with the hard chromium, so that appearance consistency of the components are good; and moreover, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the welding seam surface are consistent with those of a parent material surface, and service lives of the components are prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Metal Material Welding and electroplating surface field, be specially a kind of method of the 2Cr13 of raising Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality.
Background technology
Typical case's Martensite Stainless Steel has 1Cr13,2Cr13,3Cr13,4Cr13 etc., has higher intensity, hardness and wear resistance, is the best steel class of mechanical property in all kinds of stainless steels.Shortcoming is that erosion resistance is slightly low, and in all kinds of stainless steels, the welding property of Martensite Stainless Steel is poor, there is strong tendency of hardenability weld heat-affected zone, and mother metal carbon content is higher, and tendency of hardenability is just larger, under weld seam diffusible hydrogen and welding stress effect, easily crack.In Martensite Stainless Steel, the welding technique of 1Cr13 is comparatively ripe, and 2Cr13, due to the increase of carbon content, makes welding more difficult, and crackle tendency is more serious.
Stainless material electropotential exceeds much compared with iron and steel, and its surface also can generate thin and transparent and adhere firmly, form compact and stable passivation film under state of nature, has good corrosion resistance compared with carbon steel.After this passive film surface is damaged, restorability is very strong, can regenerate very soon complete, fine and close new rete.Due to this special passivation of stainless steel, its coating surface hard chrome is very difficult.
In order to improve 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment surface hardness, corrosion resistance and surfaceness, need to carry out durionise processing to its surface.At present, Ministry of Aviation HB5041-92 " hard chrome, milky white chromium coating quality test " standard 3.1.3.7 bar regulation " allows commissure without coating or coating obfuscation ".Applicant while processing, also finds that part weld face hard chrome plating is imperfect at the actual durionise that carries out, and has larger aberration (seeing Fig. 1) with mother metal surface.By metallography microscope sem observation, find the chromium particle alignment densification of mother metal surface, weld face chromium particle distribution is loose (being shown in Fig. 2,3) comparatively.And user also thinks the imperfect outward appearance consistence that affects part of part weld face hard chrome plating, not attractive in appearance; Wear resistance, the corrosion resistance of weld face are poor.Therefore need the technique of the welding of 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel and durionise to study, improve 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solving
To sum up described in background technology, when 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment durionise, weld face is difficult to ensure that Hard Chromium Coating is complete, affect the outward appearance consistence of part, wear resistance, the corrosion resistance of weld face are poor, so the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: improve 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality.For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of method of the 2Cr13 of raising Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality, adopt the method for argon arc welding, select ER420 welding wire, the electroplating hard chromium process of postheating and anode pre-treatment has solved the problems referred to above.
Technical scheme
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of described method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality, is characterized in that: adopt following steps:
Step 1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed is carried out to argon arc welding, and scolder adopts ER420 welding wire;
Step 2: to carrying out stress relief annealing through step 1 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part in 48 hours, annealing temperature is controlled at 500 DEG C～550 DEG C, and soaking time is controlled at 2～3 hours;
Step 3: to refining through step 2 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part, more than guaranteeing that Part Surface Roughness reaches Ra0.8;
Step 4: to carrying out durionise through step 3 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part:
Step 4.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is deoiled;
Step 4.2: the part of processing through step 4.1 is carried out to descaling processing;
Step 4.3: the part of processing through step 4.2 is electroplated, and electroplate liquid is wherein by chromic anhydride, sulfuric acid and open cylinder agent and mix, and electroplate liquid is according to 1L water coupling chromic anhydride 225～275g, sulfuric acid 2～6g and some proportional arrangement of opening cylinder agent;
Step 4.3.1: temperature of electroplating solution is controlled to 50～60 DEG C, by part immersion plating liquid 3～5min;
Step 4.3.2: oxide film is removed in anode pre-treatment: keep temperature of electroplating solution at 50～60 DEG C, to electroplate liquid energising 1～2min, current density is 10～15A/dm
2;
Step 4.3.3: part is carried out to negative electrode plating;
Step 5: to washing, dry through step 4 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part.
The preferred version of a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality of the present invention, is characterized in that: the process of in step 4.3.3, part being carried out to negative electrode plating is:
First little electric current plating: current density is less than 3A/dm
2, the time is controlled at 1～2min;
Then staged rises electric current: every 2min rises primary current, and being controlled at 8～12min, to reach current density be 20A/dm
2;
Carry out again heavy current impact chromium plating: current density moment rises to 50A/dm
2, the time length: 1min;
Last conventional hard chrome plating: current density is controlled at 15～25A/dm
2.
The preferred version of a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality of the present invention, is characterized in that: in step 1, argon arc welding process is:
Step 1.1: to 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed clean, preheating, preheating temperature is controlled at 300～350 DEG C, soaking time 1～2 hour;
Step 1.2: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after insulation is welded immediately, and when welding, argon flow amount is controlled at 8～15 liters/min, and welding current is controlled at 110～130A;
Step 1.3: air cooling after the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part Slow cooling to 100 after having welded DEG C, in Slow cooling process, cooling per hour is no more than 60 DEG C.
The preferred version of a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality of the present invention, it is characterized in that: after step 1.3 completes, in 24 hours, part weld seam is carried out to x-ray detection inspection, if welding quality does not reach the II level requirement that GB/T3323-2005 specifies, carry out repair welding.
The preferred version of a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality of the present invention, is characterized in that: step 4.1 to the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part process of deoiling is:
Step 4.1.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is carried out to chemical deoiling and degreasing: in descaling powder solution, descaling powder strength of solution is 50～60g/L by part hot dipping, and solution temperature is 50～60 DEG C;
Step 4.1.2: to carrying out running water wash through step 4.1.1 part after treatment;
Step 4.1.3: deoil to carrying out electrochemistry through step 4.1.2 part after treatment: in descaling powder solution, descaling powder strength of solution is 50～60g/L by part hot dipping, and solution temperature is 50～70 DEG C, to the energising of descaling powder solution, electric current is 3～5A/dm
2, be 2～5 minutes conduction time;
Step 4.1.4: to the hot water wash that flows through step 4.1.3 part after treatment, water temperature is 40～60 DEG C.
The preferred version of a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality of the present invention, it is characterized in that: the process that the part of in step 4.2, process step 4.1 being processed carries out descaling processing is: part is immersed in Acidwash solution, Acidwash solution is mixed to get by 1:1 volume ratio by HCl and water, and the time is controlled at 1～2min; Then part is carried out to running water wash.
Beneficial effect
Martensite Stainless Steel is the best steel class of mechanical property in all kinds of stainless steels, 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel is usually used in machining medical apparatus, stainless steel knife, stainless steel sleeve, turbine blade etc., shortcoming is that erosion resistance is slightly low, welding property is poor, and when weldment hard chrome plating, weld face coating is imperfect.At present domestic have novel method can solve the poor problem of welding property, but the incomplete problem of weld face coating while solving weldment hard chrome plating without correlation technique causes such accessory appearance consistence poor, not attractive in appearance; Wear resistance, the corrosion resistance of weld face are poor, affect the work-ing life of part, have restricted the application of 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel.
This new technique adopts the method for argon arc welding, selects ER420 welding wire, and the electroplating hard chromium process of postheating and anode pre-treatment has solved the problems referred to above, makes the outward appearance high conformity of such part; Wear resistance, the corrosion resistance of weld face are consistent with mother metal surface, in the work-ing life of having improved part, the widespread use of 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel have been established to technical foundation simultaneously.
The corresponding effect analysis of concrete technical characterictic is:
(1) select the scolder close with 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel Chemical Composition, consider the loss of scolder chemical element in welding process, the content of scolder chemical element will be higher than 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel mother metal.
(2) adopt suitable heat treating method (stress relief annealing, Slow cooling) to eliminate the thermal stresses and the structural stress that in welding process, occur, make the metallographic structure of weld seam and mother metal close.
(3) select suitable welding process to eliminate as much as possible the defect such as slag inclusion, pore easily producing in welding process, welding process can not reduce the welding mechanics performance requriements of part simultaneously.
(4) adopt suitable durionise anode pre-treating process, overcome in traditional concept, corresponding Martensite Stainless Steel does not adopt the technology prejudice of anode pre-treatment, eliminates as much as possible the impact of oxide film on hard chrome plating quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: adopt traditional method to obtain part design sketch;
Fig. 2: the coating metallographic structure figure (100X) that adopts traditional method;
Fig. 3: the coating metallographic structure figure (500X) that adopts traditional method;
Fig. 4: part is electroplated verification the verifying results schematic diagram;
Fig. 5: part electroplating effect comparison diagram.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, be to process sleeve part, sleeve part adopts 2Cr13 martensite stainless steel material, this part is that part after being welded, being welded by two portions is in order to improve surface hardness, corrosion resistance and surfaceness, durionise processing has been carried out in its surface, find that part weld face hard chrome plating is imperfect, have larger aberration (seeing Fig. 1) with mother metal surface.By metallography microscope sem observation, find the chromium particle alignment densification of mother metal surface, weld face chromium particle distribution is loose (being shown in Fig. 2,3) comparatively.Applicant finds by research, the imperfect weld face place that mainly occurs in of piece surface hard chromium, and major cause has following four kinds of situations:
(1) weld seam composition and mother metal composition are different.2Cr13 belongs to martensite, when welding, available welding rod has a variety of, the standard solder that domestic welding handbook is recommended is A302, A307, G202, G207 etc., solder component and mother metal composition have very large difference, after weld parts commissure Chemical Composition, metallographic structure more complicated, can not meet mother metal and weld face durionise layer is complete simultaneously.
(2) 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel hardening capacity is fine, welding temperature reaches more than 1000 DEG C, when cooling in air, can obtain martensite, martensitic transformation is the process of a volumetric expansion, welding process and postwelding, there is very large thermal stresses and structural stress in commissure, commissure easily produces tiny crack, and while there is the part hard chrome plating of tiny crack, weld face hard chrome plating is imperfect.
(3) impact of welding flaw.Slag inclusion, pore are that weldprocedure is difficult to the defect of eliminating completely, after weld parts, if there is above-mentioned defect in commissure, by complete hard chrome plating follow-up impact.
(4) oxide film of weld face is not removed totally, and the Hard Chromium Coating that affects part is complete.Good Hard Chromium Coating to be obtained on its surface, surperficial oxide film must be thoroughly removed.
Embodiment 1:
Starting material blanking, modified, roughing, obtain 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel sleeve part to be processed, wherein starting material quenching temperature should be controlled at 950～980 DEG C, 560～620 DEG C of tempering temperatures, the two all adopts oil cooling, and the Hardness Control after modified is at 28～32HRC.Then adopt following steps:
Step 1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed is carried out to argon arc welding, and scolder adopts ER420 welding wire, gage of wire
the technological process of argon arc welding is:
Step 1.1: to 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed clean, preheating, preheating temperature is controlled at 300 DEG C, soaking time 1 hour;
Step 1.2: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after insulation is welded immediately, and when welding, argon flow amount is controlled at 8 liters/min, and welding current is controlled at 110A; Welding requirements: the reinforcement of weld metal should, lower than mother metal, not allow to occur undercut, and weld face should be guaranteed flawless, the defects such as incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, arc crater, pore;
Step 1.3: air cooling after the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part Slow cooling to 100 after having welded DEG C, in Slow cooling process, cooling per hour is no more than 60 DEG C, require the reason of Slow cooling to be: welding temperature is up to more than 1000 DEG C, part cooling being equivalent in air, quenches, thermal stresses and structural stress are very large, easily cause weld cracking.The technique means that realizes Slow cooling in the present embodiment is: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after welding is completed wraps up Slow cooling with woven asbesto immediately.
After step 1.3 completes, in 24 hours, carry out x-ray detection inspection to part weld seam, if welding quality does not reach the II level requirement that GB/T3323-2005 specifies, carry out repair welding.
Step 2: to carrying out stress relief annealing through step 1 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part, annealing temperature is controlled at 500 DEG C, and soaking time is controlled at 2 hours.Because martensite self-tempering transformation in commissure is unstable, easily cause commissure to crack, so stress relief annealing will complete in 48 hours.
Step 3: to carrying out precision work, guarantee accessory size through step 2 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part; And refine, more than guaranteeing that Part Surface Roughness reaches Ra0.8, for follow-up plating ready;
Step 4: to carrying out durionise through step 3 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part:
To on part, hang, part contacts with hanger well, and hook has certain elasticity, ensures firmly contact, does not allow to occur loosening phenomenon, between part, should leave gap, can not mutually touch;
Step 4.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is deoiled; In the present embodiment, preferably the process of deoiling is:
Step 4.1.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is carried out to chemical deoiling and degreasing: part is immersed in descaling powder solution, and descaling powder strength of solution is 50g/L,, according to the proportional arrangement descaling powder solution of descaling powder 50g coupling 1L water, solution temperature is 50 DEG C;
Step 4.1.2: to carrying out running water wash through step 4.1.1 part after treatment;
Step 4.1.3: deoil to carrying out electrochemistry through step 4.1.2 part after treatment: part is immersed in descaling powder solution, descaling powder strength of solution is 50g/L, according to the proportional arrangement descaling powder solution of descaling powder 50g coupling 1L water, solution temperature is 50 DEG C, to the energising of descaling powder solution, electric current is 3A/dm
2, be 2 minutes conduction time;
Step 4.1.4: to the hot water wash that flows through step 4.1.3 part after treatment, water temperature is 40 DEG C.
Step 4.2: the part of processing through step 4.1 is carried out to descaling processing; The process that the part of preferably process step 4.1 being processed in the present embodiment carries out descaling processing is: part is immersed in Acidwash solution, and Acidwash solution is mixed to get by 1:1 volume ratio by HCl and water, and the time is controlled at 1min; Then part is carried out to running water wash.
Step 4.3: the part of processing through step 4.2 is electroplated, and electroplate liquid is wherein by chromic anhydride, sulfuric acid and open cylinder agent and mix, electroplate liquid is according to 1L water coupling chromic anhydride 225g, sulfuric acid 2g and some proportional arrangement of opening cylinder agent:
Step 4.3.1: temperature of electroplating solution is controlled to 50 DEG C, by part immersion plating liquid 3min;
Step 4.3.2: anode pre-treatment is to remove oxide film: keep temperature of electroplating solution at 50 DEG C, to electroplate liquid energising 1min, current density is 10A/dm
2; Here strict to requiring conduction time, the time can not be grown, otherwise affects coating adhesion;
Step 4.3.3: part is carried out to negative electrode plating, and the process that in the present embodiment, preferred negative electrode is electroplated is:
First little electric current plating: current density is less than 3A/dm
2, the time is controlled at 1min;
Then staged rises electric current: every 2min rises primary current, and being controlled at 8min, to reach current density be 20A/dm
2;
Carry out again heavy current impact chromium plating: current density moment rises to 50A/dm
2, the time length: 1min;
Last conventional hard chrome plating: current density is controlled at 15A/dm
2, the time length is relevant with the thickness of coating of requirement.
Step 5: to washing, dry through step 4 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part.
Fig. 4 has provided the sleeve of producing according to the present embodiment method, Part Surface Roughness is consistent, weld face and mother metal plating hard chromium on surface layer no color differnece, in Fig. 5, provide comparison result, obviously the part that traditional technology is produced, all there is the incomplete phenomenon of Hard Chromium Coating in weld, the coating of weld face turns white,, there is larger aberration with mother metal in luminance range; The part that new technique is produced, Part Surface Roughness is consistent, weld face and mother metal plating hard chromium on surface layer no color differnece.
The present embodiment organically combines welding, thermal treatment, durionise three class special process processes, adopt argon arc welding, the Hard Chromium Plating Technology of postheating and anode pre-treatment, has realized 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel sleeve part weld face Hard Chromium Coating complete.
Embodiment 2:
Starting material blanking, modified, roughing, obtain 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel sleeve part to be processed, wherein starting material quenching temperature should be controlled at 950～980 DEG C, 560～620 DEG C of tempering temperatures, the two all adopts oil cooling, and the Hardness Control after modified is at 28～32HRC.Then adopt following steps:
Step 1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed is carried out to argon arc welding, and scolder adopts ER420 welding wire, gage of wire
the technological process of argon arc welding is:
Step 1.1: to 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed clean, preheating, preheating temperature is controlled at 330 DEG C, soaking time 1.5 hours;
Step 1.2: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after insulation is welded immediately, and when welding, argon flow amount is controlled at 10 liters/min, and welding current is controlled at 120A; Welding requirements: the reinforcement of weld metal should, lower than mother metal, not allow to occur undercut, and weld face should be guaranteed flawless, the defects such as incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, arc crater, pore;
Step 1.3: air cooling after the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part Slow cooling to 100 after having welded DEG C, in Slow cooling process, cooling per hour is no more than 60 DEG C, require the reason of Slow cooling to be: welding temperature is up to more than 1000 DEG C, part cooling being equivalent in air, quenches, thermal stresses and structural stress are very large, easily cause weld cracking.The technique means that realizes Slow cooling in the present embodiment is: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after welding is completed is put into insulation can immediately, and insulation can initial temperature is controlled at 300～350 DEG C, then insulation can shutdown, and part is with insulation can Slow cooling.
After step 1.3 completes, in 24 hours, carry out x-ray detection inspection to part weld seam, if welding quality does not reach the II level requirement that GB/T3323-2005 specifies, carry out repair welding.
Step 2: to carrying out stress relief annealing through step 1 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part, annealing temperature is controlled at 530 DEG C, and soaking time is controlled at 2.5 hours.Because martensite self-tempering transformation in commissure is unstable, easily cause commissure to crack, so stress relief annealing will complete in 48 hours.
Step 3: to carrying out precision work, guarantee accessory size through step 2 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part; And refine, more than guaranteeing that Part Surface Roughness reaches Ra0.8, for follow-up plating ready;
Step 4: to carrying out durionise through step 3 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part:
To on part, hang, part contacts with hanger well, and hook has certain elasticity, ensures firmly contact, does not allow to occur loosening phenomenon, between part, should leave gap, can not mutually touch;
Step 4.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is deoiled; In the present embodiment, preferably the process of deoiling is:
Step 4.1.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is carried out to chemical deoiling and degreasing: part is immersed in descaling powder solution, and descaling powder strength of solution is 55g/L,, according to the proportional arrangement descaling powder solution of descaling powder 55g coupling 1L water, solution temperature is 55 DEG C;
Step 4.1.2: to carrying out running water wash through step 4.1.1 part after treatment;
Step 4.1.3: deoil to carrying out electrochemistry through step 4.1.2 part after treatment: part is immersed in descaling powder solution, descaling powder strength of solution is 55g/L, according to the proportional arrangement descaling powder solution of descaling powder 55g coupling 1L water, solution temperature is 60 DEG C, to the energising of descaling powder solution, electric current is 4A/dm
2, be 4 minutes conduction time;
Step 4.1.4: to the hot water wash that flows through step 4.1.3 part after treatment, water temperature is 50 DEG C.
Step 4.2: the part of processing through step 4.1 is carried out to descaling processing; The process that the part of preferably process step 4.1 being processed in the present embodiment carries out descaling processing is: part is immersed in Acidwash solution, and Acidwash solution is mixed to get by 1:1 volume ratio by HCl and water, and the time is controlled at 1.5min; Then part is carried out to running water wash.
Step 4.3: the part of processing through step 4.2 is electroplated, and electroplate liquid is wherein by chromic anhydride, sulfuric acid and open cylinder agent and mix, electroplate liquid is according to 1L water coupling chromic anhydride 250g, sulfuric acid 4g and some proportional arrangement of opening cylinder agent:
Step 4.3.1: temperature of electroplating solution is controlled to 55 DEG C, by part immersion plating liquid 4min;
Step 4.3.2: anode pre-treatment is to remove oxide film: keep temperature of electroplating solution at 55 DEG C, to electroplate liquid energising 1.5min, current density is 13A/dm
2; Here strict to requiring conduction time, the time can not be grown, otherwise affects coating adhesion;
Step 4.3.3: part is carried out to negative electrode plating, and the process that in the present embodiment, preferred negative electrode is electroplated is:
First little electric current plating: current density is less than 3A/dm
2, the time is controlled at 1.5min;
Then staged rises electric current: every 2min rises primary current, and being controlled at 10min, to reach current density be 20A/dm
2;
Carry out again heavy current impact chromium plating: current density moment rises to 50A/dm
2, the time length: 1min;
Last conventional hard chrome plating: current density is controlled at 20A/dm
2, the time length is relevant with the thickness of coating of requirement.
Step 5: to washing, dry through step 4 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part.
The present embodiment organically combines welding, thermal treatment, durionise three class special process processes, adopt argon arc welding, the Hard Chromium Plating Technology of postheating and anode pre-treatment, has realized 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel sleeve part weld face Hard Chromium Coating complete.
Embodiment 3:
Starting material blanking, modified, roughing, obtain 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel sleeve part to be processed, wherein starting material quenching temperature should be controlled at 950～980 DEG C, 560～620 DEG C of tempering temperatures, the two all adopts oil cooling, and the Hardness Control after modified is at 28～32HRC.Then adopt following steps:
Step 1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed is carried out to argon arc welding, and scolder adopts ER420 welding wire, gage of wire
the technological process of argon arc welding is:
Step 1.1: to 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed clean, preheating, preheating temperature is controlled at 350 DEG C, soaking time 2 hours;
Step 1.2: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after insulation is welded immediately, and when welding, argon flow amount is controlled at 15 liters/min, and welding current is controlled at 130A; Welding requirements: the reinforcement of weld metal should, lower than mother metal, not allow to occur undercut, and weld face should be guaranteed flawless, the defects such as incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, arc crater, pore;
Step 1.3: air cooling after the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part Slow cooling to 100 after having welded DEG C, in Slow cooling process, cooling per hour is no more than 60 DEG C, require the reason of Slow cooling to be: welding temperature is up to more than 1000 DEG C, part cooling being equivalent in air, quenches, thermal stresses and structural stress are very large, easily cause weld cracking.The technique means that realizes Slow cooling in the present embodiment is: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after welding is completed wraps up Slow cooling with woven asbesto immediately.
After step 1.3 completes, in 24 hours, carry out x-ray detection inspection to part weld seam, if welding quality does not reach the II level requirement that GB/T3323-2005 specifies, carry out repair welding.
Step 2: to carrying out stress relief annealing through step 1 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part, annealing temperature is controlled at 550 DEG C, and soaking time is controlled at 3 hours.Because martensite self-tempering transformation in commissure is unstable, easily cause commissure to crack, so stress relief annealing will complete in 48 hours.
Step 3: to carrying out precision work, guarantee accessory size through step 2 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part; And refine, more than guaranteeing that Part Surface Roughness reaches Ra0.8, for follow-up plating ready;
Step 4: to carrying out durionise through step 3 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part:
To on part, hang, part contacts with hanger well, and hook has certain elasticity, ensures firmly contact, does not allow to occur loosening phenomenon, between part, should leave gap, can not mutually touch;
Step 4.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is deoiled; In the present embodiment, preferably the process of deoiling is:
Step 4.1.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is carried out to chemical deoiling and degreasing: part is immersed in descaling powder solution, and descaling powder strength of solution is 60g/L,, according to the proportional arrangement descaling powder solution of descaling powder 60g coupling 1L water, solution temperature is 60 DEG C;
Step 4.1.2: to carrying out running water wash through step 4.1.1 part after treatment;
Step 4.1.3: deoil to carrying out electrochemistry through step 4.1.2 part after treatment: part is immersed in descaling powder solution, descaling powder strength of solution is 60g/L, according to the proportional arrangement descaling powder solution of descaling powder 60g coupling 1L water, solution temperature is 70 DEG C, to the energising of descaling powder solution, electric current is 5A/dm
2, be 5 minutes conduction time;
Step 4.1.4: to the hot water wash that flows through step 4.1.3 part after treatment, water temperature is 60 DEG C.
Step 4.2: the part of processing through step 4.1 is carried out to descaling processing; The process that the part of preferably process step 4.1 being processed in the present embodiment carries out descaling processing is: part is immersed in Acidwash solution, and Acidwash solution is mixed to get by 1:1 volume ratio by HCl and water, and the time is controlled at 2min; Then part is carried out to running water wash.
Step 4.3: the part of processing through step 4.2 is electroplated, and electroplate liquid is wherein by chromic anhydride, sulfuric acid and open cylinder agent and mix, electroplate liquid is according to 1L water coupling chromic anhydride 275g, sulfuric acid 6g and some proportional arrangement of opening cylinder agent:
Step 4.3.1: temperature of electroplating solution is controlled to 60 DEG C, by part immersion plating liquid 5min;
Step 4.3.2: anode pre-treatment is to remove oxide film: keep temperature of electroplating solution at 60 DEG C, to electroplate liquid energising 2min, current density is 15A/dm
2; Here strict to requiring conduction time, the time can not be grown, otherwise affects coating adhesion;
Step 4.3.3: part is carried out to negative electrode plating, and the process that in the present embodiment, preferred negative electrode is electroplated is:
First little electric current plating: current density is less than 3A/dm
2, the time is controlled at 2min;
Then staged rises electric current: every 2min rises primary current, and being controlled at 12min, to reach current density be 20A/dm
2;
Carry out again heavy current impact chromium plating: current density moment rises to 50A/dm
2, the time length: 1min;
Last conventional hard chrome plating: current density is controlled at 25A/dm
2, the time length is relevant with the thickness of coating of requirement.
Step 5: to washing, dry through step 4 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part.
The present embodiment organically combines welding, thermal treatment, durionise three class special process processes, adopt argon arc welding, the Hard Chromium Plating Technology of postheating and anode pre-treatment, has realized 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel sleeve part weld face Hard Chromium Coating complete.
Claims (6)
1. a method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality, is characterized in that:
Adopt following steps:
Step 1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed is carried out to argon arc welding, and scolder adopts ER420 welding wire;
Step 2: to carrying out stress relief annealing through step 1 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part in 48 hours, annealing temperature is controlled at 500 DEG C～550 DEG C, and soaking time is controlled at 2～3 hours;
Step 3: to refining through step 2 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part, more than guaranteeing that Part Surface Roughness reaches Ra0.8;
Step 4: to carrying out durionise through step 3 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part:
Step 4.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is deoiled;
Step 4.2: the part of processing through step 4.1 is carried out to descaling processing;
Step 4.3: the part of processing through step 4.2 is electroplated, and electroplate liquid is wherein by chromic anhydride, sulfuric acid and open cylinder agent and mix, and electroplate liquid is according to 1L water coupling chromic anhydride 225～275g, sulfuric acid 2～6g and some proportional arrangement of opening cylinder agent;
Step 4.3.1: temperature of electroplating solution is controlled to 50～60 DEG C, by part immersion plating liquid 3～5min;
Step 4.3.2: oxide film is removed in anode pre-treatment: keep temperature of electroplating solution at 50～60 DEG C, to electroplate liquid energising 1～2min, current density is 10～15A/dm
2;
Step 4.3.3: part is carried out to negative electrode plating;
Step 5: to washing, dry through step 4 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel after treatment part.
2. a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the process of in step 4.3.3, part being carried out to negative electrode plating is:
First little electric current plating: current density is less than 3A/dm
2, the time is controlled at 1～2min;
Then staged rises electric current: every 2min rises primary current, and being controlled at 8～12min, to reach current density be 20A/dm
2;
Carry out again heavy current impact chromium plating: current density moment rises to 50A/dm
2, the time length: 1min;
Last conventional hard chrome plating: current density is controlled at 15～25A/dm
2.
3. a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in step 1, argon arc welding process is:
Step 1.1: to 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part to be processed clean, preheating, preheating temperature is controlled at 300～350 DEG C, soaking time 1～2 hour;
Step 1.2: the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part after insulation is welded immediately, and when welding, argon flow amount is controlled at 8～15 liters/min, and welding current is controlled at 110～130A;
Step 1.3: air cooling after the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part Slow cooling to 100 after having welded DEG C, in Slow cooling process, cooling per hour is no more than 60 DEG C.
4. a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: after step 1.3 completes, in 24 hours, part weld seam is carried out to x-ray detection inspection, if welding quality does not reach the II level requirement that GB/T3323-2005 specifies, carry out repair welding.
5. according to a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality described in claim 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: step 4.1 to the 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part process of deoiling is:
Step 4.1.1: 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel part is carried out to chemical deoiling and degreasing: in descaling powder solution, descaling powder strength of solution is 50～60g/L by part hot dipping, and solution temperature is 50～60 DEG C;
Step 4.1.2: to carrying out running water wash through step 4.1.1 part after treatment;
Step 4.1.3: deoil to carrying out electrochemistry through step 4.1.2 part after treatment: in descaling powder solution, descaling powder strength of solution is 50～60g/L by part hot dipping, and solution temperature is 50～70 DEG C, to the energising of descaling powder solution, electric current is 3～5A/dm
2, be 2～5 minutes conduction time;
Step 4.1.4: to the hot water wash that flows through step 4.1.3 part after treatment, water temperature is 40～60 DEG C.
6. a kind of method that improves 2Cr13 Martensite Stainless Steel weldment weld face hard chrome plating quality according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the process that the part of in step 4.2, process step 4.1 being processed carries out descaling processing is: part is immersed in Acidwash solution, Acidwash solution is mixed to get by 1:1 volume ratio by HCl and water, and the time is controlled at 1～2min; Then part is carried out to running water wash.
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Application publication date: 20140611 |