Background technology
Wheel hub motor, need to be closely integrated with wheel as the critical component of wheel hub drive system, and wheel hub motor body design not only affects the general performance of motor performance, and trafficability characteristic to car load, mobility even stability all have a significant effect.Because wheel hub motor is directly connected with wheel, do not have decelerator to carry out the amplification of torque, meet again the power demand of electric automobile, so wheel hub motor must have high pulling torque, energy consumption is little, energy density is high and torque density is high feature; Because wheel hub motor is directly integrated in inside wheel, so require wheel hub motor to have the highest performance in limited space, therefore, wheel hub motor also needs to have the advantages that volume is little simultaneously.
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of wheel hub motor in prior art; The wheel hub motor of prior art comprises internal stator assembly 4 and outer rotor component; Outer rotor component comprises rotor punching 3; On rotor punching 3, be fixed with multiple magnet steel 1 ' and magnet steel 1, these magnet steel are arranged in an annulus that can be set on internal stator assembly 4, the annulus that magnet steel is arranged in is coaxial with internal stator assembly 4, internal stator assembly 4 radially and annulus is corresponding and between there is air gap 5; In the magnet steel that annulus is arranged, the pole orientation of adjacent two magnet steel 1 and magnet steel 1 ' contrary (being inner magnet line of induction opposite direction); And the pole orientation of magnet steel 1 deviates from the axis of internal stator assembly 4, the pole orientation of magnet steel 1 ' is pointed to the axis of internal stator assembly 4.Because the distance of the air gap 5 of motor is constant, if increase the torque density of motor, must improve the magnetic flux density in air gap 5.
In prior art, for improving magnetic flux density, generally all adopt and increase the thickness unshakable in one's determination that internal stator assembly 4 comprises, or increase the volume of magnet steel; All can cause the volume of motor to increase but increase thickness unshakable in one's determination and magnet steel volume, be difficult to meet wheel hub motor and under less volume, realize the requirement that torque density is high.
Summary of the invention
For solving the wheel hub motor technical problem that motor gas-gap magnetic flux density is lower under unit volume, motor torque density is too low in prior art, the invention provides in a kind of not increase of motor volume situation the permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor that motor gas-gap magnetic flux density is higher, motor torque density is higher.
Permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor provided by the invention, comprises internal stator assembly and outer rotor component; Described outer rotor component comprises rotor punching; On described rotor punching, be fixed with multiple magnet steel, multiple described magnet steel are evenly arranged into annulus, and described annulus is set on described internal stator assembly, and described annulus is coaxial with described internal stator assembly;
In described annulus, the pole orientation of adjacent two described magnet steel is contrary, and the axis of described internal stator assembly is pointed to respectively or deviated to pole orientation;
Between every two adjacent described magnet steel, be provided with tangential magnet, the pole orientation of each described tangential magnet is all identical with the tangential direction of described annulus, and the pole orientation of two described tangential magnets that close on is contrary.
Permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor of the present invention, owing to being provided with tangential magnet between adjacent two magnet steel on rotor punching, and the pole orientation of adjacent tangential magnet is contrary, thereby the magnetic force of tangential magnet and the magnetic force of magnet steel are superposeed mutually, and magnet steel end can increase towards the magnetic flux density of internal stator assembly; Because radial magnet is distributed between magnet steel, the not volume outside occupying volume, so the in the situation that of motor volume inconvenience, increased the magnetic flux density in air gap, has improved the torque density of motor simultaneously.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor of the embodiment of the present invention, and the permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor of the present embodiment, comprises internal stator assembly 4 and outer rotor component; Outer rotor component is fixedly connected with the casing of motor, and motor case is the wheel hub of wheel, directly drives vehicle wheel rotation when motor operation, and outer rotor component comprises rotor punching 3; Internal stator assembly 4 is provided with multiple equally distributed wire casings 40 diametrically, in wire casing 40, is provided with winding coil, and the surrounding of winding coil is provided with the iron core for increasing magnetism intensity.On rotor punching 3, be fixed with multiple magnet steel 1 ' and magnet steel 1, magnet steel 1 ' becomes an annulus that can be set on internal stator assembly 4 with magnet steel 1 alternative arrangement, the annulus that magnet steel is arranged in is coaxial with internal stator assembly 4, internal stator assembly 4 radially and inside annulus corresponding and between there is air gap 5; In the magnet steel that annulus is arranged, the pole orientation of adjacent two magnet steel 1 and magnet steel 1 ' contrary (being inner magnet line of induction opposite direction); And as shown in the direction of arrow in Fig. 2, in adjacent two magnet steel, the pole orientation of magnet steel 1 deviates from the axis of internal stator assembly 4, the pole orientation of magnet steel 1 ' is pointed to the axis of internal stator assembly 4.The winding coil that internal stator assembly 4 comprises is after energising, and outer rotor component starts to rotate under the magneticaction of magnet steel.
In the present embodiment, between every two adjacent magnet steel, (being between magnet steel 1 and magnet steel 1 ') is provided with tangential magnet 2 or 2 ', each tangential magnet 2 or 2 ' pole orientation all identical with the tangential direction of the annulus of magnet steel composition (pole orientation that is tangential magnet is all tangent with the annulus that magnet steel forms, in other words perpendicular to the radius of annulus), and the pole orientation of two tangential magnets that close on (tangential magnet 2 and tangential magnetic 2 ') is contrary.Because all there are two magnet steel that pole orientation is different the both sides of each tangential magnet, thereby make the magnetic force of each tangential magnet and the stack of the magnetic picture of magnet steel, increased magnetic flux density between magnet steel and internal stator assembly 4, the magnetic flux density in air gap 5 increases.
At the permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor of the present embodiment, owing to being provided with tangential magnet between adjacent two magnet steel on rotor punching 3, and the pole orientation of adjacent tangential magnet is contrary, thereby the magnetic force of tangential magnet and the magnetic force of magnet steel are superposeed mutually, and magnet steel end increases towards the magnetic flux density of internal stator assembly; Meanwhile, radial magnet is distributed between magnet steel, and the not volume outside occupying volume, so the in the situation that of motor volume inconvenience, increased the magnetic flux density in air gap 5, has improved the torque density of motor.Equally, in the situation that wheel hub motor peak torque density is constant, adopt the structure of the present embodiment wheel hub motor, the axial dimension (being the core dimensions of internal stator assembly upper magnet yoke portion) of electric motor internal stator assembly can dwindle, and the volume of motor can be less.It should be noted that in addition, owing to being provided with tangential magnet between adjacent two magnet steel, the magnetic flux density that each magnet steel deviates from the direction of internal stator assembly 4 reduces, and has also reduced the electromagnetic effect to miscellaneous part.
Fig. 3 is the magnetic steel structure figure of the permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor of another embodiment of the present invention.On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, each magnet steel comprises: two radial magnets, and these two radial magnets are one group, are all fixed on rotor punching 3; Radial magnet in every group is arranged between adjacent two tangential magnets along the tangential direction of annulus, between every two adjacent tangential magnets, is provided with one group of radial magnet; The pole orientation of two radial magnets and the pole orientation of this magnet steel that each magnet steel is included are consistent, and the pole orientation of radial magnet in the footpath of internal stator assembly upwards.Generally, each magnet steel is radially on average divided into two.As shown in Figure 3, magnet steel 1 comprises two radial magnets 10, and the pole orientation of radial magnet 10 is identical with magnet steel 1; Magnet steel 1 ' comprises two radial magnets 10 ', and radial magnet 10 ' is identical with magnet steel 1 ' pole orientation; Radial magnet 10 or 10 ' be all fixed on rotor punching 3.As Fig. 3, two radial magnets 10 that each magnet steel 1 is included, their pole orientation is consistent and deviate from the axis of internal stator assembly 4; Two radial magnets 10 ' that each magnet steel 1 ' is included, their pole orientation is also consistent and towards the axis of internal stator assembly 4.In addition, in every group of radial magnet, the tangential magnet that a side of each radial magnet is adjacent with this radial magnet leans, and another radial magnet in the opposite side of this radial magnet and this group leans; In other words, between adjacent two tangential magnets, close-packed arrays has two radial magnet.Taking Fig. 3 as example, in each magnet steel 1 ', radial magnet 10 ' and radial magnet 10 ' mutually against, radial magnet 10 ' contacts with tangential magnet 2, another radial magnet 10 ' contacts with tangential magnet 2 '.Because each magnet steel is split into two radial magnets, from but each tangential magnet can be adjacent with two ends radial magnet close contact, thereby the magnetic flux density a of three magnet entirety is enhanced towards the direction of internal stator assembly 4 at radial magnet; In addition, because each magnet steel is split into two radial magnets, the arrangement of each radial magnet can be freer.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, on rotor punching 3, be provided with multiple magnet steel 1 or 1 of being convenient to ' positioning tooth 30 that positions, two included radial magnets of each magnet steel contact with positioning tooth 30 respectively; Between two radial magnets of each positioning tooth 30 in every group of radial magnet, two radial magnets 10 lay respectively at the both sides of positioning tooth 30, and two radial magnets 10 ' lay respectively at the both sides of positioning tooth 30.One side of each radial magnet contacts with positioning tooth 30, opposite side and tangential magnet 2 or 2 ' contact.Positioning tooth 30 can adopt the mode of punching press to protrude from rotor punching 3.Because magnet steel magnetic force is large, and two adjacent magnet steel pole orientation are inconsistent, so wheel hub motor during fabrication, magnet steel is difficult to be fixed on rotor punching 3.When being provided with positioning tooth 30 on rotor punching 3, two included radial magnets of each magnet steel all can rely on positioning tooth 30 to position and arrange, and have facilitated assembling and the manufacture of outer rotor component, have improved the production efficiency of motor.Positioning tooth 30 can adopt triangle positioning tooth, also can adopt other shape that is beneficial to fixed radial magnet, as Inner circular arc.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, two radial magnets at each tangential magnet and these tangential magnet two ends, form domes jointly; For example, tangential magnet 2, radial magnet 10 ' and domes of radial magnet 10 common formation; The Inner circular arc of these domes is towards the axis of internal stator assembly 4.Two radial magnets at each tangential magnet and its this tangential magnet two ends are common while forming domes, three is arc-shaped structure, or the contact portion of each radial magnet and positioning tooth 30 is provided with chamfering, general preferred employing circular arc chamfering, so just can make three magnets between two adjacent positioning tooths 30 form domes, so just strengthen motor reliability and security.As Fig. 3, when all tangential magnets and all radial magnets all adopt arc-shaped structure, all tangential magnets and all radial magnets can form a gapless annulus, have greatly reduced the radially volume of outer rotor component.
The arrangement of the domes magnet in the present embodiment combines with above-described embodiment, makes wheel hub motor superior performance of the present invention, torque density is high, wide area is efficient, volume is little, lightweight, compact conformation; Manufacture craft is simple simultaneously, and stable and reliable operation, is suitable for large-scale promotion application, can have a tremendous social and economic benefits.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the permanent-magnetic outer rotor wheel hub motor of another embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of above-described embodiment, further, internal stator assembly 4 is provided with multiple be uniformly distributed and for holding the wire casing 40 of winding coil diametrically, and the winding coil of each wire casing 40 interior settings is corresponding with the annulus of magnet steel composition; Be that the end of wire casing 40 is towards magnet steel; The quantity of magnet steel and wire casing 40 is respectively the integral multiple of 8:9.Because each magnet steel comprises two radial magnets, and two radial magnets rely on again positioning tooth 30 to locate, so positioning tooth 30 is 8:9 with the quantity of wire casing 40 than also; The utmost point groove of wheel hub motor cooperation is in other words 8/9 integral multiple.8/9 utmost point groove the has coordinated effective balance unbalanced magnetic pull of wheel hub motor.Preferred version is, the quantity of magnet steel is 32, and the quantity of wire casing 40 is 36; So concrete quantity than under, can obtain best counterbalance effect, and cogging torque and torque pulsation little, improved the dynamic property of wheel hub motor, can realize high-precision private clothes and drive.
On internal stator assembly 4, be provided with multiple wire casings 40 that distribute along radial direction, wire casing 40 is stator lasmination groove, and the winding coil in each wire casing 40 is the double-deck winding of concentrating of three-phase fractional-slot, and winding coil is positioned at stator lasmination groove and is divided into double-deck and distributes vertically.The double-deck end span of concentrating winding can reduce internal stator assembly 4 of three-phase fractional-slot, wire casing 40 end spaces are saved, reduce motor axial dimension, weaken like this back-emf slot ripples of motor, improve counter potential waveform, also improved accordingly the utilance of wire casing 40 in internal stator assembly 4.
Finally it should be noted that: above each embodiment, only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to aforementioned each embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or some or all of technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these amendments or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.