CN103831286B - The heat resolve system and method for aluminium electroloysis waste lining - Google Patents
The heat resolve system and method for aluminium electroloysis waste lining Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005091 Si3N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 wherein Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is the heat resolve system and method for aluminium electroloysis waste lining.Aim to provide a kind of can electrolytical heat resolve system and method in high efficiente callback waste lining.Comprise raw material cabin, secondary vibration sieve, heat resolve device, drawing mechanism, conveying device and exhaust gas cleaner successively, heat resolve device comprises heating furnace and the heat-accumulation combustion mechanism to its heating, multiple unit material room is set in heating furnace, is provided with slag notch and track, Cinder Machine, electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart in the bottom of heating furnace; Air entry and the three road air inlet reversal valves and three roads of the air-introduced machine in heat-accumulation combustion mechanism are given vent to anger, and reversal valve is corresponding to be communicated with, and its gas outlet is corresponding with raw material cabin to be communicated with; The exhaust outlet correspondence of air blast is communicated in described three road air inlet reversal valves and three roads and gives vent to anger reversal valve.The beneficial effect of the invention is: realize electrolyte high efficiency, high-purity reclaims.Improve fuel thermal efficiency, energy consumption is low, simultaneously can the waste of effective rule out raw material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fixed-end forces technical field of aluminum smelting technology, be specifically related to a kind of heat resolve system and method for aluminium electroloysis waste lining.
Background technology
Waste lining is the hazardous waste that Aluminium Industry is regularly discharged, waste lining (being commonly called as slag from delining) is the solid waste that aluminium cell is regularly discharged, be the general designation to all waste and old inner lining material removed during electrolytic cell overhaul, mainly comprise cathode paste, refractory brick, insulating brick, Impervious Materials etc.Due to the fluoride containing higher level and cyanide, waste lining belongs to hazardous waste, is that country prohibites the I class refuse arbitrarily abandoned.
By finding the waste lining investigation and analysis of the several typical aluminium electrolysis enterprise of China: flame-proof thermal insulation material accounts for about 80% of its total solid weight, and Impervious Materials accounts for about 10%, and cathode paste accounts for about 10%.Through the analysis of the electrolytic slag leachate to many electrolysis plants generations, electrolytic cell waste lining main harm is fluoride pollution, its content mean value is at about 3060mg/l, reach as high as 13000mg/l, substantially exceed the standard value of " hazardous waste judging standard-leaching characteristic identification " standard 50mg/l, electrolysis waste lining belongs to dangerous solid slag, and the solvable F-content of waste lining is as table 1:
Table 1: the solvable F-content of the representative electrolytic aluminium factory waste lining of China
Note: A, B, C, D, E, F, G represent different aluminium electrolysis enterprises respectively.
As can be seen from the above table, in cathode paste, fluoride concentration is the highest, on average up to 11247mg/l; Impervious Materials takes second place, average out to 637mg/l; Refractory brick, average out to 296mg/l; Insulating brick is minimum, average out to 67mg/l.All arrange standard higher than outside country.
Wherein sample refractory material and the insulation material of certain enterprise domestic, X-ray diffraction analysis result is as follows:
Main containing SiC, Si3N in this useless refractory brick
4, NaF and trace aluminosilicate, wherein main component is SiC, Si
3n
4and NaF, Na of immersing in electrolytic process
3alF
6deng.
Table 2: useless refractory brick main chemical compositions analysis result:
| Chemical composition | Si 3N 4 | SiC | AL 2O 3 | Fe 2O 3 | C | f-Si | Na 2O | F |
| Content (%) | 19.53 | 67.16 | 1.19 | 0.23 | 1.41 | 0.26 | 3.74 | 3.65 |
In sum, in waste lining main matter be raw material in use, with electrolyte generation electrochemical reaction under long term high temperature state, adsorb a large amount of harmful substances, generate some noxious materials, become the factor worked the mischief to environment, its main component is NaF, Na
3alF
6.
Domestic and international waste lining treatment process research is summarized as follows:
(1) waste lining-rotary kiln baking treatment process
The feature of this technique is: add in waste lining by a certain amount of lime stone and flyash, fully mix, compound is crushed to certain particle size, add in rotary kiln and carry out calcination process, technological temperature 900 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C, harmful fluoride of more than 98% and lime stone react to generate stablizes harmless material calcirm-fluoride or calcium fluosilicate, and the hypertoxic cyanide oxidation of more than 99.5% decomposes, and product is aluminum fluoride and solid slag.
In roasting process, along with the burning of carbon, the fluoride wrapped up by carbon is free out, with active calcium oxide fast reaction.In waste lining, the carbonaceous material of about 30% obtains effective utilization, for reaction provides the heat of 70%.This technique can process all waste linings, and the conversion ratio of fluoride is greater than 95%, and the oxidation Decomposition rate of cyanide is greater than 99.5%.The shortcoming of this technology produces a large amount of HF gas in innoxious process.
(2) waste lining-Bauxite Sintering technique
The operating process of this technique is: be first separated from waste lining by carbonaceous material, mixes after broken fine grinding with anthracite, adds in Bauxite Sintering kiln as fuel.In combustion, cyanide decomposes, and fluoride changes calcirm-fluoride into.
Usual sintering one ton of bauxite can add 10Kg carbonaceous waste slot liner, and the average fluoride concentration in sintering oven tail gas is about 28mg/ cube (N).Advantage is: can save part anthracite, not need equipment investment, make use of carbonaceous waste slot liner.Deficiency is: (1) can only process carbonaceous waste slot liner (being about 30% of waste lining weight), and the waste lining of 70% still needs security landfill; (2) fluoride of high added value finally enters red mud, is not recycled utilization; (3) this technique can only be implemented having the alumina producer of sintering process.
(3) waste lining-flotation treatment process
This technique belongs to wet-treating, first carbonaceous material is separated from waste lining, add in flotation cell after broken abrasive dust, add different floating agents and be separated carbon dust and electrolyte, in floatation process, chemical reaction does not occur between floating agent and carbonaceous waste slot liner, but the reaction of waste lining and water is very fierce.
The advantage of this technique is: the fluoride in recyclable carbonaceous waste slot liner and carbon dust.But its shortcoming is more: (1) flotation waste water is about containing the CN-of the solvable F-of 200mg/l ~ 300mg/l and about 15mg/l ~ 30mg/l, and superstate standard limited value 10mg/l and 0.05mg/l far away, must increase waste water disposal facility; (2) fluoride reclaimed about contains the carbon of 7%, directly can not return electrolytic cell, needs roasting again except carbon elimination; (3) carbon dust reclaimed about contains the fluoride of 10%, can not return carbon production technique, needs to remove fluoride; (4) before flotation, carbonaceous waste slot liner needs strict fine grinding, and abrasive dust cost is high; (5) floating agent kind is many, price is high; (6) floatation process be divided into repeatedly roughly select, selected, scan, flow process is complicated, equipment investment is large; (7) can only process the carbonaceous material of waste lining, other materials (accounting for 70% of waste lining weight) still needs security landfill.These shortcomings limit the application of this technique.
(4) waste lining-lime stone soaking technology
This technique is by after broken for waste lining fine grinding, and add in reaction tank, inject limewash and soak certain hour, in immersion process, sodium fluoride slowly dissociates out from waste lining, reacts generate calcirm-fluoride with limewash.Waste lining and water react simultaneously, discharge a large amount of gas.
This technique belongs to wet-treating, is emerging technology, and its effect awaits inspection.Feature is: the sluggish of (1) sodium fluoride and limewash, reacts not thorough; (2) limewash is strong alkali solution, pH value in the salinization of soil, water will be caused to exceed standard if leaked; (3) carbonaceous material is not utilized; (4) fluoride salt of high added value in waste lining is not reclaimed; (5) operation field is because there is potential safety hazard in the precipitation of the gases such as HCN.
Due to the outstanding defect that various technology exists, what current waste lining process generally adopted is the method that landfill stores up process, not only occupy a large amount of soil, and the soluble fluoride wherein contained, cyanide also can flow into rivers with rainwater, high risks is caused to environment, and causes ample resources to waste.The waste lining stockyard of tracking and monitoring, monitoring result shows: the harmful substance (villiaumite of dissolving) of waste lining progressively will shift with rainwater in soil and groundwater, has the soluble fluoride of 54% to shift and enter soil and groundwater in two years.
The waste lining stockyard of tracking and monitoring, monitoring result shows, the harmful substance (villiaumite of dissolving) of waste lining progressively will shift with rainwater in soil and groundwater, has the soluble fluoride of 54% to shift and enter soil and groundwater in two years.
In prior art, the technical research such as the flotation carried out, pyrogenic process, owing to producing the larger secondary pollution such as fluoride waste, waste gas containing fluoride, are never in industry promoted and are come.The product that floatation reclaims directly can not return electrolytic cell and use, and needs to carry out roasting to the electrolyte reclaimed further, reduces phosphorus content, improves electrolytical purity; The industrial wastewater simultaneously produced can not directly discharge, and needs to carry out Industrial Wastewater Treatment, carries out discharging after fluorine reclaims.Recovery process flow process is complicated, and cost is higher, therefore, research and develop a kind of waste lining and starve heat resolve system, both realized electrolytical recovery in waste lining, do not produced secondary waste water, exhaust emission again, realize the object of high efficiente callback electrolyte, zero pollutant discharge, just seem and be extremely necessary.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electrolyte that can reclaim efficiently in waste lining, the aluminium electroloysis waste lining heat resolve system of non-pollutant discharge, is intended to overcome cost recovery in prior art high, the problem that the rate of recovery is low.
For realizing above-mentioned target, content of the present invention is as follows:
Described heat resolve system comprises raw material cabin, secondary vibration sieve, heat resolve device, drawing mechanism, conveying device and exhaust gas cleaner, the feeding mouth of described secondary vibration sieve is connected with raw material cabin, the discharging opening of secondary vibration sieve is communicated with described heat resolve device by conveying device, described heat resolve device comprises heating furnace, and the heat-accumulation combustion mechanism to described heat resolve device heating, in the burner hearth of described heating furnace, be provided with at least three unit material rooms, be provided with slag notch in the bottom of described heating furnace; Described drawing mechanism comprises via the outward extending track in slag notch place of heating furnace, Cinder Machine, electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart, and described Cinder Machine, electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart are arranged in parallel on this track; Described heat-accumulation combustion mechanism comprises heat-storage type burner, give vent to anger reversal valve in air-introduced machine, air blast, the be communicated with three road air inlet reversal valves that form gas circulation loop and three roads corresponding to the burner of described heat-storage type burner; Air entry and the described three road air inlet reversal valves and three roads of described air-introduced machine are given vent to anger, and reversal valve is corresponding to be communicated with, and its gas outlet is corresponding with raw material cabin to be communicated with; The exhaust outlet correspondence of described air blast is communicated in described three road air inlet reversal valves and three roads and gives vent to anger reversal valve.
Preferably, described heating furnace also comprises body of heater, stove gate device, material room, described upper of furnace body is provided with the charging aperture be connected with each material room, described heating furnace body comprise successively from the inside to the outside furnace lining layer, plug draw containing chromium fibrage, steel plate, heating furnace furnace roof comprise be arranged in order from the inside to the outside by furnace lining layer, plug draw containing chromium fibrage; Bottom of Heating Furnace comprises the refractory casting bed of material, undercloak, light-weight refractory brick layer, the tapetum fibrosum that are arranged in order from the inside to the outside.
The outlet of described raw material cabin is provided with baiting valve, liquid level alarm device is provided with in described raw material cabin, described conveying device comprises bucket elevator and one end is in baiting valve lower end, the feeding belt that the other end is adjacent with bucket elevator, and described feeding belt is provided with belt conveyer scale.
Preferably, described feed arrangement is provided with dust collection cover with furnace charge mouth position above described belt conveyer scale.
Preferably, described heat resolve system is also connected with control ultramagnifier, the input of described control ultramagnifier connects liquid level alarm device, belt conveyer scale, output correspondence connects the fire door of baiting valve, heating furnace, and the output of this control ultramagnifier is also connected with described Cinder Machine and described electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart.
Preferably, described heating furnace is also connected with PLC control system, the input of described PLC control system connects liquid level alarm device, belt conveyer scale, output correspondence connects the fire door of baiting valve, heating furnace, and the output of this PLC control system is also connected with described Cinder Machine and described electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart.
Corresponding hingedly at described slag notch place be connected with fire door; Described fire door comprises shaped steel from inside to outside successively, steel plate layer, plug draw containing chromium fibrage, fire door shield layer; Described fire door shield is spliced by least two pieces of heat-resisting cast iron blocks, and is provided with dilatation joint between each casting pig.
A solution method for heat resolve aluminium electroloysis waste lining, uses heat resolve system, comprises the steps:
(1) material screening: sent into by aluminium electroloysis waste lining in the secondary vibration sieve in the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining, is sieved as waste refractory materials, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener;
(2) carry: again that upper step gained waste refractory materials, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener is indoor to deliver to material corresponding in heating furnace the interval time of 6 ~ 12 hours respectively;
(3) heat resolve: start heat-accumulation combustion mechanism, outside air enters in burner hearth via give vent to anger reversal valve, heat storage of air blast, three roads successively, combustion gas simultaneously passes into toward burner hearth combustion via gas consumption adjusting valve successively, burner hearth is heated to 1140 ~ 1160 DEG C, each correspondence is expected to the waste refractory materials in room, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener heat resolve 6 ~ 12 hours, isolate liquid electrolyte, refractory material, Impervious Materials, carbon raw and tail gas, and with the regular discharging deslagging in the interval of 2 ~ 4 hours; Simultaneously in burner hearth, high-temperature gas enters in raw material cabin carry out being preheated to 130 ~ 150C via the first regenerator or the second regenerator, three road air inlet reversal valves, air-introduced machine successively; To be heated volatile feature according to fluoride, by the whole volatilizations adopting above-mentioned suitable temperature control parameter can realize fluoride in waste lining, and electrolyte is effectively separated;
(4) reclaim: gained refractory raw material, Impervious Materials, carbon raw and liquid electrolyte in step (3) are reclaimed via drawing mechanism;
(5) vent gas treatment: up to standard rear emptying to carrying out purified treatment in the gas introducing exhaust gas cleaner after the preheating of raw material cabin Raw.
Preferably, temperature controller is provided with in described heating furnace.
Preferably, furnace fuel adopts the one in natural gas, coal gas, liquefied gas.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. utilize present system can realize electrolyte high efficiency, highly purified recycling; And do not produce waste residue, waste water, the pollutants such as waste gas, little to the infringement of environment;
2. the heat-accumulation combustion mechanism in present system, furnace temp is evenly distributed, and in the decomposition of waste lining, heating furnace is divided into multiple material room, and each material room temperature is poor≤and 5 DEG C, and the thermal efficiency of fuel can be increased substantially, reduction energy consumption;
3. utilize the inventive method to realize recycling aluminium electroloysis waste lining, effectively can solve puzzlement world aluminum electrolysis industry waste lining solid waste for many years and stack or landfill contaminated environment, cause the problems such as a large amount of waste of raw materials;
4. the refractory material utilizing the inventive method to reclaim, Impervious Materials, carbon materials purity are high: refractory material, Impervious Materials, carbon materials purity >=98%, directly can return resistance to material and carbon element enterprise and do raw material and use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main apparent direction schematic diagram of heating furnace in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the left apparent direction schematic diagram of heating furnace in the present invention;
Fig. 3 be in the present invention heating furnace overlook direction schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the process chart of the heat resolve of waste lining in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is furnace temp cascade control system block diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the process chart of heat resolve system of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the operating diagram of heat-storage type burner in the present invention;
Each component names in figure: 1. furnace binding; 2. furnace roof hanging assembly; 3. body of heater builds assembly by laying bricks or stones; 4. burner; 5. pipeline; 6. heat-storage type burner; 7. fire door backplate; 8. fire door and lifting device; 9. cut valve soon; 10. flow control valve; 11. heat storages; Give vent to anger reversal valve in 12. 3 roads; 13. air-introduced machines; 14. air blasts; 15. air flow rate adjustment valves; 23. material rooms; 24. 3 road air inlet reversal valves.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: a kind of aluminium electroloysis waste lining heat resolve system, see Fig. 1 to Fig. 7: comprise raw material cabin, secondary vibration is sieved, heat resolve device, drawing mechanism, conveying device and exhaust gas cleaner, the feeding mouth of described secondary vibration sieve is connected with raw material cabin, the discharging opening of secondary vibration sieve is communicated with described heat resolve device by conveying device, described heat resolve device comprises heating furnace, and the heat-accumulation combustion mechanism to described heat resolve device heating, at least three unit material rooms are provided with in the burner hearth of described heating furnace, slag notch is provided with in the bottom of described heating furnace, described drawing mechanism comprises via the outward extending track in slag notch place of heating furnace, Cinder Machine, electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart, and described Cinder Machine, electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart are arranged in parallel on this track, described heat-accumulation combustion mechanism comprises heat-storage type burner, give vent to anger reversal valve 12 in air-introduced machine, air blast, the be communicated with three road air inlet reversal valves 24 that form gas circulation loop and three roads corresponding to the burner of described heat-storage type burner, air entry and the described three road air inlet reversal valves 24 and three roads of described air-introduced machine are given vent to anger, and reversal valve 12 is corresponding to be communicated with, and its gas outlet is corresponding with raw material cabin to be communicated with, the exhaust outlet correspondence of described air blast is communicated in described three road air inlet reversal valves 24 and three roads and gives vent to anger reversal valve 12.
Heating furnace also comprises body of heater, stove gate device, material room, described upper of furnace body is provided with the charging aperture be connected with each material room, described heating furnace body comprises furnace lining layer from the inside to the outside successively, plug draws containing chromium fibrage, steel plate, and heating furnace furnace roof comprises furnace lining layer from the inside to the outside successively, plug draws containing chromium fibrage; Bottom of Heating Furnace comprises the refractory casting bed of material, undercloak, light-weight refractory brick layer, tapetum fibrosum from the inside to the outside successively.
Described heat-accumulation combustion mechanism comprises heat-storage type burner 6, give vent to anger reversal valve 12 in air-introduced machine 13, air blast 14, the be communicated with three road air inlet reversal valves that form gas circulation loop and three roads corresponding to the heat-accumulating burner of described heat-storage type burner 6; Air entry and the described three road air inlet reversal valves 24 and three roads of described air-introduced machine 13 are given vent to anger, and reversal valve 12 is corresponding to be communicated with, and its gas outlet is corresponding with raw material cabin to be communicated with; The exhaust outlet correspondence of described air blast 14 is communicated in described three road air inlet reversal valves 24 and three roads and gives vent to anger reversal valve 12.Can make exhaust emissions temperature below 150 DEG C by this heat-accumulation combustion mechanism, realize the high-efficiency heating to heating furnace.
Baiting valve is provided with in the exit of described raw material cabin, liquid level alarm device is provided with in described raw material cabin, described conveying device comprises bucket elevator and one end is in baiting valve lower end, the feeding belt that the other end is adjacent with bucket elevator, and described feeding belt is provided with belt conveyer scale.
Described feed arrangement above described belt conveyer scale, bucket elevator and furnace charge mouth position be provided with dust collection cover.
Described heat resolve system is also connected with control ultramagnifier, the input of described control ultramagnifier connects liquid level alarm device, belt conveyer scale, output correspondence connects the fire door of baiting valve, heating furnace, and the output of this control ultramagnifier is also connected with described Cinder Machine, described electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart.See Fig. 5, utilize the in good time feedback that control system is accomplished total system.PLC is sent a signal back to by devices such as main detection, transmission device table, secondary detections in reponse system.
A method for heat resolve aluminium electroloysis waste lining, comprises the steps:
(1) material screening: sent into by aluminium electroloysis waste lining in the secondary vibration sieve in the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining, is sieved as waste refractory materials, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener;
(2) carry: again that upper step gained waste refractory materials, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener is indoor to deliver to material corresponding in heating furnace the interval time of 10 hours respectively;
(3) heat resolve: start heat-accumulation combustion mechanism, outside air enters in burner hearth via give vent to anger reversal valve, heat storage 11 of air blast, three roads successively, combustion gas simultaneously passes into toward burner hearth combustion via gas consumption adjusting valve successively, burner hearth is heated to 1150 DEG C, each correspondence is expected to the waste refractory materials in room, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener heat resolve 10 hours, isolate liquid electrolyte, refractory material, Impervious Materials, carbon raw and tail gas, and regularly discharging, deslagging; Simultaneously in burner hearth, high-temperature gas enters in raw material cabin carry out being preheated to 140 DEG C via the first regenerator in heat-accumulation combustion mechanism or the second regenerator, three road air inlet reversal valves 24, air-introduced machine 13 successively;
(4) reclaim: gained refractory raw material, Impervious Materials, carbon raw and liquid electrolyte in step (3) are reclaimed via drawing mechanism;
(5) vent gas treatment: up to standard rear emptying to carrying out purified treatment in the gas introducing exhaust gas cleaner after the preheating of raw material cabin Raw.
Temperature controller is provided with in described heating furnace.Temperature in accurate control burner hearth, promotes the efficiency of combustion in burner hearth.
The furnace wall of body of heater builds assembly 3 by laying bricks or stones by furnace binding 1, body of heater and furnace roof hanging assembly 2 is formed, the furnace wall of body of heater is provided with burner 4 and heat-storage type burner 6, and the import and export of body of heater are connected with pipeline 5, simultaneously, body of heater input and output material place is provided with fire door and lifting device 8, and fire door backplate 7.
Furnace fuel adopts the one in natural gas, coal gas, liquefied gas.
The plug at described body of heater, furnace roof position draws the thickness containing chromium fiber to be 350mm.
Waste lining is mainly refractory material, Impervious Materials or useless thickener, wherein, refractory material is bulk particle, useless thickener is fritter particle, Impervious Materials is husky granular solid matter, three has larger difference on volume, so can be sieved by secondary vibration, originally the refractory material of bulk is separated, give up thickener at regrading place afterwards, the finally remaining grains of sand are exactly Impervious Materials, bucket elevator is utilized to be transported to material room independent in heating furnace separately these three kinds of materials, material is provided with the control that temperature controller carries out temperature in room 23, thermal source is from the heat-accumulation combustion mechanism be connected with heating furnace.
In the present embodiment, be provided with the high-precision control system of temperature in heating furnace, temperature control precision ± 0.5 DEG C, achieve electrolytical high-purity high efficiente callback.
In the present embodiment, heating furnace Regenerative Combustion System is air, combustion gas Two-cuff Technique, exhaust emissions temperature≤150 DEG C.
Raw material cabin adopts concreting to form, and is made up of warehouse, baiting valve, radar level measuring device, the mouth etc. that gathers dust.For storing waste lining raw material, when preventing waste lining air storage, fluoride damages ecological environment.
Belt conveyer scale is used for waste lining to be delivered to bucket elevator by raw material cabin, has instantaneous delivery and measures and flow accumulation function.Dust collection cover is provided with above belt conveyer scale.
By the refractory material to recovery, Impervious Materials and carbon component analysis, the refractory material of recovery and Impervious Materials can directly as the raw materials of Nai Cai factory, and carbon can directly as the raw material of carbon element factory.
Because the value of electrolgtic aluminium refractory material, Impervious Materials and thickener is relatively low, therefore carry out low energy consumption to add thermal Release Technology and just seem very important and crucial, the object of carrying out this technical research is under the prerequisite guaranteeing to realize heat target, reduces energy consumption, increases economic efficiency.This technology is studied two parts by optimal separation temperature studies, low energy consumption heating technique and is formed.The outstanding feature of this technology is that energy-conservation, fluoride decomposes completely efficient.
When heating waste lining: temperature is too high, the easy scaling loss of refractory material, the fuel that unnecessary consumption is too much simultaneously; Temperature is too low, and fluoride volatilization is insufficient.Found by lot of experiment validation: fire box temperature controls at about 1150 DEG C (± 10 DEG C), volatilization effect is ideal.
During system works, first sorting is carried out to raw material, then the difference material room of special heating furnace is joined by raw material types, carrying out heating makes fluoride all decompose volatilization, thus obtain not fluorine-containing refractory material, Impervious Materials and carbon materials, the high temperature waste gas containing fluoride produced enters electrolytic purification system, and the clean high-temperature flue gas that heating furnace produces and high-temperature fluorination thing gas discharge respectively after carrying out preheating to raw material.By heating technique, achieve the no pollution discharge of flue gas pollutant;--material loading--discharge system that passes through automatic sorting, greatly reduces artificial intervention, reduces cost of labor; Waste gas containing fluoride enters electrolytic purification system, achieves the high efficiente callback of fluorine.
Owing to containing a large amount of fluorides in waste liner, therefore, use for reference the heating technique of aforementioned breeze process, fluoro-gas in the tail gas that heating furnace can be avoided to discharge, pollutant atmosphere.Furnace chamber material adopts carbofrax material, and heating furnace is many material room structures.Waste lining is made up of waste refractory materials, useless Impervious Materials, useless thickener etc., and composition difference is comparatively large, must carry out classification process when being separated the fluoride contained by them, and the object of carrying out this technical research is that the automatic screening realizing three class materials is separated.This technology is made up of a few parts such as belt conveyor, bucket elevator, secondary vibration sieve, belt conveyer scales.The outstanding feature of this technology is automatic screening, be automatically separated, automation degree of equipment is higher.
According to the feature of waste lining, three class raw materials are heated respectively, therefore keep heating furnace respectively to expect the uniformity of room temperature; Simultaneously in order to reduce energy resource consumption.This heat resolve system, under the prerequisite of efficient volatilization guaranteeing fluoride, first ensures the quality of the refractory brick of recovery product, Impervious Materials and carbon materials, improves heat utilization ratio simultaneously.The outstanding feature of this technology is that heating rate is fast, uniformity of temperature profile, high gradient heating curve time temperature control accurately.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, other amendment that other personnel make the technical program or equivalently to replace, only otherwise depart from the spirit and scope of the technical program, all should be encompassed within right of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the heat resolve system of an aluminium electroloysis waste lining, comprise raw material cabin, secondary vibration is sieved, heat resolve device, drawing mechanism, conveying device and exhaust gas cleaner, the feeding mouth of described secondary vibration sieve is connected with raw material cabin, the discharging opening of secondary vibration sieve is communicated with described heat resolve device by conveying device, it is characterized in that: described heat resolve device comprises heating furnace, and the heat-accumulation combustion mechanism to described heat resolve device heating, at least three unit material rooms (23) are provided with in the burner hearth of described heating furnace, slag notch is provided with in the bottom of described heating furnace, described drawing mechanism comprises via the outward extending track in slag notch place of heating furnace, Cinder Machine, electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart, and described Cinder Machine, electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart are arranged in parallel on this track, described heat-accumulation combustion mechanism comprises heat-storage type burner, give vent to anger reversal valve (12) in air-introduced machine (13), air blast (14), the be communicated with three road air inlet reversal valves (24) that form gas circulation loop and three roads corresponding to the burner of described heat-storage type burner, air entry and the described three road air inlet reversal valves (24) and three roads of described air-introduced machine (13) are given vent to anger, and reversal valve (12) is corresponding to be communicated with, and its gas outlet is corresponding with raw material cabin to be communicated with, the exhaust outlet correspondence of described air blast (14) is communicated in described three road air inlet reversal valves (24) and three roads and gives vent to anger reversal valve (12).
2. the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heating furnace also comprises body of heater, stove gate device, material room, described upper of furnace body is provided with the charging aperture be connected with each material room, described heating furnace body comprises furnace lining layer from the inside to the outside successively, plug draws containing chromium fibrage, steel plate, and heating furnace furnace roof comprises furnace lining layer from the inside to the outside successively, plug draws containing chromium fibrage; Bottom of Heating Furnace comprises the refractory casting bed of material, undercloak, light-weight refractory brick layer, tapetum fibrosum from the inside to the outside successively.
3. the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: be provided with baiting valve in the exit of described raw material cabin, liquid level alarm device is provided with in described raw material cabin, described conveying device comprises bucket elevator and one end is in baiting valve lower end, the feeding belt that the other end is adjacent with bucket elevator, described feeding belt is provided with belt conveyer scale.
4. the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described conveying device comprises dust collection cover, this dust collection cover is arranged on above described belt conveyer scale and gating location.
5. the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described heat resolve system is also connected with control ultramagnifier, the input of described control ultramagnifier connects liquid level alarm device, belt conveyer scale, output correspondence connects the fire door of baiting valve, heating furnace, and the output of this control ultramagnifier is also connected with described Cinder Machine, described electrolyte collecting cart and powdered carbon collecting cart.
6. the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: corresponding hingedly at described slag notch place be connected with fire door; Described fire door comprises shaped steel from inside to outside successively, steel plate layer, plug draw containing chromium fibrage, fire door shield; Described fire door shield is spliced by least two pieces of heat-resisting cast iron blocks, and is provided with dilatation joint between each casting pig.
7. a method for heat resolve aluminium electroloysis waste lining, comprises the steps:
(1) material screening: sent into by aluminium electroloysis waste lining in the secondary vibration sieve in the heat resolve system of aluminium electroloysis waste lining described in claim 1, is sieved as waste refractory materials, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener;
(2) carry: again that upper step gained waste refractory materials, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener is indoor to deliver to material corresponding in heating furnace the interval time of 6 ~ 12 hours respectively;
(3) heat resolve: start heat-accumulation combustion mechanism, outside air enters in burner hearth via give vent to anger reversal valve, heat storage (11) of air blast, three roads successively, combustion gas simultaneously passes into toward burner hearth combustion via gas consumption adjusting valve successively, burner hearth is heated to 1140 ~ 1160 DEG C, each correspondence is expected to the waste refractory materials in room, useless Impervious Materials and useless thickener heat resolve 6 ~ 12 hours, isolate liquid electrolyte, refractory material, Impervious Materials, carbon raw and tail gas, and regularly discharging, deslagging; In burner hearth, high-temperature gas enters in raw material cabin carry out being preheated to 130 ~ 150 DEG C via regenerator, three road air inlet reversal valves (24), air-introduced machine (13) successively simultaneously;
(4) reclaim: gained refractory raw material, Impervious Materials, carbon raw and liquid electrolyte in step (3) are reclaimed via drawing mechanism;
(5) vent gas treatment: up to standard rear emptying to carrying out purified treatment in the gas introducing exhaust gas cleaner after the preheating of raw material cabin Raw.
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