CN103826831B - 旋转心轴工具支撑件 - Google Patents

旋转心轴工具支撑件 Download PDF

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CN103826831B
CN103826831B CN201280034252.5A CN201280034252A CN103826831B CN 103826831 B CN103826831 B CN 103826831B CN 201280034252 A CN201280034252 A CN 201280034252A CN 103826831 B CN103826831 B CN 103826831B
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panel
axle
coating
described axle
fortifying fibre
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CN103826831A (zh
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J·L·米勒
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Boeing Co
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Boeing Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/382Automated fiber placement [AFP]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/088Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of non-plastics material or non-specified material, e.g. supports
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/32Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/32Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
    • B29C70/323Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core on the inner surface of a rotating mould
    • B29C70/326Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core on the inner surface of a rotating mould by rotating the mould around its axis of symmetry
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/386Automated tape laying [ATL]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B29C70/865Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding completely encapsulated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B29D99/0021Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with plain or filled structures, e.g. cores, placed between two or more plates or sheets, e.g. in a matrix
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/002Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076Aircrafts
    • B29L2031/3082Fuselages
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C2001/0054Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials
    • B64C2001/0072Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials from composite materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64FGROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/40Maintaining or repairing aircraft
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C47/00Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/20Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by subjecting to pressure and heat an assembly comprising at least one metal layer or sheet and one layer of fibres or filaments
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336Blade making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718Repairing
    • Y10T29/49732Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49801Shaping fiber or fibered material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53526Running-length work
    • Y10T29/5353Assembled on core

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于形成增强纤维的覆层的方法,其包括安装面板到心轴工具支撑件的轴上,所述面板具有用于增强纤维的覆层表面;以及为了硬度及平衡中心,抗衡所述安装的面板。

Description

旋转心轴工具支撑件
背景技术
商用航空飞行器可因鸟撞击、地面保障设备、碎片、冰雹及其他计划外事件而被损坏。这些事件可在航空飞行器蒙皮中导致孔洞和裂缝,并损坏下面的加强子结构(如,框架、加强件及防护垫(pad-up))。例如,航空飞行器的机头罩部分可因鸟撞击而损坏,下部凸起(lowerlobe)可因前起落架(nosegear)折叠而受损,中间部分门围绕物可因与地面保障设备碰撞而受损,末端部分下部凸起可因尾部撞击而受损,等等。
尽可能快地修理受损的航空飞行器以及将其返回使用是重要的。停机时间对航空母舰(aircraftcarrier)是非常昂贵的,因为闲置航空飞行器会导致收入损失。
预制的铝制航空飞行器的修理相对简单。将损坏的板及下面子结构从航空飞行器上移去并更换。如果面板是可用的,则可相对快地实施修理。
复合商用航空飞行器的修理则不是如此简单,特别是对于整体式组件的大面积修理。考虑到由几个整体式复合筒状物部分组成的机身。每个筒状物部分包括蒙皮、环箍框架、以及加强件(如,桁条)。加强件可以与蒙皮整合(通过在制造期间共固化)。环箍框架可机械地固定到蒙皮上。如果机身部分大面积被损坏,则移去并更换整个筒状物部分将会过分昂贵、破坏生产、和耗费时间。
需要用于大面积修理整体式复合航空飞行器组件的基础设施。
发明内容
根据本文实施方式,一种用于形成增强纤维覆层的方法包括安装面板到心轴工具支撑件的轴上,所述面板具有用于所述增强纤维的覆层表面;以及为了硬度及平衡中心,抗衡所述安装的面板。
根据本文另一实施方式,方法包括使用心轴工具支撑件的单轴形成增强纤维的不同覆层,其中形成每一覆层包括安装相应的面板到轴上;以及抗衡所述安装的面板。
根据本文另一实施方式,用于形成复合材料的不同覆层的设备包括轴以及具有不同布局构造的多个面板。每一面板被机械地固定到轴上的附接点上。该设备进一步包括用于抗衡机械地固定到轴上的面板的装置。
附图说明
图1和图2是安装至旋转心轴工具支撑件的轴上的不同面板的图示。
图3a和图3b是处于抗衡的心轴的图示。
图4是用于在抗衡过程中支撑轴的推车的图示。
图5是旋转心轴工具支撑件的实例的图示。
图6是使用心轴工具支撑件制造复合部件的方法的图示。
图7是包括复合机身的航空飞行器的图示。
图8是机身的复合筒状物部分的蒙皮及下面的加强子结构的图示。
图9是整体式机身筒状物的受损区域的图示。
图10是通过螺栓铰接附接至蒙皮板的置换板的图示。
图11是用于修理航空飞行器的受损整体式复合组件的方法的图示。
具体实施方式
旋转心轴工具支撑件可用于制造由嵌在基体内的增强纤维的层或板组成的复合部件。复合材料的一个实例是碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP),其中成分包括嵌在环氧基体内的碳纤维。在制造过程中,支撑件用于旋转心轴工具,同时增强纤维被沉积在心轴工具的覆层表面上。纤维可通过自动铺带(automatedtapelaying)(ATL)或自动纤维布置(automatedfiberplacement)(AFP)机器沉积,或它们可被手工沉积。完全的纤维板也可并入至覆层中。这些完全的板可手工或自动布置。例如,覆层可包括最初织物板和最终织物板。
本文心轴工具包括提供覆层表面的面板。面板可贯穿其厚度具有整体加强,或其具有背衬支撑件(backingsupport)用于加强。面板可以是金属的(如不胀钢、钢、铝)或复合材料或掺杂物。
现在参考图1,其示出包括轴120的旋转支撑件110。轴120可绕其纵轴(L)旋转。轴120不限于任何具体的几何形状。轴几何形状的实例包括但不限于圆柱体、矩形棱柱、以及具有非矩形横截面的棱柱。
轴120具有用于安装一系列加工面板140的附接点130。不同面板140可具有不同直径、长度、覆层表面轮廓、弧长、半径、重量等等。
图1示出两个附接点130。额外对的附接点130可沿轴120的长度提供。
图1所示的面板140具有与轴120大概相同的直径。该面板可直接安装到轴120上。例如,轴的直径为三英尺,并且面板的有效直径为四英尺直径,面板140上五英寸的加强结构。在该实例中,面板140可直接附接到轴120上。
图2显示具有比轴120更大直径的面板240。转接器子结构250用于安装面板240至轴120上的附接点130。转接器子结构250可包括元件如板件或管件,其根据轴直径及面板140的相对直径制成一定大小。
面板140处于适当方向上,用于旋转式自动纤维布置或带铺设操作。面板140可与轴120隔开。一般地,对于圆柱或圆形几何形状,面板140与距离轴120的中心相同的中线处作为其半径,从而促进机器运动。如果面板140大于轴110的外表面,则面板140与轴120隔开。
在一些实施方式中,附接点130可包括轴120上的带通孔的调整片,或带螺纹孔的调整片。面板140可利用相似组的附接点,或调整片可直接固定(机械地,例如,通过螺栓或销)到轴120上。机械固定允许面板140易于附接到轴140上,并且易于从轴140上去除。
现在参考图3a及图3b。旋转支撑件110进一步包括可调整的抗衡系统用于调整硬度及支撑平衡要求(如,质量中心),从而容纳安装的面板。抗衡砝码310可通过附接板件320加到轴120上以及从其上去除。隔离片330可位于砝码310与附接板件320之间。隔离片330可用于增加砝码310与轴120中心的距离用于额外的力矩。抗衡的考虑事项包括工具∕覆层重量、轴长,轴120上的面板的位置以及轴偏移。
在执行抗衡之前,可以确定面板240及转接器子结构250(如图3b中的虚线所示)的质量中心。可以用计算机辅助设计(CAD)软件确定质量中心。然后可对砝码310、板件320以及隔离片330计算质量中心。从这些计算中,可以估计砝码310、板件320以及隔离片330的量和位置。
当正执行抗衡时,有几种方式支撑轴120。作为一个实例,轴120在ATL或AFP机器的头座与尾座之间旋转。调整砝码310的位置,以便轴120的旋转可以以最小力起动,且其后轴120可以自由旋转而不失衡。验证平衡条件,从而在ATL或AFP机器的能力内确保转动平衡。
现在参考图4,其示出第二个实施:当执行抗衡时,轴120由推车410支撑。推车410包括头座420及尾座430,以在抗衡过程中旋转轴120。推车410提供几个优点,其将在下文中描述。
现在参考图5,其示出由AFP机器的头座520、尾座530支撑的旋转支撑件510的实施方式。旋转支撑件510包括轴550,其可通过螺栓固定的附接板件560可拆卸地安装到旋转平面板540上。头座520及尾座530支撑轴120、安装的面板500、抗衡砝码(未示出)以及通过AFP机器施加的增强纤维的重量。头座520及尾座530也提供必要的转矩,以旋转轴550。
轴550可具有用于改变轴长度的长度调整机构570。例如,长度调整机构570可包括伸缩机构,或其可包括被添加或去除从而达到期望长度的隔离片或节段。取决于工作行程(workenvelope)的尺寸(即,头座520与尾座530之间的距离),可调整轴长度,以容纳不同长度的面板。在一些实施方式中,AFP工作行程可在约10英尺至50英尺的范围。
在一些实施方式中,本文的轴不具有长度调整机构。而是,轴可固定在最大长度,这取决于AFP工作行程。
在一些实施方式中,可用简单机构获取旋转平面板540的旋转的上中心(upcenter),容易地去除并重新安装轴550。在一些实施方式中,轴550可以用桥式起重机(如,吊架起重机、移动式门式起重机、动臂起重机)或用扩杆(单动式或点式升降机或在末端的双点式)从上方升起。在其它实施方式中,轴550可以用能够执行负载转移的小机车(dolly)或推车从下方升起。
本文的旋转支撑件允许单轴用于一系列不同的面板。不同面板又允许一系列的覆层尺寸。例如,覆层的范围可在3英尺×3英尺至多达42英尺×20英尺。有利地,不同尺寸和∕或轮廓的覆层可通过简单地置换面板并为了硬度及质量中心执行抗衡来满足机器平衡要求形成。
图6是使用旋转心轴工具形成不同复合覆层的方法的图示。在方框610,调整轴的长度。在方框620,面板通过附接点安装到轴上。
在方框630,为了硬度及平衡中心来抗衡面板,以对沉积增强纤维的机器满足支撑件的平衡要求。考虑AFP机器。总旋转组件(包括轴、隔离片及安装的面板)的一般固有频率可大约为2-8Hz。所需的最低固有频率通常是由AFP制造商提供的。一般的AFP旋转速度可在3-9rpm之间,相对慢,但取决于直径,提供大约在50-5000英寸/分钟之间的表面运动,AFP铺设通常小于3000英寸/分钟。组件(轴、附件机构、平衡块、面板)的总重量在AFP机器的容许限度(如50,000-200,000lbs)内。
抗衡提供了匹配AFP机器的转矩能力的适当平衡。未平衡的工具可能难以准确定位并在旋转过程中导致马达调整挑战或不期望的振动。执行抗衡调整从而绕工具中心平衡工具,以最小化振动并且在AFP机器的限度内操作。
抗衡也提供了最小化总旋转组件(包括轴、隔离片及安装的面板)的偏移的适当硬度。不足的硬度可在丝束布置过程中引起定位误差。例如,不足的硬度可引起预期的朝向轴中点的最大偏移的下降。
在方框640,当面板旋转时,复合部件的复合材料铺设在面板的覆层表面上。纤维覆层可自动(例如,由AFP或ATL)或手动执行。然后可将抛光板件放置在该部件覆层上。对于典型的自动纤维布置材料,可使用1/8”、1/4”以及1/2”的典型材料宽度。对于手动覆层及自动带覆层,可使用3”、6”及12”的更宽的带。执行自动覆层的机器可以是专用机器或通过末端执行器定位系统移动的末端执行器。
在方框650,覆层被装袋(bag),并且移动到固化部分。在一些实施方式中,覆层可装袋到面板,轴可从头座和尾座去除,且整个轴和面板可移动到高压釜或烘箱中进行固化。轴可通过独立的支撑夹紧装置如推车410除去。推车410可经受高压釜的温度和压力。
在其他实施方式中,面板可从轴上拆除,覆层可装袋到面板,并且面板被移动到固化部分。面板可通过高压釜定级(autoclave-rated)的小机车或台子输运。
在方框660,用于该部件的复合材料在固化部分中被固化。作为实例,该固化可以是高压釜固化、烘箱固化或高压釜外固化(取决于为该部件选择的复合材料系统)。在方框670,执行对固化部件的加工(如,修整及钻孔)。
在方框680,在修整及钻孔之后,成品部件从面板上移去。相对大的部件可用提升夹紧装置移去。成品部件放置在NDI夹紧装置上,以使得能够进行超声波检查。
在方框690,面板从轴上移去,且新的部件的面板安装到轴上(方框620)。重复方框630到680的功能以制造新的部件。
本文的旋转支撑件对于修理新型商用航空飞行器特别有用。该新型航空飞行器包括由复合材料制成的大型整体式部分。
参考图7,其图示复合航空飞行器700的实例。通常,航空飞行器700包括机身710、机翼组件720以及尾翼730。一个或更多个推进单元740联接到机身710、机翼组件720或航空飞行器700的其他部分。飞机起落架组件750联接到机身710上。
在一些实施方式中,整个机身710可由单个整体式复合部分制成。在其它实施方式中,机身710可由多个整体式复合材料部分形成。在图7中图示的实例中,机身710由六个整体式复合筒状物部分形成:机头罩部分(部分41)、三个中间部分(部分43、44及46)以及末端部分(部分47及48)。
乘客及货舱门(cargodoor)760形成于所有部分中。因此,所有部分易受地面保障设备的损坏。所有部分也易受地面碎片的损坏。机头罩部分也易受鸟撞击——其是高能冲击——而损坏。机头罩部分的下部凸起易受前起落架折叠而损坏。末端部分的下部凸起易受尾部撞击损坏。
现在参考图8及图9,其图解机身710的随机受损区域910。除了对蒙皮810的损坏,下面整合的加强子结构820也可受损。该加强子结构可包括纵向延伸的桁条820,其与蒙皮810共固化。
在大型商用航空飞行器中,置换受损区域比置换整个整体式筒状物要更期望得多。而且,受损区域通常是随机的。也就是说,位置、精确尺寸、受损程度可由事件的不同而不同。所以,预制的板可能不能很好地、或根本不能装配到受损区域。
有利的是,本文的旋转支撑件可用于制造定制成置换受损区域的板。随着置换板变化的唯一结构是面板。对于板的每一新构造,只制造面板。然后将面板安装到旋转支撑件上并使之抗衡。
因为只需要附接并抗衡面板,所以降低了制造速度及成本。因为不像传统的支撑件,轴未与心轴工具整合,并且因此轴可再利用,所以成本也降低了。标准尺寸的支撑件或甚至超大尺寸的支撑件可容纳宽范围的面板尺寸。置换板的尺寸将改变。其可比42’×20’置换板更大,或不大于3’×3’的置换板。
参考图10,其图解通过螺栓铰接附接到蒙皮板1020的置换板1010。螺栓铰接包括通过螺栓1040附接到置换板1010及蒙皮板1020二者上的倍加器1030。非结构性填料1050可用于填充倍加器1030和置换板1010或蒙皮板1020之间的间隙。该铰接通常有圆周、纵向及角式构型。本文的旋转支撑件可用于制造倍加器1030及填料1050.
现在参考图11,其图解了使用本文的旋转支撑件为航空飞行器的不同受损区域形成定制整体式复合置换板的方法。在方框1110,为每一定制的复合置换板接收设计。每一设计可包括蒙皮及整合的加强子结构的详细的板定义。这可包括基于该部分中原始使用的蒙皮及子结构形成详细的板定义,并且修改原始板定义,使得置换板可置换受损区域并与受损区域的轮廓匹配。形成板定义包括形成工程几何图形,其包括板层边界、堆叠顺序、纤维成分及取向以及每个边界内的带宽。
所述设计也可包括用于机械紧固元件(如,铰接倍加器及填料)的详细板定义,其将用于机械固定置换板到航空飞行器上。由于受损材料的确切位置及损坏的精确程度是随机的且不可预测的,所以进行修理的铰接构造和细节可能不存在,且需要形成。板的详细数量取决于修理的尺寸和复杂度。例如,在复杂的修理中,可能涉及几十个拼接倍加器及数千个紧固件。该设计阶段对所述损坏是特有的。
在方框1120,获得置换板覆层的面板。在一些情形中,根据设计可制造一些或所有面板。在其他情形中,可从标记的生产工具或有缺陷的生产工具上切下一些或所有面板。标记工具的部分可被切除,且那些部分被用作面板。
在方框1130,面板安装在轴上并进行抗衡,并且旋转支撑件用于制造置换板。板制造包括部件覆层、固化、加工等等。可执行非破坏性检查。
在方框1140,如果要制造具有不同构造的额外部件,则从轴上除去面板。安装另一面板并进行抗衡,并制造额外的板(方框1130)。
在方框1150,置换板被运送到修理厂。这里,置换板被安装到受损的航空飞行器中。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于形成增强纤维覆层的方法,所述方法包括:
安装面板到心轴工具支撑件的轴上,所述面板具有用于所述增强纤维的覆层表面;以及
为实现一定硬度及平衡中心,抗衡所述安装的面板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述安装包括在所述轴上的附接点处固定所述面板到所述轴上。
3.根据权利要求1或2任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗衡包括附接具有隔离片的砝码到所述轴上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述抗衡进一步包括满足验证平衡条件,从而在所述面板上沉积所述增强纤维的机器的能力内确保所述轴的转动平衡。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述轴和附接面板在移动推车上被抗衡。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,进一步包括在安装所述面板之前调整所述轴的长度。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,进一步包括在所述覆层表面上沉积增强纤维的同时旋转所述安装的面板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,进一步包括在部件覆层后,从所述心轴工具支撑件上除去所述轴;以及所述轴连同所述安装的面板及覆层一起被输送到固化部分。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,进一步包括从所述轴除去所述面板,安装具有不同覆层构造的第二面板;以及抗衡所述第二面板。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中具有不同覆层构造的多个面板被逐个地安装到所述轴上、被抗衡并用于复合部件制造。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述部件包括航空飞行器的复合置换板。
12.一种包括使用心轴工具支撑件的单轴形成增强纤维的不同覆层的方法,其中形成每一覆层包括安装相应的面板到所述轴上,以及抗衡所述安装的面板。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括在所述面板上沉积所述增强纤维的同时旋转所述轴。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括在部件覆层后,从所述心轴工具支撑件上去除所述轴;以及所述轴连同所述面板及覆层一起输送到固化部分。
15.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗衡包括附接具有隔离片的砝码到所述轴上;以及满足验证平衡条件,从而在所述面板上沉积增强纤维的机器的能力内确保所述轴的转动平衡。
16.用于形成复合材料的不同覆层的设备,所述设备包括:
具有附接点的轴;
具有不同布局构造的多个面板,每一面板机械地固定到所述附接点;以及
用于抗衡机械地固定到所述轴上的面板的装置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中所述轴具有可变长度。
18.根据权利要求16或17任一项所述的设备,进一步包括用于在安装到所述轴上的所述面板的覆层表面上沉积增强纤维的机器。
19.根据权利要求16或17所述的设备,其中所述抗衡装置包括砝码和隔离片。
20.根据权利要求16或17所述的设备,进一步包括用于支撑及旋转所述轴的头座及尾座,其中所述轴可从所述头座及所述尾座上除去。
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CA2833975C (en) 2016-02-16
BR112014000579B1 (pt) 2020-03-24
WO2013009907A3 (en) 2014-02-20
US20130014372A1 (en) 2013-01-17
ES2565658T3 (es) 2016-04-06
EP2731787B1 (en) 2016-01-06
CA2833975A1 (en) 2013-01-17
EP2731787A2 (en) 2014-05-21
BR112014000579A2 (pt) 2017-02-14
WO2013009907A2 (en) 2013-01-17
CN103826831A (zh) 2014-05-28
JP2014524853A (ja) 2014-09-25
US8955206B2 (en) 2015-02-17
JP5995968B2 (ja) 2016-09-21

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