CN103826583B - 具有泡沫粘合剂层的敷料 - Google Patents

具有泡沫粘合剂层的敷料 Download PDF

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CN103826583B
CN103826583B CN201280047588.5A CN201280047588A CN103826583B CN 103826583 B CN103826583 B CN 103826583B CN 201280047588 A CN201280047588 A CN 201280047588A CN 103826583 B CN103826583 B CN 103826583B
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B·D·帕特尔
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种适于局部施用到身体上的敷料,所述敷料包括具有第一侧面和相对的第二侧面的载体基底;和施加到所述载体基底的所述第二侧面上的泡沫粘合剂组合物层,其中所述泡沫粘合剂组合物层包括基本上均匀分布的闭孔,所述闭孔中包含惰性气体。

Description

具有泡沫粘合剂层的敷料
技术领域
本发明涉及局部施用于身体的敷料,所述敷料包括载体基底以及施用到载体基底的泡沫粘合剂层,其中泡沫粘合剂层包括多个闭孔,所述闭孔包括设置于其中的惰性气体并且基本上均匀分布在整个泡沫粘合剂层上。
背景技术
用于可被设置成直接或间接接触皮肤的敷料的粘合剂在本领域中是已知的。此类敷料包括直接施用于皮肤中伤口的粘合剂绷带,以及经由附接到内衣或衣物而被间接设置成接触皮肤的吸收制品,例如卫生巾。此类粘合剂包括热熔融粘合剂。
热熔融粘合剂以熔化形式施用到载体基底并且在冷却时通常将在基底上形成固体层。此类粘合剂组合物和层通常将基本上不含可能包含空气或其他气体的气泡或小孔。其他热熔融粘合剂,诸如美国专利No.6,383,630中所述的那些粘合剂,可包括开孔或小孔,并且形成开孔粘合剂层,据称所述粘合剂层对空气和水蒸气呈现出良好渗透性。如其中所述,粘合剂组合物“未施用到载体基底的至少一侧的整个区域”。粘合剂层优选地被图案化成圆顶状。通过热丝网印刷将其中示例的敷料中的粘合剂层施用到载体基底。
本发明的敷料允许减少必须施用到载体基底的粘合剂组合物的量,从而使得与使用基本上类似的非泡沫粘合剂组合物的敷料相比可节约费用,同时保持此类敷料中有必要使用的粘附和体特性。
发明内容
本发明涉及适于局部施用到身体上的敷料,所述敷料包括具有第一侧面和相对的第二侧面的载体基底;和施加到载体基底的第二侧面上的泡沫粘合剂组合物层。泡沫粘合剂组合物层包括基本上均匀分布的闭孔,所述闭孔中包含惰性气体。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及局部施用于身体或以其他方式被设置成与身体接触以在各种应用中使用的敷料。根据本发明的敷料包括但不限于用于伤口护理的粘合剂绷带,如用于施用到皮肤中的割伤和擦伤,以及女性卫生防护产品,如卫生巾和护垫。此类敷料将包括载体基底,该基底具有至少一个侧面,所述侧面施用了如本文所述的泡沫粘合剂组合物以形成粘合剂层,以用于将敷料相对于身体固定到位。粘合剂层将包含多个闭孔中包含的一定比例的惰性气体,所述孔基本上均匀分布在整个粘合剂层上。
可用于本发明敷料的泡沫粘合剂组合物可为具有多个闭孔的热熔融粘合剂,所述闭孔包含设置于其中的惰性气体并且基本上均匀分散于整个粘合剂上。所谓“基本上均匀分散”是指分散于泡沫粘合剂组合物或泡沫粘合剂层的任何部分(如,体积)中的闭孔的数目和体积大约相同。所谓“闭孔”是指孔大多彼此分离并且由连续粘合剂材料的明确/未受损的孔边界(即基本上连续的孔壁)界定,使得惰性气体包封并且保持在孔内。
泡沫粘合剂组合物中的闭孔可具有卵形、球形或圆形结构。泡沫粘合剂中的闭孔通常将具有约10微米或约5微米的最大孔尺寸,如最大平均孔直径。根据具体应用,孔尺寸可在约1至约10微米、或约2至约5微米的范围内。虽然泡沫粘合剂组合物可包括相对较少的一些开孔,但粘合剂组合物中的孔体积主要由闭孔构成。通常,粘合剂组合物和/或粘合剂层中的孔总数将包含小于10%的开孔,并且将包含约90%或更多的闭孔,并且甚至更通常地将包含约95%或更多的闭孔。
孔边界防止泡沫粘合剂闭孔中的惰性气体自由流动,从而仅允许极小渗透。此外,由于闭孔结构,在施加与向载体基底施用敷料相关联的压力时惰性气体将不容易从闭孔逸出。此外,泡沫粘合剂的闭孔性质提供高度有效的气密层、低湿气渗透性和极佳耐水性。
本发明所用的泡沫粘合剂组合物可基于用于制备常规敷料中所用粘合剂的材料,包括但不限于天然和/或合成橡胶和/或其他合成聚合物,诸如丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、聚烯烃、聚乙烯衍生物、聚酯或硅氧烷或者其共混物。必要或需要时粘合剂组合物也可包括适当添加剂,诸如粘合树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂以及其他辅助组分。
用于制备本发明中所用的粘合剂组合物的气体可为选自氮气、二氧化碳、稀有气体、烃类的惰性气体;和空气。就空气而言,可向粘合剂中添加抗氧化剂。由于气体的惰性性质,泡沫粘合剂中的粘合剂组合物和气体之间没有任何反应。
为了让泡沫粘合剂在预期应用中保持能有效用于本发明的敷料的本体粘合剂特性,以及为了保持足够的粘合剂特性,泡沫粘合剂需要制备成具有适当发泡程度。发泡程度,即分散和分布于整个粘合剂组合物内的气体比例(如体积),能够有效地为粘合剂层提供必要的粘合剂特性。用于根据本发明的敷料中的泡沫粘合剂组合物的发泡程度可为约15体积%至70体积%、或约20体积%至约60体积%、或约20体积%至40体积%。用于本发明的敷料中的泡沫粘合剂组合物的密度可在约0.14至0.80g/cm3、或约0.19至约0.55g/cm3、或约0.19至约0.38g/cm3的范围内。
在刚好高于粘合剂材料的软化点的温度下制备泡沫粘合剂。该温度可在约275℉至约375℉、或约300℉至约315℉的范围内。通常,要用于伤口护理中所用的敷料中的泡沫粘合剂的加工温度在约325℉至约350℉的范围内,并且对于要用于卫生防护中所用的敷料中的泡沫粘合剂而言,温度要稍低。混合在相对高速下进行。除了温度和混合速度,制备闭孔泡沫粘合剂组合物的其他条件必须能够有效地提供基本上均匀分散于其中的闭孔结构。
为了制备如上所述具有主导性闭孔的泡沫粘合剂,如本文所述采用制备泡沫粘合剂的特别合适的方法。在该方法中,首先在高于粘合剂熔点的温度下将压敏粘合剂熔融,然后在每个配备单个叶片的连续混合机中与不同体积比例(如10-80%)的干燥惰性气体(诸如氮气、空气或二氧化碳)在高压下混合。此类连续混合机由两个混合机构成,即粗混合机和细混合机,其能够产生闭孔。在高压(如约800至约1500psi)下将气体(如N2)泵入熔化粘合剂内,使得进行粗混的第一混合机中的粘合剂压力为大约40-100psi。随后将气体和熔化粘合剂的预混合物泵入第二混合机中,以便继续细混,以获得具有基本上均匀分布的闭孔的泡沫粘合剂。可将额外的气体任选添加到第二混合机中可根据需要使用额外的混合机将外部压力(即模具压力)保持在300-600psi。混合速度随设备不同而不同,但其必须足够高以在粘合剂中产生包含气体的基本上均匀分布的闭孔。示例性的混合速度为约100至约1000rpm。另外,为了保持孔的闭合性质,在进行气体和熔化粘合剂的混合以维持闭孔的温度下,熔化粘合剂的粘度应当在1,000-50,000cps范围内。通过隔热(即温度控制)管将泡沫粘合剂混合物转移至分配工位并且通过狭缝模具分配到载体基底上。狭槽模具可被设计成将各种图案分配到基底的表面,不管是在基底的整个还是部分区域上。
本发明所用的载体基底可为常规用于可使用本发明敷料的应用中的任何基底。将泡沫粘合剂施用到基底以便将敷料相对于施用敷料的身体的表面固定到位。载体基底将具有第一侧面和与第一侧面相对的第二侧面,其中泡沫粘合剂组合物施用到所述第二侧面以形成泡沫粘合剂层。粘合剂层可为连续的,即,覆盖其施用到的基底的第二侧面的基本上整个区域。粘合剂层也可为不连续的,在这种情况下可以某图案或围绕基底的第二侧面的周边等等施用泡沫粘合剂,从而具有粘性区域和非粘性区域。整个粘性区域必须足以将敷料固定到位。
就粘合剂绷带而言,其上具有泡沫粘合剂层的基底的第二侧面将直接设置于皮肤上,从而将绷带直接固定到皮肤。可将吸收垫施用到面向皮肤的粘合剂层的表面上,在这种情况下粘合剂层可用于将绷带粘附至皮肤,以及将吸收垫粘附至载体基底,如粘合剂绷带应用中常规使用的背衬层。
就卫生巾实施例而言,载体基底可结合其他吸收垫或层使用以便提供体液的必要吸收。随后将施用有泡沫粘合剂层的载体基底的第二侧面设置成接触内衣或其他衣物以将卫生巾固定到位。
基底可由织造或针织织物、弹性或非弹性材料、塑料膜、纸张、非织造织物、泡沫材料或其层合物制成。可用于制备载体基底的聚合物材料包括但不限于聚乙烯、聚烯烃膜、共挤出的聚烯烃膜、聚氨酯膜和PU/PVC泡沫背衬。在某些粘合剂绷带实施例中,载体基底可为平滑表面或开孔膜,诸如单挤出或共挤出的聚烯烃膜,如聚乙烯或聚丙烯、聚氨酯或其他薄膜。与由(例如)天然或合成纤维(诸如棉、人造丝、PET、尼龙、聚氨酯等)制成的织造或非织造柔性织物一样,其他基底包括粗糙的纹理化表面/形貌。在敷料为卫生巾的实施例中,载体基底可为膜,如聚乙烯,或非织造材料,如聚丙烯。
将整个范围内分布有闭孔的泡沫粘合剂组合物施用到载体基底的侧面,所述侧面将本发明的敷料相对于身体固定。如上所指出的,包含泡沫粘合剂层的侧面将粘合剂绷带固定到皮肤,同时包含泡沫粘合剂层的侧面将卫生巾或护垫固定到衣物。
如泡沫粘合剂组合物中一样,分布于整个泡沫粘合剂层的闭孔具有孔尺寸,该孔尺寸可在约1至约10微米、或约2至约5微米的范围内。在本发明的一些实施例中,由于将泡沫粘合剂组合物施用到载体基底,闭孔在结构上可伸长,在这种情况下孔尺寸可为孔的长度和/或宽度。在其他实施例中,闭孔在结构上可为卵形、球形或圆形,在这种情况下孔尺寸可为平均孔直径。在某些实施例中,孔尺寸具有约10微米的最大值,或在其他实施例中,孔尺寸具有约5微米的最大值。
泡沫粘合剂层的厚度可为约20至约200微米、或约30至约100微米。泡沫粘合剂层的厚度与平均孔尺寸的比率可为约0.005至约0.50、或约0.03至约0.1。泡沫粘合剂层可具有约20至约150g/m2、或约30至约100g/m2、或约30至约60g/m2范围内的基重。泡沫粘合剂层的密度可为约0.14至约0.80g/cm3、或约0.19至约0.55g/cm3、或约0.19至约0.38g/cm3
在本发明的粘合剂敷料的制备过程中,如本文所述的泡沫粘合剂组合物被涂布到载体基底的侧面上,所述侧面将使敷料相对于身体固定到位。
本发明的粘合剂敷料呈现出多个优势。第一,由于充满气体的闭孔的存在,大大减少了需要用于粘合剂层中的粘合剂的量并且不会对粘合剂层的粘附特性和体特性产生不利影响。这样由于实际使用的粘合剂组合物的量减少而为制造商大大节省了费用。另外,泡沫粘合剂层使粘合剂敷料有一种柔软平滑的感觉,从而在施用时提供改善的舒适度。
所述粘合剂敷料通常具有静态剪切为包括基本相同、或相同的载体基底以及基本上类似于泡沫粘合剂组合物的非泡沫粘合剂组合物层的粘合剂敷料的约20%至约80%的静态剪切。在某些实施例中,本发明的敷料的静态剪切为包括基本相同、或相同的载体基底以及基本上类似于泡沫粘合剂组合物的非泡沫粘合剂组合物层的粘合剂敷料的约60%或约80%的静态剪切。敷料可具有约100分钟或更大、或300分钟或更大、或约500分钟或更大、或1500分钟或更大的静态剪切,每一种均如本文下面利用500g静态负载所参照和描述的方法而确定。如权利要求中所示,所有静态剪切值均是在500g的静态负载下通过ASTM6463中所述的方法确定的。
实例1
将不具有泡沫的热熔融粘合剂组合物施用到两个不同的载体基底,一个为柔性、织造PET织物(对照物C1),并且另一个为具有PE的外部膜和设置在外部膜之间的PE/丙烯酸共混物膜的聚烯烃膜(对照物C2)。将不同发泡程度的热熔融粘合剂组合物施用到分别与C1和C2相同的基底。在大约160℃下将热熔融粘合剂施用到各种载体基底。随后分别利用标准测试方法ASTM3330F和ASTM6463对所得涂布基底C1、C2、1A、1B、1C和1D进行90℃粘附力和静态剪切测试。结果如下所示。
如结果所指示,具有包含约30和50%泡沫(按体积计)的泡沫粘合剂层的织造织物在500g的静态负载下分别呈现出308和195分钟的静态剪切。具有相同粘合剂层的聚烯烃膜呈现出不可测量的静态剪切。

Claims (21)

1.一种适于局部施用到身体上的敷料,包括:
具有第一侧面和相对的第二侧面的载体基底;和
施加到所述载体基底的所述第二侧面上的泡沫粘合剂层,
其中所述泡沫粘合剂层包括基本上均匀分布的闭孔,所述闭孔包含设置于其中的惰性气体,所述泡沫粘合剂层的发泡程度为按体积计20%至60%的所述惰性气体,
其中所述泡沫粘合剂层具有20至200微米的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述闭孔在结构上为卵形、球形、圆形或伸长的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述闭孔包括选自平均直径、长度和宽度的孔尺寸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的敷料,其中所述孔尺寸为1至10微米。
5.根据权利要求3所述的敷料,其中所述孔尺寸为2至5微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述泡沫粘合剂层具有30至100微米的厚度。
7.根据权利要求3所述的敷料,其中所述泡沫粘合剂层的所述厚度与所述孔尺寸的比率为0.005至0.50。
8.根据权利要求3所述的敷料,其中所述泡沫粘合剂层的所述厚度与所述闭孔的平均孔直径的比率为0.03至0.1。
9.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述泡沫粘合剂具有0.14至0.80g/cm3的密度。
10.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述泡沫粘合剂具有0.19至0.55g/cm3的密度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述惰性气体选自氮气、二氧化碳、稀有气体、烃类和空气。
12.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述泡沫粘合剂层包含按体积计20%至40%的所述惰性气体。
13.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其具有100分钟或更大的静态剪切。
14.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其具有300分钟或更大的静态剪切。
15.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其具有1500分钟或更大的静态剪切。
16.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述粘合剂层具有20至150g/m2的基重。
17.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述粘合剂层具有30至100g/m2的基重。
18.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述粘合剂层具有30至60g/m2的基重。
19.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述闭孔占所述粘合剂层中的孔的总数的90%或更多。
20.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述闭孔占所述粘合剂层中的孔的总数的95%或更多。
21.根据权利要求1所述的敷料,其中所述敷料是用于伤口护理的粘合剂绷带,具有泡沫粘合剂的所述载体基底的第二侧面将绷带直接固定到皮肤上。
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