CN103823927B - The array arrangement method of tracing type photovoltaic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the array arrangement method of a kind of tracing type photovoltaic equipment, its step includes: (1) sets up the threedimensional model of tracing type photovoltaic equipment；(2) rotation transformation model is set up；(3) the composite rotating transformation model of photovoltaic panel is determined；(4) choose shade and calculate key point；(5) the shade coordinate of key point is calculated；(6) draw the shadow positions trajectory that key point is annual, calculate the arranging distance of adjacent photovoltaic equipment；(7) the array arrangement result of photovoltaic apparatus is given.The present invention is in view of the shade computational complexity of tracing type photovoltaic equipment, construct the shade transformation matrix model under shining upon, calculate and draw out the annual shade trajectory of tracing type photovoltaic equipment key point, the array arrangement parameter of photovoltaic apparatus is calculated according to trajectory, obtain the minimum arranging distance under adjacent photovoltaic equipment room shadow-free blocks, reduce land seizure area and construction consumptive material that photovoltaic plant is built, improve installed capacity and the generating efficiency of photovoltaic plant.

Description

The array arrangement method of tracing type photovoltaic equipment

Technical field

The invention discloses the photovoltaic apparatus arrangement method of a kind of photovoltaic plant construction field, it is a kind of right to be specifically related to The method that tracing type photovoltaic equipment in photovoltaic plant process of construction carries out array arrangement.

Background technology

In the process of construction of photovoltaic plant, rationally arrangement photovoltaic power generation equipment is an important design objective, It will determine the installed capacity of photovoltaic plant, build consumptive material and land seizure area.Affect photovoltaic power generation equipment row The key factor of cloth scheme is the shadow occlusion between photovoltaic apparatus, and it can cause photovoltaic apparatus electric energy conversion efficiency Reduce.Though and simply increase the arranging distance between photovoltaic apparatus and can avoid shadow occlusion, but photovoltaic electric can be increased Construction land of standing and consumptive material consumption, reduce installed capacity.Therefore, on the premise of avoiding mutually blocking, find Reasonably photovoltaic apparatus arrangement is the core of the present invention.

For fixed type photovoltaic equipment, " Li Jie is intelligent, Liu Zuming, Li Jing at document for Li Jiehui, Liu Zuming et al. My god. photovoltaic arrays design [C] in fixed angle of solar battery system. Chinese Solar Energy Society Annual Conference collection of thesis [A]. Shanghai: Chinese Solar Energy Society .2003:326-328. " in when proposing with the Northern Hemisphere winter solstice morning 9 To photovoltaic apparatus unscreened array pitch computational methods between during afternoon 3, its process is to utilize solar azimuth public Shade when formula calculates the winter solstice morning 9 in the projection length of north orientation as the arranging distance of North and South direction array. Gu Juming document " Gu Juming. the research [J] of fixed type photovoltaic array component arrangement mode. China power technology. 2012,34 (S1): 89-95. " in the method that propose intelligent et al. to Li Jie extended, often arrange light by calculating The projected area of underlying surface plate square formation and the area ratio of this square formation, as shadow coefficient, so make the arrangement of square formation Spacing only latitude on-site to square formation, square formation arrangement inclination angle relevant, they have also made shadow on this basis Sub-Coefficient Look-up Table, simplifies calculating process.The method is easy to use, but still depends on intelligent et al. the institute of Li Jie The design concept proposed, restrictive condition is more.Wu Yongzhong document " Wu Yongzhong, Zou Lijun. photovoltaic plant is too Sun can the calculating [J] of array spacing. new forms of energy and technique .2011,1:39-40. " in propose with sun shadow Sub-multiplying power method calculates the array pitch of photovoltaic apparatus, and the method is the further letter that proposes method intelligent et al. to Li Jie Changing, its essence is the height with vertical rod of the North and South direction shadow length with horizontal plane upper pright stanchion is used for shadow times Rate, be then multiplied with shadow multiplying power acquisition photovoltaic array by the edge difference in height of North and South direction front and rear row photovoltaic apparatus Arranging distance.

Arrangement method for tracing type photovoltaic equipment is the most seldom seen in report.2011 Nian Li armies disclose A kind of arrangement method of oblique uniaxiality tracking formula photovoltaic apparatus, see " Li Jun. shadow computational methods [2011-04-07] ", Its basic thought is that the arrangement method to fixed type photovoltaic equipment improves, and first finds particular moment adjacent photovoltaic Difference in height between photovoltaic panel in equipment, recycling shadow coefficient calculations photovoltaic panel is in east-west direction and north and south The shadow length in direction, between the projected length of the most additional photovoltaic panel self is as the arrangement between neighbouring device Away from.The annual shade situation of change of photovoltaic panel is not analyzed, simply by photovoltaic panel by the method Long and the wide calculating carrying out photovoltaic array arrangement as the foundation finding difference in height, its design result is coarse, separate unit Occupation area of equipment is relatively big, causes the installed capacity in certain construction land too small.

In sum, the existing arrangement method of photovoltaic apparatus is most for fixed type photovoltaic equipment, all uses Shadow length during the winter solstice morning 9 is as the foundation of array arrangement.Only have Li Jun propose a kind of tiltedly single shaft with The arrangement method of track formula photovoltaic apparatus, it is possible to calculate the spacing needed for the arrangement of multiple stage tracking mode equipment array, but It does not has the variations of annual situation of analytical equipment shade, and estimation result is coarse, and the arranging distance drawn is excessive, fall Installed capacity under low unit land area.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the array of photovoltaic apparatus when photovoltaic plant is built rationally arrange problem, it is proposed that a kind of with The array arrangement method of track formula photovoltaic apparatus.The shade that tracing type photovoltaic equipment is annual can be changed by the method Situation carries out analogue simulation, thus provides the minimum spacing measuring and calculating side of adjacent photovoltaic equipment room thing and North and South direction Method, determines the arrangement of tracing type photovoltaic equipment, and the program ensure that photovoltaic apparatus is following the tracks of the operation period In do not block mutually, and arranging distance minimum.

The array arrangement method of a kind of tracing type photovoltaic equipment, comprises the following steps:

Step one, sets up the threedimensional model of tracing type photovoltaic equipment: under three-dimensional modeling environment, defines XYZ Rectangular coordinate system in space, wherein X-axis forward is due east, and Z axis forward is due south, X-axis and Z axis determine Plane parallel to the ground, Y-axis is perpendicular to X-axis and Z axis, and the initial point of coordinate system is defined as photovoltaic panel Fulcrum, set up the threedimensional model of tracing type photovoltaic equipment；

Step 2, sets up rotational transformation matrix model: using following rotational transformation matrix, wherein θ is for rotating ginseng Number angle, R_X、R_Y、R_ZIt is respectively the photovoltaic panel rotational transformation matrix around X, Y, Z axis；

$R_X=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& \sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& -\sin \mathrm{\θ}& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right],$ $R_Y=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0& -\sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ \sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right],$ $R_Z=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\cos \mathrm{\θ}& \sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0& 0\\ -\sin \mathrm{\θ}& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$

Step 3, determines the composite rotating matrix model of photovoltaic panel: according to the tracking mode of photovoltaic apparatus, really Determine the direction of rotation of photovoltaic panel, and then determine that the composite rotating transformation matrix R, R of photovoltaic panel are R_X、 R_Y、R_ZIn one or more combination；

Step 4, chooses the key point that shade calculates: select all borders angle point of photovoltaic panel as shade meter The key point calculated, is designated as V (V_x,V_y,V_z)；

Step 5, calculates the shade coordinate of key point, specific as follows:

Step S50, according to elevation angle and the azimuth of the sun, calculates the direction vector of the sun: set altitude of the sun Angle is α, and azimuth is β, its computational methods such as following formula, whereinFor the on-site latitude of photovoltaic plant, δ and ω is respectively declination angle and hour angle；

The direction vector of the note sun is S=[S_x,S_y,S_z], then have:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{S}_x=\cos \mathrm{\α}\·\sin \mathrm{\β}\\ S_y=\sin \mathrm{\α}\\ S_z=\cos \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\β}\end{array}\right.$

Step S51, a utilization point French structure ground level equation: the some normal equation such as following formula of ground level, wherein N=[N_x,N_y,N_z] it is the normal vector of ground level, x, y, z are equation parameter, N_wFor constant term；

N_x×x+N_y×y+N_z×z+N_w=0

Step S52, the calculation relational expression between structure key point and its shadow spots: according to the direction vector S of the sun Key point projective transformation matrix M on the ground is constructed with the normal vector N of ground level；

$M=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{N}_y{S}_y+N_z{S}_z& -N_y{S}_x& -N_z{S}_x& -N_w{S}_x\\ -N_x{S}_y& N_x{S}_x+N_z{S}_z& -N_z{S}_y& -N_w{S}_y\\ -N_x{S}_z& -N_y{S}_z& N_x{S}_x+N_y{S}_y& -N_w{S}_z\\ 0& 0& 0& N_x{S}_x+N_y{S}_y+N_z{S}_z\end{array}\right]$

By projective transformation matrix M and composite rotating transformation matrix R, key point V (V can be obtained_x,V_y,V_z) with its Ground shadow spots V'(V_x',V_y',V_z') between calculation relational expression be V'=M R V；

Step 6, draws the shadow positions trajectory that key point is annual, calculates the spacing of adjacent photovoltaic equipment, tool Body is as follows:

Step S60, draws shadow positions trajectory: under three-dimensional modeling environment, according to the tracking of photovoltaic apparatus Run initial time, calculate the shade of all key points on separate unit photovoltaic panel according to relational expression V'=M R V and sit Mark, draws out the shadow positions trajectory that each key point is annual；

Step S61, calculates the east-west direction minimum spacing of adjacent photovoltaic equipment: set separate unit photovoltaic panel east side Shade trajectory and west side shade trajectory are respectively f_E(z) and f_WZ (), remembers f_EThe seat of (z) upper any two points It is designated as (x_E1,z_E1) and (x_E2,z_E2), f_WZ the coordinate of () upper any two points is (x_W1,z_W1) and (x_W2,z_W2), then Have:

$f_E\left(z\right)=\frac{x_{E2}-x_{E1}}{z_{E2}-z_{E1}}(z-z_{E1})+x_{E1}$

$f_W\left(z\right)=\frac{x_{W2}-x_{W1}}{z_{W2}-z_{W1}}(z-z_{W1})+x_{W1}$

Work as f_E(z) and f_WWhen z value in () is identical z, can obtain between the minimum of east-west direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment Away from:

d_EW=f_E(z)-f_W(z)

Step S62, calculates the minimum spacing of adjacent photovoltaic equipment North and South direction: set on separate unit photovoltaic panel all In key point shade trajectory, southernmost end points is respectively z with the Z axis coordinate of end points northernmost_SAnd z_N, then The minimum spacing of North and South direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment is:

d_NS=z_S-z_N

Step 7, provides the array arrangement result of photovoltaic apparatus: with adjacent photovoltaic equipment room thing minimum spacing d_EWMinimum spacing d with North and South direction_NS, photovoltaic is set by the construction place shape and size in conjunction with photovoltaic plant For carrying out array arrangement.

Further, the photovoltaic apparatus tracking mode described in step 3 includes following four, is combined it respectively Rotational transformation matrix R is illustrated:

1. the flat uniaxiality tracking of east-west direction, i.e. photovoltaic panel turn about the Z axis, if solar hour angle is ω, now R_Z In θ be solar hour angle, i.e. θ=ω, then have R=R_Z；

2. the flat uniaxiality tracking of North and South direction, i.e. photovoltaic panel turn about the X axis, if sun altitude is α, now R_XIn θ be sun altitude, i.e. θ=α, then have R=R_X；

3. tiltedly single axle is followed the tracks of, i.e. photovoltaic panel first turns about the X axis a fixed angle μ, further around Z axis Rotate, now R_XIn θ=μ, R_ZIn θ=ω, then have R=R_Z·R_X；

4. twin axle is followed the tracks of, i.e. photovoltaic panel also rotates around X-axis while Y-axis rotates, if solar azimuth Angle is β, now R_XIn θ=α, R_YIn θ=β, then have R=R_Y·R_X。

Further, described three-dimensional modeling environment is OpenGL environment.

Compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that

First, traditional arrangement method only for fixed type photovoltaic equipment, only calculate morning 9 winter solstice up under The unscreened situation of photovoltaic apparatus between during noon 3, the present invention then solves the dynamic of tracing type photovoltaic equipment shade Computational problem, can calculate the shadow positions of any time, and computational accuracy is greatly improved.

Second, the present invention is when designing equipment arrangement, it is contemplated that the variations of annual situation of photovoltaic panel shade, And the spacing of photovoltaic apparatus array arrangement is precisely calculated, it is possible to ensure between adjacent photovoltaic equipment Running in the period unobstructed following the tracks of, and arranging distance is minimum, can effectively save photovoltaic plant build in soil Take and build consumptive material, improve installed capacity and the generating efficiency of photovoltaic plant, increase economic efficiency.

3rd, owing to there is no shadow occlusion in following the tracks of the operation period between the photovoltaic apparatus of present invention arrangement, because of This can be effectively improved the luminous energy receiving efficiency of photovoltaic apparatus.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the XYZ space rectangular coordinate system schematic diagram of threedimensional model；

Fig. 3 (a) is the three-dimensional model diagram of photovoltaic apparatus；

Fig. 3 (b) is the key point schematic diagram on photovoltaic panel；

Fig. 4 is the formation basic theory schematic diagram of shadow of object；

Fig. 5 is horizontal system of coordinates schematic diagram；

Fig. 6 is key point projected footprint line schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 (a) is thing and the North and South direction spacing schematic diagram of adjacent photovoltaic equipment；

Fig. 7 (b) is that east-west direction minimum spacing calculates schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 (c) is that North and South direction minimum spacing calculates schematic diagram；

Fig. 8 (a) is the simulation result figure that photovoltaic apparatus is arranged by the present invention the winter solstice 9；

Fig. 8 (b) is the simulation result figure that photovoltaic apparatus is arranged by the present invention the winter solstice 12；

Fig. 8 (c) is the simulation result figure that photovoltaic apparatus is arranged by the present invention the winter solstice 15；

Fig. 9 (a) is the simulation result figure that photovoltaic apparatus is arranged by the method for contrast experiment the winter solstice 9；

Fig. 9 (b) is the simulation result figure that photovoltaic apparatus is arranged by the method for contrast experiment the winter solstice 12；

Fig. 9 (c) is the simulation result figure that photovoltaic apparatus is arranged by the method for contrast experiment the winter solstice 15；

Detailed description of the invention

With reference to Fig. 1, the array arrangement method of a kind of tracing type photovoltaic equipment, comprise the following steps:

Step one, sets up the threedimensional model of tracing type photovoltaic equipment: under OpenGL environment, and definition is such as Fig. 2 Shown XYZ space rectangular coordinate system, its X-axis forward is due east, and Z axis forward is due south, by X-axis and The plane that Z axis determines is parallel to the ground, and Y-axis is perpendicular to X-axis and Z axis, is defined as by the initial point of coordinate system The fulcrum of photovoltaic panel.Further according to the tracing type photovoltaic unit type selected by photovoltaic plant construction, obtain photovoltaic The type of attachment of equipment, each to parameters such as size, angle of inclination, backing positions and height, carry out three-dimensional modeling；

Step 2, sets up rotational transformation matrix model.Provide photovoltaic apparatus as follows rotating around X, Y, Z axis Rotational transformation matrix R_X、R_Y、R_Z, wherein θ is rotation parameter angle；

$R_X=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& \sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& -\sin \mathrm{\θ}& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right],$ $R_Y=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0& -\sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ \sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right],$ $R_Z=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\cos \mathrm{\θ}& \sin \mathrm{\θ}& 0& 0\\ -\sin \mathrm{\θ}& \cos \mathrm{\θ}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$

Step 3, determines the composite rotating transformation matrix model of photovoltaic panel.According to the tracking mode of photovoltaic apparatus, Determine the direction of rotation of photovoltaic panel, and then determine that the composite rotating transformation matrix R, R of photovoltaic panel are R_X、 R_Y、R_ZIn one or more combination；

Photovoltaic apparatus tracking mode includes following four, respectively the composite rotating transformation matrix to every kind of tracking mode It is illustrated:

1. the flat uniaxiality tracking of east-west direction, i.e. photovoltaic panel turn about the Z axis, if solar hour angle is ω, now R_Z In θ be solar hour angle, i.e. θ=ω, then have R=R_Z；

2. the flat uniaxiality tracking of North and South direction, i.e. photovoltaic panel turn about the X axis, if sun altitude is α, now R_XIn θ be sun altitude, i.e. θ=α, then have R=R_X；

3. tiltedly single axle is followed the tracks of, i.e. photovoltaic panel first turns about the X axis a fixed angle μ, further around Z axis Rotate, now R_XIn θ=μ, R_ZIn θ=ω, then have R=R_Z·R_X；

4. twin axle is followed the tracks of, i.e. photovoltaic panel also rotates around X-axis while Y-axis rotates, if solar azimuth Angle is β, now R_XIn θ=α, R_YIn θ=β, then have R=R_Y·R_X；

Step 4, the shadow outline projected on ground level due to photovoltaic panel can be by connecting photovoltaic panel limit Angle point projection on the ground in boundary's obtains, and therefore, selects all borders angle point of photovoltaic panel as shade respectively The key point calculated, is designated as V (V_x,V_y,V_z)；

Step 5, calculates the shade coordinate of key point, specific as follows:

Step S50, calculates the direction vector S=[S of the sun_x,S_y,S_z]:

As shown in Figure 4, the formation of shade at least needs three factors, light λ, object P and perspective plane γ ( Plane).One object, only under the irradiation of light, has sheltered from another object (projection at the object back side Face γ), just can shading P' on object overleaf.On this basis, the sun, photovoltaic panel are constructed And the shade transformation matrix between ground, it is possible to the shadow positions of photovoltaic panel is calculated.

As it is shown in figure 5, according to description to the horizontal system of coordinates in celestial sphere theory, the orientation of the sun is by its elevation angle α determines with azimuthal angle beta, computational methods such as formula (1), whereinFor local latitude, it is red that δ and ω is respectively the sun Latitude angle and hour angle.

After α and β is converted to the direction vector of vector form, just can substitute in matrix and carry out computing.If the sun Direction vector be S=[S_x,S_y,S_z], solar distance is d, by the conversion of spheric coordinate system Yu rectangular coordinate system Relation, can obtain sunny direction vector S, obtains the unit direction vector such as formula (2) of the sun after normalized；

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{S}_x=\cos \mathrm{\α}\·\sin \mathrm{\β}\\ S_y=\sin \mathrm{\α}\\ S_z=\cos \mathrm{\α}\·\cos \mathrm{\β}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

Step S51, utilizes some French structure ground level equation such as formula (3), wherein N=[N_x,N_y,N_z] it is ground level Normal vector, this normal vector can be tried to achieve by ground level any 3, and x, y, z are equation parameter, N_wFor constant；

N_x×x+N_y×y+N_z×z+N_w=0 (3)

Step S52, the calculation relational expression between structure key point and its shadow spots.

When shining upon object, the shade of object can regard light as along object edge point V throwing as shown in Figure 4 It is mapped to ground and forms the result of subpoint V'.Therefore, when calculating the shade of photovoltaic panel, can first be calculated it The shadow spots coordinate of each border angle point, then its shadow region of line composition.According to the operation relation between vector, Obtain the relation such as formula (4) of shadow spots V' and spatial point V.

V'=V+kS (4) Owing to V' is on the γ of perspective plane, then there is formula (5).

N_x×V_x'+N_y×V_y'+N_z×V_z'+N_w=0 i.e. V'N=0 (5) Formula (4) is substituted into formula (5), obtains formula (6).

$k=-\frac{V\·N}{S\·N}---\left(6\right)$

Again formula (6) is substituted into formula (4), and each point and vector are replaced to homogeneous coordinates form, after abbreviation, obtain formula (7).

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{V_x}^{\′}\\ {V_y}^{\′}\\ {V_z}^{\′}\\ 1\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{N}_y{S}_y+N_z{S}_z& -N_y{S}_x& -N_z{S}_x& -N_w{S}_x\\ -N_x{S}_y& N_x{S}_x+N_z{S}_z& -N_z{S}_y& -N_w{S}_y\\ -N_x{S}_z& -N_y{S}_z& N_x{S}_x+N_y{S}_y& -N_w{S}_z\\ 0& 0& 0& N_x{S}_x+N_y{S}_y+N_z{S}_z\end{array}\right]\·\left[\begin{array}{c}{V}_x\\ V_y\\ V_z\\ 1\end{array}\right]---\left(7\right)$

Obviously, the projective transformation matrix under shining upon in formula is M:

$M=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{N}_y{S}_y+N_z{S}_z& -N_y{S}_x& -N_z{S}_x& -N_w{S}_x\\ -N_x{S}_y& N_x{S}_x+N_z{S}_z& -N_z{S}_y& -N_w{S}_y\\ -N_x{S}_z& -N_y{S}_z& N_x{S}_x+N_y{S}_y& -N_w{S}_z\\ 0& 0& 0& N_x{S}_x+N_y{S}_y+N_z{S}_z\end{array}\right]$

Considering that the panel of tracing type photovoltaic equipment is also rotated, the composite rotating in conjunction with photovoltaic panel becomes Change matrix R, obtain key point V (V_x,V_y,V_z) and its subpoint V'(V on the ground_x',V_y',V_z') between calculating close Be formula be V'=M R V.

Owing to elevation angle and the azimuth of the sun can change along with the passage of season and time, and photovoltaic panel Rotate as well as following the tracks of the moment, just can be calculated all key points on any time photovoltaic panel by this formula Shadow spots coordinate on the ground；

Step 6, draws the annual shadow positions trajectory of key point, determines the spacing of adjacent photovoltaic equipment.

Step S60, if (being determined between the sun transit time of location of the machine to be installed being at 12 by the true solar time Clocking method) timing, the shade that in a day, photovoltaic panel is formed on ground level runs initial in tracking and terminates Moment is the longest, and is distributed with high noon for axial symmetry, when therefore photovoltaic apparatus carries out arrangement design, only needs to ensure Adjacent photovoltaic equipment initial time shadow-free blocks.At OpenGL three-dimensional modeling environment, according to key point Relational expression V'=M R V between V and subpoint V' on the ground thereof, calculates separate unit photovoltaic apparatus light underlying surface The annual initial time shade projection point coordinates of all key points on plate, so that it may draw out shade trajectory, such as figure Shown in 6, all trajectories are straight line, and are parallel to each other；

Step S61, chooses east side and two shade trajectories in west side, calculates the east of adjacent photovoltaic equipment West is to minimum spacing.As shown in Fig. 7 (a), L₁、L₂With L₃、L₄It is respectively thing adjacent photovoltaic equipment The shade trajectory on border, thing both sides, it is seen then that the spacing of east-west direction neighbouring device is L₁With L₃Or L₂ With L₄Between east-west direction spacing d_EW, when border shade trajectory L₂With L₃During coincidence, d_EWReach Little, now d_EWIt is the minimum spacing between east-west direction neighbouring device.Due to L₂With L₃Overlap, such as figure Shown in 7 (b), photovoltaic apparatus distance computation adjacent for thing can be reduced to calculate separate unit photovoltaic apparatus east side cloudy Shadow trajectory f_E(z) and west side shade trajectory f_WThe east-west direction spacing of (z), method for solving is as follows:

Under OpenGL coordinate system, X-axis and Z axis the plane determined is parallel to the ground, and Y-axis represents light The height of underlying surface board mount, because only calculating ground shade trajectory, therefore Y-axis coordinate can be ignored, only Coordinate in X-axis and Z axis is calculated.Owing to shade trajectory is straight line, it is to be done by key point to revolve Turn and after projective transformation, the serial coordinate points that draws is drawn and formed, just therefore choose in trajectory any two point coordinates The equation of shade trajectory can be given.

As shown in Fig. 7 (b), remember f_EZ the coordinate of () upper any two points is (x_E1,z_E1) and (x_E2,z_E2), f_WOn (z) The coordinate of any two points is (x_W1,z_W1) and (x_W2,z_W2), then have:

$f_E\left(z\right)=\frac{x_{E2}-x_{E1}}{z_{E2}-z_{E1}}(z-z_{E1})+x_{E1}$

$f_W\left(z\right)=\frac{x_{W2}-x_{W1}}{z_{W2}-z_{W1}}(z-z_{W1})+x_{W1}$

Work as f_E(z) and f_WWhen z value in () is identical z, can obtain between the minimum of east-west direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment Away from:

d_EW=f_E(z)-f_W(z)

Step S62, chooses southernmost end points and northernmost end points in all shade trajectories, calculates adjacent photovoltaic Equipment North and South direction minimum spacing d_NS.As shown in Fig. 7 (a), when trajectory L₁Or L₃End points northernmost with During the end points coincidence southernmost of the shade trajectory of north orientation adjacent photovoltaic panel, between North and South direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment Away from d_NSMinimum.Similarly, as shown in Fig. 7 (c), can by North and South direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment room away from calculating letter Turn to calculate southernmost end end points S in single device all shades trajectory_maxEnd points N northernmost_maxDistance.

According to the coordinate system set in step one, Z axis represents North and South direction.If in all shade trajectories, South end points is respectively z with the Z axis coordinate of end points northernmost_SAnd z_N, then North and South direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment Minimum spacing is:

d_NS=z_S-z_N

Step 7, between the adjacent photovoltaic equipment calculated, the minimum arranging distance of thing and North and South direction is for ginseng Number, then with determining the array arrangement of photovoltaic apparatus according to the place shape and size of photovoltaic plant, wherein, The floor space of separate unit photovoltaic apparatus is A₀=d_EW×d_NS。

The installed capacity W of photovoltaic plant can be calculated by following formula, wherein, and P_eSpecified for photovoltaic apparatus Generated output, A is photovoltaic plant floor space, A₀Construction land area for single device.

$W=\frac{A}{A_0}\×P_e$

Embodiment:

As a example by the power plant construction of certain oblique uniaxiality tracking formula photovoltaic apparatus, the present invention program is illustrated.

1. set up the threedimensional model of tracing type photovoltaic equipment:

The photovoltaic panel of this equipment is made up of 16 pieces of photovoltaic modulies, uses axis 6 pieces, each 5 pieces of both sides right Claim type of attachment；Its North and South direction greatest length is 6.214 meters, and east-west direction greatest length is 5.794 meters, The pillar height away from ground in the north is 3.728 meters, tilts 35 degree of installations towards due south.Its three-dimensional modeling effect As shown in Fig. 3 (a).

2. the method for operation of tracing type photovoltaic equipment is set:

Owing to the photovoltaic panel of this equipment tilts 35 degree of installations towards due south, i.e. represent the XYZ at three-dimensional modeling Have rotated 35 degree around X-axis, i.e. R under rectangular coordinate system in space_XIn θ=35；Follow the tracks of during running Battery panel is followed the hour angle of the sun and is rotated, and rotates the most about the z axis, then R_ZIn θ=ω；To sum up light underlying surface The composite rotating transformation matrix R=R of plate_Z·R_X。

3. choose shade calculate key point:

The border angle point on battery panel is selected, such as figure according to the photovoltaic apparatus threedimensional model that step 1 is set up A～H in 3 (b) calculates key point as shade.

4. the shade coordinate of calculating key point:

This photovoltaic plant is built in Dunhuang, and this place is positioned at north latitude 40.1 degree, east longitude 94.7 degree, it is desirable to photovoltaic sets Shadow occlusion is not had each other for (9 o'clock to 15 o'clock true solar time) in 6 hours that every day, tracking ran. Under OpenGL environment, utilize the relation V'=M R V between key point V and shadow spots V' on the ground thereof Calculate, the shadow spots coordinate of every day 9 that calculates key point in a year.

5. draw key point shade trajectory, the minimum spacing of calculating adjacent photovoltaic equipment:

The key point shade whole year coordinate obtained in step 4 is drawn out, obtains the shade trajectory of key point, Choose the most eastern and west side two border shade trajectories, such as the f in Fig. 7 (b)_E(z) and f_WZ (), appoints and takes Two groups of coordinates in two shade trajectories, according to formula d_EW=f_E(z)-f_WZ () can obtain east-west direction equipment room Minimum spacing be 8.4 meters.Such as S in Fig. 7 (c)_maxAnd N_maxFor 2 points of North and South direction lie farthest away, according to Formula d_NS=z_S-z_NThe north and south minimum spacing that can obtain equipment room is 20.5 meters.

6. pair photovoltaic apparatus carries out array arrangement:

If Fig. 8 (a), Fig. 8 (b), Fig. 8 (c) are that photovoltaic apparatus is in winter solstice 9 point, 12 points, the array of 15 Arrangement simulation result figure, wherein thing spacing is 8.4 meters, and north and south spacing is 20.5 meters, it can be seen that in the whole year Follow the tracks of in the period, even if there is no overlap between the shade of the longest winter solstice neighbouring device photovoltaic panel of shade, I.e. do not have shadow occlusion between battery panel, and its arranging distance has reached minimum.Wherein, separate unit is followed the tracks of The land seizure area of formula photovoltaic apparatus is 172.2(=8.4 × 20.5) square metre.Assume that photovoltaic plant takes up an area face Amassing is 20,000 square metres, and the rated generation power of photovoltaic apparatus used by power plant construction is 3.52 kilowatts, then can obtain Photovoltaic plant installed capacity is 408.32(=[20000/172.2] × 3.52) kilowatt.

Contrast experiment:

The present invention can be further illustrated by following experiment.

The oblique uniaxiality tracking formula photovoltaic apparatus arrangement method proposed in " the shadow computational methods " of Li Jun is as right Ratio experimental technique, its calculation procedure is as follows:

(1) set the latitude in power plant construction place asThe declination angle of the sun and hour angle are δ and ω, according to specifically In embodiment, the formula in step S50 (1) calculates elevation angle α and the azimuthal angle beta of the sun；

(2) the long coefficient of shadow is calculated: thing shadow long coefficient C_EWCoefficient C long with north and south shadow_NSCalculating formula the most such as Under.

$C_{\mathrm{EW}}=\frac{\cos \mathrm{\δ}\·\sin \mathrm{\ω}}{\sin \mathrm{\α}}$

(3) array pitch calculates:

If a length of s of photovoltaic panel east-west direction, a length of l of North and South direction, photovoltaic panel is μ towards the inclination angle in due south, Then east-west direction spacing d of tracing type photovoltaic equipment_EWSpacing d with North and South direction_NSCalculating formula is respectively as follows:

d_EW=C_EW·(l·sinμ+s·sinω)+s·cosω

$d_{\mathrm{NS}}=\frac{C_{\mathrm{NS}}\·l\·\sin \mathrm{\μ}}{1+C_{\mathrm{NS}}\·\tan \mathrm{\β}\·\tan \mathrm{\ω}}+l\·\cos \mathrm{\μ}$

Use the method for above-mentioned Li Jun and the method for the present invention to the oblique uniaxiality tracking formula photovoltaic apparatus in embodiment Carry out arrangement design, respectively " single device floor space " and " the same construction use of two kinds of arrangement of measuring and calculating Installed capacity under ground area ".Contrast experiment and being analyzed as follows:

Experiment one, single device floor space contrast experiment.

The method using Li Jun to propose calculates according to the construction condition in embodiment, can obtain setting of east-west direction Standby spacing is 24.8 meters, and the equipment room of North and South direction is away from for 15.5 meters, and its single device floor space is 384.4 (=24.8 × 15.5) square metre, Fig. 9 (a), Fig. 9 (b), Fig. 9 (c) are respectively " the shadow meter that Li Jun proposes Calculation method " to photovoltaic apparatus winter solstice 9 point, 12 points, 15 array arrangement simulation result figure.With this Simulation result Fig. 8 (a), Fig. 8 (b), Fig. 8 (c) that invention obtains contrast, it can be seen that with " shadow calculating side Method " the tracing type photovoltaic equipment arranging distance that draws is excessive, by contrast, ratio of the present invention " shadow computational methods " In arrangement mode Economization on land area about 55.2%(=[384.4-172.2] ÷ 384.4), there is clear superiority.

Experiment two, photovoltaic plant installed capacity contrast experiment.

Assume that photovoltaic plant floor space is 20,000 square metres, the rated generation merit of photovoltaic apparatus used by power plant construction Rate is 3.52 kilowatts, it is desirable to do not have shade to hide each other in 6 hours of photovoltaic apparatus tracking every day operation Gear.If photovoltaic plant building site is selected in the Nanning of north latitude 22.82 degree, the inventive method is used to try to achieve adjacent light The east-west direction spacing of volt equipment is 7.7 meters, and North and South direction spacing is 15.4 meters, then the occupation of land face of single device Long-pending 88.55 square metres, installed capacity be 792 kilowatts.The method using Li Jun can be calculated, and adjacent photovoltaic sets Standby east-west direction spacing is 15.4 meters, and North and South direction spacing is 10 meters, and the floor space of single device is 154 Square metre, installed capacity be 454 kilowatts.The inventive method method than Li Jun promotes the ratio of installed capacity:

$\frac{792-454}{792}=42.7\%$

Selecting Hangzhou, China four additional representativeness place, Xi'an, Yinchuan and Urumchi, it is identical right to carry out Than calculate, result is as shown in table 1, it is seen that under the same conditions, the inventive method substantially than Li Jun method joint Province soil, more photovoltaic apparatus of arranging in the case of identical construction land, installed capacity enhancing rate reaches More than 42%, it is effectively improved the generating efficiency of photovoltaic plant, there is broad applicability.

Table 1 different regions installed capacity comparing result

Claims (2)

1. the array arrangement method of a tracing type photovoltaic equipment, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

Step one; set up the threedimensional model of tracing type photovoltaic equipment: under three-dimensional modeling environment; definition XYZ space rectangular coordinate system; wherein X-axis forward is due east; Z axis forward is due south, X-axis and Z axis the plane determined is parallel to the ground, and Y-axis is perpendicular to X-axis and Z axis; the initial point of coordinate system is defined as the fulcrum of photovoltaic panel, sets up the threedimensional model of tracing type photovoltaic equipment；

Step 2, sets up rotation transformation model: using following rotational transformation matrix, wherein θ is rotation parameter angle, R_X、R_Y、R_ZIt is respectively the photovoltaic panel rotational transformation matrix around X, Y, Z axis；

Step 3, determines the composite rotating transformation model of photovoltaic panel: according to the tracking mode of photovoltaic apparatus, determines the direction of rotation of photovoltaic panel, and then determines the composite rotating transformation matrix R of photovoltaic panel, has a following four situation:

1. the flat uniaxiality tracking of east-west direction, i.e. photovoltaic panel turn about the Z axis, if solar hour angle is ω, now R_ZIn θ be solar hour angle, i.e. θ=ω, then have R=R_Z；

2. the flat uniaxiality tracking of North and South direction, i.e. photovoltaic panel turn about the X axis, if sun altitude is α, now R_XIn θ be sun altitude, i.e. θ=α, then have R=R_X；

3. tiltedly single axle is followed the tracks of, i.e. photovoltaic panel first turns about the X axis a fixed angle μ, then turns about the Z axis, now R_XIn θ=μ, R_ZIn θ=ω, then have R=R_Z·R_X；

4. twin axle is followed the tracks of, i.e. photovoltaic panel also rotates around X-axis while Y-axis rotates, if solar azimuth is β, now R_XIn θ=α, R_YIn θ=β, then have R=R_Y·R_X；

Step 4, chooses the key point that shade calculates: select the key point that calculates as shade of all borders angle point of photovoltaic panel, be designated as V (V_x,V_y,V_z)；

Step 5, calculates the shade coordinate of key point, specific as follows:

Step S50, according to elevation angle and the azimuth of the sun, calculates the direction vector of the sun: setting sun altitude as α, azimuth is β, its computational methods such as following formula, whereinFor the on-site latitude of photovoltaic plant, δ and ω is respectively declination angle and hour angle；

The direction vector of the note sun is S=[S_x,S_y,S_z], then have:

Step S51, a utilization point French structure ground level equation: the some normal equation such as following formula of ground level, wherein N=[N_x,N_y,N_z] it is the normal vector of ground level, x, y, z are equation parameter, N_wFor constant term；

N_x×x+N_y×y+N_z×z+N_w=0

Step S52, the calculation relational expression between structure key point and its shadow spots: construct key point projective transformation matrix M on the ground according to the direction vector S of the sun and the normal vector N of ground level；

By projective transformation matrix M and composite rotating transformation matrix R, key point V (V can be obtained_x,V_y,V_z) and its shadow spots V'(V on the ground_x',V_y',V_z') between calculation relational expression be V'=M R V；

Step 6, draws the shadow positions trajectory that key point is annual, calculates the spacing of adjacent photovoltaic equipment, specific as follows:

Step S60; draw shadow positions trajectory: under three-dimensional modeling environment; run initial time according to the tracking of photovoltaic apparatus, calculate the shade coordinate of all key points on separate unit photovoltaic panel according to relational expression V'=M R V, draw out the shadow positions trajectory that each key point is annual；

Step S61, calculates the east-west direction minimum spacing of adjacent photovoltaic equipment: set separate unit photovoltaic panel east side shade trajectory and be respectively f with west side shade trajectory_E(z) and f_WZ (), remembers f_EZ the coordinate of () upper any two points is (x_E1,z_E1) and (x_E2,z_E2), f_WZ the coordinate of () upper any two points is (x_W1,z_W1) and (x_W2,z_W2), then have:

Work as f_E(z) and f_WWhen z value in () is identical z, the minimum spacing of east-west direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment can be obtained:

d_EW=f_E(z)-f_W(z)

Step S62, calculates the minimum spacing of adjacent photovoltaic equipment North and South direction: set on separate unit photovoltaic panel in all key point shade trajectories, and southernmost end points is respectively z with the Z axis coordinate of end points northernmost_SAnd z_N, then the minimum spacing of North and South direction adjacent photovoltaic equipment is:

d_NS=z_S-z_N

Step 7, provides the array arrangement result of photovoltaic apparatus: with minimum spacing d of adjacent photovoltaic equipment room east-west direction_EWMinimum spacing d with North and South direction_NS, the construction place shape and size in conjunction with photovoltaic plant carry out array arrangement to photovoltaic apparatus.

2. the array arrangement method of tracing type photovoltaic equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described three-dimensional modeling environment is OpenGL environment.