CN103822555A - Blasting method in reinforcing and reconstructing construction of hydraulic engineering - Google Patents
Blasting method in reinforcing and reconstructing construction of hydraulic engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN103822555A CN103822555A CN201410071914.7A CN201410071914A CN103822555A CN 103822555 A CN103822555 A CN 103822555A CN 201410071914 A CN201410071914 A CN 201410071914A CN 103822555 A CN103822555 A CN 103822555A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a blasting method in a reinforcing and reconstructing construction of hydraulic engineering. Partial structures in an original building need to be necessarily disassembled during reinforcing and reconstructing engineering construction, and blasting demolition can be adopted on the partial structures. The blasting of a demolition body part mainly adopts a control blasting technology. The control blasting is used for reasonably determining the positions, the hole distance, the hole depths of blasting holes, the explosive amount and an initiation manner according to certain technological measures, strictly controlling the blasting energy and the blasting scale, and enabling the blasting sound, the blasting vibration, a destruction area and a scattering degree range and a dumping direction of broken objects to be controlled within a specified limit. The influence on part structures is reserved when the original building is blasted, the judgment can be carried out by adopting a sound wave detecting and vibration monitoring combining method, blasting parameters can be adjusted according to a detecting result, and the safety of an engineering structure can be ensured.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to the blasting method in a kind of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction construction.
Background technology
Along with expanding economy and social progress, large quantities of hydraulic engineerings that the solution initial stage builds, there is different separately defect and potential safety hazard in self, causes partial function to lose, can not meet the needs of rapid economic development simultaneously, certainly will rebuild former engineering, enlarging and strengthening reconstruction.In these technological transformation projects, there is part need retain the function of inhering architecture, also need to remove in original structure the building of loss of function simultaneously, so just caused original structure is carried out to necessary dismounting, and the structure division retaining can't be destroyed.
Prior art scheme
In strengthening reconstruction construction project, former engineering structure is carried out to necessary dismounting, conventional method has the construction method of manual demolition, mechanical removal or static crushing at present.
(1) manual demolition.Be mainly by pneumatic equipment, manually utilize pneumatic pick bit by bit to cut xoncrete structure, it is only suitable for fragmentary projects.
(2) mechanical removal.Main method is that excavator bucket is changed into quartering hammer, and by the hydraulic power of excavator, operation quartering hammer carries out demolition reduction to removing body.
(3) static crushing.Main method is the boring of arranging some and scale on body removing, and to injecting the gel of swelling agent in hole, stops up aperture.Swelling agent in hole, through certain hour (generally about 48 hours) volumetric expansion, will produce destruction to removing body, forms irregular crack, then manually can cut by instruments such as crowbars.
1, shortcoming:
(1) the first manual demolition shortcoming:
1) labour intensity is large, and the contamination by dust that pneumatic equipment produces is large, affects the healthy of operator;
2) inefficiency, construction cost is large.
3) construction safety hidden danger is many, and risk is large
4) be only applicable to the dismounting of primary structural component part time job.
(2) the second mechanical removal shortcoming:
1) due to excavator self, it is open that mechanical removal is only suitable for surrounding environment, removes height not high, and bear some structures of excavator weight.
2) noise is large, and environmental pollution is severe;
3) easily damage retaining structure.
(3) the third static crushing is removed shortcoming:
1) time that swelling agent reacts is long, and the destructive power of the generation of expanding is limited, and construction speed is slow, and the construction period is long, and construction cost is high.
2) the broken body destroying after expansion needs artificial chisel to remove, and construction safety hidden danger is many, and construction safety can not get ensureing.
3) irregular the following of destruction producing due to swelling agent, therefore easily damages retaining structure division
The present invention relates in engineered construction, the defect to existing building self when strengthening reconstruction and the requirement of function carry out suitable dismounting, build and the engineering construction such as enlarging.Blasting technique is exactly to utilize explosives and detonators and suitable initiation net, its jobbie is carried out to a kind of technology of explosion, according to transformation construction requirements, reserve part in building and need are removed to part-structure to be analyzed, at two-part structure intersection, adopt presplit blasting, adopt controlled blasting and need are removed to part.The application of blasting technique has solved the technical barrier of removing in strengthening reconstruction, and it is accelerating construction progress greatly, saves construction cost, is a kind of effective construction method.
The present invention, in strengthening and rebuilding engineering is built, need carry out necessary dismounting to the part-structure in original building, and this part is adopted to demolition blasting.The blasting technique that demolition blasting often adopts presplit blasting and controlled blasting to combine.Presplit blasting is before removing body explosion, remove line along design and first explode a fracture surface about wide 1～2cm, utilize this fracture surface to cut off the stress wave energy that (or weakening) transmitted from demolition blasting district, thereby reduce vibrations, and stop control place explosion to extend to and retain in structure, to guarantee to retain the engineering structure safety of structures the destruction of removing the plane of weakness such as blasting crack and joint fissure face, aspect producing in body.The explosion that dismounting body divides is mainly to adopt controlled blasting technology.Controlled blasting is by certain technical measures, reasonably determine big gun hole site, pitch-row, hole depth and explosive charge and detonation mode, strict controlled blasting energy and blasting scale, be controlled in prescribed limit divergence scope, the toppling direction of the sound, vibration, destroyed area and the broken thing of explosion.The impact of reserve part bit architecture when explosion, by the method judgement that adopts sonic detection and vibration monitoring to combine, adjusts blasting parameter according to testing result, guarantees engineering structure safety.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to overcome Shortcomings in prior art, provide a kind of and practicablely can reduce construction cost, accelerating construction progress greatly, a kind of effective Demolition Construction method:
A blasting method in the construction of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, preparation.
Reinforcing bar cutting removes, and along the outline line of presplitting body (3), manually reinforcing bar is cut and is exposed; cut off reinforcing bar with oxygen welding, make to remove body (2) and disconnect completely with retention body (1) reinforcing bar, base plate protection; on base plate, cover the 50cm soil body as the body cushion that falls, to determine base arrangement safety.
Step 2, presplit blasting.
Arrange multiple presplit blastings hole (5) along presplitting body (3) by design hole site, each hole explosive divides 3 spacer segments to arrange, the adjacent holes blasting charge is pressed blossom type and is arranged, in hole, explosive connects with bamboo chip colligation, real with clay plug within the scope of the aperture 30cm of presplit blasting hole (5), presplit blasting adopts 1 section of detonator to detonate.
Boring, the dismounting body (2) after presplitting is upper by the multiple controlled blastings of design arrangement holes (4),
Clear hole, with foreign material and moisture content in gas cleaning controlled blasting hole (4), re-starts and processes and pore-creating the controlled blasting hole (4) of defective quality.
The clay of 20cm is filled in powder charge at the bottom of the hole, controlled blasting hole (4) of having cleared up, and in hole, explosive is connected by bamboo chip binding by three sections, and closely knit with clay obstruction the 30cm of each aperture, hole within the scope of, controlled blasting Adoption Network detonates.
Detonate, in explosion official hour, conscientiously check whether explosive meets safe initiation and blast warning line whether safety is set, and after meeting the requirements, starts blasting network by fireman.
Remove warning, after explosive initiation, check shotfiring safety by fireman, determine without after potential safety hazard, remove blast warning.
The aperture in the hole of presplit blasting described in step 2 (5) is Ф 40, and pitch-row is got 5～10 times of aperture, and hole depth is 90%～95% of presplitting body (3) thickness, and the explosive charge of presplit blasting hole (5) is about 20g～40g/m.
Parameters in step 3 controlled blasting is as follows:
Blasting parameter: reinforced concrete structure, minimum burden w, w=(30～60) cm;
Controlled blasting hole (4) pitch-row a, a=(1.0～1.3) w; Reject b, b=(0.6～0.9) a;
Controlled blasting hole (4) aperture d, described d is Ф 40; Hole depth is less than 2 meters.
Controlled blasting hole (4) direction can be selected vertical hole as required, and 1～2 pilot hole (6), not blasting charge of this pilot hole, in the time carrying out Cutting Blasting, are arranged in contiguous edge of removing body (2) in horizontal big gun hole and inclination big gun hole.
Controlled blasting hole (4) single hole explosive payload:
Q=（q
1A+q
2V)f
Q: controlled blasting hole (4) single hole explosive payload (g)
A: blasting body is by the section of shear (m of explosion
2) A=bL
L: boring hole depth
V: blasting body fragmentation volume (m
3) V=abL
Q
2: the dosage (q/m of unit fragmentation volume
3), armored concrete is generally got 110～150g/m
3
Q
1: the dosage (g/m of the unit section of shear
2), q
1=(20～25)/W
W: minimum burden
F: the coefficient that characterizes the free face situation of borehole position.Two free face f=1
In hole, adopt layered charge, upper strata cartridge bag is 0.4Q, and lower floor's cartridge bag is 0.6Q, and the stemming length of the superiors' cartridge bag is not less than minimum burden.
The initiation net of described controlled blasting, selects electric initiating network Nonel detonator initiation net alive.
The vibration velocity that detonates is checked:
V: Particle Vibration Velocity (mm/s);
Q: charge weight (kg) volley is calculated by total charge;
R: explosion is to the distance (m) of protected building;
A: damped expoential is 1～2;
K: explosion coefficient.In rock, be 300～700, be 1500～2500 in soil.
Q2=110～150g/m3 in armored concrete; Q1=(20～25)/W.
Beneficial effect:
1, construction speed is fast
Adopt demolition blasting construction method at least to shift to an earlier date more than 1/3rd than the construction speed of conventional construction method, particularly large-scale engineering project.
2, construction cost is low, and construction benefit is obvious
At Linhuaigang Flood Control Project, adopt controlled blasting Demolition Construction scheme, more cost-saving in 25% left and right than the machinery in former scheme and manual demolition scheme through measuring and calculating.
3, adapt to the construction environment under various conditions
4, construction intensity is low
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and the embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
A blasting method in the construction of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, preparation.
Reinforcing bar cutting removes, and along presplitting body (3) outline line, manually reinforcing bar is cut and is exposed; cut off reinforcing bar with oxygen welding, make to remove body (2) and disconnect completely with retention body (1) reinforcing bar, base plate protection; on base plate, cover the 50cm soil body as the body cushion that falls, to determine base arrangement safety.
Step 2, presplit blasting.
Arrange multiple presplit blastings hole (5) along presplitting body (3) by design hole site, each hole explosive divides 3 spacer segments to arrange, the adjacent holes blasting charge is pressed blossom type and is arranged, in hole, explosive connects with bamboo chip colligation, real with clay plug within the scope of the aperture 30cm of presplit blasting hole (5).Presplit blasting adopts 1 section of detonator to detonate.
Boring, the dismounting body (2) after presplitting is upper by the multiple controlled blastings of design arrangement holes (4).
Clear hole, with foreign material and moisture content in gas cleaning controlled blasting hole (4), re-starts and processes and pore-creating the controlled blasting hole (4) of defective quality.
The clay of 20cm is filled in powder charge at the bottom of the hole, controlled blasting hole (4) of having cleared up, and in hole, explosive is connected by bamboo chip binding by three sections, and closely knit with clay obstruction the 30cm of each aperture, hole within the scope of, controlled blasting Adoption Network detonates.
Detonate, in explosion official hour, conscientiously check whether explosive meets safe initiation and blast warning line whether safety is set, and after meeting the requirements, starts blasting network by fireman.
Remove warning, after explosive initiation, check shotfiring safety by fireman, determine without after potential safety hazard, remove blast warning.
The aperture in the hole of presplit blasting described in step 2 (5) is Ф 40, and pitch-row is got 5～10 times of aperture, and hole depth is 90%～95% of presplitting body (3) thickness, and the explosive charge of presplit blasting hole (5) is about 20g～40g/m.
Parameters in step 3 controlled blasting is as follows:
Blasting parameter.Reinforced concrete structure, minimum burden w, w=(30～60) cm;
Controlled blasting hole (4) pitch-row a, a=(1.0～1.3) w; Reject b, b=(0.6～0.9) a;
Controlled blasting hole (4) aperture d, generally selects Ф 40; Hole depth is less than 2 meters.
Controlled blasting hole (4) direction can be selected vertical hole as required, and 1～2 pilot hole (6), not blasting charge of this pilot hole, in the time carrying out Cutting Blasting, are arranged in contiguous edge of removing body (2) in horizontal big gun hole and inclination big gun hole.
Controlled blasting hole (4) single hole explosive payload:
Q=（q
1A+q
2V)f
Q: controlled blasting hole (4) single hole explosive payload (g)
A: blasting body is by the section of shear (m of explosion
2) A=bL
L: boring hole depth (m)
V: blasting body fragmentation volume (m
3) V=abL
Q
2: the dosage (q/m of unit fragmentation volume
3), armored concrete is generally got 110～150g/m
3
Q
1: the dosage (g/m of the unit section of shear
2), q
1=(20～25)/W
W: minimum burden
F: the coefficient that characterizes the free face situation of borehole position.Two free face f=1
In hole, adopt layered charge, upper strata cartridge bag is 0.4Q, and lower floor's cartridge bag is 0.6Q, and the stemming length of the superiors' cartridge bag is not less than minimum burden.
For reducing stress wave to retaining the impact of structure, the hole of presplitting place explosion adopts 1 section of millisecond delay cap; Controlled blasting body endoporus adopts section not high, the Nonel detonator of defer time, and outer hole is not low by section, and the short Nonel detonator of defer time is made relay pipe.
The vibration velocity that detonates is checked:
Building safety Blasting Vibration Velocity is determined according to code requirement, general concrete structural safety Blasting Vibration Velocity permission boundary≤50mm/s.
V: Particle Vibration Velocity (mm/s);
Q: charge weight (kg) volley is calculated by total charge, segment blast is calculated by maximum one section of dose;
R: explosion is to the distance (m) of protected building;
A: damped expoential is 1～2;
K: explosion coefficient.In rock not 300～700, in soil, be 1500～2500..
Detect and monitoring
Utilize sonic detection standard and monitoring velocity control dividing value to retaining the structure monitoring of layouting.
A, Particle Vibration Velocity measuring point, retaining a measuring point of works bottom layout, and each measuring point is arranged vertical direction, 3 of the velocity sensors of horizontal radial and horizontal tangential.
B, sound wave measuring point are arranged.Retaining works side arrangement vertically and horizontal direction sound wave measuring point.
By the data of Particle Vibration Velocity and sonic detection and the comparison of relevant corresponding data in explosion design.Be greater than if Particle Vibration Velocity detects data the particle velocity of calculating in design, blasting parameter is made the battering charge of suitable reducing, particularly onepull, until meet the standard of detection range.
Blast working
According to explosion bulge test and explosion test result, to intrinsic blasting scheme, to adjust until blasting design scheme is reasonable, blasting parameter selection is in reliable situation, blast working could normally carry out.
Be the q in armored concrete
2=110～150g/m
3; q
1=(20～25)/W; Building safety Blasting Vibration Velocity is determined according to code requirement, general concrete structural safety Blasting Vibration Velocity permission boundary≤50mm/s.
Should be understood that these embodiment are only not used in and limit the scope of the invention for the present invention is described.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read the content of the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
Claims (4)
1. the blasting method in the construction of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, preparation;
Reinforcing bar cutting removes, and along the outline line of presplitting body (3), manually reinforcing bar is cut and is exposed; cut off reinforcing bar with oxygen welding, make to remove body (2) and disconnect completely with retention body (1) reinforcing bar, base plate protection; on base plate, cover the 50cm soil body as the body cushion that falls, to determine base arrangement safety;
Step 2, presplit blasting;
Arrange multiple presplit blastings hole (5) along presplitting body (3) by design hole site; each hole explosive divides 3 spacer segments to arrange; the adjacent holes blasting charge is pressed blossom type and is arranged; in hole, explosive connects with bamboo chip colligation; real with clay plug within the scope of the aperture 30cm of presplit blasting hole (5), presplit blasting adopts 1 section of detonator to detonate;
Step 3, controlled blasting;
Boring, the dismounting body (2) after presplitting is upper by the multiple controlled blastings of design arrangement holes (4),
Clear hole, with foreign material and moisture content in gas cleaning controlled blasting hole (4), re-starts and processes and pore-creating the controlled blasting hole (4) of defective quality;
The clay of 20cm is filled in powder charge at the bottom of the hole, controlled blasting hole (4) of having cleared up, and in hole, explosive is connected by bamboo chip binding by three sections, and closely knit with clay obstruction the 30cm of each aperture, hole within the scope of, controlled blasting Adoption Network detonates;
Detonate, in explosion official hour, conscientiously check whether explosive meets safe initiation and blast warning line whether safety is set, and after meeting the requirements, starts blasting network by fireman;
Remove warning, after explosive initiation, check shotfiring safety by fireman, determine without after potential safety hazard, remove blast warning.
2. the blasting method in a kind of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction construction as claimed in claim 1, the aperture that it is characterized in that the hole of presplit blasting described in step 2 (5) is Ф 40, pitch-row is got 5～10 times of aperture, hole depth is 90%～95% of presplitting body (3) thickness, and the explosive charge of presplit blasting hole (5) is about 20g～40g/m.
3. the blasting method in a kind of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction construction as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the parameters in step 3 controlled blasting is as follows:
Blasting parameter: reinforced concrete structure, minimum burden w, w=(30～60) cm;
Controlled blasting hole (4) pitch-row a, a=(1.0～1.3) w; Reject b, b=(0.6～0.9) a;
Controlled blasting hole (4) aperture d, described d is Ф 40; Hole depth is less than 2 meters;
Controlled blasting hole (4) direction can be selected vertical hole as required, and 1～2 pilot hole (6), not blasting charge of this pilot hole, in the time carrying out Cutting Blasting, are arranged in contiguous edge of removing body (2) in horizontal big gun hole and inclination big gun hole;
Controlled blasting hole (4) single hole explosive payload:
Q=（q
1A+q
2V)f
Q: controlled blasting hole (4) single hole explosive payload (g)
A: blasting body is by the section of shear (m of explosion
2) A=bL
L: boring hole depth
V: blasting body fragmentation volume (m
3) V=abL
Q
2: the dosage (q/m of unit fragmentation volume
3), armored concrete is generally got 110～150g/m
3
Q
1: the dosage (g/m of the unit section of shear
2), q
1=(20～25)/W
W: minimum burden
F: the coefficient that characterizes the free face situation of borehole position; Two free face f=1
In hole, adopt layered charge, upper strata cartridge bag is 0.4Q, and lower floor's cartridge bag is 0.6Q, and the stemming length of the superiors' cartridge bag is not less than minimum burden;
The initiation net of described controlled blasting, selects electric initiating network Nonel detonator initiation net alive;
The vibration velocity that detonates is checked:
V: Particle Vibration Velocity (mm/s);
Q: charge weight (kg) volley is calculated by total charge;
R: explosion is to the distance (m) of protected building;
A: damped expoential is 1～2;
K: explosion coefficient; In rock, be 300～700, be 1500～2500 in soil.
4. the blasting method in a kind of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction construction as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that the q in armored concrete
2=110～150g/m
3; q
1=(20～25)/W.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410071914.7A CN103822555B (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2014-02-28 | Blasting method in a kind of hydraulic engineering strengthening reconstruction construction |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN104912054A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-16 | 上海申元岩土工程有限公司 | Exploding and draining system used for processing liquefied foundation |
| CN105423832A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 广东中人集团建设有限公司 | Blast construction method of orientation window of thick-wall brick chimney |
| CN109990674A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-09 | 中交一公局桥隧工程有限公司 | One kind is for photoface exploision excavation method in constructing tunnel |
| CN114543603A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Method and device for determining mine blasting side hole distance |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104457461A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-25 | 中交路桥华南工程有限公司 | Detonation and penetration-improvement method and application thereof |
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| CN104912054A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-16 | 上海申元岩土工程有限公司 | Exploding and draining system used for processing liquefied foundation |
| CN105423832A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 广东中人集团建设有限公司 | Blast construction method of orientation window of thick-wall brick chimney |
| CN109990674A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-09 | 中交一公局桥隧工程有限公司 | One kind is for photoface exploision excavation method in constructing tunnel |
| CN114543603A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Method and device for determining mine blasting side hole distance |
| CN114543603B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-07-28 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Determination method and device for mine blasting edge hole distance |
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