CN103813112A - Multi-sampling pixel array, image sensor and pixel unit - Google Patents

Multi-sampling pixel array, image sensor and pixel unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103813112A
CN103813112A CN201410072573.5A CN201410072573A CN103813112A CN 103813112 A CN103813112 A CN 103813112A CN 201410072573 A CN201410072573 A CN 201410072573A CN 103813112 A CN103813112 A CN 103813112A
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pixel
pixel cell
sub
pixels
pel array
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CN103813112B (en
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陈嘉胤
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Shanghai IC R&D Center Co Ltd
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Shanghai Integrated Circuit Research and Development Center Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-sampling pixel array, image sensor and pixel unit. The multi-sampling pixel array comprises a plurality of pixel units, each pixel unit comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel is provided with a corresponding active sensor. The sub-pixels of each pixel unit and corresponding active sensors are distributed in such a manner that each pixel unit has a regular-polygon profile. Since each pixel unit has a regular polygon profile, the area of each pixel unit is small, the pixel units in the pixel array are distributed more compactly, higher density and higher sampling accuracy are achieved, and the sampling aliasing is eliminated or retarded.

Description

The pel array of multiple sampling, imageing sensor, pixel cell
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of image sensors, specifically, relate to a kind of pel array, imageing sensor, pixel cell of multiple sampling.
Background technology
Imageing sensor is widely used in civilian and business category.At present, imageing sensor is by cmos image sensor (CMOS IMAGE SENSOR, hereinafter to be referred as CIS) and charge-coupled image sensor (Charge-coupled Device, hereinafter to be referred as CCD).Compare with ccd image sensor, cmos image sensor has low cost of manufacture, the main advantage that low in energy consumption and image time delay is less; Meanwhile, along with the progress of technique, the inferior position that the Rolling ShutterEffect that cmos image sensor is intrinsic and signal to noise ratio are lower slowly changes, and the picture quality of many cmos image sensor products has equaled to ccd image sensor product.
Cmos image sensor is widely applied in fact at mobile phone camera, IP Camera, monitoring camera, optical mouse, digital single-lens reflex camera.The pixel cell composition that the cmos image sensor using in these fields normally forms based on CMOS active pixel sensor (Active Pixel Sensor is called for short APS).
The cmos image sensor forming based on APS, the principle of the image of its seizure is: utilize a light sensitive diode (photo diode, be called for short PD) receive the photon of incident light, and carry out opto-electronic conversion output voltage signal, again by subsequent conditioning circuit as processing such as amplifying circuit, filtering and noise reduction circuit, final output forms picture signal.Incident light is stronger, and the voltage signal of output is larger.
Along with the raising of CMOS technique, the size of CMOS active pixel sensor APS is more and more less, and the pixel of the imageing sensor forming is thus also more and more.But due to the restriction of circuit and electronic technology, more pixel also means noise hidden danger that may be higher, picture quality is formed to negative effect.In addition,, due to the existence of the diffraction limit in optical technology (Diffraction Limit), in the time that the minimum sampling interval is less than certain distance, the sample frequency of optics cannot further improve.
In order to solve these technical problems, there is multiple sampling (Multi-sampling).So-called multiple sampling (Multi-sampling) refers to by the some CMOS active pixel sensor APS that close on and forms pixel cell, the output valve using its average as pixel cell.
In prior art, in the time carrying out multiple sampling, in pixel cell, CMOS active pixel sensor APS, color filter lens array (Color Filter Array is called for short CFA) are to arrange according to the mode of rectangular mesh.
Fig. 1 is the profile that gathers the pel array of gray level image in prior art.As shown in Figure 1, be substantially divided into three layers of upper, middle and lowers from section pel array, upper strata 101 is microlens layer, and middle level 102 matrix are silica material, and lower floor's 103 host materials are silicon.It is convex lens 111 that upper strata 101 is used for placing the each lenticule Micro-lens of lenticule Micro-lens –, a corresponding optical channel and a light sensitive diode (Photo Diode is called for short PD).Middle level 102 is used for placing metal level M1～M3.Between adjacent metal, leave optical channel.Lower floor 103 is used for placing light sensitive diode 113.Wherein between metal level M1～M4, be electrically connected, be used for transmitting the signal of telecommunication.As lenticular convex lens 111 collected light, incident light enters the light sensitive diode 113 of optical channel arrival lower floor.Light sensitive diode 113 is met photon generation photoelectric effect, then spreads out of the signal of telecommunication, and more detailed know-why repeats no more herein.
Fig. 2 is the pel array floor map based on active sensor APS in prior art, as shown in Figure 2, of the prior art, color filter lens array pattern adopts Bayer pattern conventionally, and the RAW format digital image obtaining need to carry out by color difference algorithm the color of image of rediscover.According to filter color difference corresponding to pixel in fact, Bayer pattern color filter array has tetra-kinds of four kinds of variant: RGGB, GRBG, GBRG and BGGR.The corresponding red filter R of the initial pixel of the pel array of signal herein, its Bayer pattern is RGGB.The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width=a 2.
Fig. 3 is the floor map of 2x2 multiple sampling image pixel array in prior art.As shown in Figure 3, each pixel cell comprises 2x2 totally four active sensor APS, for color filter lens array take the pixel of red filter as example, the average of pixel cell output red filter (Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd) is as the numeral output of its pixel R, and other each pixels are exported green filter (G1G1G1G1 in an identical manner; And the digital value of blue filter (BBBB) G2G2G2G2).The digital value of pixel cell R, G1, G2 and B is as the RAW formatted data of this pel array, and the color difference algorithm through the Bayer pattern for RGGB in digital signal processing module generates coloured image.
The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width.Each pixel cell size is 2Pxwidth*2Px width=(2a) 2.
Fig. 4 is the floor map of n x n multiple sampling image pixel array in prior art.As shown in Figure 4, in the pixel cell of this pel array, there is n active sensor APS of n x.Take the pixel of the red filter of correspondence as example, pixel cell output R00～R0n, R10～R1n ... the average of Rn0～Rnn is as the numeral output of pixel R.Pixel cell output pixel G1 ... G1, G2 ... G2 and B ... the average of B, respectively as the output of pixel G, pixel G, pixel B, then participates in the processing of RAW format-pattern.
The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width.Each pixel cell size is nPxwidth*nPx width=(na) 2.
As can be seen here, in multiple sampling pel array in prior art, active sensor APS adopts rectangular mesh on plane is arranged, and arrangement mode is comparatively loose, in the time that pixel quantity is more, easily causes lacking sampling sawtooth (Anti-aliasing).
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of pel array, imageing sensor, pixel cell of multiple sampling, arranges and adopts the comparatively loose and technical problems such as the scarce sampling sawtooth that causes of rectangular mesh arrangement mode in order to solve pel array plane in prior art.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of pel array of multiple sampling, it comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, according to making each pixel cell have the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels that each pixel cell is comprised and corresponding active sensor are arranged.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of imageing sensor of multiple sampling, it comprises the pel array of multiple sampling, pel array comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, and according to making each pixel cell have the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels that each pixel cell is comprised and corresponding active sensor are arranged.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of pixel cell of multiple sampling, it comprises several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, according to making each pixel cell have the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels that each pixel cell is comprised and corresponding active sensor are arranged.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, according to the center of sub-pixel in the horizontal direction or the mode of aliging in vertical direction, several sub-pixels that the same pixel cell of arranging comprises and corresponding active sensor.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, several sub-pixels of same pixel cell also comprise the corresponding filter arranging separately, and several filters corresponding to several sub-pixels of same pixel cell have the ability that same color is reduced.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the pixel cell that described pel array comprises is arranged according to BAYER pattern.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, export the pixel digital value of each sub-pixel in same pixel cell, carry out accordingly mean value computation and obtain the pixel numeral average of this pixel cell, the pixel digital output value using described pixel numeral average as this same pixel cell.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the quantity of the sub-pixel that each pixel cell comprises arranges according to the height of sensitization pattern.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, be also provided with a sub-pixel at the regular polygon junction contour place of adjacent two pixel cells, in order to jointly to carry out the reconstruction of high dynamic range images with described pixel cell.
Compared with existing scheme, in the present invention, each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, according to making each pixel cell there is the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels that each pixel cell is comprised and corresponding active sensor are arranged, and because each pixel cell has regular polygon profile, the area of pixel cell is less, in pel array pixel cell arrange more compact, density is higher, and the precision of sampling is higher, eliminates or has slowed down sampling sawtooth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the profile that gathers the pel array of gray level image in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the pel array floor map based on active sensor APS in prior art;
Fig. 3 is the floor map of 2x2 multiple sampling image pixel array in prior art;
Fig. 4 is the floor map of n x n multiple sampling image pixel array in prior art;
Fig. 5 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment mono-of multiple sampling of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment bis-of multiple sampling of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment tri-of multiple sampling of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is filter planar structure schematic diagram in the pel array of multiple sampling in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below will coordinate graphic and embodiment to describe embodiments of the present invention in detail, and by this present invention's implementation procedure how application technology means solve technical problem and reach technology effect can be fully understood and be implemented according to this.
Pel array in the following embodiment of the present invention comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, according to making each pixel cell have the mode of regular polygon profile, because each pixel cell has regular polygon profile, the area of pixel cell is less, in pel array pixel cell arrange more compact, density is higher, and the precision of sampling is higher, eliminates or has slowed down sampling sawtooth.
It should be noted that, the quantity of the sub-pixel that each pixel cell comprises is not particularly limited, and can arrange flexibly according to the sensitization scene of pel array, and the quantity of the sub-pixel that each pixel cell comprises arranges according to the height of sensitization pattern.In the time rebuilding image, can also also be provided with a sub-pixel at the regular polygon junction contour place at adjacent two pixel cells selectively.Please participate in detail following embodiment.
In the following embodiment of the present invention, will be to describe based on RGB three primary colors pixel, the pixel cell in pel array is arranged according to BAYER pattern on the whole.Therefore, alternatively, several sub-pixels of same pixel cell also comprise the corresponding filter arranging separately, and several filters corresponding to several sub-pixels of same pixel cell have the ability that same color is reduced.Detailed description please be participated in following embodiment.
But, it should be noted that, those of ordinary skills also can be based on CMYK four primaries pixel, about following the repeating no more of embodiment of CMYK four primaries pixel application main thought of the present invention.
In following embodiment of the present invention, for the ease of forming the pixel cell of regular polygon profile, can be according to the center of sub-pixel in the horizontal direction or the mode of aliging in vertical direction, several sub-pixels that the same pixel cell of arranging comprises and corresponding active sensor.But, it should be noted that, be just schematically illustrated, those of ordinary skills are in the time specifically arranging herein, also can adopt other to control mode the position of arranging of sub-pixel is arranged, as long as can obtain the pixel cell of regular polygon profile.
In following embodiment of the present invention, for same pixel cell, export the pixel digital value of each sub-pixel in same pixel cell, carry out accordingly mean value computation and obtain the pixel numeral average of this pixel cell, the pixel digital output value using described pixel numeral average as this same pixel cell.Please participate in detail following embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment mono-of multiple sampling of the present invention; As shown in Figure 5, in the present embodiment, comprise three row (P with pel array 00, P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22) amount to 8 pixel cells be that example describes, each pixel cell comprises 24 sub-pixels (p0, p1, p2, p3, p4 ... p23).Distance between the center of adjacent two pixel cells is a.Specifically as shown in Figure 5, such as in the horizontal direction, adjacent two pixel cell P 00, P 01between distance be a.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, each sub-pixel (p0, p1, p2, p3, p4 ... p23) profile is square, therefore, in the time arranging, these sub-pixels (p0, p1, p2, p3, p4 ... p23) in the vertical direction central point alignment, and in the time arranging, guarantee that the pixel cell profile forming is regular hexagon.Such as, as shown in Figure 5, pixel cell P 00in the concrete arrangement mode of sub-pixel be:
First row p0, p1, p2, p3 amount to 4;
Secondary series p4, p6 ... p8 amounts to 5;
The 3rd row p9, p10 ... .p14 amount to 6;
The 4th row p15, p16 ... .p19 amount to 5;
Secondary series p20, p21 ... p23 amounts to 4.
Other pixel cells (P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22) in arrangement mode and the pixel cell P of sub-pixel 00not identical not the repeating them here of arrangement mode of middle sub-pixel.
Prior art shown in comparison diagram 4, the area of a pixel cell is a 2, and in the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 5, the area of a pixel cell is (√ 3/2) * a 2.As can be seen here, because orthohexagonal area is less, make the arrangement of pixel cell more tight, sampling precision is also higher, therefore can obtain good anti-sawtooth effect.
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment bis-of multiple sampling of the present invention; As shown in Figure 6, in the present embodiment from embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 different, pixel cell (P in the present embodiment 00, P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22), each pixel cell comprises 7 sub-pixels (p0, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6).Each pixel cell (P 00, P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22) in the profile of sub-pixel be square, therefore, the mode of aliging in the vertical direction according to the center of sub-pixel is arranged, the pixel cell of formation regular hexagon profile.Each pixel cell (P particularly 00, P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22) in the concrete arrangement mode of sub-pixel be:
The first behavior sub-pixel p0, p1; The second behavior p2, p3, p4; The third line is p5, p6.
Fig. 7 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment tri-of multiple sampling of the present invention; As shown in Figure 7, in the present embodiment, be first each pixel cell (P with above-mentioned Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 difference 00, P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22) in 7 sub-pixel (p0 ... p6) appearance profile is regular hexagon, and secondly, the mode of aliging in the horizontal direction according to the center of sub-pixel is arranged, and forms the pixel cell of regular hexagon profile.Finally, regular polygon junction contour place at adjacent two pixel cells is also provided with a sub-pixel, amount to 15 sub-pixels (Q00, Q01, Q02, Q03, Q04 ... Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14), in order to jointly to carry out the reconstruction of high dynamic range images with described pixel cell.
Sub-pixel (Q00, Q01, Q02, Q03, Q04 ... Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14) pixel output valve can improve sampling precision, thereby strengthen anti-sawtooth effect; Pixel cell (P 00, P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22) export the pixel digital value sum of its sub-pixel, with sub-pixel (Q00, Q01, Q02, Q03, Q04 ... Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14) pixel digital value jointly for exporting reconstruction high-dynamics image.
Fig. 8 is filter planar structure schematic diagram in the pel array of multiple sampling in the embodiment of the present invention; As shown in Figure 8, its put in order also with Bayer Pattern Class seemingly, the first behavior RGRG ..., the second behavior GBGB ..., repeat successively.Several filters corresponding to several sub-pixels of same pixel cell have the ability that same color is reduced.Such as pixel cell P 00corresponding filter reduces to redness on the whole, and the filter that this pixel cell is reduced to redness by several forms, pixel cell (P 01, P 02) (P 10, P 11) (P 20, P 21, P 22) on filter arranges with pixel cell P 00identical, repeat no more in detail.Particularly as follows:
Be pixel cell P 00corresponding filter reduces to redness on the whole, pixel cell P 01corresponding filter reduces to green R on the whole, pixel cell P 01corresponding filter reduces to green G on the whole; Pixel cell P 02corresponding filter reduces to green R on the whole.Pixel cell P 10corresponding filter on the whole to green G reduce, pixel cell P 11corresponding filter reduces to blue B on the whole.Pixel cell P 20corresponding filter on the whole to green G reduce, pixel cell P 21corresponding filter on the whole to green R reduce, pixel cell P 22corresponding filter reduces to green G on the whole.
It should be noted that, in above-mentioned example, the set-up mode of pixel is the set-up mode of active sensor, repeats no more in detail.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of imageing sensor of multiple sampling, and it comprises any described pel array of Fig. 5-Fig. 7.Do not repeat them here in detail.
Above-mentioned explanation illustrates and has described some preferred embodiments of the present invention, but as previously mentioned, be to be understood that the present invention is not limited to disclosed form herein, should not regard the eliminating to other embodiment as, and can be used for various other combinations, modification and environment, and can, in invention contemplated scope described herein, change by technology or the knowledge of above-mentioned instruction or association area.And the change that those skilled in the art carry out and variation do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all should be in the protection range of claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the pel array of a multiple sampling, it is characterized in that, comprise several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, according to making each pixel cell have the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels that each pixel cell is comprised and corresponding active sensor are arranged.
2. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to the center of sub-pixel in the horizontal direction or the mode of aliging in vertical direction, and several sub-pixels that the same pixel cell of arranging comprises and corresponding active sensor.
3. pel array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, several sub-pixels of same pixel cell also comprise the corresponding filter arranging separately, and several filters corresponding to several sub-pixels of same pixel cell have the ability that same color is reduced.
4. pel array according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the pixel cell that described pel array comprises is arranged according to BAYER pattern.
5. pel array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, export the pixel digital value of each sub-pixel in same pixel cell, carry out accordingly mean value computation and obtain the pixel numeral average of this pixel cell, the pixel digital output value using described pixel numeral average as this same pixel cell.
6. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the quantity of the sub-pixel that each pixel cell comprises arranges according to the height of sensitization pattern.
7. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with a sub-pixel at the regular polygon junction contour place of adjacent two pixel cells, in order to jointly to carry out the reconstruction of high dynamic range images with described pixel cell.
8. the imageing sensor of a multiple sampling, it is characterized in that, comprise the pel array of multiple sampling, it is characterized in that, comprise several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises several sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, according to making each pixel cell have the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels that each pixel cell is comprised and corresponding active sensor are arranged.
9. the pixel cell of a multiple sampling, it is characterized in that, comprise several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with the active sensor of a correspondence, according to making each pixel cell have the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels that each pixel cell is comprised and corresponding active sensor are arranged.
CN201410072573.5A 2014-02-28 2014-02-28 Pel array, imaging sensor, the pixel cell of multiple sampling Active CN103813112B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101854488A (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-06 索尼公司 The signal processing method of solid camera head, solid camera head and camera head
US20110299768A1 (en) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-08 Tripurari Singh Methods and system for spectral image sampling
CN103051849A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-04-17 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 Pixel array with novel structure

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101854488A (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-06 索尼公司 The signal processing method of solid camera head, solid camera head and camera head
US20110299768A1 (en) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-08 Tripurari Singh Methods and system for spectral image sampling
CN103051849A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-04-17 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 Pixel array with novel structure

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