CN103813112B - Pel array, imaging sensor, the pixel cell of multiple sampling - Google Patents
Pel array, imaging sensor, the pixel cell of multiple sampling Download PDFInfo
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- CN103813112B CN103813112B CN201410072573.5A CN201410072573A CN103813112B CN 103813112 B CN103813112 B CN 103813112B CN 201410072573 A CN201410072573 A CN 201410072573A CN 103813112 B CN103813112 B CN 103813112B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pel array of multiple sampling, imaging sensor, pixel cell.The pel array of multiple sampling includes several pixel cells, each pixel cell includes several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with active sensor corresponding to one, in the way of each pixel cell is had regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels and corresponding active sensor for including to each pixel cell are arranged.Because each pixel cell has regular polygon profile in the present invention, the area of pixel cell is smaller, and the arrangement of pixel cell is more compact in pel array, and density is higher, and the precision of sampling is higher, eliminates or slow down sampling sawtooth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of image sensors, specifically, is related to a kind of pel array of multiple sampling, image sensing
Device, pixel cell.
Background technology
Imaging sensor is widely used in civilian and commercial category.At present, imaging sensor is schemed by CMOS
As sensor（CMOS IMAGE SENSOR, hereinafter referred to as CIS）And charge-coupled image sensor（Charge-coupled
Device, hereinafter referred to as CCD）.Compared with ccd image sensor, cmos image sensor has manufacturing cost low, low in energy consumption
And the less main advantage of image delay；Meanwhile with the progress of technique, the intrinsic Rolling of cmos image sensor
ShutterEffect and the relatively low inferior position of signal to noise ratio slowly change, the picture quality of many CMOS image sensor products
Comparable to ccd image sensor product.
Cmos image sensor is in mobile phone camera, IP Camera, monitoring camera, optical mouse, digital single-lens reflex camera
It is widely applied in fact.CMOS active pixel sensor is normally based in the cmos image sensor that these fields use
（Active Pixel Sensor, abbreviation APS）The pixel cell composition of formation.
The cmos image sensor formed based on APS, the principle of its image caught are：Utilize a light sensitive diode
（Photo diode, abbreviation PD）The photon of incident light is received, and carries out opto-electronic conversion output voltage signal, then passes through follow-up electricity
Road such as amplifying circuit, filtering and noise reduction circuit etc. are handled, and final output forms picture signal.Incident light is stronger, the voltage letter of output
It is number bigger.
With the raising of CMOS technology, CMOS active pixel sensor APS size is less and less, the image sensing being consequently formed
The pixel of device is also more and more.But due to the limitation of circuit and electronic technology, more pixel also implies that may be higher
Noise hidden danger, to picture quality formed negatively affect.Further, since the diffraction limit in optical technology（Diffraction
Limit）Presence, when minimum sampling interval is less than certain distance, optical sample frequency will be unable to further improve.
In order to solve these technical problems, there is multiple sampling（Multi-sampling）.So-called multiple sampling
（Multi-sampling）Refer to form pixel cell by some CMOS active pixel sensor APS closed on, using its average as picture
The output valve of plain unit.
In the prior art, when carrying out multiple sampling, CMOS active pixel sensor APS, color filter lens array in pixel cell
（Color Filter Array, abbreviation CFA）It is to be arranged in the way of rectangular mesh.
Fig. 1 is the profile for the pel array for gathering gray level image in the prior art.As shown in figure 1, the picture from section
Pixel array is divided into three layers of upper, middle and lower substantially, and upper strata 101 is microlens layer, and the matrix of middle level 102 is silica material, the base of lower floor 103
Material is silicon.It is a convex lens that upper strata 101, which is used for placing lenticule Micro-lens-each lenticule Micro-lens,
111, correspond to an optical channel and a light sensitive diode（Photo Diode, abbreviation PD）.Middle level 102 is used for placing metal level
M1~M3.Optical channel is left between adjacent metal.Lower floor 103 is used for placing light sensitive diode 113.Wherein metal level M1~M4
Between electrically connect, for transmitting electric signal.Convex lens 111 as lenticule assemble light, and incident light reaches into optical channel
The light sensitive diode 113 of lower floor.Light sensitive diode 113 meets photon and photoelectric effect occurs, then spreads out of electric signal, more detailed skill
Here is omitted for art principle.
Fig. 2 is the pel array floor map based on active sensor APS in the prior art, as shown in Fig. 2 existing skill
In art, color filter lens array pattern generally use Bayer pattern, obtained RAW format digital images need to pass through colour-difference
Value-based algorithm reduces real color of image.Filter color is different according to corresponding to pixel in fact, Bayer pattern color filter battle array
Show four kinds of variants：Tetra- kinds of RGGB, GRBG, GBRG and BGGR.The pel array starting pixels illustrated herein correspond to red filter
R, its Bayer pattern are RGGB.The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width=a2。
Fig. 3 is the floor map of 2x2 multiple samplings image pixel array in the prior art.As shown in figure 3, each pixel
Unit includes 2x2 totally four active sensor APS, for color filter lens array by taking the pixel of red filter as an example, pixel
Unit output red filter（Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd）Numeral output of the average as its pixel R, other each pixels are with identical
Mode exports green filter（G1G1G1G1；G2G2G2G2）And blue filter（BBBB）Digital value.Pixel cell R, G1, G2 and
RAW formatted data of the B digital value as this pel array, the Bayer pattern for RGGB is passed through in digital signal processing module
Color difference algorithm generation coloured image.
The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width.Then each pixel cell size is 2Pxwidth*2Px
width=(2a)2。
Fig. 4 is the floor map of n x n multiple sampling image pixel array in the prior art.As shown in figure 4, this pixel
There is n x n active sensors APS in the pixel cell of array.By taking the pixel of corresponding red filter as an example, pixel cell output
Numeral output of R00~R0n, R10~R1n ... Rn0~Rnn average as pixel R.Pixel cell output pixel G1 ... G1,
Then G2 ... G2 and B ... B average participate in the processing of RAW format-patterns respectively as pixel G, pixel G, pixel B output.
The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width.Then each pixel cell size is nPxwidth*nPx
width=(na)2。
As can be seen here, because in multiple sampling pel array in the prior art, active sensor APS is adopted on planar arrangement
With rectangular mesh, arrangement mode is more loose, when pixel quantity is more, easily causes to lack sampling sawtooth（Anti-
aliasing）.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of pel array of multiple sampling, imaging sensor, pixel
Unit, to solve in the prior art pel array planar arrangement using rectangular mesh arrangement mode it is more loose caused by lack
Sample the technical problems such as sawtooth.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of pel array of multiple sampling, it includes several
Pixel cell, each pixel cell include several sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel is provided with active sensor corresponding to one, according to
Make each pixel cell that there is the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels for including to each pixel cell and correspondingly
Active sensor arranged.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of imaging sensor of multiple sampling, it includes multiple
The pel array of sampling, pel array include several pixel cells, and each pixel cell includes several sub-pixels, per height
Pixel is provided with active sensor corresponding to one, in the way of each pixel cell is had regular polygon profile, to each
Several sub-pixels and corresponding active sensor that pixel cell includes are arranged.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of pixel cell of multiple sampling, it includes several
Sub-pixel, each sub-pixel are provided with active sensor corresponding to one, according to making each pixel cell have regular polygon profile
Mode, several sub-pixels and corresponding active sensor included to each pixel cell arrange.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, according to the center of sub-pixel in the horizontal direction or in vertical direction
The mode of alignment, several sub-pixels and corresponding active sensor that same pixel cell of arranging includes.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, several sub-pixels of same pixel cell each also include corresponding
The filter of setting, several filters have and same color are reduced corresponding to several sub-pixels of same pixel cell
Ability.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the pixel cell that the pel array includes is arranged according to BAYER patterns
Cloth.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the pixel digital value of each sub-pixel in same pixel cell is exported, according to
This carries out mean value computation and obtains the pixel numeral average of the pixel cell, using the pixel numeral average as the same pixel list
The pixel digital output value of member.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the quantity for the sub-pixel that each pixel cell includes is according to photosensitive mould
The height of formula is configured.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, at the regular polygon junction contour of two neighboring pixel cell also
A sub-pixel is provided with, to carry out the reconstruction of high dynamic range images jointly with the pixel cell.
Compared with currently existing scheme, each sub-pixel is provided with active sensor corresponding to one in the present invention, every according to making
Individual pixel cell has the mode of regular polygon profile, several sub-pixels for including to each pixel cell and corresponding has
Source sensor is arranged, and because each pixel cell has regular polygon profile, the area of pixel cell is smaller, pel array
The arrangement of middle pixel cell is more compact, and density is higher, and the precision of sampling is higher, eliminates or slow down sampling sawtooth.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile for the pel array for gathering gray level image in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the pel array floor map based on active sensor APS in the prior art；
Fig. 3 is the floor map of 2x2 multiple samplings image pixel array in the prior art；
Fig. 4 is the floor map of n x n multiple sampling image pixel array in the prior art；
Fig. 5 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment one of multiple sampling of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment two of multiple sampling of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment three of multiple sampling of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is filter planar structure schematic diagram in the pel array of multiple sampling in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with schema and embodiment, and thereby how the present invention is applied
Technological means can fully understand and implement according to this to solve technical problem and reach the implementation process of technical effect.
Pel array in the following embodiments of the present invention includes several pixel cells, and each pixel cell includes several
Sub-pixel, each sub-pixel are provided with active sensor corresponding to one, according to making each pixel cell have regular polygon profile
Mode, because each pixel cell has regular polygon profile, the area of pixel cell is smaller, pixel cell in pel array
Arrangement it is more compact, density is higher, and the precision of sampling is higher, eliminates or slow down sampling sawtooth.
It should be noted that the quantity for the sub-pixel that each pixel cell includes is not particularly limited, can be according to pixel
The photosensitive scene of array is flexibly set, i.e., the quantity of the sub-pixel that each pixel cell includes is according to the height of light sensing mode
It is configured., can also be selectively at the regular polygon junction contour in two neighboring pixel cell in reconstruction image
It is additionally provided with a sub-pixel.Following embodiments please be participate in detail.
, will be to be illustrated based on RGB three primary colors pixels in the following embodiments of the present invention, i.e., the pixel list in pel array
Member is arranged according to BAYER patterns on the whole.Therefore, alternatively, several sub-pixels of same pixel cell each also wrap
The filter being correspondingly arranged is included, several filters have to enter same color corresponding to several sub-pixels of same pixel cell
The ability of row reduction.Detailed description please participate in following embodiments.
However, it is desirable to explanation, those of ordinary skill in the art can also be based on CMYK four primaries pixels, relevant CMYK
Four primaries pixel applies the embodiment of main thought of the present invention is following to repeat no more.
, can be according to sub- picture for the ease of forming the pixel cell of regular polygon profile in following embodiments of the present invention
The mode that the center of element is alignd in the horizontal direction or in vertical direction, several sub-pixels that same pixel cell of arranging includes
And corresponding active sensor.However, it is desirable to explanation, is simply schematically illustrated, this area is general herein
Logical technical staff can also control arrangement position of the mode to sub-pixel using other and be configured in specific arrangement, as long as
The pixel cell of regular polygon profile can be obtained.
In following embodiments of the present invention, for same pixel cell, each sub-pixel in same pixel cell is exported
Pixel digital value, accordingly carry out mean value computation obtain the pixel numeral average of the pixel cell, by the pixel numeral average
Pixel digital output value as the same pixel cell.Following embodiments please be participate in detail.
Fig. 5 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment one of multiple sampling of the present invention；As shown in figure 5, this reality
Apply in example, three rows are included with pel array（P00、P01、P02）（P10、P11）（P20、P21、P22）Enter altogether exemplified by 8 pixel cells
Row explanation, each pixel cell include 24 sub-pixels（p0、p1、p2、p3、p4……p23）.In two neighboring pixel cell
The distance between heart is a.It is specific as shown in figure 5, such as in the horizontal direction, two neighboring pixel cell P00、P01Between away from
From for a.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, each sub-pixel（p0、p1、p2、p3、p4……p23）Profile for square, because
This, is in arrangement, these sub-pixels（p0、p1、p2、p3、p4……p23）In the vertical direction central point aligns, and is arranging
During cloth, it is ensured that the pixel cell profile of formation is regular hexagon.Such as shown in figure 5, pixel cell P00In sub-pixel it is specific
Arrangement mode is：
First row p0, p1, p2, p3 amount to 4;
Secondary series p4, p6 ... p8 amount to 5;
3rd row p9, p10 ... .p14 amounts to 6；
4th row p15, p16 ... .p19 amounts to 5;
Secondary series p20, p21 ... p23 amount to 4.
Other pixel cells（P01、P02）（P10、P11）（P20、P21、P22）The arrangement mode of sub-pixel and pixel cell P00
The arrangement mode of sub-pixel is identical to will not be repeated here.
Prior art shown in comparison diagram 4, the area of a pixel cell is a2, and implement in the present invention shown in Fig. 5
In example, the area of a pixel cell is (√ 3/2) * a2.As can be seen here, because the area of regular hexagon is smaller so that pixel
The arrangement of unit is more close, sampling precision is also higher, therefore can obtain preferable anti-aliasing effect.
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment two of multiple sampling of the present invention；As shown in fig. 6, this reality
Apply in example unlike embodiment illustrated in fig. 5, pixel cell in the present embodiment（P00、P01、P02）（P10、P11）（P20、P21、
P22）, each pixel cell includes 7 sub-pixels（p0、p2、p3、p4、p5、p6）.Each pixel cell（P00、P01、P02）（P10、
P11）（P20、P21、P22）The profile of sub-pixel is square, therefore, according to the center of sub-pixel in vertically aligned side
Formula is arranged, and forms the pixel cell of regular hexagon profile.Specifically each pixel cell（P00、P01、P02）（P10、P11）
（P20、P21、P22）The specific arrangement mode of sub-pixel is：
First behavior sub-pixel p0, p1；Second behavior p2, p3, p4；The third line is p5, p6.
Fig. 7 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment three of multiple sampling of the present invention；As shown in fig. 7, this reality
Apply in example, be with above-mentioned Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 differences, pixel cell each first（P00、P01、P02）（P10、P11）（P20、P21、
P22）In 7 sub-pixels（p0…p6）Appearance profile be regular hexagon, secondly, according to sub-pixel center in the horizontal direction
The mode of upper alignment is arranged, and forms the pixel cell of regular hexagon profile.Finally, in the just more of two neighboring pixel cell
A sub-pixel is additionally provided with the shape junction contour of side, altogether 15 sub-pixels（Q00、Q01、Q02、Q03、Q04…Q10、Q11、
Q12、Q13、Q14）, to carry out the reconstruction of high dynamic range images jointly with the pixel cell.
Sub-pixel（Q00、Q01、Q02、Q03、Q04…Q10、Q11、Q12、Q13、Q14）Pixel output can improve
Sampling precision, so as to strengthen anti-aliasing effect；Pixel cell（P00、P01、P02）（P10、P11）（P20、P21、P22）Export its sub- picture
The pixel digital value sum of element, with sub-pixel（Q00、Q01、Q02、Q03、Q04…Q10、Q11、Q12、Q13、Q14）Pixel count
Word value is provided commonly for output and rebuilds high-dynamics image.
Fig. 8 is filter planar structure schematic diagram in the pel array of multiple sampling in the embodiment of the present invention；As shown in figure 8,
It puts in order also similar with Bayer pattern, the first behavior RGRG ..., the second behavior GBGB ..., is repeated in.Same pixel list
Several filters have the ability reduced to same color corresponding to several sub-pixels of member.Such as pixel cell P00
If corresponding filter reduces to red on the whole, then the pixel cell is entered by several filters reduced to red
Row is formed, pixel cell（P01、P02）（P10、P11）（P20、P21、P22）Filter setting on pixel cell P00It is identical, in detail not
Repeat again.Specifically as follows：
That is pixel cell P00Corresponding filter reduces to red on the whole, pixel cell P01Corresponding filter is overall
On green R is reduced, pixel cell P01Corresponding filter reduces to green G on the whole；Pixel cell P02It is corresponding
Filter reduces to green R on the whole.Pixel cell P10Corresponding filter is reduced to green G on the whole, pixel cell
P11Corresponding filter reduces to blue B on the whole.Pixel cell P20Corresponding filter reduced to green G on the whole,
Pixel cell P21Corresponding filter is reduced to green R on the whole, pixel cell P22Corresponding filter is on the whole to green G
Reduced.
It should be noted that in the above-described example, the set-up mode of pixel is the set-up mode of active sensor, in detail not
Repeat again.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of imaging sensor of multiple sampling, and it is any described that it includes Fig. 5-Fig. 7
Pel array.It will not be repeated here in detail.
Some preferred embodiments of the present invention have shown and described in described above, but as previously described, it should be understood that the present invention
Be not limited to form disclosed herein, be not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiment, and available for various other combinations,
Modification and environment, and above-mentioned teaching or the technology or knowledge of association area can be passed through in the scope of the invention is set forth herein
It is modified., then all should be in this hair and the change and change that those skilled in the art are carried out do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention
In the protection domain of bright appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of pel array of multiple sampling, it is characterised in that including several pixel cells, if each pixel cell includes
A dry sub-pixel, each sub-pixel are provided with active sensor corresponding to one, according to making each pixel cell have regular polygon
The mode of profile, several sub-pixels and corresponding active sensor included to each pixel cell are arranged, in phase
A sub-pixel is additionally provided with the regular polygon junction contour of adjacent two pixel cells, to be carried out jointly with the pixel cell
The reconstruction of high dynamic range images.
2. pel array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the horizontal direction or vertical according to the center of sub-pixel
The mode that Nogata aligns upwards, several sub-pixels and corresponding active sensor that same pixel cell of arranging includes.
3. pel array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that several sub-pixels of same pixel cell are each gone back
Including the filter being correspondingly arranged, several filters have to same color corresponding to several sub-pixels of same pixel cell
The ability reduced.
4. pel array according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the pixel cell that the pel array includes according to
BAYER patterns are arranged.
5. pel array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that export the pixel of each sub-pixel in same pixel cell
Digital value, mean value computation is carried out accordingly and obtains the pixel numeral average of the pixel cell, regard the pixel numeral average as this
The pixel digital output value of same pixel cell.
6. pel array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quantity root for the sub-pixel that each pixel cell includes
It is configured according to the height of light sensing mode.
A kind of 7. imaging sensor of multiple sampling, it is characterised in that the pel array including multiple sampling, it is characterised in that
Including several pixel cells, each pixel cell includes several sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel is provided with active corresponding to one
Sensor, in the way of making each pixel cell that there is regular polygon profile, some height for including to each pixel cell
Pixel and corresponding active sensor are arranged, and are also set up at the regular polygon junction contour of two neighboring pixel cell
There is a sub-pixel, to carry out the reconstruction of high dynamic range images jointly with the pixel cell.
8. a kind of pixel cell of multiple sampling, it is characterised in that including several sub-pixels, each sub-pixel is provided with a pair
The active sensor answered, in the way of making each pixel cell that there is regular polygon profile, each pixel cell is included
Several sub-pixels and corresponding active sensor are arranged, in the regular polygon junction contour of two neighboring pixel cell
Place is additionally provided with a sub-pixel, to carry out the reconstruction of high dynamic range images jointly with the pixel cell.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101854488A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-06 | 索尼公司 | The signal processing method of solid camera head, solid camera head and camera head |
| CN103051849A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-17 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Pixel array with novel structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011153515A1 (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-08 | Tripurari Singh | Methods and system for spectral image sampling |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101854488A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-06 | 索尼公司 | The signal processing method of solid camera head, solid camera head and camera head |
| CN103051849A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-17 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Pixel array with novel structure |
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