CN104241309B - A kind of CMOS image pixel array for simulating random pixel effect - Google Patents
A kind of CMOS image pixel array for simulating random pixel effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of CMOS image pixel array for simulating random pixel effect, by using the number n of the color filter as the even number more than 4, and n/2 is in the replicated blocks of the color filter of odd number, on the premise of the ratio for ensureing green filter is more than red and blue filter, a certain proportion of white filter is added to improve the lightsensitivity of pel array, and by a variety of colors filter with certain uniform, it is symmetrical to simulate the sample effect of random pixel, incident light efficiency can strengthened, while significantly improving pel array lightsensitivity, control color error, ensure the picture quality of output coloured image, lift the performance of pel array.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to integrated circuit fields, and random pixel is simulated with white filter more particularly, to a kind of
The CMOS image pixel array of effect.
Background technology
Imaging sensor is the device for converting optical signals to electric signal, DTV, face-to-face communication etc. be civilian and business
It has been widely used in industry category.According to the difference of photoelectric conversion mode, imaging sensor can be generally divided into electric charge
Coupled device image sensor (Charge-coupled Device, CCD) and cmos image sensor (CMOS IMAGE
SENSOR, CIS) two classes.
For CCD, on the one hand, scientific research and industrial circle in specialty, the CCD with high s/n ratio turn into first choice；
On the other hand, also quite favored in high-end photography and vedio recording field, the CCD that high image quality can be provided.And for CIS,
IP Camera and mobile phone photograph module are also widely applied.
CCD is compared with CIS, and the former power consumption is higher, integrated difficulty is larger, and the latter is low in energy consumption, easy of integration and resolution ratio compared with
It is high.Although CCD may be better than CIS in terms of picture quality, still, as the continuous improvement of CIS technologies and CMOS manufacture
Technological level is substantially improved, the CCD of a part of CIS picture quality already close to same specification.CIS takes in performance
Substantial progress, and by its low cost, high efficiency, transmission speed soon etc. advantage be widely used in tablet personal computer, intelligence
All kinds of emerging fields such as mobile phone.Along with promotion of the field of consumer electronics such as camera cell phone to CIS, following cmos image passes
The market prospects of sensor will be more wide.One of small size, high-performance CIS important topic for being designed to this area research.
Intuitively performance indications are exactly reproduction ability to image to imaging sensor one, and the pixel battle array of imaging sensor
Row are exactly the critical function module for being directly connected to this index.Pel array can be divided into front illuminated formula (Front Side
Illuminated, FSI) pel array and back-illuminated type (Back Side Illuminated, BSI) pel array.In FSI pixels
In the structure of array, include filter layer, metal level and sensitization diode layer successively along incident light direction.Filter layer generally comprises micro-
Lens (Micro-lens) and color filter array (Color Filter Array, CFA) the two or first, for incidence
Light is focused and obtained coloured image；Metal level includes the circuit structure formed by multi-layer metal wiring, for photoelectricity to be turned
The electric signal transmission changed is handled to peripheral circuit；Include in sensitization diode layer light sensitive diode (Photo Diode,
PD), for carrying out opto-electronic conversion to the incident light of reception.If BSI pel arrays, then include filter successively along incident light direction
Mirror layer, sensitization diode layer and metal level, the metal level position in its structure exchange with sensitization diode layer, i.e., positioned at deviate from into
Penetrate the farthest end layer of light.Optical channel, the filtered mirror layer of incident light, along optical channel are provided between filter layer and sensitization diode layer
The PD in sensitization diode layer is reached, realizes opto-electronic conversion, analog-to-digital conversion, output digital image.Sensed using active pixel
In pel array of the device (Active Pixel Sensor, APS) as the CIS of its photosensitive unit, an APS (i.e. pixel
Unit) include PD and activated amplifier (Active Amplifier).
By taking FSI pel arrays as an example, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of FSI pictures of cmos image sensor of prior art
The structural profile illustration of pixel array.As shown in figure 1, from section, pel array is divided into three layers of upper, middle and lower substantially, and upper strata is
Filter layer 6, for placing lenticule 5 and the color filter 4, each lenticule 5 is a convex lens, corresponds to a metal below
7 optical channel 3 of layer, the optical channel 2 of PD layers 9 and PD1.Middle level is metal level 7, and matrix is silica material, is placed with multilayer gold
Category 8 (being illustrated as 4 layers) of wiring, and circuit structure is formed with electric connection mode, for transmitting electric signal, between adjacent metal wiring
Space form optical channel 3, incident light can pass through PD1 from this optical channel 3.Lower floor is PD layers 9, and host material is silicon, is used
To place PD1, the optical channel 2 of PD layers 9 is connected and is aligned with the optical channel 3 of metal level 7.Lenticule 5 is used for assembling light, incident
Light (as hollow arrow is signified in figure) sequentially enters metal level optical channel 3, the arrival of PD layers optical channel 2 lower floor by filter layer 6
PD1, PD1 meet photon and photoelectric effect occur, then spread out of electric signal.In the structure of FSI pel arrays, when incident light beam strikes,
The metal material of sensor surface can reflect away a part of incident light, when remaining light passes through optical channel, due to gold therein
Category layer has a plurality of layers metal line, and some light will be reflected (filled arrows are signified in such as figure) so that light intensity further by
To loss, the efficiency of incident light is reduced, causes image quality to be affected.
Referring to Fig. 2, the planar structure that Fig. 2 is a kind of FSI pel arrays of cmos image sensor of prior art is shown
It is intended to.As shown in Fig. 2 the color filter array of its pel array is arranged using Bayer pattern, Bayer pattern is illustrated in figure
One of which arrangement mode, if representing red filter with letter r, G represents green filter, and B represents blue filter, in Bayer
In the color filter array of such a spread pattern of pattern, the color filter is according to the first row RGRG ..., the second row GBGB ...
It is by that analogy and by 4 the color filters 2 × 2 pixel forms arrangement that unit repeats.One filter 4-1~4- of each color
4 lower sections are correspondingly arranged a PD1-1~1-4, and center alignment.In the structure of the FSI pel arrays of diagram, due in color
Metal level between filter and PD will place metal line (circuit structure), so need to stay between adjacent PD at regular intervals.Such as
Fruit is exchanged with BSI pel arrays, and because metal level is located at below PD, then spacing can be with relative decrease between adjacent PD.
In the prior art, in order to improve the incident light efficiency of CMOS image pixel array, filtered by using different colors
The replicated blocks mode of mirror pattern, to improve the lightsensitivity of pel array.Fig. 3~6 is referred to, Fig. 3~6 are in the prior art
The different colours filter pattern of white filter is added in filter replicated blocks.Fig. 3~6 show 4 kinds of the color filter patterns, with
Bayer pattern is similar, in this 4 kinds of the color filter patterns, all employ the replicated blocks of the color filter；Unlike,
In respective replicated blocks, outside the color filter of RGB three-primary colours, the white filter (production of different proportion has also been separately added into
The filter of raw white light, i.e., colourless filter, represented with W), and by different rules by white filter in the replicated blocks of filter
It is distributed.As shown in figure 3, in the replicated blocks 10 of filter, (by rows, similarly hereinafter) the color alignment form of filter is
WBWG、BWGW、WGWR、GWRW；As shown in figure 4, in the replicated blocks 11 of filter, the color alignment form of filter is GWRW,
GWRW、BWGW、BWGW；As shown in figure 5, in the replicated blocks 12 of filter, the color alignment form of filter is GWRW, BWGW,
GWRW、BWGW.Above-mentioned 3 kinds of patterns in the replicated blocks of original 2 × 2 filters of Bayer pattern due to adding white filter
Mirror, therefore, constitute the color filter array using 4 × 4 filters as the color filter pattern formation of replicated blocks 10,11,12.
As shown in fig. 6, after adding white filter in the replicated blocks of original 2 × 2 filters of Bayer pattern, at new 4 × 4
In the replicated blocks 13 of filter, the color alignment form of filter is WRWR, BGBG, WRWR, BGBG.Wherein, in the institute of such as Fig. 3~5
In the 3 kinds of replicated blocks 10,11,12 shown, W filters have been separately added into 8, and the ratio of four kinds of the color filters is R：G：B：W=1:
2:1:4；And in the 4th kind of replicated blocks 13 as shown in Figure 6, W filters have 4, and the ratio of four kinds of the color filters is changed into R：G：
B：W=1:1:1:1.
In order to imitate human eye to the particularly sensitive characteristic of green, the Bayer pattern under prior art has used R：G：B=1:
2:1 filter ratio so that pel array is subjected to more green lights under the same conditions.In the 4th kind shown in above-mentioned Fig. 6
In replicated blocks 13, after white filter is added, R in the replicated blocks of 4 × 4 filters：G：B：W ratio is 1:1:1:1, it is green
The ratio of color filter is reduced, and so as to weaken susceptibility of the pel array to green light, causes its picture quality exported to become
Difference --- acutance declines, color error increase.Therefore, if it is desired to reasonably improve the susceptibility of pel array, that is, improving
While pel array susceptibility, ensure that its picture quality does not decline, then must ensure while W filters are added in RGB tri-
The ratio of color Green filter is higher than other two kinds of the color filters, and this point is that 2 × 2 modules can not accomplish.So above-mentioned
In 3 kinds of replicated blocks shown in Fig. 3~5, the color filter pattern using 4 × 4 filters as replicated blocks is employed, it is white adding
After color filter, the ratio of four kinds of the color filters is R：G：B：W=1:2:1:4, coloured filter (i.e. RGB filters) and colourless filter
The ratio of (i.e. W filters) number is 1:1, the ratio of green filter is guaranteed.But the simultaneously as white filter added
Ratio is too high, and 50% has been accounted in four kinds of the color filters, has equally caused significantly increasing for color error.Also, above-mentioned 4
In kind the color filter pattern, distribution of four kinds of the color filters in replicated blocks lacks symmetry, is filtered on each location of pixels
The arrangement of mirror color is also uneven, therefore can not simulate the effect that random pixel is sampled, thus in the feelings of color error increase
Under condition, or even it can also produce the phenomenon of cross-color.
It is above-mentioned in the prior art, due to adding white filter beyond RGB three-primary colours, pass through the light of filter layer
Rate significantly improves, thus the incident light efficiency of pel array is improved.But due in filter replicated blocks or because
The ratio of green filter is less than other the color filters or because the ratio of the white filter of addition is too high, and a variety of colors filter
The distribution of mirror lacks uniformity and symmetry, as a result causes while incident light efficiency is improved, color error but significantly increases,
The even adverse consequences of cross-color.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome drawbacks described above existing for prior art, there is provided a kind of simulation random pixel effect
CMOS image pixel array, by being the color filter of odd number by the even number more than 4 and n/2 of the number n of the color filter
In replicated blocks, on the premise of the ratio for ensureing green filter is more than red and blue filter, a certain proportion of white is added
Filter improves the lightsensitivity of pel array, and by uniform, symmetrical being simulated with certain to a variety of colors filter
The sample effect of random pixel, color can be controlled while strengthening incident light efficiency, significantly improving pel array lightsensitivity
Error, ensure the picture quality of output coloured image, lift the performance of pel array.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of CMOS image pixel array for simulating random pixel effect, including color filter array, described the color filter
Array has the color filter pattern using n × n the color filter as replicated blocks, the replicated blocks include red, it is green,
Blue and white filter, the number n of described the color filter is the even number more than 4, and n/2 is odd number；Institute in the replicated blocks
The quantity for stating green filter is respectively greater than red and blue filter the quantity, and the quantity of the white filter is less than described red
Color, green, the quantity summation of blue filter；Described the color filter of whole in the replicated blocks is divided equally by arrangement position
In 4 quadrants of plane right-angle coordinate, described in the individual the color filter compositions of (n/2) × (n/2) in each quadrant
1 submodule of replicated blocks, in each submodule centered on 1 red or blue filter filter, in described
The colleague of heart filter and same column other positions all arrange the white filters, and the rest position in the submodule is non-for other
White filter occupies；The center filter in adjacent 2 submodules is not homochromy, described green in each submodule
Color filter quantity is fixed, and occupies the position of half in the rest position, in the rest position of each submodule
In, the filter of any 2 adjacent colleagues or same column is not homochromy；It is each in 2 submodules in diagonal quadrant
Described the color filter uses by using the origin of coordinates of the plane right-angle coordinate as symmetrical centre or by symmetry axis of reference axis
Glide reflection (Glide reflection) mode symmetric arrays；Such as in an embodiment shown in Fig. 7, first
One upper right Angle Position 20-1 of quadrant submodule 14 blue filter (B) and the upper left corner position of third quadrant submodule 16
20-2 blue filter (B) is put with reference axis (x-axis or y-axis) as the homochromy symmetric arrays of symmetry axis；First quartile submodule 14
The green filter (G) of one lower right position 19-2 (i.e. foregoing diagonal position 19-2) with one of third quadrant submodule 16
Lower-left Angle Position 19-3 green filter (G) is with reference axis (x-axis or y-axis) for the homochromy symmetric arrays of symmetry axis.
Preferably, the number n for forming described the color filter of the replicated blocks is 6, green described in the replicated blocks
Color, red, blueness, the quantity of white filter are respectively 8,6,6,16；Institute in 1~4 quadrant in each submodule
The center filter of stating is respectively a red, blue, red, blue filter, each the green filter in the submodule
The quantity of mirror is 2, and occupies the wherein two diagonal position in the rest position beyond the center filter, in addition two
Individual diagonal position is as occupied by another described the color filter not homochromy with the center filter.
Preferably, the number n for forming described the color filter of the replicated blocks is 10, green described in the replicated blocks
Color, red, blueness, the quantity of white filter are respectively 32,18,18,32；In 1~4 quadrant in each submodule
The center filter is respectively a red, blue, red, blue filter, each the green in the submodule
The quantity of filter is 8, and the green, red, blue filter are uniform in the rest position beyond the center filter
Distribution, it is not homochromy around 8 the color filters of the center filter and the center filter.
Preferably, the pel array is front illuminated formula pel array or back-illuminated type pel array.
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that the pixel count of the invention by changing replicated blocks in the color filter pattern
Mesh, using the number n of the color filter as in the replicated blocks of the even number more than 4 and n/2 for the color filter of odd number, ensureing
On the premise of the ratio of green filter is more than red and blue filter, a certain proportion of white filter is added to improve pel array
Lightsensitivity, and by a variety of colors filter in the form of certain rule it is uniform, symmetrical, it is defeated to carry out simulation color film
The effect of the random pixel sampling gone out, can be while strengthening incident light efficiency, significantly improving pel array lightsensitivity, control
Color error, ensure the picture quality of output coloured image, lift the performance of pel array.Therefore, image pixel of the invention
The design of array, it is a kind of innovation for making full use of prior art basis, its cost is controllable, has high resolution, moire fringes few
Few good characteristic with color error, it can significantly improve the lightsensitivity of pel array and the image matter of its output coloured image
Amount.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural profile illustration of the FSI pel arrays of cmos image sensor of prior art；
Fig. 2 is a kind of planar structure schematic diagram of the FSI pel arrays of cmos image sensor of prior art；
Fig. 3~6 are the different colours filter patterns for adding white filter in filter replicated blocks in the prior art；
Fig. 7 is face when white filter is added in 6 × 6 pixel replicated blocks in first embodiment of the invention
Color filter pattern；
Fig. 8 is when white filter is added in 10 × 10 pixel replicated blocks in second embodiment of the invention
The color filter pattern.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
It should be noted that in following embodiments, when embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, in order to clear
Ground represents the structure of the present invention in order to illustrate, special that structure in accompanying drawing is not drawn according to general proportion, and has carried out part
Amplification, deformation and simplified processing, therefore, should avoid being understood in this, as limitation of the invention.
Mainly sensed in the pel array of cmos image sensor (referred to as CIS) under prior art using active pixel
Device (Active Pixel Sensor, referred to as APS) forms pel array, and its structure mainly includes a light sensitive diode
(Photo Diode, a referred to as PD) and activated amplifier (Active Ampl ifier).Incident light is gathered by lenticule
Light, by the color filter (Color Filter) incident optical channel, it is photosensitive finally to arrive at PD progress.Due to front illuminated formula
For (Front Side Illuminated, FSI) CIS optical channel by metal level, it, which reflects, causes incident light to have largely
Lose；And photosensitive layer is placed on metal level by back-illuminated type (Back Side Illuminated, BSI) CIS, pass through contracting
Short optical channel length substantially increases incident light efficiency.
In order to improve the incident light efficiency of CMOS image pixel array, the relative position except changing photosensitive layer can be with
Use different the color filter patterns.The image pixel array discussed in the present invention does not use the color filter of Bayer pattern
(Color Filter), but add in the color reduction unit module (the color filter replicated blocks) more than 4x4 location of pixels
Certain proportion and the white colours filter of pattern are entered, while random pixel effect is simulated, it is photosensitive can reasonably to strengthen its
Sensitivity.
In first embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig. 7, the pixel weight of one kind 6 × 6 of its display present invention
The color filter pattern during white filter is added in multiple module.As shown in fig. 7, the CMOS of the simulation random pixel effect of the present invention
A kind of concrete form of color filter array of image pixel array is using 6 × 6 the color filters as the face for repeating module composition
Color filter pattern.In this embodiment, used in the replicated blocks of the color filter pattern red, green, blueness and
The filter of white 4 kinds of colors, it is convenient for statement, referred to respectively with symbol R, G, B, W below and in accompanying drawing.The present invention's
In the color filter pattern, the number n requirements of the color filter are the even number more than 4, and n/2 is odd number.Why so design, one
Aspect is to use 4 × 4 filters can not simulate random picture for the color filter pattern of replicated blocks in the prior art to overcome
Element is sampled, causes the defects of color error increase or even cross-color；On the other hand also with the color filter mould of the present invention
It is relevant that formula need to carry out the reconstruct of coloured image using special algorithm flow.
According to the design of the present invention, in replicated blocks as shown in Figure 7, the quantity of green filter should be respectively greater than red
With the quantity of blue filter；And simultaneously, the quantity of white filter is less than red, green, the quantity summation of blue filter.And
And in replicated blocks, according to the specific spread pattern of the present invention, replicated blocks are divided into the submodule of 43 × 3 again, often
The color filter in individual submodule is respectively 9.In order to facilitate recognizing and remembering the color alignment feature of its filter, by this 4 sons
4 in plane right-angle coordinate (for ease of understanding and identifying, plane right-angle coordinate has been shown in phantom in figure) of module point
In quadrant, first quartile submodule 14, the second quadrant submodule 15, third quadrant submodule 16 and fourth quadrant submodule are formed
17。
In each submodule 14~17 of formation, using 1 red filter or blue filter as center filter, that is, it is located at
The center filter 18-1 of first quartile submodule 14 in first quartile is a red filter, in the second quadrant submodule 15
Heart filter 18-2 is a blue filter, and the center filter 18-3 of third quadrant submodule 16 is returned as a red filter again,
The center filter 18-4 of fourth quadrant submodule 17 is a blue filter.Center filter 18-1~18-4 is non-white and non-green
Color filter.
Colleague and same column other positions in center filter 18-1~18-4 of each submodule 14~17, all by white
Occupied by filter, " ten " font arrangement mode is formed；And the rest position in submodule 14~17 supplies other non-white filters (i.e.
R, G, B) occupy.
In order to coordinate red and blue filter quantitative proportion and distributing homogeneity between submodule, the 2 of arbitrary neighborhood
Center filter in individual submodule is not homochromy, for example, the center filter 18-1 (red filter) of first quartile submodule 14 and the
The center filter 18-2 (blue filter) and fourth quadrant submodule 17 of two quadrant submodule 15 center filter 18-4 (blueness filters
Mirror) it is not homochromy.
In each submodule, the quantity of green filter occupies the position of half in the rest position, i.e. green filter
Mirror is divided equally in 4 submodules 14~17, and the quantity in each submodule is fixed as 2.Also, in each submodule
2 green filters occupy the wherein two diagonal position of the submodule in the rest position beyond the filter of center, son
Other two diagonal positions of module are occupied by another the color filter (R or B) not homochromy with center filter.With first as
Exemplified by limiting submodule 14, wherein two diagonal position 19-1,19-2 of submodule are occupied by green filter, in addition two diagonal bits
Put as occupied by the blue filter not homochromy with red center filter 18-1.Such design, both it ensure that green in replicated blocks
The quantitative proportion of color filter is respectively greater than red and blue filter, the quantitative proportion of white filter is less than red, green, blueness filter
The quantity summation of mirror, relative homogeneity and symmetry that each the color filter is distributed in submodule can be ensured again.
Meanwhile in order to ensure the relative symmetry between submodule, in this embodiment, illustrate a kind of symmetrical
Arrangement mode：2 submodules (i.e. first quartile submodule 14 and third quadrant submodule 16, second in diagonal quadrant
Quadrant submodule 15 and fourth quadrant submodule 17) press with the reference axis (x-axis or y-axis) of the plane right-angle coordinate in scheming
For symmetry axis and use glide reflection (Glide reflection) mode symmetric arrays, i.e., 2 sons in diagonal quadrant
In module, the color relative to the color filter at each symmetric position of reference axis is identical.For example, first quartile submodule 14
One upper right Angle Position 20-1 blue filter (B) and a upper left position 20-2 of third quadrant submodule 16 blueness filter
Mirror (B) is with reference axis (x-axis or y-axis) for the homochromy symmetric arrays of symmetry axis；One lower right position of first quartile submodule 14
19-2 (i.e. foregoing diagonal position 19-2) green filter (G) and a lower-left Angle Position 19-3 of third quadrant submodule 16
Green filter (G) with reference axis (x-axis or y-axis) for the homochromy symmetric arrays of symmetry axis.This can be observed by that analogy from Fig. 7
Design pattern.It is of course also possible to use another symmetric arrays mode, i.e.,：2 submodules (i.e. in diagonal quadrant
One quadrant submodule and third quadrant submodule, the second quadrant submodule and fourth quadrant submodule) press with the flat square
The origin of coordinates of coordinate system is symmetrical centre symmetric arrays.Refer to Fig. 7 to be understood, this two kinds of symmetric arrays forms can
The technique effect of the present invention is realized, difference in terms of the dedicated algorithms flow used simply be present.
In this way, in this embodiment, green, red, blueness, the quantity of white filter in the replicated blocks
Respectively 8,6,6,16.Wherein, the spread pattern of the color filter of first quartile submodule 14 is the first row GWB, the second row
WRW, the third line BWG, the spread pattern of the color filter of the second quadrant submodule 15 is the first row RWG, the second row WBW, the 3rd
Row GWR, the spread pattern of the color filter of third quadrant submodule 16 is the first row BWG, the second row WRW, the third line GWB, the
The spread pattern of the color filter of four-quadrant submodule 17 is the first row GWR, the second row WBW, the third line RWG.With this 4 submodules
Block 14~17 forms the replicated blocks of 6 × 6 pixels, forms the color filter array of CMOS image pixel array.
When application is of the invention, CMOS image pixel array is without using Bayer pattern or the repetition mould of other 4 × 4 pixels
Pattern of the block as the color filter, but disclosed in 6 × 6 replicated blocks more than 4 × 4 pixels by above-mentioned embodiment
Pattern add white filter.Also, the thus RAW format picture datas of pel array output, also without using based on Bayer moulds
The image processing algorithm of formula obtains coloured image, but the reconstruct of coloured image is carried out using special algorithm flow.
It is can be seen that from above-mentioned embodiment in each submodule, the number of green filter and white filter is
Fixed, respectively 2 and 4；In whole 6 × 6 picture element module, the ratio R of four kinds of the color filters：G：B：W=3:4:3:
8.Assorted filter arrangement in four submodules be in certain rule, and the filter color number between submodule is also in symmetrically arranging
Row.As can be seen here, the filter color arrangement on 36 location of pixels of replicated blocks is uniform, therefore, pel array output
RAW format picture datas, the effect that the random pixel that can be exported with simulation color film samples, have resolution height, moire fringes few
Few good characteristic with color error.In addition, the ratio of coloured filter (i.e. RGB) and colourless filter (i.e. W) number is 5:4, nothing
The number of color filter is less than the number summation of coloured filter, it is assumed that replaces to carry during a coloured filter with a colourless filter
High 1 times of lightsensitivity, then the susceptibility of the pel array in present embodiment is higher than the pel array of Bayer pattern
Go out 44.4% (i.e. 4/9=44.4%).Because the number of coloured filter is still greater than colourless filter, therefore, using this specific implementation
Color error caused by the pel array of mode can also obtain certain control, and general effect is better than prior art.
The color filter array of the first embodiment of the present invention can apply to front illuminated formula pel array
Or in back-illuminated type pel array.There is more prominent application effect particularly in front illuminated formula pel array.
In second embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig. 8, the pixel of one kind 10 × 10 of its display present invention
The color filter pattern during white filter is added in replicated blocks.As shown in figure 8, the simulation random pixel effect of the present invention
A kind of concrete form of color filter array of CMOS image pixel array is using 10 × 10 the color filters as replicated blocks structure
Into the color filter pattern.In this embodiment, used in the replicated blocks of the color filter pattern red, green,
The filter of blueness and white 4 kinds of colors, it is convenient for statement, referred to respectively with symbol R, G, B, W below and in accompanying drawing.At this
In the color filter pattern of invention, the number n requirements of the color filter are the even number more than 4, and n/2 is odd number.Why so
Design, is on the one hand to overcome and uses 4 × 4 filters can not be simulated for the color filter pattern of replicated blocks in the prior art
Random pixel is sampled, causes the defects of color error increase or even cross-color；On the other hand also with the color of the present invention
It is relevant that filter pattern need to carry out the reconstruct of coloured image using special algorithm flow.
According to the design of the present invention, in replicated blocks as shown in Figure 8, the quantity of green filter should be respectively greater than red
With the quantity of blue filter.And simultaneously, the quantity of white filter is less than red, green, the quantity summation of blue filter.And
And in replicated blocks, according to the specific spread pattern of the present invention, replicated blocks are divided into the submodule of 45 × 5 again, often
The color filter in individual submodule is respectively 25.In order to facilitate recognizing and remembering the color alignment feature of its filter, by this 4 sons
4 in plane right-angle coordinate (for ease of understanding and identifying, plane right-angle coordinate has been shown in phantom in figure) of module point
In quadrant, first quartile submodule 21, the second quadrant submodule 22, third quadrant submodule 23 and fourth quadrant submodule are formed
24。
In each submodule 21~24 of formation, using 1 red filter or blue filter as center filter, that is, it is located at
The center filter 25-1 of first quartile submodule 21 in first quartile is a red filter, in the second quadrant submodule 22
Heart filter 25-2 is a blue filter, and the center filter 25-3 of third quadrant submodule 23 is returned as a red filter again,
The center filter 25-4 of fourth quadrant submodule 24 is a blue filter.Center filter 25-1~25-4 is non-white and non-green
Color filter.
Colleague and same column other positions in center filter 25-1~25-4 of each submodule 21~24, all by white
Occupied by filter, " ten " font arrangement mode is formed；And the rest position in submodule 21~24 supplies other non-white filters (i.e.
R, G, B) occupy.Also, in the rest position of each submodule 21~24, any 2 adjacent colleagues or same column
Filter is not homochromy, so that assorted filter is uniformly distributed, (above-mentioned first embodiment belongs to the special case shape of this design requirement
Formula, because 2 adjacent filters are not present in the rest position of each 3 × 3 submodule in first embodiment).
In order to coordinate red and blue filter quantitative proportion and distributing homogeneity between submodule, the 2 of arbitrary neighborhood
Center filter in individual submodule is not homochromy, for example, the center filter 25-1 (red filter) of first quartile submodule 21 and the
The center filter 25-2 (blue filter) and fourth quadrant submodule 24 of two quadrant submodule 22 center filter 25-4 (blueness filters
Mirror) it is not homochromy.
In each submodule, the quantity of green filter occupies the position of half in the rest position, i.e. green filter
Mirror is divided equally in 4 submodules 21~24, and the quantity in each submodule is fixed as 8.Also, in each submodule
8 green filters occupy 4 location of pixels in four corners of submodule in the rest position beyond the filter of center
In wherein two diagonal position, two diagonal positions are respectively as occupied by a red filter and a blue filter in addition.
Also, 8 the color filters and center filter around center filter are not homochromy, so that other the color filters in addition to white filter
It can be uniformly distributed.By taking first quartile submodule 21 as an example, 4 location of pixels in four corners of submodule are (i.e. at rest position
4 location of pixels) in wherein two diagonal position occupied by green filter, by taking 1 upper right corner of submodule 21 as an example,
Two diagonal positions 26-1,26-2 are occupied by green filter；Other two diagonal positions are respectively by a red filter and one
Occupied by blue filter, and red filter is pressed and is distributed away from red center filter 25-1.Such design, repetition mould was both ensure that
The quantitative proportion of block Green filter is respectively greater than red and blue filter, the quantitative proportion of white filter is less than red, green,
The quantity summation of blue filter, relative homogeneity and symmetry that each the color filter is distributed in submodule can be ensured again.
Meanwhile in order to ensure the relative symmetry between submodule, in this embodiment, illustrate a kind of symmetrical
Arrangement mode：2 submodules (i.e. first quartile submodule 21 and third quadrant submodule 23, second in diagonal quadrant
Quadrant submodule 22 and fourth quadrant submodule 24) press using the origin of coordinates of the plane right-angle coordinate in scheming for symmetrically in
In heart symmetric arrays, i.e. 2 in diagonal quadrant submodule, filtered relative to the color at each symmetric position of the origin of coordinates
The color of mirror is identical.For example, a upper right Angle Position 27-1 of first quartile submodule 21 red filter (R) and third quadrant
One lower-left Angle Position 27-2 of submodule 23 red filter (R) is using the origin of coordinates as the homochromy symmetric arrays of symmetrical centre；The
One upper left position 26-3 of one quadrant submodule 21 green filter (G) and a upper left corner of third quadrant submodule 23
Position 26-5 green filter (G) is using the origin of coordinates as the homochromy symmetric arrays of symmetrical centre.It can be observed by that analogy from Fig. 8
This design pattern.It is of course also possible to use another symmetric arrays mode, i.e.,：2 submodules in diagonal quadrant are (i.e.
First quartile submodule and third quadrant submodule, the second quadrant submodule and fourth quadrant submodule) by straight with the plane
The reference axis (x-axis or y-axis) of angular coordinate system is symmetry axis symmetric arrays.Refer to Fig. 8 to be understood, this two kinds of symmetric arrays shapes
Formula can realize the technique effect of the present invention, difference in terms of the dedicated algorithms flow used simply be present.
In this way, in this embodiment, green, red, blueness, the quantity of white filter in the replicated blocks
Respectively 32,18,18,32.Wherein, the spread pattern of the color filter of first quartile submodule 21 is the first row GRWGR, the
Two row BGWBG, the third line WWRWW, fourth line GBWGR, fifth line RGWBG, the row of the color filter of the second quadrant submodule 22
Row form is the first row BGWBG, the second row GRWGR, the third line WWBWW, fourth line BGWRG, fifth line GRWGB, third quadrant
The spread pattern of the color filter of submodule 23 is the first row GBWGR, the second row RGWBG, the third line WWRWW, fourth line
GBWGB, fifth line RGWRG, the spread pattern of the color filter of fourth quadrant submodule 24 is the first row BGWRG, the second row
GRWGB, the third line WWBWW, fourth line RGWRG, fifth line GBWGB.10 × 10 pixels are formed with this 4 submodules 21~24
Replicated blocks, form the color filter array of CMOS image pixel array.
When application is of the invention, CMOS image pixel array is without using Bayer pattern or the repetition mould of other 4 × 4 pixels
Pattern of the block as the color filter, but taken off in 10 × 10 replicated blocks more than 4 × 4 pixels by above-mentioned embodiment
The pattern shown adds white filter.Also, the thus RAW format picture datas of pel array output, also without using based on Bayer
The image processing algorithm of pattern obtains coloured image, but the reconstruct of coloured image is carried out using special algorithm flow.
It is can be seen that from above-mentioned second embodiment in each submodule, red, green, blueness, white filter
The number of mirror be it is fixed, respectively 16,32,16,32；In whole 10 × 10 picture element module, the ratio of four kinds of the color filters
Example R：G：B：W=1:2:1:2.Assorted filter arrangement in four submodules is in certain rule, the filter between submodule
Number of color is also in symmetric arrays.As can be seen here, the filter color arrangement on 100 location of pixels of replicated blocks is uniform,
Therefore, the RAW format picture datas of pel array output, the effect that the random pixel that can be exported with simulation color film samples,
With resolution height, the good characteristic that moire fringes are few and color error is few.In addition, coloured filter (i.e. RGB) and colourless filter (i.e. W)
The ratio of number is 2:1, the number of colourless filter is significantly less than the number summation of coloured filter, it is assumed that with a colourless filter generation
1 times of lightsensitivity can be improved during for a coloured filter, then the susceptibility ratio of the pel array in present embodiment
The pel array of Bayer pattern will be higher by 33.3% (i.e. 2/6=33.3%).Because the number of coloured filter is much larger than colourless filter
Mirror, therefore, it can be controlled in less scope using color error caused by the pel array of present embodiment, effect
Better than prior art.Compared with the color filter pattern of the pel array in the first above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention
Compared with the increasing degree of the lightsensitivity of the color filter is relatively small in second of embodiment, but its colourless (white)
The ratio of filter is also relatively fewer, therefore color error is also relatively small.
The color filter array of second of embodiment of the present invention can be applied equally to front illuminated formula pixel
In array or back-illuminated type pel array.There is application effect the most prominent particularly in front illuminated formula pel array.
In summary, the number of pixels of the invention by changing replicated blocks in the color filter pattern, with the color filter
Number n be even number more than 4 and n/2 is in the replicated blocks of the color filter of odd number, it is big in the ratio for ensureing green filter
On the premise of red and blue filter, a certain proportion of white filter is added to improve the lightsensitivity of pel array, and lead to
Cross to a variety of colors filter in the form of certain rule it is uniform, symmetrical, come simulation color film output random pixel adopt
The effect of sample, it can control color error while strengthening incident light efficiency, significantly improving pel array lightsensitivity, ensure
The picture quality of coloured image is exported, lifts the performance of pel array.Therefore, the design of image pixel array of the invention, it is
A kind of innovation for making full use of prior art basis, its cost is controllable, has high resolution, moire fringes are few and color error is few
Good characteristic, it can significantly improve the lightsensitivity of pel array and the picture quality of its output coloured image.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the embodiment and the patent guarantor for being not used to the limitation present invention
Scope, therefore the equivalent structure change that every specification and accompanying drawing content with the present invention is made are protected, similarly should be included in
In protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of CMOS image pixel array for simulating random pixel effect, including color filter array, the color filter battle array
Row include red, green, indigo plant with the color filter pattern using n × n the color filter as replicated blocks, the replicated blocks
Color and white filter, it is characterised in that the number n of described the color filter is the even number more than 4, and n/2 is odd number；The repetition
The quantity of green filter described in module is respectively greater than red and blue filter the quantity, and the quantity of the white filter is small
In the red, green, the quantity summation of blue filter；By described the color filter of whole in the replicated blocks by arrangement position
Put respectively in 4 quadrants of plane right-angle coordinate, individual described the color filters of (n/2) × (n/2) in each quadrant
1 submodule of the replicated blocks is formed, is filtered in each submodule centered on 1 red or blue filter
Mirror, the colleague of the center filter and same column other positions all arrange the white filters, the remaining bit in the submodule
Put and occupied for other non-white filters；The center filter in adjacent 2 submodules is not homochromy, each submodule
In the green filter quantity fix, and the position of half in the rest position is occupied, in the institute of each submodule
State in rest position, the filter of any 2 adjacent colleagues or same column is not homochromy；2 sons in diagonal quadrant
Each described the color filter in module by using the origin of coordinates of the plane right-angle coordinate as symmetrical centre or using reference axis as
Symmetry axis uses glide reflection mode symmetric arrays.
2. the CMOS image pixel array of simulation random pixel effect according to claim 1, it is characterised in that form institute
The number n for stating described the color filter of replicated blocks is 6, green, red, blue, white filter described in the replicated blocks
Quantity be respectively 8,6,6,16；The center filter in 1~4 quadrant in each submodule is respectively an institute
Red, blueness, red, blue filter are stated, each the quantity of the green filter in the submodule is 2, and occupies institute
State the wherein two diagonal position in the rest position beyond the filter of center, in addition two diagonal positions by with the center
Occupied by another described the color filter that filter is not homochromy.
3. the CMOS image pixel array of simulation random pixel effect according to claim 1, it is characterised in that form institute
The number n for stating described the color filter of replicated blocks is 10, green, red, blue, white filter described in the replicated blocks
Quantity be respectively 32,18,18,32；The center filter in 1~4 quadrant in each submodule is respectively one
The individual red, blueness, red, blue filter, each the quantity of the green filter in the submodule is 8, described
Green, red, blue filter are uniformly distributed in the rest position beyond the center filter, around the center filter
8 the color filters and the center filter it is not homochromy.
4. the CMOS image pixel array of the simulation random pixel effect according to claims 1 to 3 any one, its feature
It is, the pel array is front illuminated formula pel array or back-illuminated type pel array.
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| CN212752379U (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-03-19 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Image sensor and electronic device |
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