CN103801907A - 油缸缸筒的加工方法 - Google Patents

油缸缸筒的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN103801907A
CN103801907A CN201310678300.0A CN201310678300A CN103801907A CN 103801907 A CN103801907 A CN 103801907A CN 201310678300 A CN201310678300 A CN 201310678300A CN 103801907 A CN103801907 A CN 103801907A
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徐守仁
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QINGDAO XINGCHEN MACHINE TOOL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种油缸缸筒的加工方法，属液压缸领域。缸筒本体材质为Q345B，该材料里含有Cr、Nb、Ti、Ni、V等合金元素，力学性能、焊接性能均优于45#钢。加工方法是使用冷拔钢管：冷拔→自然时效→校直→下料→焊接法兰→刮削内孔→粗车→精车；其特征在于焊接工艺参数、冷拔加工工艺参数与刮削加工工艺参数。有益效果是油缸的焊接缺陷降低了55％以上，提高了缸筒材料的断后伸长率，保证了缸筒的韧性，减小了缸筒发生脆性断裂的危险，从而使油缸的安全可靠性得到了提升。

Description

油缸缸筒的加工方法
技术领域
本发明属于一种油缸缸筒的加工方法，具体来说涉及一种使用冷拨钢管加工油缸缸筒的加工方法，主要应用于轧丝机上，属于机床制造行业。
背景技术
随着我国机床行业的迅速发展，轧丝机等机械对油缸材料的强度、韧性和焊接性能方面要求越来越高。国内机械油缸普遍采用45#钢钢管进行制造，45#钢是一般结构用钢，但由于碳含量增加了，焊接性能也就同时变差。45#钢管由于碳含量高，在焊接过程中必须进行预热、焊后保温、焊后热处理等措施，才可以消除焊接缺陷。在实际生产过程中，由于油缸的结构与加工方法的限制，很多时候无法满足这些焊接要求，于是就不可避免地在油缸焊接部位产生了较多的缺陷，现实中多数故障与质量问题都是在焊接部位产生的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种可以克服现在国内普通使用的45#钢钢管油缸性能的加工方法。
    本发明是以如下技术方案实现的：一种油缸缸筒，所述缸筒的本体材质为Q345B，其化学成分百分含量为：C ≤0.2、Si≤ 0.5、Mn≤1.7、P≤0.035、S≤0.035、Nb≤0.07、V ≤0.15、Ti ≤ 0.2、Cr ≤ 0.3、Ni ≤ 0.5、Cu ≤ 0.3、N ≤ 0.012、Mo ≤ 0.1，其余为Fe。
    上述轧丝机油缸缸筒采用Q345B 冷拔钢管加工的加工方法是：冷拔→自然时效→校直→下料→焊接法兰→刮削内孔→粗车→精车；所述的冷拔方法为：选择管坯→坯料退火→酸洗→磷化→皂化→冷拔1 →磷化→ 皂化→冷拔2 →成品回火；其中坯料退火温度：850±10℃，成品回火温度600±10℃，冷拔道次变形率：1.15-1.2。所述的缸体与法兰焊接的焊接坡口形式为U 型坡口，焊接方法为气体保护焊接，焊接参数如下：焊接电流为：第一层200-220A，第二层230-250A，第三层230-250A ；焊接电压为：第一层20-22V，第二层和第三层均为23-25 ；焊接速度为：第一层、第二层和第三层均为5-8mm.s-1 ；气流为：第一层、第二层和第二层均为18-25L.min-1 ；所述的刮削内孔采用刮削滚光机，刮削加工工艺参数为：转速460-560r/min，进给1.2mm，低压32MPa，高压46MPa ；所述缸筒的化学成分百分含量为：C ≤ 0.2、Si ≤ 0.5、Mn ≤ 1.7、P ≤ 0.035、S ≤ 0.035、Nb ≤ 0.07、V ≤ 0.15、Ti ≤ 0.2、Cr ≤ 0.3、Ni ≤ 0.5、Cu ≤ 0.3、N ≤ 0.012、Mo ≤ 0.1，其余为Fe。
所述的刮削内孔采用刮削滚光机，刮削加工工艺参数为：转速460-560r/min，进给1.2mm，低压32MPa，高压46MPa。
    与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：采用新方法加工的轧丝机油缸缸筒，油缸的焊接缺陷降低了60％以上，并且提高了缸筒材料的断后伸长率，保证了缸筒的韧性，减小了缸筒发生脆性断裂的危险，从而使油缸的安全可靠性得到了很大提升。                     
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的加工方法和效果。
    使用Q345B 冷拔钢管，原材料规格： 直径273×18，冷拔后内孔径229mm，加工后内孔径230mm(+0.07 ～ +0.03)，加工设备采用5 米刮削滚光机。此种加工方式主要使用在对强度要求更高的产品上，通过冷拔加工方式，提高钢管的强度性能，钢管外圆一般不需要经过机加工，直接焊接与刮削加工内孔。
具体工艺流程为：冷拔→校直→下料→焊接法兰→刮削内孔→粗车→精车。
冷拔方法为：选择管坯→坯料退火→酸洗→磷化→皂化→冷拔1(264/230) →磷化→皂化→冷拔2(260/229) →成品回火；其中坯料退火温度：850±10℃，成品回火温度600±10℃，冷拔道次变形率：1.15-1.2。
焊接法兰的焊接坡口形式为U 型坡口，焊接方法为气体保护焊接，保护气体成分为80％ Ar+20％ CO2，焊丝选用药芯焊丝ER50-6，焊丝直径1.2，焊接参数如下：焊接电流为：第一层200-220A，第二层230-250A，第三层230-250A ；焊接电压为：第一层20-22V，第二层和第三层均为23-25 V；焊接速度均为5-8mm.s-1 ；气流均为18-25L.min-1 ；
刮削内孔采用刮削滚光机，刮削加工工艺参数为：转速460-560r/min，进给1.0mm，低压32MPa，高压46MPa。
    经检测，油缸的焊接缺陷降低了60％以上，提高了缸筒的断后伸长率，保证了缸筒的韧性，减小了缸筒发生脆性断裂的危险。

Claims (1)

1.一种油缸缸筒的加工方法，其特征在于：使用Q345B 冷拔钢管加工，具体流程为：冷拔→自然时效→校直→下料→焊接法兰→刮削内孔→粗车→精车；所述的冷拔方法为：选择管坯→坯料退火→酸洗→磷化→皂化→冷拔1 →磷化→皂化→冷拔2 →成品回火；其中坯料退火温度：850±10℃，成品回火温度600±10℃，冷拔道次变形率：1.25-1.3 ；所述的焊接法兰的焊接坡口形式为U 型坡口，焊接方法为气体保护焊接，保护气体成分为80％ Ar+20％ CO2，焊丝选用药芯焊丝ER50-6，焊丝直径φ1.2，焊接参数如下：焊接电流为：第一层200-220A，第二层230-250A，第三层230-250A ；焊接电压为：第一层20-22V，第二层和第三层均为23-25 ；焊接速度为：第一层、第二层和第三层均为5-8mm.s-1；气流为：第一层、第二层和第二层均为18-25L.min-1 ；所述的刮削内孔采用刮削滚光机，刮削加工工艺参数为：转速460r/min，进给1.2mm，低压32MPa，高压46MPa ；所述缸筒的本体材质为Q345B，其化学成分百分含量为：C ≤ 0.2、Si ≤ 0.5、Mn ≤ 1.7、P ≤ 0.035、S ≤ 0.035、Nb ≤ 0.07、V ≤ 0.15、Ti ≤ 0.2、Cr ≤ 0.3、Ni ≤ 0.5、Cu ≤ 0.3、N ≤ 0.012、Mo ≤ 0.1，其余为Fe。
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104455168A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2015-03-25 张家港保税区亚信汽车零部件科技有限公司 一种减震器的低摩擦力缸筒及其制造方法
CN104846288A (zh) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-19 苏州劲元油压机械有限公司 一种轻型油压缸用支撑座的制造工艺
CN104889684A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-09 济南重工股份有限公司 双进双出磨机中空管加工工艺
CN109227039A (zh) * 2018-09-20 2019-01-18 珠海市机械厂有限公司 一种液压油缸缸筒的加工方法
CN111876571A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2020-11-03 常州大学 一种改善t91无缝钢管综合力学性能的生产方法
CN113182780A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-30 徐州徐工液压件有限公司 超大缸径冷拔管高效高质量内孔加工方法

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104455168A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2015-03-25 张家港保税区亚信汽车零部件科技有限公司 一种减震器的低摩擦力缸筒及其制造方法
CN104455168B (zh) * 2014-11-24 2017-03-08 张家港保税区亚信汽车零部件科技有限公司 一种减震器的低摩擦力缸筒及其制造方法
CN104846288A (zh) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-19 苏州劲元油压机械有限公司 一种轻型油压缸用支撑座的制造工艺
CN104889684A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-09 济南重工股份有限公司 双进双出磨机中空管加工工艺
CN109227039A (zh) * 2018-09-20 2019-01-18 珠海市机械厂有限公司 一种液压油缸缸筒的加工方法
CN111876571A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2020-11-03 常州大学 一种改善t91无缝钢管综合力学性能的生产方法
CN111876571B (zh) * 2020-07-23 2022-03-01 常州大学 一种改善t91无缝钢管综合力学性能的生产方法
CN113182780A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-30 徐州徐工液压件有限公司 超大缸径冷拔管高效高质量内孔加工方法

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