CN103789725A - 一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质pvd镀层、活塞环及制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质pvd镀层、活塞环及制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN103789725A
CN103789725A CN201410043806.9A CN201410043806A CN103789725A CN 103789725 A CN103789725 A CN 103789725A CN 201410043806 A CN201410043806 A CN 201410043806A CN 103789725 A CN103789725 A CN 103789725A
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piston ring
coating
nitride
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transition layer
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CN103789725B (zh
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吴映雪
刘千喜
张波
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Asimco Shuanghuan Piston Ring Yizheng Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合低摩擦系数硬质PVD镀层、活塞环及制备工艺。本发明是采用真空多弧离子镀气相沉积法,利用多个多弧离子源,结合配备不同的单一金属靶材和多元元素靶材,在钢质或铸铁活塞环表面沉积多层多元复合低摩擦系数硬质PVD镀层。所述镀层共分五层结构,总厚度可达60μm。所述镀层与活塞环表面结合强度高,硬度高,摩擦系数低,耐磨性好。控制添加元素Al、Mo、W、B、Si、Ti的添加量可比单一TiN或CrN镀层的摩擦系数再降低5~20%。

Description

一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层、活塞环及制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及活塞环表面处理技术领域,具体涉及一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层、活塞环及制备工艺。
背景技术
活塞环作为内燃机的关键部件之一,其磨损对发动机整体燃油消耗有着非常重要的影响。目前,车用发动机(尤其是柴油机)正在向高机械负荷、高输出功率(高热负荷)、低燃料消耗及低废气排放等方向发展。活塞环因此厚度变薄、重量变轻,这就要求活塞环具有很高的强度(热疲劳强度),耐磨、耐拉缸性能,以及对缸套不会造成太大磨耗的滑动特性。先进表面处理工艺在活塞环领域得到大力的推广普及。近年来,以往多用于汽油机上的钢质活塞环被逐渐引入到柴油机领域,一些柴油机开始采用钢质环。而钢质环现已大量采用较先进的氮化、喷钼及PVD工艺。
对于发动机活塞一环而言,在发动机运行时,不仅承受热疲劳、热应力的影响,同时承受由燃烧时气体爆发压力作用产生的大部分侧面压力所带来的磨损和黏着的影响。钢质活塞环表面处理已成为不可缺少的一道加工工艺。常用的方法是对钢环进行离子氮化处理,而形成耐磨氮化层,由于边缘区域的硬度明显提高以及随之而来的特殊氮析出物,使活塞环缸套副的磨损损害大大降低,活塞环侧面与环槽侧面的良协调性提高。但是,氮化钢环的耐磨性及其相对较低的热负荷承载能力,对应用于现代发动机机第一道活塞环而言,一般来说是不够的。
最新一代的活塞环镀层是按物理气相沉积法(PVD)制造的。目前,主流的表面处理方法是在活塞环的外圆工作面沉积氮化物镀层(TiN、CrN等)。形成的镀层的性能特点是具有较高的硬度(1000和2000HV之间和陶瓷结晶体组织,因此这种镀层显现出了低的磨损率和较高的化学稳定性。但是,由于这种从薄膜衍生而来的镀层工艺,使得PVD镀层在活塞环上的应用受到了限制。已经发现,在镀层厚度超过50μm的情况下,由于极高的镀层内应力,出现了镀层的附着和裂纹问题。
为了提高活塞系统的效率和寿命,高硬度耐磨涂层逐渐被广泛采用,然而硬质涂层虽可大幅提高缸套与活塞环摩擦副的耐磨寿命,却仍然对其相对运动时的摩擦系数的影响不大。虽然有效的方法还有沉积兼具低摩擦与低磨损特性的非晶碳涂层,可以是DLC(类金刚石碳),也有GLC(类石墨碳),该类涂层除了硬度较高(~20GPa)外,还具备油环境特别是贫油工况下超低的摩擦系数(<0.1),这就使其成为了目前最有前景的发动机系统减摩抗磨材料。但其无法彻底解决高温稳定性、镀层脆性和持久的耐磨性等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于在单一高硬度耐磨镀层的基础上,通过添加合适的多元元素,降低镀层的摩擦系数,提高耐磨性能。同时利用多层镀层结构,降低镀层应力,提高镀层的结合力,增加镀层的沉积厚度。
本发明是采用真空多弧离子镀气相沉积法,利用多个多弧离子源,结合配备不同的单一金属靶材和多元元素靶材,在钢质或铸铁活塞环(含氮化层或无氮化层)表面沉积多层多元复合低摩擦系数硬质活塞环PVD镀层。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,所述镀层从下至上依次为单一金属打底层、单一氮化物过渡层、单一氮化物镀层、多元氮化物过渡层及多元氮化物镀层。
本发明所述单一金属为Cr。所述单一氮化物为CrN。所述多元氮化物为Cr(Me)N;其中,所述Me为Al、Mo、W、B、Si或Ti中的一种或至少两种的组合。其中Me的典型但非限制性的例子包括:Al,Mo,W,B,Si,Mo和B的组合,W和B的组合,Mo和Si的组合,Mo、W和Si的组合,W、Mo和B的组合等,皆可用于实施本发明。
Al,Mo,W,Si,B,Ti等润滑元素可单独或组合添加进入镀层,形成最表层的Cr(Me)N硬质镀层,以保持或提高镀层的整体硬度,可达到1600~2600HV,同时其摩擦系数由0.6~0.7降低至0.3~0.6。
所述单一金属打底层的厚度为1~4μm,例如1.01~3.9μm,1.2~3.56μm,1.43~3.3μm,2.7~3.14μm,2.95~3.1μm,3.04μm等。
所述单一氮化物过渡层的厚度为1~6μm,例如1.01~5.9μm,1.2~4.56μm,2.43~3.3μm,2.7~3.14μm,2.95~3.1μm,3.04μm等。
所述单一氮化物镀层的厚度为5~20μm,例如5.02~19.6μm,10~18μm,14.5~16μm,15.3μm等。
所述多元氮化物过渡层的厚度为2~10μm,例如2.02~9.96μm,3.4~9.6μm,5.86~9.2μm,6.3~8.6μm,7~8.2μm,7.5μm等。
所述多元氮化物镀层的厚度为5~20μm,例如5.02~19.6μm,10~18μm,14.5~16μm,15.3μm等。
所述镀层的总厚度为14~60μm,例如14.01~59.8μm,15~56μm,16.7~54.2μm,18~51μm,20.3~47μm,26~43μm,29.7~40μm,32~37.5μm,34μm等。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种具有如上所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的活塞环,所述活塞环经氮化处理或不经氮化处理。所述活塞环表面与镀层之间设有氮化层或者没有氮化层。所述氮化层可由离子氮化处理或气体氮化处理产生。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的制备工艺。该工艺可用于制备如上文所述的活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层。
所述工艺在PVD真空镀层装置中进行,包括以下步骤:
(1)将活塞环表面进行净化处理;
(2)引燃单一金属靶材产生冷场致弧光放电,在活塞环表面沉积单一金属打底层;
(3)逐渐通入氮气,在单一金属打底层上沉积氮含量渐增的单一氮化物过渡层,继续沉积单一氮化物镀层;
(4)引燃多元元素靶材,逐渐升高其阴极电流,在单一氮化物镀层上沉积金属含量渐增的多元氮化物过渡层;最后沉积固定合金含量的多元氮化物镀层。
在进行步骤(2)时,控制真空腔内真空度在1.02~1.38Pa,活塞环偏压调至-17~-23V。所述真空度可选择1.03~1.37Pa,1.06~1.33Pa,1.1~1.3Pa,1.15~1.22Pa,1.18Pa等。所述偏压可选择-17.01~-22.9V,-19~-21V,-20.4V等。
步骤(3)通入氮气后,活塞环偏压调至-30~-40V,例如可选择-30.01~-39.8V,-33~-37.5V,-34.2~-36V,-35.2V等。优选地,沉积单一氮化物过渡层直至真空度维持在4~6Pa后继续沉积单一氮化物镀层。所述真空度可选择4.02~5.96Pa,4.3~5.7Pa,4.39~5.2Pa,4.7~5Pa,4.85Pa等。
步骤(4)当阴极电流提升至60~80A时,维持该阴极电流,沉积多元氮化物镀层。所述阴极电流可选择60.02~79A,64~73.4A,67.6~70A,69A等。
沉积5~20h后工艺结束。所述沉积时间可选择5.02~19.8h,5.5~17h,8~14.3h,10.3~13h,11.2h等。各层镀膜厚度由沉积时间控制,最大厚度可至60μm。
活塞环冷却至低于150℃后打开真空腔取出活塞环。
所述步骤(1)前任选进行氮化处理及氮化处理后的表面磨削处理;或,不作氮化处理直接进行表面磨削处理,以去除非疏松微观组织保证镀层结合力。
具体地说,一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的制备工艺经优化后包括以下步骤:
(1)将活塞环表面进行净化处理;
(2)控制真空腔内真空度在1.02~1.38Pa,活塞环偏压调至-17~-23V,引燃单一金属靶材产生冷场致弧光放电,在活塞环表面沉积单一金属打底层;
(3)逐渐通入氮气,活塞环偏压调至-30~-40V,在单一金属打底层上沉积氮含量渐增的单一氮化物过渡层,直至真空度维持在4~6Pa,继续沉积单一氮化物镀层;
(4)引燃多元元素靶材,逐渐升高其阴极电流,在单一氮化物镀层上沉积金属含量渐增的多元氮化物过渡层;当其阴极电流提升至60~80A时,维持该阴极电流,最后沉积固定合金含量的多元氮化物镀层;
(5)沉积5~20h后工艺结束,关闭供气系统、阴极系统、偏压系统等,活塞环冷却至低于150℃后打开真空腔取出活塞环。
采用结合配备不同的单一元素靶材靶位和多元元素的靶材靶位,以达成制备低摩擦系数的硬质PVD镀层的要求。
所述单一金属靶材为Cr靶材。所述多元元素靶材为CrAl靶材、CrMo靶材、CrW靶材、CrB靶材、CrSi或CrTi靶材。
所述多元元素靶材中Al、Mo、W、B、Si或Ti元素的添加量为5~50%atm。
所述单一金属靶材与多元元素靶材的阴极弧源的个数比为2:3或3:2。
本发明步骤(1)所述的净化处理可采用本领域常用的处理方式。典型但非限制性的例子为:
待镀活塞环经脱脂、漂洗、脱水、风切、干燥处理后,安装上活塞环专用行星转架机构上,保证活塞环工作面作为受镀面。抽取真空,开启真空腔内加热器对腔体加热保温至400~450℃,同时开启行星转架旋转系统,保证活塞环表面残余气体、水蒸汽等及时抽取排出,直至真空度抽至5×10-3Pa。通入氩气,在活塞环上施加-800~-1000V偏压,对其进行离子刻蚀,高密度高能量的金属离子流进一步将活塞环表面的残余气体污染物等溅射下来,充分净化活塞环受镀面。
与已有技术方案相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所述的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层与活塞环表面结合力好,硬度高,镀层应力低,其镀层厚度可达60μm以上而不出现开裂。镀层的整体硬度可达到1600~2600HV,同时降低其摩擦系数至0.3~0.6。控制添加元素Al、Mo、W、B、Si、Ti的添加量可比单一TiN或CrN镀层的摩擦系数再降低5~20%。
所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层不仅可以应用在钢质或铸铁活塞环表面,同时可以应用在经过氮化处理后的钢质或铸铁活塞环的表面。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的结构图;
图2是多弧离子镀设备靶位分布俯视图;
图3是CrMoN涂层截面SEM形貌;
图4是CrMoN涂层截面各元素(N、Mo、Cr、Fe)线扫描结果;
图5是CrMoN涂层摩擦系数曲线。
图中:1-单一金属打底层;2-单一氮化物过渡层;3-单一氮化物镀层;4-多元氮化物过渡层;5-多元氮化物镀层;6-阴极及多元合金靶材;7-活塞环;8-阴极及单一元素靶材;9-转动夹具;10-真空腔。
下面对本发明进一步详细说明。但下述的实例仅仅是本发明的简易例子,并不代表或限制本发明的权利保护范围,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
为更好地说明本发明,便于理解本发明的技术方案,本发明的典型但非限制性的实施例如下:
如图1所示,一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,所述镀层从下至上依次为单一金属打底层1、单一氮化物过渡层2、单一氮化物镀层3、多元氮化物过渡层4及多元氮化物镀层5。
如图2所示,所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,其生产设备腔体上安装有单一金属靶Cr靶材和二元靶材CrMo靶材。所述多弧离子镀设备包括真空腔10、转动夹具9、活塞环7、阴极及多元合金靶材6、阴极及单一元素靶材8。
实施例1
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,所述镀层从下至上依次为Cr金属打底层、CrN过渡层、CrN镀层、Cr(Mo)N过渡层及Cr(Mo)N镀层。所述Cr金属打底层的厚度为4μm。所述CrN过渡层的厚度为6μm。所述CrN镀层的厚度为20μm。所述Cr(Mo)N过渡层的厚度为10μm。所述Cr(Mo)N镀层的厚度为20μm。所述镀层的总厚度为60μm。
本实施例提供一种具有如上所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的活塞环,所述活塞环表面不经氮化处理。
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的制备工艺,所述工艺在PVD真空镀层装置中进行,包括以下步骤:
(1)将活塞环表面进行净化处理;待镀活塞环经脱脂、漂洗、脱水、风切、干燥处理后,安装上活塞环专用行星转架机构上,保证活塞环工作面作为受镀面。抽取真空,开启真空腔内加热器对腔体加热保温至450℃,同时开启行星转架旋转系统,保证活塞环表面残余气体、水蒸气等及时抽取排出,直至真空度抽至5×10-3Pa。通入一定量氩气,在活塞环上施加-900V偏压,对其进行离子刻蚀,高密度高能量的金属离子流进一步将活塞环表面的残余气体污染物等溅射下来,充分净化活塞环受镀面;
(2)控制真空腔内真空度在1.2Pa,活塞环偏压调至-20V,引燃Cr靶材产生冷场致弧光放电,在活塞环表面沉积Cr金属打底层;
(3)逐渐通入氮气,活塞环偏压调至-35V,在Cr金属打底层上沉积不同氮含量的CrN过渡层,直至真空度维持在5Pa,继续沉积均一的CrN镀层;
(4)引燃CrMo靶材,逐渐升高其阴极电流,在CrN镀层上沉积金属含量渐增的Cr(Mo)N过渡层;当其阴极电流提升75A时,维持该阴极电流,沉积均一的Cr(Mo)N镀层;
(5)沉积20h后工艺结束,关闭供气系统、阴极系统、偏压系统等,活塞环冷却至低于150℃后打开真空腔取出活塞环。
所述CrMo靶材中Mo元素的添加量为5%atm。
所述Cr金属靶材与CrMo靶材的阴极弧源的个数比为2:3。
实施例2
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,所述镀层从下至上依次为Cr金属打底层、CrN过渡层、CrN镀层、Cr(Si)N过渡层及Cr(Si)N镀层。所述Cr金属打底层的厚度为1μm。所述CrN过渡层的厚度为1μm。所述CrN镀层的厚度为5μm。所述Cr(Si)N过渡层的厚度为2μm。所述Cr(Si)N镀层的厚度为5μm。所述镀层的总厚度为14μm。
本实施例提供一种具有如上所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的活塞环,所述活塞环表面经氮化处理。
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的制备工艺,所述工艺在PVD真空镀层装置中进行,包括以下步骤:
(1)将活塞环表面进行氮化处理;
(2)进行同实施例1的净化处理;
(3)控制真空腔内真空度在1.02Pa,活塞环偏压调至-17V,引燃Cr靶材产生冷场致弧光放电,在活塞环表面沉积Cr金属打底层;
(4)逐渐通入氮气,活塞环偏压调至-40V,在Cr金属打底层上沉积不同氮含量的CrN过渡层,直至真空度维持在4Pa,继续沉积均一的CrN镀层;
(5)引燃CrSi靶材,逐渐升高其阴极电流,在CrN镀层上沉积金属含量渐增的Cr(Si)N过渡层;当其阴极电流提升至60A时,维持该阴极电流,沉积均一的Cr(Si)N镀层;
(6)沉积5h后工艺结束,关闭供气系统、阴极系统、偏压系统等,活塞环冷却至低于150℃后打开真空腔取出活塞环。
所述CrSi靶材中Si元素的添加量为50%atm。
所述Cr金属靶材与CrSi靶材的阴极弧源的个数比为3:2。
实施例3
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,所述镀层从下至上依次为Cr金属打底层、CrN过渡层、CrN镀层、Cr(Me)N过渡层及Cr(Me)N镀层。所述Me为W和B的组合。所述Cr金属打底层的厚度为3μm。所述CrN过渡层的厚度为4μm。所述CrN镀层的厚度为16μm。所述Cr(Me)N过渡层的厚度为8μm。所述Cr(Me)N镀层的厚度为19μm。所述镀层的总厚度为50μm。
本实施例提供一种具有如上所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的活塞环,所述活塞环表面不经氮化处理。
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的制备工艺,所述工艺在PVD真空镀层装置中进行,包括以下步骤:
(1)进行同实施例1的净化处理;
(2)控制真空腔内真空度在1.38Pa,活塞环偏压调至-23V,引燃Cr靶材产生冷场致弧光放电,在活塞环表面沉积Cr金属打底层;
(3)逐渐通入氮气,活塞环偏压调至-30V,在Cr金属打底层上沉积不同氮含量的CrN过渡层,直至真空度维持在6Pa,继续沉积均一的CrN镀层;
(4)引燃CrMe靶材,逐渐升高其阴极电流,在CrN镀层上沉积金属含量渐增的Cr(Me)N过渡层;当其阴极电流提升至80A时,维持该阴极电流,沉积均一的Cr(Me)N镀层;
(5)沉积17h后工艺结束,关闭供气系统、阴极系统、偏压系统等,活塞环冷却至低于150℃后打开真空腔取出活塞环。
所述CrMe靶材中W和B元素的添加量为30%atm。
所述Cr金属靶材与CrMe靶材的阴极弧源的个数比为3:2。
实施例4
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,所述镀层从下至上依次为Ti金属打底层、TiN过渡层、TiN镀层、Ti(Me)N过渡层及Ti(Me)N镀层。所述Me为Si和Mo的组合。
所述Ti金属打底层的厚度为4μm。所述TiN过渡层的厚度为2μm。所述TiN镀层的厚度为12μm。所述Ti(Me)N过渡层的厚度为6μm。所述Ti(Me)N镀层的厚度为15μm。所述镀层的总厚度为39μm。
本实施例提供一种具有如上所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的活塞环,所述活塞环表面经氮化处理。
一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的制备工艺,所述工艺在PVD真空镀层装置中进行,包括以下步骤:
(1)将活塞环表面进行氮化处理;
(2)进行同实施例1的净化处理;
(3)控制真空腔内真空度在1.2Pa,活塞环偏压调至-18V,引燃Ti靶材产生冷场致弧光放电,在活塞环表面沉积Ti金属打底层;
(4)逐渐通入氮气,活塞环偏压调至-33V,在Ti金属打底层上沉积不同氮含量的TiN过渡层,直至真空度维持在5Pa,继续沉积均一的TiN镀层;
(5)引燃TiMe靶材,逐渐升高其阴极电流,在TiN镀层上沉积金属含量渐增的Ti(Me)N过渡层;当其阴极电流提升至75A时,维持该阴极电流,沉积均一的Ti(Me)N镀层;
(6)沉积13h后工艺结束,关闭供气系统、阴极系统、偏压系统等,活塞环冷却至低于150℃后打开真空腔取出活塞环。
所述TiMe靶材中Si和Mo元素的添加量为20%atm。
所述Ti金属靶材与TiMe靶材的阴极弧源的个数比为2:3。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细结构特征以及制备方法,但本发明并不局限于上述详细结构特征以及制备方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细结构特征以及制备方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用部件的等效替换以及辅助部件的增加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层,其特征在于,所述镀层从下至上依次为单一金属打底层、单一氮化物过渡层、单一氮化物镀层、多元氮化物过渡层及多元氮化物镀层。
2.如权利要求1所述的镀层,其特征在于,所述单一金属为Cr;
优选地,所述单一氮化物为CrN;
优选地,所述多元氮化物为Cr(Me)N;其中,所述Me为Al、Mo、W、B、Si或Ti中的一种或至少两种的组合。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的镀层,其特征在于,所述单一金属打底层的厚度为1~4μm;
优选地,所述单一氮化物过渡层的厚度为1~6μm;
优选地,所述单一氮化物镀层的厚度为5~20μm;
优选地,所述多元氮化物过渡层的厚度为2~10μm;
优选地,所述多元氮化物镀层的厚度为5~20μm;
优选地,所述镀层的总厚度为14~60μm。
4.一种具有如权利要求1-3之一所述多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的活塞环,其特征在于,所述活塞环表面经氮化处理或不经氮化处理。
5.一种活塞环表面的多层多元复合硬质PVD镀层的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述工艺在PVD真空镀层装置中进行,包括以下步骤:
(1)将活塞环表面进行净化处理;
(2)引燃单一金属靶材产生冷场致弧光放电,在活塞环表面沉积单一金属打底层;
(3)逐渐通入氮气,在单一金属打底层上沉积氮含量渐增的单一氮化物过渡层,继续沉积单一氮化物镀层;
(4)引燃多元元素靶材,逐渐升高其阴极电流,在单一氮化物镀层上沉积金属含量渐增的多元氮化物过渡层;最后沉积固定合金含量的多元氮化物镀层。
6.如权利要求5所述的工艺,其特征在于,在进行步骤(2)时,控制真空腔内真空度在1.02~1.38Pa,活塞环偏压调至-17~-23V。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)通入氮气后,活塞环偏压调至-30~-40V;优选地,沉积单一氮化物过渡层直至真空度维持在4~6Pa后继续沉积单一氮化物镀层。
8.如权利要求5-7之一所述的工艺,其特征在于,步骤(4)当阴极电流提升至60~80A时,维持该阴极电流,沉积多元氮化物镀层。
9.如权利要求5-8之一所述的工艺,其特征在于,沉积5~20h后工艺结束;
优选地,活塞环冷却至低于150℃后打开真空腔取出活塞环;
优选地,所述步骤(1)前任选进行氮化处理及氮化处理后的表面磨削处理;或,不作氮化处理直接进行表面磨削处理,以去除非疏松微观组织保证镀层结合力。
10.如权利要求5-9之一所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述单一金属靶材为Cr靶材;
优选地,所述多元元素靶材为CrAl靶材、CrMo靶材、CrW靶材、CrB靶材、CrSi或CrTi靶材;
优选地,所述多元元素靶材中Al、Mo、W、B、Si或Ti元素的添加量为5~50%atm;
优选地,所述单一金属靶材与多元元素靶材的阴极弧源的个数比为2:3或3:2。
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