CN103778506A - Power grid technology innovation project standard cost management system - Google Patents
Power grid technology innovation project standard cost management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103778506A CN103778506A CN201410012410.8A CN201410012410A CN103778506A CN 103778506 A CN103778506 A CN 103778506A CN 201410012410 A CN201410012410 A CN 201410012410A CN 103778506 A CN103778506 A CN 103778506A
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Abstract
A power grid technology innovation project standard cost management system comprises technology innovation single project type sorting, single project unit final settlement account arranging, technology innovation single project standard cost management system constitution basic unit determining, power grid technology innovation single project equipment parameter sorting, sample data analyzing and calculating, and technology innovation project standard cost system establishing. On one hand, the system contributes to open and transparent fund utilizing rules, standardizes engineering project management, ensures the engineering quality and prevents the occurrence of such phenomena as money interception and diversion; and on the other hand, technology innovation cost analysis data is enabled to be observable, measurable and traceable, the efficiency and quality of technology innovation project cost evaluation, analysis and prediction are greatly enhanced, and the technology innovation project cost management and control capability is strengthened.
Description
Technical field
The novel technical method that the present invention relates to a kind of technology innovation project cost standardization management, belongs to construction costs cost management field.
Background technology
In current power grid construction process, along with the large scale investment of completion electricity power engineering is used, for guaranteeing safe operation of electric network, the input of its technological transformation is increasing, and in the middle of the implementation management of electrical network technology innovation project, cost control is important step wherein.Meanwhile, for adapting to requirement of the market economy, the requirement that meets enterprise's fine-grained management and improve operation control benefit, State Grid Corporation of China proposes " setting up cost standards system; Implementation Strategy cost management, ABCM and overall process cost management; realize cost way to manage and make the transition ", implementation criteria cost management is the important means as the management level that raise the cost, but research and the application of current domestic electric power enterprise to technological transformation standard cost management there is no ripe method and successful example.Many scholars also still rest on still plain obtaining in aspect for the research of technology innovation project standard cost management, there is no cost management architecture operability, that improve refinement.In view of this, Ji Bei Utilities Electric Co. is on the basis of the current numerous scholar's research scopes of set and the degree of depth, actively develop exploration and the innovation of the standard cost System Construction to technology innovation project, in conjunction with company's reality, explore suitable technology innovation project standard cost management system.
Along with the propelling of electricity market reform, government has improved standardization and the transparency to power grid enterprises' cost management gradually.I take charge of and implement technology innovation project standard cost System Construction, build the Cost Management Mechanism of standard and science more, am also the signalling means that initiatively adapts to industry and government regulation.From enterprise self angle, standard cost standard, implementation standard cost management, contribute to power grid enterprises to implement financial intensive management, in-depth refinement Cost Management, the estimating of guiding science, promote scientific, the lean of cost management, promote the standardization of the cost-benefit raising of electrical network infrastructure project and operation management.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, by building technology innovation project cost standard system, to be conducive to the open, transparent of use of funds rule on the one hand, standard project management, guarantees construction quality, and the fund of preventing is held back and the generation of the phenomenon such as peculation; Realized on the other hand technological transformation analysis of prices data observable, can measure, trackability, significantly promote the evaluation of technology innovation project cost, efficiency and the quality of prediction, strengthen technology innovation project cost control ability.
Standard cost are under prior art level and implementation management condition, determine and build the reasonable cost expenditure that a certain class engineering should occur, therefore engineering specification cost need be take Engineering Settlement or budget needed for the completion of projects cost level as reference, through system, rationally measuring and calculating is determined, because the item types of electrical network technology innovation project is more, comprise friendship (directly) rheology electricity, hand over (directly) stream electrical secondary system, hand over (directly) stream transmission of electricity etc., wherein electrical secondary system technology innovation project also can be divided into relay protection, full station comprehensive reformation, communication facilities, the multiple item types such as dispatch automated system, under every kind of item types, also comprise as changed transformer, change combined electrical apparatus etc. multiple single construction type, therefore technology innovation project has a significant diversity, complicacy feature, dissimilar, its difference of the technology innovation project of various criterion is very remarkable.
In view of the numerous and diverse feature of above technology innovation project, the present invention need be on the basis of the historical completion of works final accounts of electrical network data, further rationally determine the base unit that technology innovation project standard cost system forms, form base unit by system, computational analysis goes out its cost standard, set up technology innovation project standard cost system with this, ultimate principle refers to accompanying drawing 1.
The construction of standard cost system is carried out in this research by following detailed process:
(1) combing technological transformation single construction type
The combing of technological transformation standard cost individual event engineering type is divided transformer station, overhead transmission line, switchyard, cable line classification as basis take the project of " electric power network technique improvement project budget compilation and calculating standard ", contrast " electrical network technology innovation project quota " corresponding fascicle, arrange out the technological transformation single construction type of standard;
Technological transformation single construction type inventory is as follows:
(2) arrange the single construction final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money
According to the single construction type of extracting, be every kind of cost value that may combine of basic parameter value for the different condition of technological transformation single construction, divided by its quantitative index, calculate the final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money, i.e. Fee Amount under single quantity;
(3) determine that technological transformation single construction standard cost system forms base unit
The technological transformation of engineering is the basis that is updated to production equipment, comprises and changes transformer, replacing isolating switch, replacing capacitor group etc., so the equipment investment cost optimization of each model and control are the technology innovation project entirety optimization of cost of investment and the basis of control; Therefore, the present invention calculates its standard cost amount of money take the various kinds of equipment of technological transformation single construction as basic comprising unit, sets up technology innovation project standard cost system;
(4) combing electrical network technological transformation single construction device parameter
Take technology innovation project historical data as basis, the each device parameter of combing technological transformation single construction;
For example, when certain single construction is for replacing transformer, its parameter combinations is 35kV, 10MVA;
(5) sample data analysis and measurement
After to the combing of the historical engineering equipment parameter of technological transformation, obtain some data samples take device type as base unit, take the cost amount of money as main contents, then with mathematical method, these data samples are carried out to analysis and measurement, to obtain the standard cost of each device type;
According to the difference of sample size, analysis and measurement should adopt diverse ways: in the time that the sample size of equipment is more than or equal to 5, it is adopted to pareto analysis method; In the time that the sample size of equipment is less than 5, it is adopted to extreme value interval method, under concrete grammar is shown in:
(1) pareto analysis
In the time that the sample size of a certain device type is more than or equal to 5, adopt pareto analysis method to carry out data analysis measuring and calculating, process flow diagram can be referring to accompanying drawing 2, under detailed process is shown in:
1. sample data is arranged, the sample numerical value of enumerating out a certain device type is as follows:
| At the erecting equipment final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money (unit) | Frequency |
| 816504.64 | 1 |
| 783620.91 | 1 |
| 680051.28 | 1 |
| 678247.88 | 1 |
| 471623.92 | 1 |
| 353000 | 1 |
| 335627.35 | 1 |
| 319658.12 | 1 |
| 31623.94 | 1 |
| 294017.09 | 1 |
2. collect out the scope interval [min of the sample final accounts amount of money, max], recycling dichotomy further segments out the each minizone of the final accounts amount of money, until sample size forms the comparatively normal distribution relation of standard (finally setting up comparatively obvious 80% critical line of frequency accounting) in the distribution density of each minizone, concrete steps are as follows:
As above in table, final accounts amount of money maximal value is 816504.64 yuan, and minimum value is 294017.09 yuan, and difference is 522487.55 yuan, and difference two score values are 261243.78 yuan, set up statistical window as follows:
| Between window region | Frequency | Frequency accounting (%) | Accumulative total accounting (%) |
| [294017.09，555260.87] | 5 | 50 | 50 |
| [555260.87，816504.64] | 5 | 50 | 100 |
Due to for the first time two points in the situation that, do not set up obvious 80% critical line of frequency accounting.Therefore need further to carry out on this basis two points of analyses.
As by upper routine difference divided by 4, show that two score values are 130621.89 yuan, set up statistical window as follows:
| Between window region | Frequency | Frequency accounting (%) | Accumulative total accounting (%) |
| [294017.09，424638.98] | 5 | 50 | 50 |
| [555260.87，685882.75] | 2 | 20 | 70 |
| [685882.75，816504.64] | 2 | 20 | 90 |
| [424638.98，555260.87] | 1 | 10 | 100 |
Experience is for the second time after two points, and critical line is comparatively obvious;
3. calculate the mean value of the sample numerical value in above each window region, form following frequency sequence:
| At the erecting equipment final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money (unit) | Frequency | Frequency accounting (%) | Accumulative total accounting (%) |
| 266785.30 | 5 | 50 | 50 |
| 679149.58 | 2 | 20 | 70 |
| 800062.78 | 2 | 20 | 90 |
| 471623.92 | 1 | 10 | 100 |
4. according to pareto analysis method, extract frequency accounting 80% with interior all samples;
Consider under actual conditions not have just 80% accumulative total accounting, therefore crossing over first accumulative total accounting of 80% also needs to extract; Frequency sequence:
| At the erecting equipment final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money (unit) | Frequency | Frequency accounting (%) | Accumulative total accounting (%) |
| 266785.30 | 5 | 50 | 50 |
| 679149.58 | 2 | 20 | 70 |
| 800062.78 | 2 | 20 | 90 |
Using the highest sample numerical value of frequency as center, set up statistical window by the interval of the positive negative value of " standard deviation ";
Calculate according to formula:
Set up the statistical window centered by frequency time high price, calculate equally total frequency and total accounting of all samples in this window, by that analogy, total frequency of all samples and total accounting in the each window of calculating after completing;
The first step: get the final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money that frequency is the highest as normal state peak value from pareto analysis table, using positive and negative standard deviation as between window region, set up first statistical window; This window is [final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 1-final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation, final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 1+ final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation];
Second step: from pareto analysis table, get frequency time high and be not included in the final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money within the scope of first statistical window as normal state peak value, using positive and negative standard deviation as between window region, set up second statistical window.This window is [final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 2-final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation, final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 2+ final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation];
The 3rd step: from pareto analysis table, get again frequency time high and be not included in unit price within the scope of the first two statistical window as normal state peak value, using positive and negative standard deviation as between window region, set up the 3rd statistical window.This window is [final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 3-final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation, final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 3+ final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation];
The 4th step: the like, until set up last statistical window;
The 5th step: the window frequency accounting of adding up each window:
Containing final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money n frequency;
Calculate statistic window oral thermometer according to above step as follows:
| Normal state peak value | Between window region | Frequency accounting |
| 266785.30 | （121691.59，411879.01） | 55% |
| 471623.92 | （534055.87，824243.29） | 45% |
Get the highest statistical window of frequency accounting, the standard cost numerical value using the value range of this window as this device type technology innovation project;
Therefore, this routine standard cost value is (121691.59 yuan, 411879.01 yuan);
(2) extreme value section definition method
In the time that sample size is less than 5, use extreme value section definition method to carry out data analysis; The interval employing of extreme value manually got rid of abnormal data, obtains maximum value and the minimal value of data, and using the numerical value interval between maximum value and minimal value as standard cost value;
(6) set up technology innovation project standard cost system
According to the analytic statistics result to each single construction data, determine each single construction standard cost value, simultaneously according to the rule of electric pressure-item types Pinyin abbreviation-single construction type sequence number-device type serial code, each single construction are carried out to standardized numbering, form unified and standard technology innovation project standard cost module, set up technology innovation project standard cost system take modules as basis;
Set up after technology innovation project standard cost measuring and calculating system by above flow process, just can be according to the standard cost value of this system measuring and calculating technology innovation project, implementation procedure is as follows:
(1), according to the actual technological transformation technical conditions of engineering, determine the each single construction improving eyesight of actual technology innovation project;
(2) by the device type of the each single construction of actual technological transformation, corresponding standard cost module with it in screening technology innovation project standard cost system;
(3) whether the cost amount of money of judging Practical Project to screen the module obtaining meets standard cost value.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises three aspects:
(1) carry out systematization arrangement and analysis as basis take historical technology innovation project data, by the data analysing method of innovation, further excavate, form the comparatively database system of standard, the electrical network technology innovation project standard cost measuring and calculating system of setting up with this, is close to electrical network practical work needs.
(2) combing of the present invention has obtained a whole set of and can represent the single construction type in technological transformation project field.By the statistics to a large amount of actual technology innovation project, analysis, build actual features in conjunction with electrical network technology innovation project, rationally merger, scientific optimization technological transformation single construction, each single construction boundary condition is clear and definite, rational in infrastructure, cover comprehensively, be conducive to carrying out of following correlative study sex work.
(3) effectively assist definite technology innovation project internal cost control mark post, rigorously enforce technology innovation project cost control.By setting up modular technology innovation project standard cost system, by liberalization combination and the splicing of each module, use flexibly, be succinctly suitable for, realize the standardization of technology innovation project cost investment and calculate fast, for the control of investment of technology innovation project cost provides clear and definite foundation and method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is technology innovation project standard cost system ultimate principle figure;
Fig. 2 is pareto analysis schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 3 technology innovation project standard cost implementing procedure figure.
Embodiment
(1) first actual technology innovation project is decomposed according to single construction type inventory, and determine the each single construction device parameter decomposing;
Change transformer (35kV, 10MVA) as certain technology innovation project comprises, change isolating switch (vacuum circuit breaker), change disconnector (35kV).
(2) in conjunction with the device parameter of each single construction, the contrast mechanism of apparatus for establishing parameter, searches and becomes modules corresponding in body series with match-on criterion with this;
As above-mentioned replacing transformer (35kV, 10MVA), can find in standard cost system corresponding with it module cost standard min is 342826 yuan, and the upper limit is 419009 yuan.
(3) according to the total construction scale of the each module of Practical Project, carry out the cumulative of each module cost value, finally calculate the standard cost value of actual technology innovation project;
Change 2, transformer (35kV, 10MVA) as needed in Practical Project, the module standard value at cost lower limit of measuring and calculating is 685652 yuan, and the upper limit is 838018 yuan
(4) contrast with the Practical Project cost file of submitting to a higher level for approval or revision by the standard cost value of measuring and calculating, and then carry out the evaluation analysis of construction costs.
If the cost amount of money of Practical Project is 725632 yuan, and standard cost are (685652 yuan, 838018 yuan), can judge and comparatively standard of its cost amount of money not exceed standard cost.
Concrete implementing procedure figure is shown in accompanying drawing 3.
Claims (1)
1. electrical network technology innovation project standard cost management system, is characterized in that:
(1) combing technological transformation single construction type
The combing of technological transformation standard cost individual event engineering type is divided transformer station, overhead transmission line, switchyard, cable line classification as basis take the project of " electric power network technique improvement project budget compilation and calculating standard ", contrast " electrical network technology innovation project quota " corresponding fascicle, arrange out the technological transformation single construction type of standard;
Technological transformation single construction type inventory is as follows:
(2) arrange the single construction final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money
According to the single construction type of extracting, be every kind of cost value that may combine of basic parameter value for the different condition of technological transformation single construction, divided by its quantitative index, calculate the final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money, i.e. Fee Amount under single quantity;
(3) determine that technological transformation single construction standard cost system forms base unit
The technological transformation of engineering is the basis that is updated to production equipment, comprises and changes transformer, replacing isolating switch, replacing capacitor group etc., so the equipment investment cost optimization of each model and control are the technology innovation project entirety optimization of cost of investment and the basis of control; Therefore, the present invention calculates its standard cost amount of money take the various kinds of equipment of technological transformation single construction as basic comprising unit, sets up technology innovation project standard cost system;
(4) combing electrical network technological transformation single construction device parameter
Take technology innovation project historical data as basis, the each device parameter of combing technological transformation single construction;
For example, when certain single construction is for replacing transformer, its parameter combinations is 35kV, 10MVA;
(5) sample data analysis and measurement
After to the combing of the historical engineering equipment parameter of technological transformation, obtain some data samples take device type as base unit, take the cost amount of money as main contents, then with mathematical method, these data samples are carried out to analysis and measurement, to obtain the standard cost of each device type;
According to the difference of sample size, analysis and measurement should adopt diverse ways: in the time that the sample size of equipment is more than or equal to 5, it is adopted to pareto analysis method; In the time that the sample size of equipment is less than 5, it is adopted to extreme value interval method, under concrete grammar is shown in:
(1) pareto analysis
In the time that the sample size of a certain device type is more than or equal to 5, adopt pareto analysis method to carry out data analysis measuring and calculating, process flow diagram can be referring to accompanying drawing 2, under detailed process is shown in:
1. sample data is arranged, the sample numerical value of enumerating out a certain device type is as follows:
2. collect out the scope interval [min of the sample final accounts amount of money, max], recycling dichotomy further segments out the each minizone of the final accounts amount of money, until sample size forms the comparatively normal distribution relation of standard (finally setting up comparatively obvious 80% critical line of frequency accounting) in the distribution density of each minizone, concrete steps are as follows:
As above in table, final accounts amount of money maximal value is 816504.64 yuan, and minimum value is 294017.09 yuan, and difference is 522487.55 yuan, and difference two score values are 261243.78 yuan, set up statistical window as follows:
Due to for the first time two points in the situation that, do not set up obvious 80% critical line of frequency accounting.Therefore need further to carry out on this basis two points of analyses.
As by upper routine difference divided by 4, show that two score values are 130621.89 yuan, set up statistical window as follows:
Experience is for the second time after two points, and critical line is comparatively obvious;
3. calculate the mean value of the sample numerical value in above each window region, form following frequency sequence:
4. according to pareto analysis method, extract frequency accounting 80% with interior all samples;
Consider under actual conditions not have just 80% accumulative total accounting, therefore crossing over first accumulative total accounting of 80% also needs to extract; Frequency sequence:
Using the highest sample numerical value of frequency as center, set up statistical window by the interval of the positive negative value of " standard deviation ";
the average final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money=Σ (final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money * frequency)/total frequency;
Calculate according to formula:
Set up the statistical window centered by frequency time high price, calculate equally total frequency and total accounting of all samples in this window, by that analogy, total frequency of all samples and total accounting in the each window of calculating after completing;
The first step: get the final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money that frequency is the highest as normal state peak value from pareto analysis table, using positive and negative standard deviation as between window region, set up first statistical window; This window is [final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 1-final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation, final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 1+ final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation];
Second step: from pareto analysis table, get frequency time high and be not included in the final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money within the scope of first statistical window as normal state peak value, using positive and negative standard deviation as between window region, set up second statistical window.This window is [final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 2-final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation, final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 2+ final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation];
The 3rd step: from pareto analysis table, get again frequency time high and be not included in unit price within the scope of the first two statistical window as normal state peak value, using positive and negative standard deviation as between window region, set up the 3rd statistical window.This window is [final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 3-final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation, final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money 3+ final settlement of accounts per unit amount of money standard deviation];
The 4th step: the like, until set up last statistical window;
The 5th step: the window frequency accounting of adding up each window:
Calculate statistic window oral thermometer according to above step as follows:
Get the highest statistical window of frequency accounting, the standard cost numerical value using the value range of this window as this device type technology innovation project;
Therefore, this routine standard cost value is (121691.59 yuan, 411879.01 yuan);
(2) extreme value section definition method
In the time that sample size is less than 5, use extreme value section definition method to carry out data analysis; The interval employing of extreme value manually got rid of abnormal data, obtains maximum value and the minimal value of data, and using the numerical value interval between maximum value and minimal value as standard cost value;
(6) set up technology innovation project standard cost system
According to the analytic statistics result to each single construction data, determine each single construction standard cost value, simultaneously according to the rule of electric pressure-item types Pinyin abbreviation-single construction type sequence number-device type serial code, each single construction are carried out to standardized numbering, form unified and standard technology innovation project standard cost module, set up technology innovation project standard cost system take modules as basis;
Set up after technology innovation project standard cost measuring and calculating system by above flow process, just can be according to the standard cost value of this system measuring and calculating technology innovation project, implementation procedure is as follows:
(1), according to the actual technological transformation technical conditions of engineering, determine the each single construction improving eyesight of actual technology innovation project;
(2) by the device type of the each single construction of actual technological transformation, corresponding standard cost module with it in screening technology innovation project standard cost system;
(3) whether the cost amount of money of judging Practical Project to screen the module obtaining meets standard cost value.
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