CN103772856A - 一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103772856A
CN103772856A CN201410031836.8A CN201410031836A CN103772856A CN 103772856 A CN103772856 A CN 103772856A CN 201410031836 A CN201410031836 A CN 201410031836A CN 103772856 A CN103772856 A CN 103772856A
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polyvinyl chloride
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石磊
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NANTONG RED STON TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/625—Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/875—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling for achieving a non-uniform temperature distribution, e.g. using barrels having both cooling and heating zones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885—Screw or gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing

Abstract

本发明涉及一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法，聚氯乙烯复合塑料由以下成分按照重量比组成：聚氯乙烯为35～40份、聚丙烯酸为8～11份、聚二甲基硅氧烷为7～10份、氨基硅氧烷为5～9份、聚丙烯腈为2～4份、甲基纤维素为6～9份、硬脂酸锌为7～14份。将聚氯乙烯复合塑料各组成成份高温共熔混合、再使用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压造粒，最后切粒得到聚氯乙烯复合塑料。制成的聚氯乙烯复合塑料具有良好的耐高温效果和较高的弯曲强度，可用于塑料中提高塑料产品的性能。

Description

一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合塑料及其制备方法，特别是涉及一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯由氯乙烯单体聚合制备得到，它是一种常见的塑料成分。聚氯乙烯经常被用来制作管材、文具盒等物品。除此以外，聚氯乙烯在薄膜中也有非常良好的应用，聚氯乙烯薄膜具有较高的透明度，使聚氯乙烯薄膜更加美观。在雨衣、台布、帐篷等物品中，我们也可以看到聚氯乙烯的存在。
     但是，聚氯乙烯不具有良好的耐热性，在经受较高温度时，聚氯乙烯的强度会降低，影响其产品的正常使用。聚氯乙烯塑料的弯曲强度也较低，在受到较大的弯曲力时，聚氯乙烯的强度较低也较快，这些都严重地影响着聚氯乙烯塑料的使用。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题：常规的聚氯乙烯塑料的耐热性能较差、弯曲强度较低，严重的影响聚氯乙烯复合塑料的使用。
技术方案：本发明公开了一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料及其制备方法，聚氯乙烯复合塑料由以下成分按照重量比组成：聚氯乙烯为35～40份、聚丙烯酸为8～11份、聚二甲基硅氧烷为7～10份、氨基硅氧烷为5～9份、聚丙烯腈为2～4份、甲基纤维素为6～9份、硬脂酸锌为7～14份。
一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）首先将反应罐温度调节为140℃，向反应罐中投入聚氯乙烯为35～40份、聚丙烯酸为8～11份、聚二甲基硅氧烷为7～10份、氨基硅氧烷为5～9份，将上述成分进行搅拌处理，高温溶解均匀；（2）再将反应罐温度调节为160℃，向反应罐中加入聚丙烯腈为2～4份、甲基纤维素为6～9份、硬脂酸锌为7～14份，高温下搅拌均匀，得到熔融的塑料混合物；（3）将熔融的塑料混合物用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压造粒，所述的双螺杆挤压机转速为90rpm～130rpm，双螺杆挤压机的长径比为40:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为165～185℃，第二段为185～205℃，第三段为205～225℃；（4）双螺杆挤压造粒后，将复合塑料进行切粒处理，得聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
制备过程中，加入的聚氯乙烯优选为40份。
双螺杆挤压过程中，第一段挤压温度优选为175～185℃。
高温混合时，加入的聚二甲基硅氧烷优选为7份。
有益效果：本发明方法制备的聚氯乙烯复合塑料具有良好的耐热效果和较大的弯曲强度，其可耐90℃加热15至25h无软化和变形情况发生，弯曲强度测定标准为ASTMD790，聚氯乙烯复合塑料的弯曲强度为77MPa至84Mpa，同时具备了良好的耐热效果和较高的弯曲强度，提高了聚氯乙烯塑料的复合性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）首先将反应罐温度调节为140℃，向反应罐中投入聚氯乙烯为35kg、聚丙烯酸为11kg、聚二甲基硅氧烷为10kg、氨基硅氧烷为9kg，将上述成分进行搅拌处理，高温溶解均匀；（2）再将反应罐温度调节为160℃，向反应罐中加入聚丙烯腈为2kg、甲基纤维素为6kg、硬脂酸锌为7kg，高温下搅拌均匀，得到熔融的塑料混合物；（3）将熔融的塑料混合物用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压造粒，所述的双螺杆挤压机转速为90rpm，双螺杆挤压机的长径比为40:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为175℃，第二段为205℃，第三段为205℃；（4）双螺杆挤压造粒后，将复合塑料进行切粒处理，得聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
实施例2
聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）首先将反应罐温度调节为140℃，向反应罐中投入聚氯乙烯为40kg、聚丙烯酸为8kg、聚二甲基硅氧烷为7kg、氨基硅氧烷为5kg，将上述成分进行搅拌处理，高温溶解均匀；（2）再将反应罐温度调节为160℃，向反应罐中加入聚丙烯腈为4kg、甲基纤维素为8kg、硬脂酸锌为14kg，高温下搅拌均匀，得到熔融的塑料混合物；（3）将熔融的塑料混合物用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压造粒，所述的双螺杆挤压机转速为110rpm，双螺杆挤压机的长径比为40:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为165℃，第二段为185℃，第三段为215℃；（4）双螺杆挤压造粒后，将复合塑料进行切粒处理，得聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
实施例3
聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）首先将反应罐温度调节为140℃，向反应罐中投入聚氯乙烯为37kg、聚丙烯酸为9kg、聚二甲基硅氧烷为9kg、氨基硅氧烷为7kg，将上述成分进行搅拌处理，高温溶解均匀；（2）再将反应罐温度调节为160℃，向反应罐中加入聚丙烯腈为3kg、甲基纤维素为9kg、硬脂酸锌为10kg，高温下搅拌均匀，得到熔融的塑料混合物；（3）将熔融的塑料混合物用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压造粒，所述的双螺杆挤压机转速为130rpm，双螺杆挤压机的长径比为40:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为185℃，第二段为195℃，第三段为225℃；（4）双螺杆挤压造粒后，将复合塑料进行切粒处理，得聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
制备结束后，取实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的样品，将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的聚氯乙烯复合塑料在温度为90℃下分别加热15h、25h、35h，再分别取实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的样品测定去完全强度，弯曲强度测定方法为ASTMD790，结果如下。
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
耐热性（90℃） 加热15h后无软化、变形情况 加热25h后无软化、变形情况 加热35h后局部有软化情况产生
弯曲强度（MPa） 83 84 77
由上表可知，制备的聚氯乙烯复合塑料具有良好的耐热性能和较高的弯曲强度，可以满足对此方面性能要求较高的塑料制品的需要。

Claims (5)

1.一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料，其特征在于聚氯乙烯复合塑料由以下成分按照重量比组成：聚氯乙烯为35～40份、聚丙烯酸为8～11份、聚二甲基硅氧烷为7～10份、氨基硅氧烷为5～9份、聚丙烯腈为2～4份、甲基纤维素为6～9份、硬脂酸锌为7～14份。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）首先将反应罐温度调节为140℃，向反应罐中投入聚氯乙烯为35～40份、聚丙烯酸为8～11份、聚二甲基硅氧烷为7～10份、氨基硅氧烷为5～9份，将上述成分进行搅拌处理，高温溶解均匀；（2）再将反应罐温度调节为160℃，向反应罐中加入聚丙烯腈为2～4份、甲基纤维素为6～9份、硬脂酸锌为7～14份，高温下搅拌均匀，得到熔融的塑料混合物；（3）将熔融的塑料混合物用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压造粒，所述的双螺杆挤压机转速为90rpm～130rpm，双螺杆挤压机的长径比为40:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为165～185℃，第二段为185～205℃，第三段为205～225℃；（4）双螺杆挤压造粒后，将复合塑料进行切粒处理，得聚氯乙烯复合塑料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于加入的聚氯乙烯为40份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于第一段挤压温度为175～185℃。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种聚氯乙烯复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于加入的聚二甲基硅氧烷为7份。
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CN105295320A (zh) * 2015-12-04 2016-02-03 常熟市白茆通讯配件厂 漏电开关配件
CN106519707A (zh) * 2016-11-08 2017-03-22 郑州诚合信息技术有限公司 一种阻抗导热复合塑料及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20140507