CN103772786B - 一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103772786B
CN103772786B CN201410004020.6A CN201410004020A CN103772786B CN 103772786 B CN103772786 B CN 103772786B CN 201410004020 A CN201410004020 A CN 201410004020A CN 103772786 B CN103772786 B CN 103772786B
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邓志
彭晓翊
秦小梅
李白千
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Rifeng Enterprise Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，它包括以下组分：聚烯烃、改性剂、增容剂和/或吸附载体，其中聚烯烃为高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯或乙烯和丙烯无规共聚物；改性剂为聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、有机硅油、含氟硅氧烷以及含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂中的一种或多种任意重量比的混合物；增容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃或丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚烯烃中的一种或两种任意重量比的混合物；吸附载体为多孔分子筛，改性剂为聚偏氟乙烯时，改性剂与聚烯烃的重量比为10:90-50:50，改性剂为有机硅油、含氟硅氧烷以及含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂时，改性剂与聚烯烃的重量比为0.5:99.5-10:90。本发明的拒水拒油性能显著提高。

Description

一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种硅氟改性聚烯烃材料及其制备。
背景技术
具有极低表面自由能的材料，能够表现出突出的耐粘污性、耐候性、高耐热和高耐酸碱性等诸多优异性能。可以广泛的应用在可以广泛应用于工业生产的防水防油防污垢处理等领域。含氟聚合物和硅氧烷是两类表面能极低的代表性材料。其中含氟聚合物中的氟是所有元素中电负性最高的，而范德华原子半径又是除氢外最小的，氟原子的极化率最低，氟原子与碳原子形成的单键的键能与碳原子和其他原子形成的单键的键能相比是最高的，而且键长较短，氟原子和碳原子能够形成非常牢固的共价键。而另一种低表面自由能的物质硅氧烷又称为有机硅材料，它是一类具有半有机半无机结构的特殊高分子材料，具有独特的优异性能。由于有机硅材料自身的特点，有机硅添加剂中的有机硅组分与塑料基材C—C链既相容又相异，因而既可相互混合发挥特有作用，又不会被聚合物基材完全“淹没同化”失效，加入少量的有机硅助剂即可达到明显的改进效果。
虽然含氟聚合物具有诸多优异性能，但是其加工困难，且价格相较于普通聚合物又太高，如何发挥含氟聚合物与普通聚合物双方的优点，克服双方的缺点，是目前研究的热点和难点。
而有机硅材料应用于塑料加工行业始于20世纪70年代初，最初硅油是作为内部润滑剂以及脱模剂用于聚烯烃注射成型，由于它们与聚烯烃之间的不相容性，低摩尔质量的液态有机硅会迁移至塑料制件的表面并铺展开，这极大地阻碍了该类硅油在塑料上的应用。因此开发新型的有机硅材料，并将其用作塑料加工助剂是目前塑料加工助剂行业的一个研究热点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，使用硅氟改性剂对聚烯烃塑料进行改性，使其具有更低的表面自由能且性能稳定，具有良好的耐粘污性、耐候性、高耐热和高耐酸碱性能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，它包括以下组分：聚烯烃、改性剂、增容剂和/或吸附载体，其中聚烯烃为高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯或乙烯和丙烯无规共聚物；改性剂为聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、有机硅油、含氟硅氧烷以及含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂中的一种或多种任意重量比的混合物；增容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃或丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚烯烃中的一种或两种任意重量比的混合物；吸附载体为多孔分子筛，改性剂为聚偏氟乙烯时，改性剂与聚烯烃的重量比为10:90-50:50，改性剂为有机硅油、含氟硅氧烷以及含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂时，改性剂与聚烯烃的重量比为0.5:99.5-10:90。
采用聚四氟乙烯等氟塑料、有机硅油以及含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂作为改性添加剂，加入到聚烯烃中，通过增容剂和/或吸附载体提高二者之间的相容性，提高硅氟改性剂在聚烯烃基材中的分散均匀性，达到适度增容的效果，从而通过简单工艺便可以将氟添加至聚烯烃塑料中，改性制备后的聚烯烃塑料具有极低的表面自由能，可以显著提高其疏水疏油性和防腐防垢等性能。
所述吸附载体与所述改性剂的重量比为1:1-1:5。
所述增容剂的用量为所述改性剂质量的2-10％。
其原料还包括色母粒。可以制成不同颜色的改性复合材料。
将聚烯烃、改性剂、增容剂和/或吸附载体混匀，投入密炼机中于170～250℃温度范围下熔融共混，密炼机的转速控制在30～60rpm，混料时间为5-20分钟，得到硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料。
本发明的优点是：可以在聚烯烃塑料中引入稳定的硅氟素质，工艺简单，成本低，拒水拒油性能显著提高。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，其原料包括聚烯烃、聚四氟乙烯粉末和增容剂，称取24克聚四氟乙烯粉末(牌号L-5，日本大金工业株式会社)，36克中密度聚乙烯MDPE(牌号SP980，韩国LG化学公司)，即聚四氟乙烯粉末与聚烯烃的重量比为40:60，增容剂是接枝率为1.5％的马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯，其用量为1.2克。
其制备方法：将聚四氟乙烯粉末、MDPE和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯预先混匀，然后投入到密炼机中，于200℃的温度下熔融共混，密炼机的转速控制在50rpm，熔融共混10分钟，即可得到含氟改性剂的塑料。
本实施例中选用的原料改性剂和增容剂均为白色，制成的改性塑料也为白色。可以在原料中添加色母粒制成不同颜色的改性塑料，满足不同领域的需求。
为验证改性剂和增容剂添加后效果，选取36克中密度聚乙烯MDPE(牌号SP980，韩国LG化学公司)为对比例1，按照同样的制备方法加入密炼机中，200℃的温度下熔融，密炼机的转速控制在50rpm，熔融共混10分钟，即可得到对比例1的塑料。
选用德国KRUSS公司K12型接触角测量仪器，按照《ASTMD5725StandardTestMethodforSurfaceWettabilityandAbsorbencyofSheetedMaterialsUsinganAutomatedContactAngleTester》分别测试实施例1和对比例1的水接触角、正十六烷接触角，选用MarSurfXR20粗糙度测量仪按照GB/T14234塑料件表面粗糙度》分别测试实施例1和对比例1的表面粗糙度，具体结果如下表：
表1实施例1与对比例1的测试结果
测试项目 实施例1 对比例1
水接触角(°) 125 92
正十六烷接触角(°) 46 21
表面粗糙度(μm) 0.124 0.156
从表1可以看出，实施例1中的改性聚烯烃复合材料表面上水的接触角增大为对比例1的135％，正十六烷的接触角增大为对比例1的219％，表面粗糙度也降低为对比例的79.5％。
实施例2
一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，其原料组成为含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂、聚烯烃和吸附载体，其中称取3克含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂(牌号TG1001，日本大金工业株式会社)，57克MDPE(牌号SP980，韩国LG化学公司)，即含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂与聚烯烃的重量比为5:95，吸附载体(牌号Sipernat22，德国EVONIKDegussa)用量为1克。
其制备方法：将含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂研磨成60～150目粒径的粉末后，与MDPE、吸附载体预先混匀，然后投入到密炼机中，于190℃的温度下熔融共混，密炼机的转速控制在50rpm，熔融共混10min，即可得到改性聚烯烃复合材料。
为验证改性剂和吸附载体添加后效果，选57克MDPE(牌号SP980，韩国LG化学公司)，投入到密炼机中，于190℃的温度下熔融共混，密炼机的转速控制在50rpm，熔融共混10min，即可得到对比例2的塑料。
选用德国KRUSS公司K12型接触角测量仪器，按照《ASTMD5725StandardTestMethodforSurfaceWettabilityandAbsorbencyofSheetedMaterialsUsinganAutomatedContactAngleTester》分别测试实施例2和对比例2的水接触角、正十六烷接触角、表面粗糙度，选用MarSurfXR20粗糙度测量仪按照《GB/T14234塑料件表面粗糙度》分别测试实施例2和对比例2的表面粗糙度，具体结果如下表：
表2实施例2与对比例2测试结果
测试项目 实施例2 对比例2
水接触角(°) 130 92
正十六烷接触角(°) 55 21
表面粗糙度(μm) 0.096 0.156
结合表2可以看出，实施例2中的改性聚烯烃复合材料表面上水的接触角增大为对比例2的141％，正十六烷的接触角增大为对比例2的262％，表面粗糙度也降低为对比例的61.5％。
实施例3
一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，其原料组成为含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂、聚四氟乙烯粉末、聚烯烃、增容剂和吸附载体，称取1.2克含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂(牌号TG1001，日本大金工业株式会社)，12克聚四氟乙烯粉末(牌号LB-202，日本大金工业株式会社)，46.8克MDPE(牌号SP980，韩国LG化学公司)，即含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂、聚四氟乙烯粉末和聚烯烃的重量比为2:20:78，增容剂是接枝率为1.5％的马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯，其用量为0.8克，吸附载体(牌号Sipernat22，德国EVONIKDegussa)用量为0.5克。
其制备方法：将含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂研磨成粉末与聚四氟乙烯粉末、MDPE、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和吸附载体预先混匀，然后投入到密炼机中，于200℃的温度下熔融共混，密炼机的转速控制在50rpm，熔融共混10min，即可得到改性的聚烯烃复合材料。
为验证改性剂、增容剂和吸附载体添加后效果，选用46.8克MDPE(牌号SP980，韩国LG化学公司)，投入到密炼机中，于200℃的温度下熔融共混，密炼机的转速控制在50rpm，熔融共混10min，即可得到对比例3。
选用德国KRUSS公司K12型接触角测量仪器，按照《ASTMD5725StandardTestMethodforSurfaceWettabilityandAbsorbencyofSheetedMaterialsUsinganAutomatedContactAngleTester》分别测试实施例1和对比例1的水接触角、正十六烷接触角、表面粗糙度，选用MarSurfXR20粗糙度测量仪按照《GB/T14234塑料件表面粗糙度》分别测试实施例3和对比例3的表面粗糙度，具体结果如下表：
表3实施例3与对比例3测试结果
测试项目 实施例3 对比例3
水接触角(°) 140 92
正十六烷接触角(°) 64 21
表面粗糙度(μm) 0.082 0.156
结合表3可以看出，实施例3中的改性聚烯烃复合材料表面上水的接触角增大为对比例3的152％，正十六烷的接触角增大为对比例3的305％，表面粗糙度也降低为对比例的52.6％。
上列详细说明是针对本发明可行实施例的具体说明，该实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更，均应包含于本案的专利范围中。

Claims (4)

1.一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：它包括以下原料组分：聚烯烃、改性剂、增容剂和/或吸附载体，其中聚烯烃为中密度聚乙烯；改性剂为聚偏氟乙烯、有机硅油、含氟硅氧烷以及含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂中的一种或多种任意重量比的混合物；增容剂为丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚烯烃；吸附载体为多孔分子筛，改性剂为聚偏氟乙烯时，改性剂与聚烯烃的重量比为10:90-50:50，改性剂为有机硅油、含氟硅氧烷以及含有全氟烃基官能团的烯烃类表面改性剂时，改性剂与聚烯烃的重量比为0.5:99.5-10:90。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：所述吸附载体与所述改性剂的重量比为1:1-1:5。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：所述增容剂的用量为所述改性剂质量的2-10％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种硅氟改性聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：其原料还包括色母粒。
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