CN103768754B - 一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物 - Google Patents
一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103768754B CN103768754B CN201410014546.2A CN201410014546A CN103768754B CN 103768754 B CN103768754 B CN 103768754B CN 201410014546 A CN201410014546 A CN 201410014546A CN 103768754 B CN103768754 B CN 103768754B
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- fire extinguishing
- derivatives
- unsaturated hydrocarbon
- combustion
- containing unsaturated
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，所述灭火组合物利用烟火药剂燃烧的高温使该灭火组合物产生出大量的可灭火物质，从而达到灭火的目的。本发明灭火组合物组分构成简单、性能稳定、易于长期贮存且无毒性，对环境友好性能优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于气溶胶灭火技术领域，特别是一种热气溶胶灭火组合物。
背景技术
自从1987年加拿大蒙特利尔公约对各国提出取代哈龙灭火剂的具体目标以来，世界各国都在致力于新的灭火技术的研究，既要灭火效率高，又要对环境无污染的灭火技术是人们努力的方向。
气体灭火系统，干粉灭火系统及水系灭火系统等由于对环境无害被作为哈龙灭火剂的替代品得到了广泛使用。二氧化碳，IG541等惰性气体灭火系统的灭火机理主要为物理灭火，通过降低着火区的氧气浓度而窒息灭火，这种灭火方式容易对人身安全造成威胁，干粉灭火系统则是通过在加压气体作用下喷出的粉末与火焰接触，发生物理化学抑制作用而灭火，水雾灭火系统是通过细水雾的冷却，窒息和隔绝热辐射的三重作用下达到控制火灾，抑制火灾和扑灭火灾的目的。
然而，这些灭火系统都需要高压贮存，不仅体积大，在贮存过程中还存在物理爆炸的危险，文献“气体灭火系统的安全性分析”（消防科学及技术200221（5））分析了气体灭火系统所存在的危险，并列举了贮压式气体灭火系统在使用中所引发的安全事故。
现有的热气溶胶灭火剂主要有S型和K型灭火剂，通过综合分析其性能特点，其灭火机理为热气溶胶灭火剂利用药剂燃烧发生氧化还原反应释放出大量气体、活性粒子、通过活性粒子的断链反应，大量气体的覆盖窒息，实现化学与物理相结合的灭火目的。其不足之处在于热气溶胶灭火剂在发生燃烧反应释放出热气溶胶的同时，会释放出大量的热，可能会造成二次燃烧，为有效降低装置和气溶胶的温度，避免发生二次火灾，需要增加冷却系统，现有热气溶胶灭火装置的冷却降温材料虽然能降低产品的温度，同时也大大削弱了产品的灭火性能，为了弥补冷却系统带来的灭火性能上的损失，很多产品要么降低了灭火级别，要么继续加大实际灭火剂的质量，使得产品体积增大，使用效率下降，这导致装置结构复杂笨重，工艺流程复杂，成本高，而且喷口温度较高，容易对灭火人员造成伤害。
发明内容
针对现有灭火装置的现状，特别是气溶胶灭火系统中的固有缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种更安全，更高效的灭火组合物。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物；所述灭火组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物中不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的质量含量≥35%。
进一步地，所述不饱和烃化合物包括：苯乙炔，1-庚炔，1-己炔，二苯基乙炔，二苯基乙炔，叔丁基乙炔，2-丁炔，1-己炔，中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物中还包含不饱和烃类化合物的衍生物，所述不饱和化合物的烃衍生物包括：苯乙烯磺酸钠，乙烯基二茂铁，醋酸双烯雌酚，甲基丙烯酰胺，4-乙烯基苄氯，甲基丙烯酸氧杂环丁烷酯，氯甲酸丙烯酯，苯乙烯磺酸钠，双丙酮丙烯酰胺,双羟甲基乙炔，1,4丁炔二醇，，3-氯丙炔，3-溴丙炔，乙氧基乙炔，炔丙胺,丁炔酸乙酯，丙炔酸乙酯,环丙乙炔,对称二苯乙炔,3-氨基苯乙炔，三异丙基硅基乙炔，2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-胺，2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-醇，(三甲基硅烷基)乙炔，，双(三甲基硅基)乙炔，(三乙基甲硅烷基)乙炔，苯乙炔，4-乙炔苯甲醇，三炔丙基胺，3-氯-3-甲基-1-丁炔，4-二氯-2-丁炔,对苯醌、邻苯二胺、对苯二胺、间苯二胺、邻苯二甲酸氢钾、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酰亚氨钾、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、十溴联苯醚、苯骈三氮唑、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯、1,4-二溴苯、1,4-二氯苯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、氨基比林、蒽醌、二安替比林甲烷，4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷，二苯甲烷，1,2-二苯乙烷，苯基三甲基氯化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三甲基溴化铵、1,4-双(3,4-二羟基苯)-2,3-二甲基丁烷，1,6-双(二苯膦基)己烷，对硝基苯溴甲烷，并五苯,对溴碘苯,偶氮苯,联苯,六甲苯，对二甲苯二聚体,六氟苯,苯甲砜,喹啉-8-硼酸，二苯乙腈，5-甲氧基靓红，苯酞,苯并咪唑,苯并噻吩,苯胺黑,苯酚红,苯硼酸,苯胂酸,苯磺酸钠,苯基膦酸,苯甲酸酐，苯甲酸银，苯甲酰胺，苯甲酰肼，苯妥英钠，邻苯二甲酰亚胺,苯甲酰苯胺，苯甲酰乙晴，苯并(a)芘，苯基胍碳酸盐，苯基乙烯基砜，苯甲基磺酰氟，苯甲酰二茂铁，苯甲酸2-萘酯，苯并噻唑-2-乙腈，苯甲氧羰酰琥珀酰亚胺，噻苯隆，阿苯达唑，二苯甲烷，1-溴-2-苯氧基乙烷,三苯基膦，四苯硼钠，四苯硼钾，邻苯二酚紫,邻苯二甲酰肼,三苯基氯化锡,三苯基氯甲烷,三苯基氧化膦,四苯基溴化鏻,三苯基膦醋酸钯,三苯基膦氯化钌,对苯二甲酸单甲酯,2,4-二甲苯磺酸钠,2-苯基咪唑,3-溴-N-苯基咔唑,磷酸苯二钠,盐酸苯甲脒,4-苯基偶氮二苯胺,N-苯基-1-萘胺,N-苯基马来酰亚胺,4-苯偶氮-1-萘胺,5-苯基-1H-四氮唑,N-苯甲酰-N-苯基羟胺,D-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,N-苯基双（三氟甲烷磺酰）亚胺,2-苯基-5-（4-联苯基）-1,3,4-恶二唑,邻联甲苯胺,3-氟苯乙胺,间氨基苯磺酸,间羧基苯硼酸,2-氯苯肼盐酸盐,2-溴苯肼盐酸盐,4-氯苯肼盐酸盐,甲基三苯基碘化磷,二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯,双（三苯基膦）二溴化镍,双(三苯基膦)氯化铵,苄基三苯基氯化膦,甲基三苯基溴化膦中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物还包括辅灭火材料。
进一步地，所述辅灭火材料包括：溴系阻燃剂，氯系阻燃剂、有机磷系阻燃剂、磷-卤系阻燃剂，氮系阻燃剂及磷-氮系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂或其任意组合。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物还包括添加剂，添加剂的含量为0.1-10%。
进一步地，所述添加剂为脱模剂，黏合剂，催化剂或其他性能添加剂，具体物质包括：硬脂酸盐，石墨、水玻璃，酚醛树脂、虫胶、淀粉，糊精，橡胶、环氧树脂、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素中的一种或几种。除上述列举物质之外，其他能够实现上述功能的有机或无机物质均可作为本发明灭火组合物中的添加剂替代物。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物的各组分及其质量百分含量为：
不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物 40%～90%
辅灭火材料 10%～60%
添加剂 1%～10%。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物的各组分及其质量百分含量为：
不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物 65%～85%
辅灭火材料 15%～30%
添加剂 2%～6%。
本发明的灭火组合物的火焰抑制机理如下：
使用时，以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，通过点燃烟火类药剂燃烧放出的热量，使得饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物在高温下反应产生自由基等有效灭火粒子，这些有效灭火粒子与链式燃烧反应所必须的O·、OH·、H·自由基中的一种或几种进行反应，从而切断了链式燃烧反应，与此同时，分解产生的CO2对火焰具有一定的窒息作用，产生大量的烟气与烟火药剂产生协同增效作用，进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能，大大缩短了有效灭火时间。
与现有热气溶胶灭火剂相比，本发明的灭火组合物具有以下优点：
1、本发明灭火组合物中的醛酮化合物在高温下发生反应，产生可有效灭火的多种自由基，切断燃烧反应链，连同热气溶胶发生剂的反应产物共同发挥灭火作用，进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能，缩短了有效灭火时间。
2、本发明的灭火组合物利用气溶胶发生剂燃烧产生的热量，迅速发生吸热反应，吸收了烟火药剂燃烧释放的热量，降低了灭火装置喷口的温度，安全性更好，不会对灭火人员造成伤害，也避免了二次火灾的发生。
3、采用本发明的灭火组合物的气溶胶灭火装置无需增加结构复杂，体积较大的冷却系统，因此具有结构轻便，工艺流程简单，经济性好等特点。
4、不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物是一类不易吸水的化合物，可耐高湿环境，可大大提高气溶胶灭火器的保存年限。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明内容的具体实施例，用于阐述本申请文件中所要解决技术问题的技术方案，有助于本领域技术人员理解本发明内容，但本发明技术方案的实现并不限于这些实施例。
按比例取本发明的灭火组合物，根据情况加入添加剂，使用水作为溶剂，过筛造粒后，加脱模剂，混匀后过筛，可以采用制丸、模压、挤压等工艺成型为球状，片状，条状，块状，蜂窝状。
将上述的灭火组合物，通过以下方式以及实验结果可以毫无疑义地得出本发明的灭火组合物的效能明显优于现有的灭火药剂，而且灭火时间也大大缩短。
灭火器筒体装配方式:从筒底部开始先装50g包覆药柱，加点火药包，加药包固定件，加足量冷却剂，加1片陶瓷，最后加前盖。
试验模型：油盘为GA86-20098B圆盘（直径570mm内部深度150mm，近似面积0.25㎡）。
试验方法：油盘内加50mm水，再加入22mm的93号车用汽油，预燃1min，开始灭火。
评定标准：火焰熄灭后1min不出现复燃，且油盘内还有剩余汽油视为灭火成功。
组合物采用以下配比进行试验，其具体试验结果为:
本组实施例选取一定质量百分比的不饱和烃类化合物，一定质量百分比的羟甲基丙基纤维素，使用水作为溶剂，使用20目的筛子造粒后，外加一定质量百分比的硬脂酸镁作为脱模剂，混匀后过15目筛子，打片，取50g加入装有50g K型气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，灭火效果见表1。
表1各种组分成分比较和灭火实验结果对比
本组实施例选取一定质量百分比的不饱和烃衍生物化合物，加入一定质量百分比的羟甲基丙基纤维素，使用水作为溶剂，使用20目的筛子造粒后，外加一定质量百分比的硬脂酸镁作为脱模剂，混匀后过15目筛子，打片，取50g加入装有50g K型气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，灭火效果见表2。
表2各种组分成分比较和灭火实验结果对比
本组实施例选取一定质量百分比的不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物化合物中的一种或其组合，加入一定质量百分比的辅灭火组分，加入一定质量百分比的羟甲基丙基纤维素，使用水作为溶剂，使用20目的筛子造粒后，外加一定质量百分比的硬脂酸镁作为脱模剂，混匀后过15目筛子，打片，取50g加入装有50g K型气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，灭火效果见表3。
表3各种组分成分比较和灭火实验结果对比
上述实施例仅仅是对本发明优选方案的说明，并不限制本发明。只要在本发明的实质精神范围内对上述实施例的变化、变型都应落入本申请的权利要求书请求保护的范围内。
Claims (19)
1.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：苯乙烯磺酸钠98%、羟甲基丙基纤维素2%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
2.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：邻苯二胺95%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
3.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：对苯二胺96%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素2%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
4.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：间苯二胺92%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素6%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
5.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：苯并三氮唑94%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素6%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
6.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：氨基比林95%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
7.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：双羟甲基乙炔98%、羟甲基丙基纤维素2%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
8.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：1,4-二溴苯95%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
9.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：1,4-二氯苯93%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素5%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
10.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：苄基三甲基氯化铵95%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
11.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：苯磺酸钠94%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素4%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
12.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：苯基三甲基溴化铵95%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
13.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：对羟基甲基乙炔37%、聚磷酸铵60%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
14.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：对羟基甲基乙炔68%、聚磷酸铵30%、羟甲基丙基纤维素2%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
15.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：苯并三氮唑65%、聚磷酸铵30%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
16.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：间苯二胺35%、聚磷酸铵60%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
17.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：间苯二胺65%、聚磷酸铵30%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
18.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：1,4-二氯苯35%、聚磷酸铵60%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
19.一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物按照以下质量百分数的组分组成：1,4-二氯苯65%、聚磷酸铵30%、硬脂酸镁2%、羟甲基丙基纤维素3%；所述组合物利用烟火药剂的燃烧释放出大量的有效灭火粒子。
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| CN110354682B (zh) * | 2019-08-02 | 2022-01-07 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种抗生物污染反渗透膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN102949802A (zh) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-03-06 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种含有有机酸类化合物的灭火组合物 |
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| US4601344A (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1986-07-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Pyrotechnic fire extinguishing method |
| CN102179026B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 通过高温分解产生灭火物质的灭火组合物 |
| CN102179027B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种二茂铁类灭火组合物 |
| CN102179023B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种灭火方法 |
| CN102179025B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 通过高温升华产生灭火物质的灭火组合物 |
| CN102319499B (zh) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-10-30 | 南京理工大学 | 复配协同型a、b类水系灭火剂 |
| CN103170082A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种含有氨基酸类化合物的灭火组合物 |
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