CN103765651B - 燃料电池板的流场构造 - Google Patents

燃料电池板的流场构造 Download PDF

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CN103765651B
CN103765651B CN201180071824.2A CN201180071824A CN103765651B CN 103765651 B CN103765651 B CN 103765651B CN 201180071824 A CN201180071824 A CN 201180071824A CN 103765651 B CN103765651 B CN 103765651B
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T.H.马登
T.W.帕特森
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Abstract

一种制造用于燃料电池的板的方法包括步骤：在燃料电池板中提供流体通道。多个燃料电池板被连接成电池堆组件。阻挡板被固定到所述燃料电池板并且至少部分地阻塞所述流体通道。所述阻挡板是在所述燃料电池板被布置成电池堆组件之后被固定到所述燃料电池板的。所得到的燃料电池提供燃料电池板，所述燃料电池板具有周边，所述周边具有边缘。所述燃料电池板包括延伸到所述边缘的流动通道。阻挡板在所述边缘处固定到所述燃料电池板以至少部分地阻挡所述流体通道。以此方式，可以使用便宜的燃料电池板，并且阻挡板可构造成产生被终止的流动通道，其可用于提供叉指状流场。

Description

燃料电池板的流场构造
技术领域
本公开涉及燃料电池板。具体地，本公开涉及用于例如多孔双极板的流场构造。
背景技术
希望提供高效且成本效益高的燃料电池。燃料电池双极板通常是相当昂贵的部件。双极板昂贵的一个原因在于它们使用复杂的由端铣机加工操作产生的流动几何构造，所述端铣机加工操作是耗时且昂贵的。如果流动通道是直线的，则可以采用诸如排铣的较为便宜的机加工操作。虽然此类板的成本效益更高，但它们在燃料电池操作期间可能由于反应物到燃料电池电极的不良质量运送而效率较低。
发明内容
一种制造用于燃料电池的板的方法包括步骤：在燃料电池板中提供流体通道。多个燃料电池板被连接成电池堆组件。阻挡板被固定到所述燃料电池板并且被布置成至少部分地阻塞所述流体通道。所述阻挡板是在所述燃料电池板被布置成电池堆组件之后被固定到所述燃料电池板的。
所得到的燃料电池提供燃料电池板，所述燃料电池板具有周边，所述周边具有边缘。所述燃料电池板包括延伸到所述边缘的流动通道。阻挡板在所述边缘处固定到所述燃料电池板以至少部分地阻挡所述流体通道。以此方式，可以使用便宜的燃料电池板，并且阻挡板可构造成产生被终止的流动通道，其可用于提供叉指状流场。
附图说明
当结合附图一起考虑时，可以通过参照以下详细描述来进一步理解本公开，在附图中：
图1是示例性燃料电池的非常示意性的视图。
图2是示例性燃料电池板的顶视立面图。
图3是具有阻挡板的燃料电池堆的局部剖面图。
图4A-4B分别是具有一个示例性阻挡板的示例性电池堆组件的透视图和侧视立面图。
图5A-5B分别是具有另一示例性阻挡板的该电池堆组件的透视图和侧视立面图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了燃料电池10。燃料电池10包括电池堆组件12，电池堆组件12包括彼此连接的多个电池14。每个电池14包括布置在阳极板22和阴极板24之间的组合式电极组件（UEA）21。在一个示例中，阳极和阴极板22、24是双极的。UEA 21包括布置在质子交换膜（PEM）16的两侧上的催化剂层18。气体扩散层（GDL）20与每个催化剂层18邻接。
每个阳极和阴极板22、24分别包括阳极和阴极流动通道26、28。燃料源30与阳极流动通道26流体连通并且向阳极流动通道26提供燃料。氧化剂源32与阴极流动通道28流体连接并且向阴极流动通道28提供氧化剂。
图2示意性地示出了阴极板24。尽管示出了阴极板，但本公开也涉及阳极板并且可以用于阳极板。阴极板24具有周边34，当布置在电池堆组件12中时，周边34限定平板的外表面。阳极流动通道28包括一些通路，在该示例中，所述通路彼此平行并且在相对边缘36之间沿直线方向延伸，所述通路终止于端部38。如果期望，也可以采用其他通路构造。
在一个示例中，阴极板24由多孔双极板提供，其由石墨材料构造而成。使用多孔石墨平板来制造阴极板24，其被例如挤出或排铣以提供阴极流动通道28。以此方式，可以以便宜的方式制造阴极板24。
直线延伸的流动通道在某些操作条件下可能不能提供最佳的燃料电池效率。因此，希望在至少一些端部38处至少部分地阻塞阴极流动通道28以促进氧化剂在整个流场中的均匀分布。参照图3，在该示例中，阻挡板40被永久地固定到周边34的一个边缘36，并且如果期望的话可以被固定到两个相对的边缘。在一个示例中，密封剂42用于将阻挡板40附着到电池堆组件12的外部并且适应其外表面上的任何不平整。在该示例中，密封剂42不是轴向地设置在电池堆组件12的部件之间，相反，密封剂42在电池堆组件12外部的位置设置于周边34处。密封剂可以是适合用于燃料电池的类型。
阻挡构件40可由酚醛层压板构造而成，例如NEMA G系列酚醛材料。阻挡板40可集成有歧管44，歧管44固定在电池堆组件12上以提供外部歧管，如图3所示。用密封件48将歧管44相对于结构46固定。歧管腔45设置在歧管44和电池堆组件12之间，其接收氧化剂。阻挡板40可通过一个或多个肋50连接到歧管44，一个或多个肋50可以与歧管44和阻挡板40一体地形成，从而使得能够作为单体结构安装到电池堆组件12上。
参照图4A-4B，示出了一种布置，其中，阻挡板40部分地阻挡阴极流动通道28的端部38。在该示例中，阻挡板40包括支撑构件52，多个阻挡构件54在支撑构件52之间延伸。阻挡构件54彼此平行并且提供空间56。端部38的一个示例区域是0.8-1.2 mm（0.03-0.05英寸）的宽度和0.4-0.64 mm（0.2-0.03英寸）的深度。阻挡构件54提供阻挡宽度60。端部38提供通道宽度58，在该示例中，通道宽度58大于阻挡宽度60。如图4B所示，端部38的仅仅一些部分被阻塞。
图5A-5B示出了另一种布置。相同的附图标记表示相同的元件。电池堆组件112包括阻挡板140，阻挡板140完全地阻塞阴极流动通道28的端部38。密封剂在端部38周围密封。通道宽度158小于阻挡宽度160，使得阻挡构件154覆盖端部38。图5B示出了被阻挡的通道62和未被阻挡的通道64的交替行，其提供叉指状流场。阻挡板140设置在流场的任一端，使得流场的一端打开并且流场的另一端被封闭以提供叉指状构造。如果期望，也可以采用其他流场构造。
所得到的燃料电池提供了双极板，所述双极板具有周边，所述周边具有边缘。所述板包括延伸到所述边缘的流动通道。一个阻挡板在所述边缘处固定到燃料电池组件的反应物入口侧，以至少部分地在入口流动通道的一半中产生流动阻塞。第二阻挡板固定到所述燃料电池组件的反应物出口侧，以在出口通道的一半中产生流动阻塞。所述阻挡板被设计和布置成使得通道的一半仅在反应物入口侧具有流动阻塞并且通道的一半仅在反应物出口侧被阻塞。以此方式，可以实现便宜的燃料电池流场设计，其提供了叉指状流场，叉指状流场已经表明能提高燃料电池性能。
尽管已经公开了示例性的实施例，但本领域普通技术人员可意识到在权利要求的范围内可以有某些修改。为此，应当研究所附权利要求以确定它们的真实范围和内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种制造用于燃料电池的板的方法，包括步骤：
a）在燃料电池板中提供流动通道；
b）将多个燃料电池板连接成电池堆组件；和
c）在执行步骤b）之后，将阻挡板固定到所述电池堆组件并且至少部分地阻塞所述流动通道，
其中，步骤c）包括通过将两个所述阻挡板布置在所述流动通道的相对侧上而提供叉指状流场，以及将密封剂在所述燃料电池板的外周边的边缘处施加在所述电池堆组件的外部上以将所述阻挡板附着到所述燃料电池板。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤a）包括形成延伸到所述燃料电池板的外周边的边缘的流动通道。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中，步骤a）包括形成延伸到所述燃料电池板的所述边缘的平行的流动通道。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，步骤a）包括将所述流动通道形成到所述燃料电池板的相对的边缘。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，步骤a）包括排铣所述流动通道。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法，还包括步骤d）：将外部歧管固定到所述电池堆组件。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，步骤d）包括在所述阻挡板和所述外部歧管之间提供歧管腔。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述燃料电池板是多孔板。
9.一种燃料电池，包括：
板，所述板具有周边，所述周边提供边缘，所述板包括延伸到所述边缘的流动通道；
阻挡板，所述阻挡板在所述边缘处固定到所述板以至少部分地阻挡所述流动通道；和
密封剂，所述密封剂将所述阻挡板附着到所述板，
其中，通过将两个所述阻挡板布置在所述流动通道的相对侧上而提供叉指状流场。
10.如权利要求9所述的燃料电池，包括第二阻挡板，所述第二阻挡板在所述燃料电池的反应物出口处固定到所述燃料电池以至少部分地阻挡在所述燃料电池的反应物入口处未被阻挡的所述流动通道的一半，并且所述阻挡板在所述反应物入口处至少部分地阻挡所述流动通道的一半。
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