CN103760416B - A kind of directional coupler is measured the error analysis method of High-Power Microwave phase place - Google Patents
A kind of directional coupler is measured the error analysis method of High-Power Microwave phase place Download PDFInfo
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- CN103760416B CN103760416B CN201310719657.9A CN201310719657A CN103760416B CN 103760416 B CN103760416 B CN 103760416B CN 201310719657 A CN201310719657 A CN 201310719657A CN 103760416 B CN103760416 B CN 103760416B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of directional coupler and measure the error analysis method of High-Power Microwave phase place, comprise the following steps: (1), according to microwave transmission line theory, by the analysis of simplifying signal flow diagram, obtains measuring the relational expression between phase place and actual phase. (2) according to the relational expression obtaining in (1), carry out analytical calculation by coding, obtain the phase error size quantizing. (3) by error analysis, can instruct us to carry out the optimization of hardware system, reduce to greatest extent error. The present invention is that the phase measurement error of TOKMAK device High Power Microwave System is analyzed, obtain affecting the factor of phase measurement error, simplifying on the basis of SFG analysis, obtain the expression formula of High-Power Microwave phase measurement error, carried out the error of analysis to measure by relational expression by calculation procedure, finally obtain the relation of phase measurement error and directivity factor and electrical length and reflectance factor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to High-Power Microwave coupling measurement and technical field of data processing, relate in particular to a kind of directional couplerMeasure the error analysis method of High-Power Microwave phase place.
Background technology
On national big science engineering Fully Superconducting Tokamak EAST device, lower hybrid wave (LHW) is a kind of very effectiveOne of non-inductance current drive mode, utilizes High-Power Microwave (MW magnitude) to heat and drives plasma. Different thingsReason experiment has different requirements to lower hybrid wave power spectrum, and this has determined that lower hybrid wave system wants the phase of flexible control antenna adjacent waveguidePotential difference. In High Power Microwave System, carry out the signal in coupled waveguide by directional coupler, then deliver to phase demodulation system and compare,Obtain the phase difference between adjacent waveguide, obtain the needed phase shift of target phase according to phase difference calculating, thereby control each roadThe phase shift of prime microwave source is to regulate antenna power spectrum. Find in practice to carry out High-Power Microwave survey by directional couplerThere is certain error in amount. Mainly that directionality due to directional coupler causes not by analyzing, thinking. Due to loadBe the uppity plasma changing, this brings certain difficulty to elimination error. At current domestic and international TOKMAK dressBe set up, the phase measurement of powerful microwave system is all completed by directional coupler and phase demodulation system. This logicalThe method of directional coupler and phase demodulation system of crossing is under the condition of coupling or high directivity coupler, and measure error is very little.But in TOKMAK lower hybrid wave system, load is the plasma changing, and under this mismatch condition, phase measurement will be depositedIn certain error.
Once error exists, just may produce deviation to the power spectrum control of antenna, disturb our judgement to experiment, veryTo drawing antipodal conclusion.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly the defect in order to make up prior art, provides a kind of directional coupler to measure High-Power MicrowaveThe error analysis method of phase place.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Directional coupler is measured an error analysis method for High-Power Microwave phase place, comprises the following steps:
(1) waveguide transmission line signal analysis, according to microwave transmission line theory, by the analysis of simplifying signal flow diagram, is enteredPenetrate the relational expression of signal and reflected signal:
Each character is defined as follows: Vg、Vi、VrIt is respectively the incidence wave voltage signal of source voltage signal, waveguide port and anti-Ejected wave voltage signal; ΓgIt is source voltage reflection coefficient; ΓLIt is load voltage reflectance factor; D is the electricity of measurement port apart from loadLength; ΓdIt is the voltage reflection coefficient in measurement port place transmission line; β is propagation constant;
When apart from d=0, have:
Vg+VrΓg＝Vi(1)
Vr＝ViΓL(2)
Can be solved by formula (1), (2):
Vi＝Vg/(1-ΓgΓL)(3)
Vr＝ViΓL(4)
Apart from d ≠ 0 o'clock, to lossless transmission line Γd＝ΓLe-2jβd, have:
Vi＝Vg/(1-ΓgΓLe-2jβd)(5)
Vr＝VgΓLe-2jβd/(1-ΓgΓLe-2jβd)(6)
For Ideal Transmission Line system, due to the absorption of circulator to back wave, ΓgCan idealizedly be approximately 0, formula(5), (6) are reduced to:
Vi＝Vg(7)
Vr＝VgΓLe-2jβd(8)
(2) directional coupler coupling port signal analysis
The incident port degree of coupling and the directionality of directional coupler are respectively C, D, the incident power coefficient of coup that it is correspondingFor ci, directivity factor is di, the reflection power coefficient of coup is cidi; In waveguide, incoming signal and reflected signal are respectively by formula(7), (8) provide, incident port coupled signal Vg’iCan be write as:
Vg’i＝ci 1/2Vg+(cidi)1/2VgΓLe-2jβd(9)
Signal in directional coupler incident coupling port also can be used for reference waveguide transmission line signal analysis above, due to fixedHave good uniformity to coupler, what it caused differs while in the end calculating and will offset, and is just idealized as V hereg’iSignal is straightTap into into phase demodulation instrument;
(3) phase error analysis
The phase place of actual measurement is obtained by incident coupling port signal formula (9), and in waveguide, true incidence wave phase place isAt directional coupler coupling port directionality D=∞, i.e. diThe phase place of=0 o'clock; Incident in the waveguide of definition incident port couplingThe actual signal of ripple is VI is true, be reduced to by formula (9)
VI is true＝ci 1/2Vg(10)
Measure phase difference is:
Formula (9), (10) substitution formula (11) can be obtained:
Can find out phase measurement error and incident power size, coefficient of coup c from expression formulaiIt doesn't matter; For givenDirectional coupler, its directivity factor diNecessarily, phase measurement error only with measurement port apart from the electrical length d of load and negativeCarry voltage reflection coefficient ΓLRelevant.
(4) phase measurement error program is calculated
Can calculate the phase measurement error that waveguide internal reflection causes by coding by relational expression (12); Fig. 2 has provided insteadPenetrating coefficient is ΓL=0.3 o'clock, phase measurement error and directional coupler incident coupling port directionality and load were apart from coupling portThe relation curve of electrical length d (0, λ). 3 curve directionality 10dB, 20dB, 30dB of corresponding coupling port respectively in figure.
While being 10dB by the known directionality at directional coupler of error analysis, the phase measurement error causing is larger; In the time that the directionality of directional coupler reaches 20dB, phase measurement error will reduce; Directionality at directional coupler reachesWhen 25dB is above, phase measurement error will reduce greatly, concerning lower hybrid wave system, almost negligible.
Phase error analysis provides reference frame for the Hardware Design, and under the guidance of this analysis, lower hybrid wave system is fixedDesign to coupler is optimized under the factor of the aspects such as the comprehensive degree of coupling, directionality and machining accuracy, phase controlling precision,Choose the degree of coupling and be about 58dB, directionality is greater than 25dB.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention is that the phase measurement error of TOKMAK device High Power Microwave System has carried out pointAnalyse, obtain affecting the factor of phase measurement error, for hardware design and the optimization of system provide guidance, divide at simplification signal flow diagramOn the basis of analysing, obtain the expression formula of High-Power Microwave phase measurement error, carry out analysis to measure by relational expression by calculation procedureError, finally obtain the relation of phase measurement error and directivity factor and electrical length and reflectance factor; Miss by phase placeDifference analysis, can instruct the parameter designing of directional coupler hardware, reduces to greatest extent error.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is waveguide transmission line equivalent signal flow graph.
Fig. 2 is ΓL=0.3 o'clock, phase measurement error and coupling port directionality D (di) and load apart from the electricity of coupling portThe relation curve of length d (0, λ).
When Fig. 3 is D=20dB, phase measurement error and reflectance factor (0,1) and load are apart from the electrical length d of coupling portThe relation curve of (0, λ).
Detailed description of the invention
Directional coupler is measured an error analysis method for High-Power Microwave phase place, comprises the following steps:
(1) waveguide transmission line signal analysis,, according to microwave transmission line theory, by the analysis of simplifying signal flow diagram, enteredPenetrate the relational expression of signal and reflected signal:
In waveguide transmission line, signal flow diagram as shown in Figure 1. Each character is defined as follows: Vg、Vi、VrIt is respectively source voltage letterNumber, incidence wave voltage signal and the back wave voltage signal of waveguide port; ΓgIt is source voltage reflection coefficient; ΓLIt is load voltageReflectance factor; D is the electrical length of measurement port apart from load; ΓdIt is the voltage reflection coefficient in measurement port place transmission line; βFor propagation constant;
As shown in Figure 1, the signal that dotted line 1 left side equivalence looks over to source from the coupling port of directional coupler; Dotted line 2 right sidesThe signal that limit equivalence looks over to load from transmission-wire terminal. When apart from d=0, have:
Vg+VrΓg＝Vi(1)
Vr＝ViΓL(2)
Can be solved by formula (1), (2):
Vi＝Vg/(1-ΓgΓL)(3)
Vr＝ViΓL(4)
Apart from d ≠ 0 o'clock, to lossless transmission line Γd＝ΓLe-2jβd, have:
Vi＝Vg/(1-ΓgΓLe-2jβd)(5)
Vr＝VgΓLe-2jβd/(1-ΓgΓLe-2jβd)(6)
For Ideal Transmission Line system, due to the absorption of circulator to back wave, ΓgCan idealizedly be approximately 0, formula(5), (6) are reduced to:
Vi＝Vg(7)
Vr＝VgΓLe-2jβd(8)
(2) directional coupler coupling port signal analysis
The incident port degree of coupling and the directionality of directional coupler are respectively C, D, the incident power coefficient of coup that it is correspondingFor ci, directivity factor is di, the reflection power coefficient of coup is cidi; In waveguide, incoming signal and reflected signal are respectively by formula(7), (8) provide, incident port coupled signal Vg’iCan be write as:
Vg’i＝ci 1/2Vg+(cidi)1/2VgΓLe-2jβd(9)
Signal in directional coupler incident coupling port also can be used for reference waveguide transmission line signal analysis above, due to fixedHave good uniformity to coupler, what it caused differs while in the end calculating and will offset, and is just idealized as V hereg’iSignal is straightTap into into phase demodulation instrument;
(3) phase error analysis
The phase place of actual measurement is obtained by incident coupling port signal formula (9), and in waveguide, true incidence wave phase place isAt directional coupler coupling port directionality D=∞, i.e. diThe phase place of=0 o'clock; Incident in the waveguide of definition incident port couplingThe actual signal of ripple is VI is true, be reduced to by formula (9)
VI is true＝ci 1/2Vg(10)
Measure phase difference is:
Formula (9), (10) substitution formula (11) can be obtained:
Can find out phase measurement error and incident power size, coefficient of coup c from expression formulaiIt doesn't matter; For givenDirectional coupler, its directivity factor diNecessarily, phase measurement error only with measurement port apart from the electrical length d of load and negativeCarry voltage reflection coefficient ΓLRelevant.
(4) phase measurement error program is calculated
Can calculate the phase measurement error that waveguide internal reflection causes by coding by relational expression (12); Fig. 2 has provided insteadPenetrating coefficient is ΓL=0.3 o'clock, phase measurement error and directional coupler incident coupling port directionality and load were apart from coupling portThe relation curve of electrical length d (0, λ). 3 curve directionality 10dB, 20dB, 30dB of corresponding coupling port respectively in figure.
While being 10dB by the known directionality at directional coupler of error analysis, the phase measurement error causing is larger; In the time that the directionality of directional coupler reaches 20dB, phase measurement error will reduce; Directionality at directional coupler reachesWhen 25dB is above, phase measurement error will reduce greatly, concerning lower hybrid wave system, almost negligible.
(5) phase error analysis provides reference frame for the Hardware Design
Under the guidance of this analysis, the design of lower hybrid wave system oriented coupler is in the comprehensive degree of coupling, directionality and addUnder the factor of the aspects such as work precision, phase controlling precision, optimize, choose the degree of coupling and be about 58dB, directionality is greater than 25dB.
Claims (1)
1. directional coupler is measured an error analysis method for High-Power Microwave phase place, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) waveguide transmission line signal analysis, according to microwave transmission line theory, by the analysis of simplifying signal flow diagram, obtains incident letterNumber and the relational expression of reflected signal:
Each character is defined as follows: Vg、Vi、VrRespectively incidence wave voltage signal and the reflection of source voltage signal, waveguide portWave voltage signal; ΓgIt is source voltage reflection coefficient; ΓLIt is load voltage reflectance factor; D is that measurement port is long apart from the electricity of loadDegree; ΓdIt is the voltage reflection coefficient in measurement port place transmission line; β is propagation constant;
When apart from d=0, have:
Vg+VrΓg=Vi(1)
Vr=ViΓL(2)
Can be solved by formula (1), (2):
Vi=Vg/(1-ΓgΓL)(3)
Vr=ViΓL(4)
Apart from d ≠ 0 o'clock, to lossless transmission line Γd=ΓLe-2jβd ，Have:
Vi=Vg/(1-ΓgΓLe-2jβd)(5)
Vr=VgΓLe-2jβd/(1-ΓgΓLe-2jβd)(6)
For Ideal Transmission Line system, due to the absorption of circulator to back wave, ΓgCan idealizedly be approximately 0, formula (5), formula(6) be reduced to:
Vi=Vg(7)
Vr=VgΓLe-2jβd(8)
(2) directional coupler coupling port signal analysis
The incident port degree of coupling and the directionality of directional coupler are respectively C, D, and its corresponding incident power coefficient of coup is ci、Directivity factor is di, the reflection power coefficient of coup is cidi; In waveguide, incoming signal and reflected signal are respectively by formula (7), formula(8) provide, incident port coupled signal Vg ’ iCan be write as:
Vg ’ i=ci 1/2Vg+(cidi)1/2VgΓLe-2jβd(9)
Signal in directional coupler incident coupling port also can be used for reference waveguide transmission line signal analysis above, due to directed couplingClosing device has good uniformity, and what it caused differs while in the end calculating and will offset, and is just idealized as V hereg ’ iSignal directly entersEnter phase demodulation instrument;
(3) phase error analysis
The phase place of actual measurement is obtained by incident coupling port signal formula (9), and in waveguide, true incidence wave phase place is fixedTo coupler coupling port directionality D=∞, i.e. diThe phase place of=0 o'clock; In the waveguide of definition incident port coupling, incidence wave is trueReal signal is VI is true, be reduced to by formula (9)
VI is true=ci 1/2Vg(10)
Measure phase difference is:
△?=?（Vg ’ i）-?（VI is true）（11）
Formula (9), formula (10) substitution formula (11) can be obtained:
△?=tan-1(di 1/2ΓLsin(-2βd)/(1+di 1/2ΓLcos(-2βd)))(12)
Can find out phase measurement error and incident power size, coefficient of coup c from expression formulaiIt doesn't matter; For given orientationCoupler, its directivity factor diNecessarily, phase measurement error only with electrical length d and the load voltage of measurement port apart from loadReflectance factor ΓLRelevant;
(4) phase measurement error program is calculated
Can calculate the phase measurement error that waveguide internal reflection causes by coding by relational expression (12).
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| CN113238101A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-10 | 深圳市中天迅通信技术股份有限公司 | Four-in-one feed coupling mobile phone antenna |
| CN114264877B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-11-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所 | Sine wave phase difference accurate measurement circuit and measurement method thereof |
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| US6466030B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-10-15 | Abb Power Automation Ltd. | Systems and methods for locating faults on a transmission line with a single tapped load |
| CN101031805A (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2007-09-05 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Phase difference measuring circuit |
| CN100504441C (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for eliminating measuring error of high power microwave under mismatched load condition |
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