CN103756664A - Densifier and fracturing fluid for shale gas fracturing fluid, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Densifier and fracturing fluid for shale gas fracturing fluid, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103756664A CN103756664A CN201410026220.1A CN201410026220A CN103756664A CN 103756664 A CN103756664 A CN 103756664A CN 201410026220 A CN201410026220 A CN 201410026220A CN 103756664 A CN103756664 A CN 103756664A
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- fracturing liquid
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- viscosifying agent
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
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- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- NEQZXUBZTZDVAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)O[N+](C)(C)C NEQZXUBZTZDVAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
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- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KHSLHYAUZSPBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzododecinium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHSLHYAUZSPBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of amides or imides
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/602—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation containing surfactants
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
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Abstract
The invention provides densifier and fracturing fluid for shale gas fracturing fluid, a preparation method and application thereof. The densifier is synthesized by viscoelastic surfactant, polyacrylamide, 2-propeneamido-methylpropanesulfonic acid, methacryloxy trimethyl ammonium chloride, N-isopropylacrylamide, pimeloyl and caustic soda flakes in a ratio of 3:(5-7):(0.4-0.6):(1-2):(1.5-2.5):(1.5-2.5):(0.8-1.2). The fracturing fluid comprises the densifier, a rheological aid mixed by surfactant and ethanol in a ratio of 1:(1.5-2.5), and a temperature stabilizing agent. The invention also provides application of the fracturing fluid in shale gas continuous sand fracturing and a shale gas continuous sand fracturing method. The fracturing fluid is clean fracturing fluid, has the characteristics of low hurt, effective thickening, temperature resistance, salt resistance, shearing resistance, low friction and the like, and is good in compatibility with other common water-borne fracturing fluid additives.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of shale gas viscosifying agent, fracturing liquid and preparation method thereof and application for fracturing liquid, particularly, application and the shale gas continuous sandfrac method of composition, the fracturing liquid that comprises this viscosifying agent, the fracturing liquid for fracturing liquid that the present invention relates to a kind of preparation method who is particularly suitable for active viscosifying agent that the continuous sandfrac of shale gas uses, this viscosifying agent, comprises this viscosifying agent in the continuous sandfrac of shale gas.
Background technology
China's oil-gas field low permeability layer reserves are abundant, but its natural production capacity is low or basic without natural production capacity.It is significant that application fracturing liquid technology is exploited this class hydrocarbon-bearing pool, and of the fracturing fluid major function is containing memory fluid, to take a palm agent (quartz sand, haydite etc.) to enter and press off stratum, increases rate of permeation so that frscturing.
Shale gas shows ultralow perviousness, and reservoir fragility is not identical yet.For fragility shale, need to take slippery water and linear glue laminated to split system and improve output by network pressure break; For the not high shale of friability index, need mode by continuous sandfrac to form sufficiently long single crack and improve output.Due to slippery water and linear glue prop-carrying capacity relatively limited, consider the reality that shale reservoir natural fracture is grown, from construction, make every effort to strut natural fracture angle, fracturing liquid viscosity will be controlled at 20-100cp, natural fracture is more vulnerable to outside fluid injury simultaneously, and fracturing liquid must possess low injury rate.
Traditional conventional fracturing liquid is aqueous fracturing fluid, and it is mainly that to take polymer melon glue glycan class or its modified product etc. be viscosifying agent (thickening material), take polyvalent metal salt as linking agent, through fully stirring, forms frozen glue.At fracturing liquid, complete and make seam and take sand, form after permanent sand packed fracture, utilize gel breaker to make fracturing liquid broken glue viscosity reduction rapidly, the broken glue hydrating fluid that becomes approximate clear water is discharged from stratum.And insolubles level of residue is higher after traditional fracturing liquid rubber-breaking, these residues can stop up rock stratum hole, because being incompatible, the rock on fracturing liquid and stratum and fluid cause clay swelling or emulsifying effect etc., the injury to zone permeability is caused in capital, have a strong impact on fracturing yield increasing effect, therefore require the insolubles content in fracturing liquid more low better, in fracturing liquid and stratum should not there is not harmful physics and chemical transformation in material, after pressure break, be easy to discharge from stratum, reduce the pollution of fracturing liquid to stratum as far as possible.So the clean fracturing fluid of the low residue of low injury is developing direction.
In recent years about the existing a large amount of reports of viscoelastic surfactant based clean fracturing liquid system.This its viscosity of class fracturing fluid system is the result that molecular association is assembled, and meets after oil, and state of aggregation changes, englobement low-viscosity (mobile) liquid, broken glue automatically, and due to its be small molecules without residue, little to formation damage.But in prior art, this class viscoelastic surfactant fracturing liquid is along with the reduction of viscosity, and its prop-carrying capacity declines to some extent, when large-scale application, be to use higher concentration, corresponding cost is higher.
In addition, the speed that the most of fractured well of China can have been realized fracturing liquid base fluid is at present joined, but because continuous mixing device is also few, the fracturing liquid that can not realize the preparation of construction limit, limit is mixed continuously, can only prepare with quick liquid-confecting car the base fluid of different concns, be divided in different flow containers, in construction, by concentration, use from high to low.Therefore, the instant performance of raising fracturing fluid gelatinizer is also one of gordian technique of fracturing liquid research and development.
To sum up, in the urgent need to researching and developing novel fracturing fluid system.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of shale gas fracturing liquid viscosifying agent, it has good instantly-soluble, can be used for preparing clean fracturing fluid, possess the characteristics such as low injury, high-effective viscosity characteristic, temperature resistance, salt resistance, shear resistant, low frictional resistance, and there is good compatibleness with other conventional Water-base Fracturing Fluid Additives.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of described viscosifying agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fracturing liquid composition that comprises described viscosifying agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fracturing liquid that comprises described viscosifying agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application in the continuous sandfrac of shale gas of described fracturing liquid.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of shale gas continuous sandfrac method.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of fracturing liquid viscosifying agent, this viscosifying agent is mainly synthetic by the volume ratio of 3:5～7:0.4～0.6:1～2:1.5～2.5:1.5～2.5:0.8～1.2 by viscoelastic surfactant, polyacrylamide, 2-acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali etc.
According to most preferred embodiment of the present invention, described viscosifying agent is mainly to be synthesized according to the volume ratio of 3:6:0.5:1.5:2:2:1 by viscoelastic surfactant, polyacrylamide, 2-acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, wherein, described viscoelastic surfactant is benzalkonium chloride (geramine) and/or benzalkonium bromide (bromogeramine).
On the other hand, the present invention also provides the preparation method of described viscosifying agent, the method comprises: viscoelastic surfactant is mixed and heat making its complete melting with polyacrylamide resin, then add 2-acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali, at the temperature of 120 ℃～160 ℃, stir more than 1 hour, be generally 1～2 hour, products therefrom is described viscosifying agent.
According to preparation method of the present invention, products therefrom is solid after being cooled to normal temperature, can suitably pulverize, and obtains a kind of viscosifying agent product of crystal powder shape.This viscosifying agent product can be used for liquid thickening.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of fracturing liquid compositions of additives, and said composition comprises viscosifying agent of the present invention.Viscosifying agent of the present invention can be used as a kind of active viscosifying agent for preparing fracturing fluid.This viscosifying agent has good instantly-soluble, and under lower concentration, can make fracturing liquid have suitable viscosity.Preferably, the addition of described viscosifying agent in fracturing liquid is 0.2%～0.8%.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, fracturing liquid of the present invention, with in compositions of additives, except described viscosifying agent, also comprises auxiliary rheological agents.According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, described auxiliary rheological agents is preferably according to the volume ratio physical mixed of 1:2, to be formed by the volume ratio of 1:1.5～2.5 by tensio-active agent and ethanol.Preferably, described tensio-active agent is benzalkonium chloride (geramine) and benzalkonium bromide (bromogeramine).This type of auxiliary rheological agents can form space reticulated structure for associate forming aggregate between described viscosifying agent bioactive molecule, improves fracturing liquid hydroelasticity, effectively changes the fluidised form of liquid in tubing string simultaneously and significantly reduces construction frictional resistance.Preferably, the addition of described auxiliary rheological agents in fracturing liquid is 0.2%～0.8%.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, fracturing liquid of the present invention, with in compositions of additives, except described viscosifying agent, auxiliary rheological agents, also can further comprise temperature stabilising agent.The compositions of additives that comprises temperature stabilising agent is for example applicable to preparation, for the fracturing liquid of formation temperature higher (, more than 120 ℃).Preferably, described temperature stabilising agent is preferably synthetic according to the volume ratio of 1.5:2 by the volume ratio of 1～2:2 by tensio-active agent and straight chain alcohols material.Tensio-active agent is benzalkonium chloride (geramine) or Morpan BB, and alcohols is preferably ethanol.This type of temperature stabilising agent can be used for stablizing the not chain rupture under high temperature ultrahigh-temperature formation temperature and long-time continuous shearing condition of the of the fracturing fluid space of the present invention reticulated structure aggregate.More specifically, described temperature stabilising agent can be to be formed by directly mixing by tensio-active agent and straight chain alcohols material, and also can add suitable quantity of water is that auxiliary material mixes.Preferably, the addition of described temperature stabilising agent in fracturing liquid is 0.2%～0.8%, is preferably 0.4%～0.6%.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of fracturing liquid, take this of the fracturing fluid gross weight is benchmark, and its component comprises:
Viscosifying agent 0.2%～0.8% of the present invention;
Auxiliary rheological agents 0.2%～0.8% of the present invention.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, fracturing liquid of the present invention during for the higher stratum of temperature, wherein also can further comprise described temperature stabilising agent.Preferably, the addition of described temperature stabilising agent in fracturing liquid is 0.2%～0.8%, is preferably 0.4%～0.6%.
Except described viscosifying agent, auxiliary rheological agents, temperature stabilising agent, in fracturing liquid of the present invention, also the conventional auxiliary agent of other fracturing liquids is added or do not added to alternative.In addition, of the fracturing fluid surplus component is water, can be common fracturing liquid preparation water.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, fracturing liquid of the present invention can coordinate CO
2carry out CO
2mix pressure break.
The all commercially available acquisitions of each raw material in viscosifying agent of the present invention and fracturing liquid, each material performance of different manufacturers different model may be different, as long as but each raw material meets corresponding industry standard requirement, all can be used for the present invention.Preferably adopt in this area and generally believe the good raw material of quality.Wherein said polyacrylamide can be the conventional polyacrylamide of oil field fracturing fluid additive agent field, the polyacrylamide that is JHJ15 such as the model that can be the production of Jilin Chemical Jusheng etc.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides the application in the continuous sandfrac of shale gas of described fracturing liquid.Preferably, be to use fracturing liquid of the present invention to coordinate CO
2carry out CO
2mix pressure break.In addition, fracturing liquid of the present invention also can be used for conventional pressure break.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of shale gas continuous sandfrac method, is wherein to use fracturing liquid of the present invention.
Preferably, be to use described fracturing liquid to coordinate CO
2carry out CO
2mix pressure break.Particularly, the continuous sandfrac method of shale gas of the present invention can be carried out with reference to the routine operation in described field.
During concrete enforcement, when preparation fracturing liquid of the present invention, dosing equipment used mainly comprises: mixing vehicle or liquid distributing vehicle, flow container, dosing pipeline, jet-pump etc.Dosing step: utilize dosing pipeline by equipment connections such as mixing vehicle or liquid distributing vehicle, flow container, jet-pumps, utilize mixing vehicle or liquid distributing vehicle jet-pump that viscosifying agent is sucked in flow container (tank content assembling liquid water), guarantee that flow container is always in recurrent state simultaneously, after suction, treat to add auxiliary rheological agents and other additive after liquid swelling (about 5-15 minute, concrete swelling time with add the amount of viscosifying agent relevant).Continue circulation after 10-15 minute dosing complete, obtain active fracturing liquid.
Active fracturing liquid system provided by the present invention, mainly to utilize between fracturing liquid molecules in solution by non covalent bond (static, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic association effect etc.) interact, form intermolecular aggregation structure, this aggregation structure can become large or diminish with shear perturbation breaks even completely, after shear perturbation is eliminated, aggregate recovers again, be formed on nature rare a kind of " reversible construction solution ", thereby there is polynary association reversible between stronger molecular chain and form supramolecular aggregation, there is the spacial framework that is similar to cross-linked polymer, do not need the crosslinked over-all properties can with clean fracturing fluid, possesses again clean low injury simultaneously, high-effective viscosity characteristic, temperature resistance, salt resistance, shear resistant, the characteristics such as low frictional resistance, there is good rheological and take sand effect, and there is good compatibleness with other conventional Water-base Fracturing Fluid Additives.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is of the fracturing fluid 50 ℃ of shear rheology curves in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Fig. 2 is of the fracturing fluid 100 ℃ of shear rheology curves in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Fig. 3 is of the fracturing fluid 120 ℃ of shear rheology curves in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Fig. 4 is of the fracturing fluid 130 ℃ of shear rheology curves in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Fig. 5 is of the fracturing fluid 150 ℃ of shear rheology curves in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Fig. 6 is quartz sand and haydite settling velocity test curve in fracturing liquid in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the active CO of DH-DB in the present invention's one specific embodiment
2foamed fracturing fluid construction curve;
Fig. 8 is that in the present invention's one specific embodiment, on-the-spot flow container sampling detects 150 ℃ of shearing viscosity temperature characteristic curves continuously;
Fig. 9 is the dark 17 well sandfrac construction curve of Pu in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Figure 10 is sectional well completion tubing string schematic diagram in the present invention's one specific embodiment;
Figure 11 is segmentation sandfrac construction curve in the present invention's one specific embodiment; Picture left side ordinate zou data are followed successively by from top to bottom: total amount of liquid (m
3), sand discharge capacity (m
3/ min), oil pressure (MPa); Picture right side ordinate zou data are followed successively by from top to bottom: casing pressure (MPa), pump truck output (m
3/ min);
Figure 12 produces curve (53-82-48H of Soviet Union gas production curve) after pressing in the present invention's one specific embodiment.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment and be described with reference to the accompanying drawings technical scheme of the present invention and the beneficial effect that can produce, be intended to help reader to understand better essence of the present invention and feature below, the restriction that conduct can practical range to this case.
1, the preparation of the crucial additive of fracturing liquid
1.1 viscosifying agent DH-DB-1
The volume ratio that viscosifying agent in the present embodiment is pressed 3:6:0.5:1.5:2:2:1 by viscoelastic surfactant (benzalkonium chloride), polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali etc. is synthetic, and concrete synthetic method is as follows:
Viscoelastic surfactant is mixed also with polyacrylamide resin in, heating makes its complete melting, then add 2-acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali, at 150 ℃, stirring reaction is approximately 2 hours, products therefrom is the viscosifying agent of the present embodiment, be cooled to after normal temperature is solid product, pulverize, obtain crystal powder, for liquid thickening.The present invention claims that this viscosifying agent is active viscosifying agent DH-DB-1.This DH-DB-1 viscosifying agent thickening capabilities is strong, has instant performance, is extremely easy to on-the-spot preparation, is not adopting mixed flirting under condition at a high speed, and glue does not produce flake, and dispersiveness and swelling property are better.
1.2 auxiliary rheological agents DH-DB-2
Auxiliary rheological agents in the present embodiment is formed by the volume ratio normal temperature physical mixed of 1:2 by tensio-active agent benzalkonium chloride and ethanol, liquid, for associating between DH-DB-1 bioactive molecule, form aggregate, form space reticulated structure, improve hydroelasticity, effectively change the fluidised form of liquid in tubing string simultaneously and significantly reduce construction frictional resistance.In the present invention, claim that this auxiliary rheological agents is DH-DB-2.
1.3 temperature stabilising agent DH-DB-3
Temperature stabilising agent in the present embodiment is mixed by 1.5:2 volume ratio normal temperature by tensio-active agent Morpan BB and straight chain alcohols material, for stablizing the not chain rupture under high temperature ultrahigh-temperature formation temperature and long-time continuous shearing condition of the of the fracturing fluid space of DH-DB reticulated structure aggregate.In the present invention, claim that this temperature stabilising agent is DH-DB-3.Only have and when formation temperature surpasses 120 ℃, just use this additive.
1.4 fracturing liquid DH-DB
Utilize described active viscosifying agent DH-DB-1, auxiliary rheological agents DH-DB-2, or further add the fracturing liquid of temperature stabilising agent DH-DB-3 preparation, the present invention is called DH-DB active fracturing liquid.
During concrete preparation, utilize mixing vehicle or liquid distributing vehicle jet-pump that viscosifying agent is sucked in flow container (tank content assembling liquid water), guarantee that flow container is always in recurrent state simultaneously, after suction, treat to add auxiliary rheological agents and other additive after liquid swelling (about 5-15 minute, concrete swelling time with add the amount of viscosifying agent relevant).Continue circulation after 10-15 minute dosing complete, obtain active fracturing liquid DH-DB.Equipment used is this field conventional equipment.
2, DH-DB active fracturing fluidity energy
2.1 rheological property
1) base fluid and gelatin viscosity
The DH-DB active fracturing liquid base fluid of different ingredients and the apparent viscosity of frozen glue are referring to table 1.
The apparent viscosity of table 1DH-DB active fracturing liquid base fluid and frozen glue
2) shear at high temperature stability
Linking agent type, shearing rate, temperature, base fluid viscosity, oxygen level, pH value etc. are all the factors that affects fracturing liquid rheological.In rheological test, mainly investigate temperature resistance thickening and the anti-shear ability of DH-DB active fracturing liquid.
Utilize MAS-III HTHP rheometer to test.
Install fracturing liquid and set rheometer Heating temperature, by apparent viscosity temporal evolution trend, determine of the fracturing fluid shear stability.With 170s
-1lower shear continuously, until of the fracturing fluid apparent viscosity is while being 50mPa.s.
Shear rheology curve under differing temps refers to shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 5, the flow curve of sequence number 1-5 difference corresponding diagram 1-Fig. 5 in table one.Experimental result shows, several groups of fracturing liquid 170s
-1under, to shear continuously after 120min, viscosity, all more than 50mPa.s, meets or exceeds the requirement of petroleum industry relevant criterion.
The instant performance of 2.2DH-DB-1 viscosifying agent
For the instant performance of check DH-DB-1 viscosifying agent, the present embodiment has carried out dissolubility test, measures a certain amount of experimental water, by 0.6% and 0.8% mass concentration, viscosifying agent is slowly poured into, limit edged stirs, and places 4 hours, observe viscosity over time, experimental result is in Table 2.
The experiment of table 2DH-DB-1 viscosifying agent dissolution rate
Experimental result shows, under the condition that DH-DB-1 viscosifying agent stirs with glass stick, after 8 minutes, base fluid viscosity can reach the more than 90% of final viscosity, and there is no flake; Under condition by mixed tune device high-speed stirring, after 3 minutes, base fluid viscosity can reach 98% of final viscosity, illustrates that this viscosifying agent dissolution rate is fast, good dispersity, and tackify is fast, can meet the requirement being mixed continuously.
2.3 surface and interface tension force
Adopt the surface tension of surface tension instrument ring method test base fluid, adopt interfacial tensimeter rotation to drip an interfacial tension for method test base fluid, thereby the of the fracturing fluid row of returning characteristic is made an appraisal, the while preferably provides reference for tensio-active agent, cleanup additive again.The DH-DB active fracturing liquid surface and interface tension force of different ingredients is referring to table 3.
Table 3DH-DB active fracturing liquid surface and interface tension force
By test result, can be found out, the viscosifying agent as fracturing liquid host of the present invention belongs to low molecular activity agent, has good reduction table, interfacial tension effect, and low surface and interface tension force is conducive to reduce water lock phenomenon, accelerates the row of returning of breaking glue solution.From experiment, the row of helping of breaking glue solution leads all more than 17%, all higher than the index request of industry standard 15%.
2.4 outstanding sand abilities
DH-DB active fracturing liquid of the present invention is a kind of fluid with viscous-elastic behaviour, and proppants settle down is to investigate under experimental temperature and static conditions, the subsidence rate of propping agent.Settling height and the settling time of propping agent have linear relationship, and its slope is the static subsidence rate of this propping agent.
Experimental technique:
In 100ml graduated cylinder, measure 100ml DH-DB5 fracturing liquid sample (0.8%DH-DB-1+0.5%DH-DB-2+0.6%DH-DB-3);
Fracturing liquid is chosen several the propping agents that degree of sphericity is better, grain size is medium (haydite, quartz sand) sample, puts into each comfortable different lowering positions constantly of rear test, and averaged;
Utilize linear relationship to simulate the relational expression of settling height and time, slope is settling velocity.
Fig. 6 has provided at DH-DB active fracturing liquid and has added haydite and quartz sand, haydite and quartz sand settling velocity test result.From test result, in DH-DB active fracturing liquid, the settling velocity of quartz sand is slightly lower than haydite, and linear fit shows: the settling velocity of quartz sand is 0.005cm/s, and haydite is 0.0058cm/s.
Because DH-DB active fracturing liquid of the present invention is a kind of system that is different from conventional aqueous fracturing fluid completely, its performance test methods can not carry out according to industry standard " aqueous fracturing fluid performance test methods " completely.According to the laboratory results of the present invention, the test of taking grittiness energy should combine apparent viscosity with settling velocity.
The conventional of the fracturing fluid main test index of taking grittiness energy is that apparent viscosity is (with 170s
-1be main), it has been generally acknowledged that viscosity is when 50mPa.s is above, can meet and take sand performance requriements.But this case contriver find under study for action, compare with traditional guar gum fracturing fluid, under identical viscosity, the settling velocity of DH-DB active fracturing liquid of the present invention is obviously on the low side, therefore in the rheological test of active fracturing liquid, need to supplement the test of test propping agent (or steel ball) settling velocity.
By outstanding sand ability simultaneous test, known (the outstanding sand data of static state that record at the outstanding sand instrument of indoor static state are as follows: single quartz sand, static outstanding sand speed is less than 0.06cm/min, when sand ratio is 35%, static outstanding sand speed is less than 0.40cm/min, data can be found out thus), DH-DB active fracturing liquid has good outstanding sand ability, No. 5 DH-DB(0.8%DH-DB-1+0.5%DH-DB-2+0.6%DH-DB-3 wherein) fracturing liquid viscosity is at room temperature 165mPa.s, 30% sand places 24 than under static state do not have sedimentation, and the viscosity of guar gum fracturing fluid (0.55% hydroxypropyl guar gum HPG+0.3% linking agent HTC-160) is 1600mPa.s, the outstanding sand ability of the two is substantially suitable.
2.5 broken colloidality energy
The effect of gel breaker is to complete and make seam and take sand at fracturing liquid, forms after permanent sand packed fracture, makes fracturing liquid broken glue viscosity reduction rapidly, and the broken glue hydrating fluid that becomes approximate clear water is discharged from stratum.Reduce the residence time and the level of residue of hydrating fluid in stratum, also just reduced the possibility of reservoir and sand packed fracture permeability impairment.
A large amount of practices is verified, and the viscosity of fracturing liquid rubber-breaking hydrating fluid is lower, less to formation damage.Hydrated liquid viscosity is high, increase is returned to raffinate in row's process and, by the resistance in duct, crack, reduce drain age velocity and lifting rate, increases the residence time.
In the present embodiment, adopt ammonium persulphate as the gel breaker of DH-DB active fracturing liquid, by the requirement of industry standard, in the water-bath of 80-100 ℃, the ammonium persulphate of different dosages is broken to glue performance test.
Test result is referring to table 4.
The broken colloidality energy of table 4DH-DB active fracturing liquid
Experiment discovery, ammonium persulphate has good broken glue effect to DH-DB active fracturing liquid, and broken gel water is thorough.
2.6 residue content
The insolubles residue containing in fracturing liquid can stop up rock stratum hole, because the rock on fracturing liquid and stratum and fluid are incompatible, causes clay swelling or emulsifying effect etc., all can cause the injury to zone permeability.In the present embodiment, the residue content after the broken glue of DH-DB active fracturing liquid of the present invention is detected.Result is referring to table 5.
The test of table 5DH-DB active fracturing liquid residue content
From above-mentioned laboratory test results, after the broken glue of DH-DB active fracturing liquid of the present invention, substantially without residue, breaking glue solution clear, substantially without residue, and the crosslinked about 860mg/L of of the fracturing fluid residue content of conventional melon glue and organic boron, obvious flocculent precipitate is arranged at breaking glue solution bottom.
2.7 High Temperature High Pressure static filtrations are measured
Mensuration is not passed through the leak-off of filter paper containing the fracturing liquid of propping agent under high temperature, condition of high voltage; Measure temperature: fracturing liquid Applicable temperature scope; Measure pressure: instrument regulation test pressure reduction is 3.5MPa; Back pressure is determined by instrument requirement.Record Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, filter loss during 9,16,25,30,36min, by the leak-off data of fracturing liquid on filter paper, take filter loss as ordinate zou, and the square root of time of take is X-coordinate, on rectangular coordinates, maps.Experimental result refers to table 6.
Filtration property experimental result under table 6 differing temps
As seen from the above table, DH-DB active fracturing liquid has good filtrate loss controllability, can meet the requirement of industry standard.
2.8 core damage performances
Although the viscosity of breaking glue solution is very low, show that fracturing liquid cracks, also likely the perviousness of rock core is damaged.In the present embodiment, the breaking glue solution of DH-DB active fracturing liquid has been carried out to rock core perviousness and detected, to investigate the nocuity of breaking glue solution to rock core.
1) experimental technique
Choose the natural core of surface hydrophilic, test is pressure core flow tester with instrument:
The breaking glue solution of preparation DH-DB active fracturing liquid, collects filtrate;
Rock core is packed in clamper;
Just logical normal saline solution (40000ppm), surveys core permeability K
1;
Anti-logical breaking glue solution filtrate is to stability of flow;
Just logical normal saline solution (40000ppm), surveys core permeability K
2.
Utilize following formula to calculate core damage rate:
2) experimental result
Experimental result is referring to table 7.
Table 7 core damage test-results
From experimental result, DH-DB active fracturing liquid, is compared with HPG fracturing liquid the injury rate of rock core between 5.09%～9.4%, and injury rate reduces by 80% left and right; Also be starkly lower than conventional VES fracturing liquid.
By experiment above, the nocuity of the active breaking glue solution of DH-DB of the present invention also has following characteristics:
1. without filter cake, generate, kept to greatest extent the primary permeability of hole pore throat;
2. substantially without residue, form, can not cause absorption to hole wall;
3. fracturing liquid pH value remains on neutrality, has avoided Ca, Mg plasma under alkaline condition, to generate precipitation.
2.9 anti-swollen performances
Test method: measure with clay stabilizer performance measurement method SY/T5762-1995 according to fracture acidizing.Test-results is referring to table 8.
The anti-swollen performance test results of table 8DH-DB active fracturing liquid
Above properties test can be surperficial, and fracturing liquid of the present invention has following principal feature:
1) DH-DB active fracturing liquid can form good viscoelastic systems after being cross-linked, and has good prop-carrying capacity; And apparent viscosity is lower, in construction process, is conducive to reduce frictional resistance and improves infusion discharge capacity;
2) DH-DB-1 viscosifying agent good dispersity, dissolution rate in water is fast, and additive types is few, consumption is low, and dosing is convenient, can complete smoothly of the fracturing fluid on-the-spot preparation;
3) visco-elasticity is strong, suspension good, is also difficult for building up sand setting during high sand ratio, is conducive to improve sanding concentration.
4) this fracturing liquid host is tensio-active agent, has anti-swollen, not perishable feature; Broken gel water is thorough, can not cause Adsorption And Retention or affect supporting crack flow conductivity; Preparation is simple, does not need to increase specific installation.
Embodiment 2
DH-DB active fracturing liquid scene possesses the construction ability that employing is mixed continuously, can meet truck-mounted blender 8-10m
3the operational discharge capacity requirement of/min.
According to different reservoir temperature, determine each additive formula, according to additive DH-DB-1 → DH-DB-2 → DH-DB-3 → ammonium persulphate addition sequence, add continuous mixing truck stirred pot, be mixed with liquid supply truck-mounted blender.The liquid preparing is sent into well head by truck-mounted blender, finally enter into stratum.
In the absence of continuous mixing truck, can take the compound method of large discharge capacity jet-loop, also can meet 8-10m to truck-mounted blender is provided
3the operational discharge capacity requirement of/min.Additive addition sequence be mixed continuously identical.
Rig-site utilization situation
Example 1:
Trying 3 wells is to close down well, zone of interest mountain 1,90 ℃ of reservoir temperatures, fractured well section 2622.0-2626.0m flatly.First pressure break adopts HPG crosslinked gel, and average sand, than 21.6%, adds sand amount 35.1m
3, termination of pumping pressure 27MPa.After pressing, adopt 3.0mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm oil nozzle to control open flow discharge opeing, the later stage is opened wide open flow discharge opeing, and fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) rate is 72.83%.Adopt one point method to ask product, on average stablize gas production rate 0.6400 * 10
4m
3/ d, on average produces water 0.13m
3/ d, calculating open-flow capacity is 2.1533 * 10
4m
3/ d.Fracturing reform weak effect.
Refracturing is selected the active CO of DH-DB
2foamed fracturing fluid construction, during construction by fracturing liquid (0.6% viscosifying agent DH-DB-1+0.4% auxiliary rheological agents DH-DB-2) and CO
2press different ratios (CO
2froth quality ratio be less than 30%) squeeze in stratum simultaneously, utilize CO
2can improve the row of returning and lead, contribute to further volume increase, the active CO of DH-DB
2foamed fracturing fluid construction curve is shown in Figure 7.After pressing, obtain 15.0 * 10
4m
3the high yield of/d.
Example 2:
Pu Shen17Jing Shi China Petrochemical Industry emphasis preparatory reconnaissance borehole, fractured well section 4646.0-4655.5m, test reflection reservoir is high temperature LOW PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR, real Well-temperature approaches 160 degree, reservoir pressure coefficient 1.5.Employing DH-DB fracturing liquid (0.6% viscosifying agent DH-DB-1+0.4% auxiliary rheological agents DH-DB-2+0.4% temperature stabilising agent DH-DB-3) construction, on-the-spot flow container sampling detects 150 ℃, and shearing viscosity temperature characteristic is shown in Figure 8 continuously.Pu is dark, and 17 well sandfrac construction curve are shown in Figure 9.In this example, complete design adds sand 30m
3, day produce oil 10m after pressing
3, after pressing, output reaches same block output highest level.
Example 3:
The 53-82-48H of Soviet Union well finishing drilling well depth 5303m, horizontal section drilling depth 1725m, sandstone bores encountering rate 96.23%, and Effective Reservoirs bores encountering rate 65.39%, 130 ℃ of formation temperature.12 sections of design pressure breaks, add haydite 474m altogether
3, with fracturing liquid (0.6% viscosifying agent DH-DB-1+0.4% auxiliary rheological agents DH-DB-2+0.4% temperature stabilising agent DH-DB-3) 4070m
3, liquid nitrogen 174m
3.
Sectional well completion tubing string meaning shown in Figure 10, segmentation sandfrac construction curve, referring to Figure 11, is produced curve referring to Figure 12 after pressing.
Claims (10)
1. a fracturing liquid viscosifying agent, this viscosifying agent is synthetic by the volume ratio of 3:5～7:0.4～0.6:1～2:1.5～2.5:1.5～2.5:0.8～1.2 by viscoelastic surfactant, polyacrylamide, 2-acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali.
2. viscosifying agent according to claim 1, wherein, described viscoelastic surfactant is benzalkonium chloride and/or Morpan BB.
3. the preparation method of the viscosifying agent described in claim 1 or 2, the method comprises:
Viscoelastic surfactant is mixed with polyacrylamide resin and heat and make its complete melting, then add 2-acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali, at the temperature of 120～160 ℃, stir more than 1 hour, products therefrom is described viscosifying agent.
4. a fracturing liquid compositions of additives, said composition comprises the viscosifying agent described in claim 1 or 2.
5. composition according to claim 4, said composition also comprises auxiliary rheological agents, described auxiliary rheological agents is to be formed by the volume ratio physical mixed of 1:1.5～2.5 by tensio-active agent and ethanol.
6. composition according to claim 5, wherein, described tensio-active agent is benzalkonium chloride or Morpan BB.
7. a fracturing liquid, take this of the fracturing fluid gross weight is benchmark, its component comprises:
Viscosifying agent 0.2%～0.8% described in claim 1 or 2;
Auxiliary rheological agents 0.2%～0.8%;
Wherein said auxiliary rheological agents is to be formed by the volume ratio physical mixed of 1:1.5～2.5 by tensio-active agent and ethanol, and wherein, described tensio-active agent is benzalkonium chloride or Morpan BB.
8. fracturing liquid according to claim 7, wherein also comprises temperature stabilising agent, and wherein, described temperature stabilising agent is synthetic in 1～2:2 ratio by tensio-active agent and straight chain alcohols material; Tensio-active agent is benzalkonium chloride or Morpan BB, and alcohols is preferably ethanol.
9. the application of the fracturing liquid described in claim 7 or 8 in the continuous sandfrac of shale gas; Preferably, be that right to use requires the fracturing liquid described in 7 or 8 to coordinate CO
2carry out CO
2mix pressure break.
10. the continuous sandfrac method of shale gas, is wherein that right to use requires the fracturing liquid described in 7 or 8; Preferably, be that right to use requires the fracturing liquid described in 7 or 8 to coordinate CO
2carry out CO
2mix pressure break.
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| WO2015109917A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
| CN103756664B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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