CN103109039A - Hydraulic fracturing method - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103109039A CN103109039A CN2010800681277A CN201080068127A CN103109039A CN 103109039 A CN103109039 A CN 103109039A CN 2010800681277 A CN2010800681277 A CN 2010800681277A CN 201080068127 A CN201080068127 A CN 201080068127A CN 103109039 A CN103109039 A CN 103109039A
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/685—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds containing cross-linking agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Abstract
A method is given for diverting injected slickwater in a hydraulic fracturing treatment. The diversion fluid is preferably a substantially proppant free viscous fluid that causes a net pressure increase and plugging of some of the microfractures in the initial fracture system created, which induces formation of supplementary microfractures connected to the initial fracture network and increases the contact area with the formation rock. The method generates a greater fracture network complexity and thus a higher contact area with the reservoir during a single treatment cycle.
Description
Background of invention
Usually need to increase production transformation (for example fracturing) from unconventional reservoir (for example tight sand and shale) recovering oil gas and realize economical production.Water or slippery water (when so-called water uses together with a small amount of drag reducer) are typically used as fracturing liquid with the unconventional reservoir of volume increase transformation hypotonicity.This processing is designed to the large reservoir volume of volume increase transformation, and opens the more high surface area of the rock that keeps oil gas, therefore improves and produces.Although slippery water liquid provides relatively poor transmission usually for conventional proppant, due to its low-down viscosity, think that still it is effective and economical.Use low-viscosity (mobile) liquid sometimes to cause producing the cross fracture net for the fracture stimulation transformation in low-permeability reservoir, and sometimes cause single fracture planes to spread.Although it is normally enough in shale formation to process with this class the low conductibility that realizes, believe that increasing contact area by the fracture network that produces complexity is to improve one of key element of production of hydrocarbons in this stratum.
Prove that not yet existing treatment technology is fully effectively to the fracture network stratum with high fracture spacing.Interconnected fracture in fracture network system as shown in fig. 1 quantitatively reflects the complexity of fracture network.Need a kind of produce during single treatment cycle larger fracture network complexity and therefore with the reliable crack treatment technology of the larger contact area of reservoir.
Brief summary of the invention
One embodiment of the invention are a kind of methods for the pressure break subsurface formations, and wherein the liquid by a certain order is injected in the stratum; Described order has the period 1 as a feature, it comprise (a) under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate inject and to have less than the about pad liquid of the viscosity of 50mPas, (b) under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate inject and to have less than the about proppant particulates slurry of the viscosity of 50mPas, (c) under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate inject and to have greater than the about thickening fluid of the viscosity of 50mPas (its will as diversion agent); With integrated repeating step (b) and (c) one or more than a subsequent cycle.Optionally, at first inject pad liquid.The permeability on stratum is usually less than about 1mD.
In another embodiment, thickening turns to liquid to have when pumping less than the about viscosity of 20mPas, and then thickening in reservoir, and for example reservoir contains carbonate and thickening fluid is acid at first, and along with acid is consumed and becomes and have more viscosity.Can use the self-diverting acid system to be formed on this system of thickening in reservoir.
In various other embodiments, thickening fluid also contains proppant; The total liquid volume of injecting in step (b) is to process at least 75% of the total liquid volume injected; And the liquid that injects in step (b) carries at least 90% of total proppant that processing injects; Proppant has following shape, and its (for example) is selected from the mixture of spheroid, bar, cylinder, plate, sheet material, spherocylinder, ellipsoid, annulus, ellipse, fiber, arch/honeycomb, mesh, mesh/honeycomb, honeycomb, bubble, spongy or foaming structure and these shapes; The magnitude range of proppant is approximately 5 microns to approximately 1000 microns.
In yet another embodiment, at least a solid degradation material that comprises of institute's filling liquid, the for example copolymer of the part of the copolymer of the part of the copolymer of PLA, polyglycolic acid, PLA and polyglycolic acid, glycolic and other hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid, lactic acid and other hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid, and the mixture of these materials.Degradation material is used with the form of fiber, plate, thin slice, pearl and its combination usually.
In other embodiments, the liquid of the liquid of step (a) or step (b) or both contain drag reducer.In the liquid of step (c) or a plurality of step (c), every liter of clear liquid can optionally contain less than the about proppant of 0.024kg, or can optionally there is no in fact proppant.
In another other embodiments, one or more than being with 100s under ambient conditions after one-period
-1Shear rate inject and to have greater than the viscosity of about 50mPas and to contain the liquid of thick proppant; Under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate can be optionally to inject the liquid that contains the proppant backflow controlling agent after injecting the one or more steps have greater than the about liquid that contains thick proppant of the viscosity of 50mPas.
In another embodiment, described method comprises the final step of injecting flushing liquor; At least a use degradable thickening agent multiviscosisty of described liquid.In other embodiments, first step (b) at least one step (b) afterwards in step (a) afterwards, or each step (b) is in step (a) afterwards.
The total liquid volume of injecting in step (c) preferably account for total liquid volume that described processing injects less than 10%.In each cycle, the liquid volume in stage C to the ratio of the liquid volume in stage B preferably less than approximately 1/10.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 illustrates the Fracture Systems complexity that increases from A to B to C.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of manifold system.
Fig. 3 illustrates pressure in manifold system to the time.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will describe according to the processing of straight well, but can be applied to equally the well of any orientation.The present invention will describe the production of hydrocarbons well, it should be understood that, the present invention can also be for the production of the well of other liquid (such as water or carbon dioxide), or (for example) is used for Injection Well or storage well.Should also be understood that and run through this manual, when the scope of concentration or amount is described to usefully when suitable or similar, mean that any and each concentration of (comprising end points) in described scope or amount are regarded as illustrating.In addition, unless be otherwise noted in context, otherwise each numerical value should be when once reading by term " about " change (unless expressly so change), and do not change like this when then again reading.For example, " from 1 to 10 scope " is read as indication along between approximately 1 and about each possible number of the non-individual body between 10.In other words, when a certain scope of statement, stated the minority particular data point even only clearly identify or carry in described scope, or even do not carry and state the interior data point of described scope, or should understand, any and all data points that the inventor understands and understands in described scope all are regarded as specifying, and the inventor have in described gamut and described scope have a few.
We have developed a kind of Fracture Systems complexity that increases to improve the method for production of hydrocarbons from unconventional low-permeability reservoir.In described method, be to be pumped in reservoir by stage of a certain order; Replenishing low-viscosity (mobile) liquid by pumping by at least one stage of the relatively low volume of liquid of the degradable thickening agent multiviscosisty that is used as diversion agent processes.Pumping viscous liquid diversion agent causes net pressure to increase, and stops up some microcracks in the initial Fracture Systems of setting up, and this has caused to form and be connected to the additional microcrack of initial fracture network, and has increased the contact area with formation rock.Generally repeat to inject the viscosity slug of diversion agent.Use like this slug of viscous liquid to make volume increase transformation more volume reservoir in the remote areas of reservoir.After described processing, multiviscosisty liquid is degraded naturally, or destroys with cracking agent, begins from chinking temporarily to launch to produce.Note, the present invention relates to process in a kind of district increasing production transformation the method that is redirected, its complexity due to described district internal fissure increases the more large contact surface that causes producing with reservoir and amasss.
When a plurality of production areas are transformed by fracture stimulation, usually need to be with a plurality of districts of a plurality of phase process.This has produced needs to enabling from distinguishing to the redirected steering technique of processing of distinguishing.This turning to (having new perforation after each processing) (for example) completed with plug, powder, thin slice, particle, bead and the block of the bridging plug, ball sealer, solid gel plug or the biodegradable fiber that optionally have slow water miscible coating.Another situation that need to turn to is that the processing in the volume increase transformation is distinguished is redirected.In this case, transformed extra formation rock volume in the situation that along pit shaft, another district does not process redirected the volume increase with entrance identical in the stratum.Be enjoyably, the slug of application viscous liquid or fine sand leak to control, and reduce the technology of (not increasing) crack complexity in the reservoir of natural pressure break.In the past, deliberately seek reducing so that obvious tortuosity to be provided near pit shaft district's place's single fracture surface of generation (rather than crack passage of a plurality of connections), and the risk that will screen too early drops to minimum.
Shown that the slippery water processing provides the production that is comparable to from the production of conventional Gel Treatment, but cost is obviously lower.One of most important characteristics of slippery water operation is the low gel infringement that the low polymer content due to liquid causes.Yet low liquid viscosity affects its proppant delivery character consumingly, and proppant deeply is placed in the crack is a challenge.Utilizing light weight and ultralight amount proppant has been a solution.Another solution is by stages with the proppant pumping slippery water of difference amount and the composition of gel; This processing is commonly referred to the mixed type pressure break or mixed type hydraulic pressure splits.Although the purpose of mixed type pressure break is better proppant and more full-bodied liquid to be settled than slippery water, has also noticed other advantage, comprise having produced more wide seam and so having avoided the proppant bridge joint.Be also noted that the mixed type pressure break can produce longer effective pressure break length, but the effective conductibility in the mixed type pressure break not to split middle height than hydraulic pressure all the time.
Attempt without proppant, or only use thick proppant, or alternately with the two slippery water pressure break.Yet common slippery water is processed and is comprised the following stage: a) smooth water cushion liquid; B) increase to gradually the slippery water stage of the thin proppant (for example, approximately 100 orders husky (approximately 0.105mm to approximately the particle of 0.21mm) or approximately 30/70 sand (approximately 0.21mm to approximately 0.595mm)) of about 2ppa (the proppant poundage of interpolation) (every liter of clear liquid adds about 0.012kg to the about sand of 0.240kg) from about 0.1ppa with concentration; C) increase at the most the linear gel of thick proppant (for example approximately 20/40 sand (approximately 0.42mm to approximately 0.841mm) or the approximately sand of 20/40 coating resin) of about 5ppa (every liter of clear liquid adds the approximately sand of 0.6kg) (with 100s with concentration
-1Shear rate have approximately 10mPas to the about typical viscosities of 100mPas), with strut the crack near shaft area; And d) rinse.Usually, the pad liquid stage be approximately 500bbl to about 3000bbl (about 80m
3To about 480m
3), the slippery water stage be approximately 500bbl to approximately 25,000bbl (about 80m
3To about 4000m
3), gel phase be approximately 500bbl to approximately 25,000bbl (about 80m
3To about 4000m
3) and to rinse be approximate pit shaft volume from well head to perforation, sometimes adds at the most approximately 50bbl (about 8m
3).
Blended process attempts to realize that conventional gel and slippery water process both advantages.Usually, the mixed type pressure break comprises pumping: a) smooth water cushion liquid; B) selecting the slippery water stage with thin proppant (for example, less than approximately 0.5ppa (the approximately clear liquid of 0.06kg/l)); C) with thick proppant (for example, approximately 20/40 (approximately 0.4mm to approximately 0.841mm)) with 100s
-1Shear rate have approximately 100mPas to the about cross-linked gel of the viscosity of 1000mPas, (with (for example) the about concentration of 5ppa (every liter of clear liquid adds the approximately sand of 0.6kg) at the most); Duplication stages b optionally) and c); And flushing.Volume is usually processed with conventional slippery water mentioned above and is roughly the same.In the modification of the mixed type pressure break that is called reverse mixed type pressure break, change the order that liquid injects, therefore use high-viscosity polymer (linear or crosslinked) to produce the crack, and with proppant pumping after adhesive pad liquid of low-viscosity (mobile) liquid transmission.The viscosity contrast causes forming the finger piece of the liquid that carries the low viscosity proppant in viscosity higher liquid, and hinders proppants settle down by the layer (finger piece) of more viscous liquids.Explanation again, as in the mixed type pressure break of classics, purpose of design is that proppant deeper is passed to the fracture conductivity that struts length and Geng Gao to guarantee more to grow in the crack.In any slippery water pumping progress, when liquid was transformed into adhesive support agent slurries from slippery water, liquid may become viscous liquid from slippery water a period of time before adding proppant; For example in another kind of mixed type pressure break, at first the pumping slippery water is to produce length; What follow is cross-linked gel pad liquid, and is then the rough sand that is crosslinked gel.
The key difference of method of the present invention and mixed type pressure break is the volume at slippery water multiviscosisty liquid of pumping in the stage.Because settling proppant is not the real purpose of method of the present invention, so viscous liquid is the sub-fraction of total operation volume.In addition, the proppant concentration in multiviscosisty liquid is similar to the concentration of slippery water in the stage.
The characteristics of unconventional gas reservoir are low-down stratum permeability (for example, less than about 0.1mD, the low approximately 100nD that reaches in shale), and the volume increase reforming processing needs the larger process volume (for example to surpass approximately 15,000m usually
3(1Mgal)) and higher pump rate (for example, at least about 6.4m
3/ min (40bpm), common approximately 10m
3/ min (60bpm), and about 20m at the most sometimes
3/ min (120bpm)) open long crack, and produce the complex fracture net, this can provide towards the not limited gas flow of pit shaft.Usually use that (it normally has the water of a small amount of polymerization drag reducer, with 100s by slippery water liquid
-1Shear rate the time have at the most the approximately viscosity of 50mPas) sand of all size of transmission struts the crack.Liquid (for example higher than approximately 15cP) with viscosity higher is commonly called hydraulic pressure and splits liquid.Light weight proppant (for example, having approximately 2.2 to about 2.8 proportion) and ultralight amount proppant (for example have approximately 1.0 to approximately 2.0 proportion) can be used for hydraulic pressure and split.Slippery water liquid contains than linear gel or the significantly lower polymer concentration of cross-linked gel, so its infringement to proppant pack is less.
Use various steering techniques to increase effective volume increase transformation volume (ESV) of reservoir.Method depends on temporarily stifled (for example, having increased production the district of transformation) in some districts to transform other district with the same treatment volume increase.The existing forward method target of great majority is pit shaft and perforation, with the different stratigraphic region of volume increase transformation.These methods comprise the interval isolating tool of various delivery cannula, such as bridging plug, sand plug, ball sealer, cause stress and turn to and other instrument.Turning in the fracturing field in the crack is not too common.A kind of method provides desired nearly pit shaft crack to turn to.Described method is used the mixture of proppant and biodegradable fiber and is settled strategy with the fracture surface in the nearly shaft area of temporary transient obstruction, the processing in different pit shafts districts is turned to realizing.
The present invention discloses a kind of method that increases fracture network complexity and raising reservoir contact area by means of multiviscosisty liquid.Multiviscosisty liquid optional from (such as, but not limited to) liquid of viscoelastic surfactant, borate and/or metal corsslinking polysaccharide, for example guar gum, cellulose derivative, xanthans, scleroglucan etc.Liquid can also comprise crosslinked delayed-action activator to control liquid viscosity; Comprise cracking agent (comprising the capsule cracking agent) to guarantee to process slug degraded afterwards; Comprise biodegradable fiber and other additive.Known these liquid of one of ordinary skill in the art and its composition.Method preferably is applied to have less than the about infiltrative stratum of 1mD, and more preferably is applied to have less than the about infiltrative stratum of 10mD, and most preferably is applied to have less than the about infiltrative shale formation of 1000nD.Described method can be used for frac treatment again.
Process as for common slippery water, exemplary process of the present invention starts from pad liquid, stage A, the wherein pure slippery water liquid of pumping.The pad liquid stage produces Fracture Systems, and guarantee width for proppant by being sufficient.Be the large volume stage B after the pad liquid stage, the slippery water of proppant is carried in pumping, and it is passed to proppant major fracture and the extra fracture network of unlatching.Liquid B account for described processing total liquid volume at least 75%.The liquid of stage A and B under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate the time have less than the about viscosity of 50mPas, preferably at 100s
-1Shear rate the time have approximately 1mPas to the about viscosity of 10mPas.Liquid A and B can be identical or different.One of ordinary skill in the art become known for the proppant that slippery water is processed; Nonrestrictive embodiment comprises husky and other rocks and minerals, comprises the mixture of muscovite, pottery, polymeric material, biomaterial and these materials.Should be specifically noted that the selection of proppant material, because slippery water has the transport property of non-constant due to its low-down viscosity.The stage C of turning to is after proppant is settled in the far field in stage B, and relates to pumping multiviscosisty liquid, and it can also optionally contain proppant and/or fibrous material.The liquid of stage C under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate the time have viscosity after multiviscosisty, it is greater than about 50mPas, preferably approximately 100mPas to about 1000mPas.Optionally, the liquid of stage C can be used as the low-viscosity (mobile) liquid pumping, and the viscosity of liquid increases in reservoir; In this case, with 100s
-1Shear rate the time initial viscosity greater than about 20mPas (with 100s
-1Shear rate the time preferred scope be approximately 20mPas to about 100mPas), and under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate the time final viscosity be greater than about 50mPas, preferably approximately 100mPas to about 1000mPas.The volume of stage C is generally less than the volume in other stage of described processing.In stage C, liquid is less than approximately 1/10 to the volume ratio of liquid in stage B, preferably approximately 1/100 to approximately 1/10.The total liquid volume upper limit in the stage C of each treatment cycle (before processing is redirected to another pit shaft interval) is about 64m
3(400bbl); Can use and reach less approximately 10m
3Liquid.Liquid C optionally contains fiber, for example biodegradable fiber, and/or proppant.Preferred proppant size be approximately 0.05mm to about 1mm (preferably approximately 0.2mm to about 0.4mm; Preferred proppant concentration is that every liter of clear liquid adds approximately 0.012kg to about 0.6kg (being most preferably that every liter of clear liquid adds approximately 0.024kg to about 0.24kg).
A kind of pumping low-viscosity (mobile) liquid stage C and the especially proper method that liquid viscosity is increased are to use acidic liquid, and its (for example) stands viscosity when pH increases by contacting with reservoir rock to be increased.Many this systems are to become known for acidifying and acid pressure break; It often is called as self-diverting acid, and based on viscoelastic surfactant the time, it is called as viscoplasticity and turns to acid.In the present invention, it is used for slippery water is turned to.Embodiment is based on the acid that turns to of viscoelastic surfactant, for example some betaine.Suitable thickening agent and system are described in United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 399, and No. 546, the 6th, 667, No. 280, the 6th, 903, No. 054, the 7th, 119, No. 050, the 7th, 148, No. 184, the 7th, 380, No. 602 and the 7th, 666, in No. 821.Except turning to, use in the present invention this self-diverting acid and to reduce the crack initial pressure by the etching stratum and introduce heterogeneously, and improve the complexity of fracture network by the incrustation scale that dissolving has optionally usually been gathered in the dry/dehiscence furrow of reservoir/structure.
Stage C can also contain fiber, its preferably have approximately 1 micron to the about diameter of 100 microns (being more preferably approximately 10 microns to approximately 30 microns) and approximately 1mm to the about length of 50mm (be more preferably approximately 3mm to about 35mm), be the approximately extremely about concentration of 60g (preferably every liter of clear liquid approximately the extremely about 16g of 1.2g) of 0g of every liter of clear liquid.
In this article, not having in fact the liquid of proppant to be defined as every liter of clear liquid has less than the about liquid of 0.024kg proppant load.Viscous liquid is intended to turn to, and therefore is designed to turn to, rather than carries proppant or fiber.Stage C liquid does not have in fact proppant.
The pumping of multiviscosisty liquid has increased the net pressure in the crack, and it temporarily reduces the liquid flow in the part of major fracture, and has caused along major fracture and form the side crack.This temporary transient pressure increase can also reversibly increase crack width, reduces the possibility of proppant bridge joint in the crack.Because multiviscosisty liquid has density near the density of slippery water own, so liquid slug can be in the situation that be transferred to fracture network system (referring to embodiment 1) without any the problem relevant to the slug sedimentation.
Liquid A and liquid B preferably are selected from the mixture of fresh water, salt solution, seawater, polymer solution, viscoelastic surfactant solution, gel oil, multiviscosisty diesel fuel, aqueous emulsion and these liquid.Liquid C preferably is selected from polymer solution, gel, cross-linked gel, viscoelastic surfactant solution, gel oil, multiviscosisty diesel fuel and aqueous emulsion.These thickening agents are preferably degradable.Preferred polymer comprises the composition of guar gum, gum arabic, karaya, tamarind gum, locust bean gum, cellulose, xanthans, scleroglucan, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate, these materials, and change thing, substituent or the derivative of these polymer.Polymer in liquid is can (for example) crosslinked by the composition of compound, organic or inorganic polyion and these materials of boron, aluminium, titanium, zirconium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, antimony.Described liquid can optionally contain crosslinked delayed-action activator or gel gel breaker or polymer cracking agent (for example capsule breaker, internal latency gel breaker, temperature-activated gel breaker) and these composition.In liquid B and optionally be selected from the mixture of sand, pottery, glass, rocks and minerals (such as mica), organic and inorganic polymer, metal and alloy, composite material and these materials the optimization of the proppants in liquid C.These optimization of the proppants ground has following shape, and it is selected from the mixture of spheroid, bar, cylinder, plate, sheet material, spherocylinder, ellipsoid, annulus, ellipse, fiber, mesh, arch/honeycomb, mesh/honeycomb, honeycomb, bubble, spongy or foaming structure and these shapes." arch/honeycomb " and " mesh/honeycomb " is special three-dimensional tissue material, for example, and netted foaming polyurethane.These materials have the three-dimensional bubble structure, and its (for example) is comprised of dodecahedron, and its every one side is pentagon.Pentagon is formed by the limit, has film or window between the limit.Always lack at least one film, therefore form open-celled structure.The method of thickening agent and proppant and these liquid of preparation is all known in the art.
Optimization of the proppants ground in liquid B and C optionally be approximately 5 microns to the about magnitude range of 1000 microns, most preferably approximately 50 microns to approximately 840 microns.These proppants can optionally appliedly maybe can pass through organophilic processing.Liquid B preferably carry proppant in stage B and C at least about 90 percentage by weights.
The liquid of stage B and stage C can also optionally contain degradation material, for example composition of fiber, plate, thin slice, pearl and these materials.Degradation material (for example) is selected from the copolymer of part of copolymer, lactic acid and other hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid of part of copolymer, glycolic and other hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or the hydroxycarboxylic acid of PLA, polyglycolic acid, PLA and polyglycolic acid, and the mixture of these materials.
Any liquid (liquid that especially uses in stage C) can foam or release energy.
The Fracture Systems that the water pressure break forms in heterogeneous reservoir is believed the structure with complexity and branch usually, has the dry of many intersections, has variation (referring to Fig. 1 C) on fractuer direction.Yet the multiviscosisty liquid that uses in the present invention and method are stopped up existing crack with the sizable distance of distance pit shaft; This depends on liquid viscosity, and liquid viscosity is controlled by delayed-action activator then can.By changing time delay, the operator can control apart from the distance of the pit shaft that occurs stopping up.Formed obstruction sharply increases pressure, and has caused produce the new crack of growing that is connected to identical fracture network on other direction, and previous untreated district (referring to embodiment 2) has been transformed in volume increase.
Turn at every turn (stage C) afterwards duplication stages A (optionally) and B to set up new crack and fracture network.Each pumping (with any order) of at least one stage B and at least one stage C is called one-period; Each cycle is contained stage B and C at least; Whole processing starts from stage A.In the described cycle, for example ABC-ABC (preferably), ABC-BC, ABC-BC-BC, ACB-CB-CB, ABC-BAC-BC or ABC-BC-ABC-BC etc. repeat in case of necessity as far as possible repeatedly to produce required fracture network.In any cycle, the liquid in stage C to the volume ratio of the liquid in stage B less than approximately 1/10, preferably approximately 1/100 to approximately 1/10.The total liquid volume upper limit in the stage C of each treatment cycle (before processing is redirected to another pit shaft interval) is about 64m
3(400bbl); Can use and reach less approximately 10m
3Liquid.Any cycle can optionally comprise stage A, and can be optionally stage D afterwards, wherein pumping has slightly the gel of (for example approximately 0.4mm to about 1mm (preferably approximately 0.42mm to about 0.84mm)) proppant to strut major fracture and to guarantee that it has high conductance.Optionally stage E after any stage D, pumping proppant backflow controlling agent, for example, the proppant of coating resin or any other proppant controlling agent as known in the art such as fiber, and are optionally flushings at last, stage F.Water, salt solution or can be used for rinsing with the same or analogous liquid of the liquid of any stage A; Rinse normally the volume around pit shaft, from well head to just at the top in processed perforation interval or the bottom (increase or reduce approximately 3bbl to about 100bbl (about 18m
3To about 65m
3).The liquid of any stage D is with 100s
-1Shear rate the time have approximately 1mPas to the about viscosity of 1000mPas; The liquid of any stage E is with 100s
-1Shear rate the time have approximately 1mPas to the about viscosity of 50mPas.
It is identical with the liquid of any other stage A, stage B, stage C, stage D or stage E that the liquid of each stage A, stage B, stage C, stage D or stage E does not need.After described processing end and closing up of cracks, the liquid plug natural degradation that is turned to by stage C being used for of setting up, or destroy with oxidisability or the cracking agent that reduces other type of liquid viscosity.This has opened the reservoir zone of pressure break originally, and with oil gas or other fluid transport to pit shaft, improve and produce.
Embodiment has hereinafter illustrated the property transmitted (embodiment 1) of the multiviscosisty liquid in the slippery water liquid with similar density; Slug with multiviscosisty liquid stops up manifold system (the complicated fracture network of its volume increase transformation) (embodiment 2); With the described plug of degrading in time when having the oxidisability cracking agent (embodiment 3).Described embodiment presents for the purpose of explanation the preferred embodiments of the invention, and does not consist of any restriction to category of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
To be placed in by the liquid slug of the borate crosslinked guar gum gel of the guar gum concentration with 6g/L (50lb/1000gal) preparation and have the slippery water slug top of similar density that the organic glass subsider that is of a size of 1000x 300x 4mm contains the polyacrylamide drag reducer of 0.05 percentage by weight.Do not observe the slug diffusion during 4 hours experimental periods when room temperature.The viscosity slug keep to be consolidated and is floated on the slippery water slug and can sedimentation.
Embodiment 2:
The behavior of the viscosity slug that research is transmitted in longer horizontal tube.Tested the laminar flow fluidised form.These data can be used for estimating that the slug in the crack transmits.For the dependence of research slug transmission, constructed special mechanism.Described mechanism comprise transparent plastic water pipe (35m long and 18mm ID), the system that is used for injecting viscosity slug and base fluid, water pump and two optical sensors (one pipe begin locate and the end at pipe) determining the length of viscosity slug, and data collecting system.Inject the slug of viscous liquid with special loop.The viscosity slug of required composition was loaded on the slug infusion circuit before experiment in, and by valve and from the main line packing.Base fluid is by pipe pumping a few minutes, until base fluid stream is stable.In case it is stable to reach stream, described stream is directed to slug sample infusion circuit, and the viscosity slug is pumped in system.
The viscous liquid slug is by the preparation of the borate crosslinked guar gum gel of the guar gum concentration with 6g/L (50lb/1000gal), and for visual and dye with phenolphthalein; Use base fluid, slippery water, contain the polyacrylamide drag reducer of 0.05wt%.Pumping slippery water and viscous liquid slug, and the elongation of slug in pipe between the research transmission period.The flow velocity of slippery water is 8.1L/min, and it is corresponding to the linear velocity of 43.6cm/sec.Experiment shows that average viscous liquid slug speed is 42cm/sec.The difference of base fluid and viscosity slug speed is caused by the fingering effect, and wherein denser the and liquid that has more viscosity is with the speed rates lower with respect to base fluid speed.The initial slug length of injecting is 215 ± 20cm.250 ± 24cm in the final slug length of managing the end.When described stream is laminar flow, do not observe obvious slug elongation between transmission period in pipe.This experiment shows can transmit the viscous liquid slug in the crack; Under the condition of flox condition, slug does not obviously disperse in imitating the crack.
Embodiment 3:
Use has from 6.35mm (0.25in) and is changed to the low generation big Lip river gram union manufacturing manifold [3] as shown in Figure 2 that reaches the external diameter of 1.59mm (1/16in).Fig. 3 illustrates test result, and it draws overpressure to the time.Pass through manifold with Knauer pump [1] with the flow velocity pumping of 0.51/min with the identical slippery water that uses in embodiment 1 and 2, wherein pressure generally is no more than 138kPa (20psi).Then the slug with the cross-linked gel of use in embodiment 1 and 2 is placed in slurry tank [2], and changes at pump period pressure thereupon; Pressure is increased to 1007kPa (146psi) at the most, under this pressure, and earth pressure release rupture disk [4] fragmentation.The fracture network of manifold system Simulation of Complex during turning to the stage, and because net pressure increases, the pressure break in the district of the not volume increase transformation of rupture disk imitation reservoir.
Claims (24)
1. method that is used for the pressure break subsurface formations, it comprises: the period 1, the described period 1 comprise (a) under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate inject and to have less than the about pad liquid of the viscosity of 50mPas, (b) under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate inject and to have less than the about proppant particulates slurry of the viscosity of 50mPas, (c) under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate inject and to have greater than the about thickening fluid of the viscosity of 50mPas; With comprise repeating step (b) and (c) one or more than a subsequent cycle.
2. at first method according to claim 1, wherein inject described pad liquid.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein said thickening fluid have when pumping less than the about viscosity of 20mPas, and then thickening.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein said reservoir contains carbonate, and described thickening fluid is acid at first.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein said thickening fluid also comprises proppant.
6. method according to claim 1, the described total liquid volume of wherein injecting in step (b) comprise at least 75% of total liquid volume that described processing is injected.
7. method according to claim 1, the described liquid that wherein injects in step (b) are carried at least 90% of described total proppant that described processing injects.
8. method according to claim 1, the permeability on wherein said stratum is less than about 1mD.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein said proppant has following shape, and it is selected from the mixture of spheroid, bar, cylinder, plate, sheet material, spherocylinder, ellipsoid, annulus, ellipse, fiber, arch/honeycomb, mesh, mesh/honeycomb, honeycomb, bubble, spongy or foaming structure and these shapes.
10. method according to claim 1, the magnitude range of wherein said proppant is approximately 5 microns to approximately 1000 microns.
11. method according to claim 1, at least a solid degradation material that comprises of the liquid of wherein said injection.
12. method according to claim 11, wherein said degradation material comprise copolymer and its mixture of part of copolymer, lactic acid and other hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid of part of copolymer, glycolic and other hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or the hydroxycarboxylic acid of PLA, polyglycolic acid, PLA and polyglycolic acid.
13. method according to claim 11, wherein said degradation material is used with the form of fiber, plate, thin slice, pearl and its combination.
14. method according to claim 1, wherein the described liquid of the described liquid of step (a) or step (b) or both comprise drag reducer.
15. method according to claim 1, wherein in the described liquid of step (c) or a plurality of step (c), every liter of clear liquid comprises less than the about proppant of 0.024kg.
16. method according to claim 1, wherein the described liquid of step (c) or a plurality of step (c) does not have in fact proppant.
17. method according to claim 1, one of them or more than being with 100s under ambient conditions after one-period
-1Shear rate inject and to have greater than the about liquid that comprises thick proppant of the viscosity of 50mPas.
18. method according to claim 17, wherein under ambient conditions with 100s
-1Shear rate be to inject the liquid that comprises the proppant backflow controlling agent after injecting the described one or more steps have greater than the about liquid that comprises thick proppant of the viscosity of 50mPas.
19. method according to claim 1, it comprises the final step of injecting flushing liquor.
20. method according to claim 1, at least a use degradable thickening agent multiviscosisty of wherein said liquid.
21. method according to claim 1, wherein said first step (b) at least one step (b) afterwards in step (a) afterwards.
22. method according to claim 1, wherein each step (b) in step (a) afterwards.
23. method according to claim 1, the cumulative volume of the described liquid that wherein injects in step (c) be included in total liquid volume that described processing injects less than 10%.
24. method according to claim 1, wherein in each cycle, the liquid volume in stage C and the ratio of the liquid volume in stage B are less than approximately 1/10.
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| CN (1) | CN103109039A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR081195A1 (en) |
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| MX (1) | MX341853B (en) |
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| CN103642474A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-03-19 | 东方宝麟科技发展(北京)有限公司 | Low damage rubber plug thickening agent used for hydraulic fracturing, rubber plug composition and application thereof |
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| CN103756664A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-30 | 东方宝麟科技发展(北京)有限公司 | Densifier and fracturing fluid for shale gas fracturing fluid, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103756664B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2017-01-25 | 东方宝麟科技发展(北京)有限公司 | Densifier and fracturing fluid for shale gas fracturing fluid, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105986802A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-10-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Downhole fracturing method |
| CN105986802B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2018-12-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The method of underground fracture |
| CN105041288A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-11-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Fractural diverting acid-fracturing method for carbonate oil-gas reservoirs |
| CN105114050B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2018-05-25 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of new fracturing pump injecting method |
| CN105114050A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Novel fracturing pump-injection method |
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| CN106567702A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2017-04-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for improving complexity index of deep shale gas fracture |
| CN106567702B (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2021-08-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for improving complexity index of deep shale gas crack |
| CN106907137A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method of the effective water conservancy diversion in shale oil reservoir volume fracturing crack |
| CN106907137B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-01-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method of the effective water conservancy diversion in shale oil reservoir volume fracturing crack |
| CN107387053A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-11-24 | 北京大学 | A kind of method that big passage major fracture cooperates with pressure break with complicated seam net |
| CN107387053B (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-05-22 | 北京大学 | Method for collaborative fracturing of main cracks and complex crack network of large channel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX341853B (en) | 2016-09-05 |
| RU2012154650A (en) | 2014-06-27 |
| AR081195A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| RU2523316C1 (en) | 2014-07-20 |
| WO2011145966A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
| MX2012013299A (en) | 2013-02-15 |
| US20130105157A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| CA2799555A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
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Application publication date: 20130515 |