CN103642474A - Low damage rubber plug thickening agent used for hydraulic fracturing, rubber plug composition and application thereof - Google Patents
Low damage rubber plug thickening agent used for hydraulic fracturing, rubber plug composition and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103642474A CN103642474A CN201310595035.XA CN201310595035A CN103642474A CN 103642474 A CN103642474 A CN 103642474A CN 201310595035 A CN201310595035 A CN 201310595035A CN 103642474 A CN103642474 A CN 103642474A
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 5'-adenylyl sulfate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention provides a low damage rubber plug thickening agent used for hydraulic fracturing, a rubber plug composition and application thereof. The thickening agent is synthesized from a surfactant, polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloyloxy trimethylammonium chloride, N-isopropylacrylamide, heptanedioyl and flake caustic soda in a ratio of 1:2:1:1:2:2:1. Specifically, the surfactant is a nonionic fluorinated surfactant. The invention also provides a low damage rubber plug composition that contains the thickening agent and is used for hydraulic fracturing, and also provides application of the rubber plug to the technologies of treating multi-cracks near wells, controlling crack slip and controlling crack height in fractured reservoir hydraulic fracturing transformation.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to low injury plug viscosifying agent and rubber plug combination thing and application thereof for a kind of waterfrac treatment, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of viscosifying agent that the low plug of reservoir damage is used, rubber plug combination thing and plug and in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment transformation, process the Technology more nearly well stitched, controlled crack slippage, controls fracture height.
Background technology
Waterfrac treatment is to improve one of the most effective means of low permeability reservoirs development benefit.Yet because most of low permeability reservoirs reservoirs are all grown natural fracture in various degree, this class fracture-type reservoir is due to the development degree of natural fracture, the difference of tectonic stress, and in waterfrac treatment, operation pressure has different performances.Although the growth of natural fracture is conducive to link up reservoir, increases seepage area, has also increased significantly of the fracturing fluid leak-off, has affected the growth of major fracture, has greatly increased difficulty of construction.In fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment transformation, conventionally need to process nearly well and stitch more, control crack slippage, control fracture height etc.
The many seams one of nearly well are the natural fractures that reservoir itself is grown, the 2nd, and the induction seam in drilling process.The nearly many seams of well can cause the high frictional resistance of nearly well, raise ground construction pressure, and major fracture cannot form, and causes and constructs unsuccessfully.For drilling well induction seam, because causing in-situ stress field size and Orientation, drilling well meeting changes, generally can cause the more serious stress concentration differing greatly with initial stress values.
Crack slippage is more common in the construction of complex stress reservoir fracturing.If perforation position is in heavily stressed position, during pressure break, crack is opened and is split in the area of high stress of perforation, and owing to being subject to the control of terrestrial stress, crack can be to the low-stress position slippage that there is no perforation.The harm that crack slippage brings can make the flow direction of pressure break change sharply occur and cause the high frictional resistance of nearly well on the one hand, and low sand is than stage sand plug, unfavorable to constructing; On the other hand, meeting produces invalid support because crack slides into outside reservoir and makes correctional effect variation.
Because the stress-difference of storage between interlayer and thickness exist differently, in therefore constructing, occur that the discharge capacity of slippage is not identical yet.Conventionally when small-sized test or initial stage press off stratum, construction pump pressure shows as under certain discharge capacity stable, if surpass this discharge capacity, operation pressure is a kind of steady downward trend, reflection crack in height increases extension, and stress distribution can be judged and now occurs crack slippage in combination.
Storage barrier stress state is controlled by Ground Stress field, artificially cannot change, if perforated interval is positioned at area of high stress, crack slippage is inevitably, can only in construction, take remedial measure to control the state of fracture propagation.
Fracturing fracture form affects waterfrac treatment correctional effect to a great extent, and fracture height is too high, causes the length in crack to reduce, and reservoir effectively supports volume to be reduced, correctional effect variation.Therefore, rationally control fracture height, making reservoir obtain best transformation is the key issue of waterfrac treatment.For the unscreened reservoir of stress, adopt to become discharge capacity construction technology, success ratio is greatly improved, but due to the extending without controlling of fracture height, is difficult to reach the fracture length of expection and desirable support section, affects fracturing effect.
For guaranteeing that major fracture forms, generally adopt flour sand/powder pottery slug to reduce fracturing fluid leak both at home and abroad, suppress natural fracture and extend, but flour sand/powder pottery slug itself may cause sand plug, and natural fracture is had to certain injury.
Crack slippage adopts control seam method high, that inject flour sand/powder pottery slug to process more.Control seam high technology is complicated, and cost is higher, and flour sand/powder pottery slug is for serious crack shuffle effect not obvious.
When storage barrier stress difference is low, adopt floating sinking agent to carry out manufacture of intraocular interlayer both at home and abroad more, improve the fracture toughness property on vertical, reach the object of controlling fracture height, but there is no clear and definite artificial interlayer Optimization Design, rely on on-site experience judgement more, control successful probability low.Also have by controlling operational discharge capacity and taking the method for secondary sand adding pressure break to control fracture height, but the applicable elements of these two kinds of technology is extremely limited, is in most cases difficult to reach process goal.
Therefore, in fracture-type reservoir hydraulic fracturing technology, a kind of to the low chemical assistant of reservoir damage and site operation control treatment technology in the urgent need to researching and developing.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is intended to solve above-mentioned three kinds of complicated reservoirs and overcomes existing Technology, provides a kind of low injury chemical assistant to process the method for three kinds of complicated reservoirs.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the invention provides low injury plug viscosifying agent for a kind of waterfrac treatment, this viscosifying agent be by tensio-active agent, polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali in mass ratio 0.8～1.2:1.8～2.2:0.8～1.2:0.8～1.2:1.8～2.2:1.8～2.2:1 mix and make.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, waterfrac treatment of the present invention is with in low injury plug viscosifying agent, and the preferred mass of tensio-active agent, polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali is than being 1:2:1:1:2:2:1.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, waterfrac treatment of the present invention is with in low injury plug viscosifying agent, and described tensio-active agent is preferably non-ion fluorin surfactant.
Except indicating especially, ratio described in the present invention and per-cent are mass ratio.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides the preparation method of described viscosifying agent, the method comprises: tensio-active agent, polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali are mixed in mass ratio, 180 ℃ of temperature, under pressure 10MPa, process 2 hours above (being mainly by agitation as appropriate, to mix physics to synthesize), products therefrom is viscosifying agent.
The all commercially available acquisitions of each raw material in viscosifying agent of the present invention, each material performance of different manufacturers different model may be different, as long as but each raw material meets corresponding industry standard requirement, all can be used for viscosifying agent of the present invention.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides low injury rubber plug combination thing for a kind of waterfrac treatment, and said composition comprises viscosifying agent of the present invention.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, viscosifying agent of the present invention is when preparation rubber plug combination thing, and its consumption in rubber plug combination thing is 0.3～0.65%.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, waterfrac treatment of the present invention also comprises plug linking agent with low injury rubber plug combination thing, and described plug linking agent is preferably organic borate cross-linker.Described organic borate cross-linker is linking agent conventional in this area, in the present invention, when preparation rubber plug combination thing, the consumption of linking agent is suitably improved on conventional basis, conventionally can bring up to 130% left and right of conventional amount used.
Particularly, in rubber plug combination thing of the present invention, the consumption of described plug linking agent in rubber plug combination thing is 0.65～0.78%.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, waterfrac treatment of the present invention also can further comprise plug gel breaker with low injury rubber plug combination thing, described plug gel breaker is ammonium persulphate, be preferably the parcel ammonium persulphate (microcapsule degelling agent that described parcel ammonium persulphate normally adopts paraffin or resin parcel ammonium persulphate to make, can adopt rolling comminution granulation after ammonium persulphate particle surrounding layer macromolecule resin or paraffin powder, to adopt again fluidized-bed that particle is sealed and made Microencapsulated Slow and put gel breaker etc., commercialization at present, for example the BL-PJ2 of the precious unicorn development in science and technology (Beijing) in east company limited wraps up ammonium persulphate).The consumption of plug gel breaker in low injury rubber plug combination thing of the present invention is generally 0.05～0.08%.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides the application in the fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique of described viscosifying agent or described rubber plug combination thing.Viscosifying agent of the present invention can be used for plug thickening.
In a specific embodiments of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of process the many seams of nearly well in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique method.Many seams one that plug is processed are the natural fractures that reservoir itself is grown, the 2nd, and the induction seam in drilling process, reduces the high frictional resistance of nearly well causing because of the many seams of nearly well.For drilling well induction seam, because causing in-situ stress field size and Orientation, drilling well meeting changes, generally can cause the more serious stress concentration differing greatly with initial stress values.As shown in Figure 1: in drilling process, in the horizontal direction, in X or Y-axis positive dirction, there is shearing action, rock tension, rock pressurized effect in normal direction so, can rapidly disappear along with the increase from pit shaft distance by the stress that the shearing action of inducing action forms, thus pressure when it only affects crack initiation, and for the not impact of extension of leaving crack after pit shaft.
Suppose that rock stratum maximum principal stress is in X-direction, least principal stress is in Y direction, the shear-stress T forming so by from Y-axis to X-axis, be one by the process that reduces gradually that is up to zero.The STRESS VARIATION of this process as shown in Figure 2 so.
The initial cracking pressure p=3 σ in crack
h-σ
h+ T; Wherein T is shear-stress.In X-direction, initial cracking pressure is minimum so, and Y direction initial cracking pressure is maximum, as bottomhole wellbore pressure p
wwhile being greater than minimum initial cracking pressure, in the i.e. vertical and the easiest crack initiation of least principal stress direction of X-direction.Therefore when bottomhole wellbore pressure one timing, generally only there is certain area in drilling well induction seam, as shown in Figure 3.
During pressure break, if there is drilling well induction seam, so general meeting produces many seams near pit shaft, and fracturing liquid enters behind crack: at crack starter location, be not positioned at in vertical and least principal stress direction.Crack will be extended along normal direction, leave after pit shaft one segment distance, and crack is just along extending perpendicular to minimum least principal stress direction.Fracturing fracture extends situation as shown in Figure 4.
Therefore, when pressing crack construction, for guaranteeing a main seam extend, avoid many seams to disturb, reduce nearly well frictional resistance, improve a seam extend pressure at the bottom of utilizing high viscosity plug Injection Well, impel the formation of main seam.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the method for processing the many seams of nearly well in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique of the present invention comprises step:
Step 1: base fluid is for full pit shaft;
Step 2: low discharge capacity is injected high viscosity plug;
Step 3: plug is advanced to apart from 10m place, perforation interval top and stops;
Step 4: the following fracturing liquid base fluid nature of plug leak-off enters stratum;
Step 5: plug arrives fracturing section and improves fast discharge capacity and press off stratum, plug breaks discharge capacity for injecting 4～5 times of discharge capacity.
In another specific embodiments of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of control crack slippage in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique method.
For at heavily stressed well section perforation, utilize crack phorogenesis that high viscosity plug is injected to low-stress position, improve the fracture toughness property at low-stress position, recycling fracturing liquid base fluid viscosity is little, the characteristic of good fluidity, the location of cracks fingering of opening, thereby at nearly well, form good fracture morphology, crack is normally extended forward.
Owing to respectively blocking the thickness at position and the size of stress value, exist differently, the discharge capacity while being therefore broken is not identical yet.In mini-frac process, geostatic pressure shows as in certain discharge capacity overdraft stable, if surpass this discharge capacity, operation pressure is a kind of steady downward trend.Reflection crack in height increases the process of extension.The method of Dynamic injection plug, is exactly in crack, to occur, under the discharge capacity of slippage or breakthrough, to inject plug, makes plug be filled in crack slippage or stress breakthrough position.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the method for controlling crack slippage in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique of the present invention comprises step:
Before clamp-oning plug, first with fracturing liquid base fluid, make seam, lower not termination of pumping of discharge capacity injection plug, plug is fills up to low-stress position;
Plug all enters behind stratum, continue again to inject base fluid, now due to low-stress position filling high viscosity plug, improved the fracture toughness property at low-stress position, follow-up base fluid is from borehole along fracture orientation fingering, along with the propelling of base fluid, plug is pushed to both sides, when plug forward position is broken, base fluid continues to make forward seam, enters normal pressing crack construction.
In another specific embodiments of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of control fracture height in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique method.Particularly, the method comprising the steps of:
First with a certain amount of fracturing liquid base fluid, press off stratum, lower not termination of pumping of discharge capacity injects plug, utilize the viscosity of plug large, the feature of poor fluidity, be filled in fracture height extending part, improve the fracture toughness property of extending part;
Recycling fracturing liquid base fluid viscosity is little, the characteristic of good fluidity, in the location of cracks fingering of having opened, at nearly well, forms good fracture morphology, and crack is normally extended forward.
On non-stress shielding stratum, fracture height is wayward, and crack slip mechanism is similar to controlling, and adopts dynamic plug to control seam high.
According to specific embodiment of the invention scheme, the method for controlling fracture height in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique of the present invention comprises step:
Model is set up: establishing Crack Control height is h, and the fracture width that pressure break produces is d.Before squeezing into plug, first squeeze into a certain amount of base fluid and make seam, according to the reasonable discharge capacity of selecting, squeezing into plug, plug is fills up to unstressed position, and now plug is approximate circle shape expansion (as shown in left side picture in Fig. 5), and calculating plug consumption is π d*H
2/ 4, plug all enters behind stratum, continue again to squeeze into base fluid, now, due to low-stress position filling high viscosity plug, improved the fracture toughness property at low-stress position, now base fluid is from borehole along fracture orientation fingering, along with the propelling of base fluid, plug is pushed to both sides, when plug forward position is broken (as shown in the right picture in Fig. 5), base fluid continues to make forward seam, enters normal pressing crack construction.
In aforesaid method of the present invention, can prepare in accordance with the following methods plug base fluid:
To the plug viscosifying agent that adds 0.3～0.65% in clear water, circulation stirring is to viscosity≤65mpa.s, then adds 0.15～0.3% plug promotor recirculation to stir 5 minutes, prepares plug base fluid.Wherein, described plug promotor typically refers to pH adjusting agent, the pH value of regulation system is to play promoter action (normally between regulation system pH value to 10～12 as required, the consumption of promotor be generally system gross weight 0.15～0.3%), concrete operations can be carried out according to the routine operation in affiliated field as required.
The step of not mentioning in detail in the present invention can be carried out according to the routine operation in affiliated field.
Technique effect of the present invention: the invention solves the technique deficiency of processing three kinds of complicated reservoirs in prior art, a kind of low injury waterfrac treatment plug viscosifying agent and rubber plug combination thing are provided, can effectively be applied to process nearly well in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment transformation stitches more, control crack slippage, control fracture height.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is near stress concentration schematic diagram bored shaft.
Fig. 2 is bored shaft rock shearing stress from Y-axis to X-axis change procedure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is drilling well induction seam domain of the existence schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that fracturing fracture forms form schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that dynamic plug is controlled fracture height plug migration schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that static plug is processed nearly well and stitched schematic flow sheet more.
Fig. 7 is that static plug is processed nearly well and stitched more and form major fracture schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is G functional arrangement before and after ZSH10 well pressure break.
Fig. 9 is that dynamic plug is processed crack slippage formation major fracture schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is that the dynamic plug of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is controlled in the practical application example 1 of crack slippage synthetically stress and explained diagrammatic cross-section.
Figure 11 is that the dynamic plug of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is controlled mini-frac construction curve and G functional arrangement in the practical application example 1 of crack slippage.
Figure 12 is that the dynamic plug of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is controlled main hydraulic fracture operating curve in the practical application example 1 of crack slippage.
Figure 13 is that the dynamic plug of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is controlled in the practical application example 2 of crack slippage synthetically stress and explained diagrammatic cross-section.
Figure 14 is that the dynamic plug of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is controlled mini-frac construction curve and G functional arrangement in the practical application example 2 of crack slippage.
Figure 15 is that the dynamic plug of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is controlled main hydraulic fracture operating curve in the practical application example 2 of crack slippage.
Figure 16 is synthetically stress explanation diagrammatic cross-section in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 17 A, Figure 17 B are that in the embodiment of the present invention 3, No. 220 laminations of XSH29 well split curve.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment and be described with reference to the accompanying drawings technical scheme of the present invention and the beneficial effect that produces, be intended to help reader to understand better essence of the present invention and feature below, not as restriction that can practical range to this case.
The scene preparation of embodiment 1, plug and static plug are processed nearly well and are stitched flow process more
1, the preparation of plug viscosifying agent
The viscosifying agent of the present embodiment by tensio-active agent, polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali in mass ratio 1:2:1:1:2:2:1 in reactor, mix, stir, control 180 ℃ of temperature of reaction kettle, pressure 10MPa, 2 hours treatment times, products therefrom is the viscosifying agent of the present embodiment, for plug thickening.
Plug base fluid formula:
Low residue plug viscosifying agent+plug promotor+clear water, plug linking agent is for being purchased organic borate cross-linker, plug gel breaker (the BL-PJ2 parcel ammonium persulphate of east precious unicorn development in science and technology (Beijing) company limited) is on-the-spot to add on truck-mounted blender, and gel breaker ratio is about 0.75% for the consumption of gel breaker in rubber plug combination thing in 130%(the present embodiment of normal broken glue ratio.
2, the scene of plug preparation
Prepare a flow container, and get clear water ready, prepare 700 type pump trucks.According to plug proportioning, in clear water, first add plug viscosifying agent 0.4%, be circulated to viscosity (≤65mpa.s) up to standard, after adding between plug promotor (being pH adjusting agent) regulation system pH value to 10～12, recirculation is 5 minutes, prepares plug base fluid.
Linking agent ratio is 130% of normal crosslinked ratio.Plug gel breaker scene adds on truck-mounted blender, and gel breaker ratio is 130% of normal broken glue ratio, adds in finishing displacement process adding sand.
Truck-mounted blender pumps into linking agent in crosslinked ratio with crosslinked pump when sucking plug base fluid, after crosslinked (crosslinked under surface condition), in truck-mounted blender stirring cage, stirs 3～5 minutes, pumps into afterwards ground high pressure pipe joint, by pressure break pump truck, clamp-ons stratum.
3, static plug is processed nearly well and is stitched more
Static plug is processed nearly well, and to stitch flow process shown in Figure 6 more, and its key step comprises:
Step 1: base fluid is for full pit shaft (set packer);
Step 2: low discharge capacity (0.6m
3/ min) inject high viscosity plug;
Step 3: plug is advanced to apart from 10m place, perforation interval top and stops;
Step 4: the following fracturing liquid base fluid nature of plug leak-off enters stratum (it should be noted that injection plug discharge capacity can not be too high, otherwise will strut natural fracture);
Step 5: plug arrives fracturing section and improves fast discharge capacity and press off stratum, plug breaks discharge capacity for injecting 4～5 times of discharge capacity.
Fig. 7 is that static plug is processed nearly well and stitched more and form major fracture schematic diagram.
Practical application example:
The vertical map cracking of ZSH10 well ryolite reservoir is extremely grown, and pressing crack construction, if do not controlled, will inevitably cause many cracks to open simultaneously, competitive between crack, very easily causes low sand than sand plug, must could form major fracture by special technology.
By laboratory experiment, evaluate, determine and adopt plug and powder pottery slug to process, in order to improve fluid, overcome the ability of crack shearing and distortion, determine the viscosity >=400mPa.s of plug, the little order that can stop up natural fracture and have certain supporting capacity is counted propping agent particle diameter between 0.1～0.224mm.
After mini-frac, control the test of major fracture expansion technique, be co-extruded into stratum plug 8m
3, powder pottery 8m
3.Before and after ZSH10 well pressure break, the filtration characteristics changing conditions of G function reflection refers to Fig. 8.
From twice mini-frac G Functional Analysis result: fall leak-off measure and make of the fracturing fluid sand-transport effeciency bring up to 56.5% by 35.7%, shaft bottom net pressure has increased 2.11MPa, shutoff most of microfracture, show that the technique of taking is successful.
Embodiment 2, dynamically plug control crack slippage
Dynamically plug is controlled crack slippage flow process:
Before clamp-oning plug, first with a certain amount of fracturing liquid base fluid, make seam, lower not termination of pumping of discharge capacity injection plug, plug is fills up to low-stress position.Plug all enters behind stratum, continuing to inject base fluid, now due to low-stress position filling high viscosity plug, improved the fracture toughness property at low-stress position, follow-up base fluid is from borehole along fracture orientation fingering, along with the propelling of base fluid, plug is pushed to both sides, when plug forward position is broken (Fig. 9), base fluid continues to make forward seam, enters normal pressing crack construction.
Practical application example 1:
Fractured well section 3095.0～3047.8m, thickness 47.2m, perforated interval 3074.0～3064.0m, lithology is ryolite, the local middle and high angle crack of growing in layer.Synthetically stress is explained as shown in figure 10.
This layer of bottom stress only has blocking of 4MP, and a little less than the stress shielding on top, crack is easy to break through the slippage that makes progress of weak stress shielding section, and mini-frac shows that slippage discharge capacity in crack is at 4.0～4.8m
3/ min, the weak water hammer of termination of pumping, reflection sealing builds the pressure, and there are many seams in the reflection of test G function.Mini-frac curve and G function are as shown in figure 11.
Test interpretation termination of pumping pressure gradient 0.0218MPa/m, nearly well frictional resistance 4.88MPa, net pressure 5.9MPa, 5 minutes pressure drop 3.18MPa, 1 hour pressure drop 6.51MPa.Can determine thus: high termination of pumping pressure gradient builds the pressure because sealing is narrow and causes forming, and is high termination of pumping illusion, and nearly well frictional resistance is by being caused by crack slippage.Early stage, leak-off was large, and the seepage that caused by crack slippage of part causes, the main problem of main pressure break is for controlling crack slippage.
Main pressure break 9.0m
3dynamically plug is processed slippage, and plug is squeezed into behind stratum, 4.1m
3/ min discharge capacity overdraft 56.8MPa, compared with mini-frac 4.0m
3/ min discharge capacity overdraft the 5MPa that declined, illustrates that plug controls successful, and the frictional resistance being caused by slippage is basically eliminate.When main pressure break adds sand, pressure, always steadily in 52.5MPa left and right, illustrates that fracture morphology keeps better, being finally successfully completed 90.0m always
3the scope of construction item of haydite.Main hydraulic fracture operating curve is as Figure 12.
Practical application example 2:
Well section 3870.4～3845.0m, thickness 25.4m, lithology is flow liner matter dust tuff, perforated interval, 3870.0～3862.0m, the local middle and high angle crack of growing in layer.Synthetically stress is explained as shown in figure 13.
This layer of bottom blocks that condition is good, and top stress reduces gradually, has the high value of the little stress in place on perforation interval top, does not have the property of blocking, the crack slippage that can make progress, but degree is not too large.
Mini-frac reaches 4.8m in discharge capacity
3during/min, occur slip characteristics, termination of pumping presents weak water attack, and G function reflection microfracture is grown.Mini-frac curve and G function are as shown in figure 14.
Explain termination of pumping pressure gradient 0.0182MPa/m, higher; 5 minutes pressure drop 6.07MPa, 1 hour pressure drop 16.8MPa, high leak-off; High net pressure 14.6MPa, nearly well frictional resistance 3.5MPa.
Mini-frac is analyzed: sealing is narrow, build the pressure and cause the false picture of termination of pumping pressure gradient, causes weak water attack, and frictional resistance is mainly caused by crack slippage, the false picture of net pressure, and also there is certain false picture in leak-off early stage, but this layer of matrix leak-off is very large on the whole.
Main hydraulic fracture operating curve is shown in Figure 15.Main pressure break is injected plug 3.0m
3because stratum leak-off is higher, fracture tip just starts sand fallout in early days, fracture tip is forced upwardly and extends aggravation, along with spearhead leak-off gradually, upwardly extending crack is also difficult gradually, but can also continue to add sand, cause pressure to occur beating in mid-term, and now sealing pressure rise gradually, when rising to 66.7MPa, this pressure has reached note spearhead initiation pressure, adds higher density fluid column pressure, and now bottomhole wellbore pressure has exceeded and starts to note spearhead pressure, analyze now top plug and start, just cause abrupt pressure reduction.Once plug starts, crack starts upwards slippage, and the later stage adds sand pressure drop has also proved this point.
Dynamically plug is controlled fracture height flow process:
First with fracturing liquid base fluid, press off stratum, plug is injected in low not termination of pumping of discharge capacity again, utilize the viscosity of plug large, the feature of poor fluidity, be filled in fracture height extending part, improve the fracture toughness property of extending part, recycling fracturing liquid base fluid viscosity is little, the characteristic of good fluidity, the location of cracks fingering of opening, at nearly well, form good fracture morphology, make crack normally extend forward (Fig. 9).
Practical application example:
XSH29 well 220III layer, fracture height is wayward, fractured well section 3550.6～3566.6m, thickness 16.0m, perforated interval 3557.0～3562.0m, zone of interest terrestrial stress is 47MPa, top stress-difference is in 2MPa left and right, from stress, crack produces slippage can be very not large, but see that from mini-frac fracture height extent is large.Synthetically stress explains that sectional view is referring to Figure 16.Figure 17 A, Figure 17 B are that in the embodiment of the present invention 3, No. 220 laminations of XSH29 well split curve.
Mini-frac is explained nearly well frictional resistance 12.7MPa, and gradient of stopping pump 0.0217MPa/m, belongs to high termination of pumping, and without leak-off, ladder discharge capacity reaches 2.0m
3during/min, pressure obviously lands, and discharge capacity pressure afterwards all lands, and illustrates that extension speed is too fast, and has broken through near little stress cusp perforation interval, explains net pressure 1.0MPa, after illustrating that fracture height is extended, causes net pressure on the low side.
For processing the too fast extension of fracture height, with 1.2m
3/ min discharge capacity is clamp-oned plug 7m
3, plug is processed the frictional resistance that has reduced 10.0MPa, and shaft bottom net pressure increases, and fracture width increases, with 4.0m
3/ min clamp-ons spearhead, adds flour sand 2m
3, flour sand is processed the fruit that takes effect, and sand is than 7-14-18%, and 18% sand is than later stage pressure rise, and at the high point of stress there is only sand of liquid in place, reduces discharge capacity to 3.6m
3/ min, carries high sand ratio and rises to some extent to 20% pressure, reduces sand and compares 18%, and discharge capacity is reduced to 3.4m
3pressure is steadily until construction end.Add altogether haydite 60m
3.
Claims (10)
1. a low injury plug viscosifying agent for waterfrac treatment, this viscosifying agent is by tensio-active agent, polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali 0.8～1.2:1.8～2.2:0.8～1.2:0.8～1.2:1.8～2.2:1.8～2.2:1 in mass ratio, and preferred mass is mixed and makes than 1:2:1:1:2:2:1; Wherein, described tensio-active agent is preferably non-ion fluorin surfactant.
2. the preparation method of viscosifying agent claimed in claim 1, the method comprises: tensio-active agent, polyacrylamide, AMPS, methacryloxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, NIPA, pimeloyl, sheet alkali are mixed in mass ratio, 180 ℃ of temperature, under pressure 10MPa, physics is synthetic more than 2 hours, and products therefrom is viscosifying agent.
3. a low injury rubber plug combination thing for waterfrac treatment, said composition comprises viscosifying agent claimed in claim 1.
4. composition according to claim 3, said composition also comprises plug linking agent, described plug linking agent is organic borate cross-linker.
According to described in claim 3 or 4 composition, said composition also comprises plug gel breaker, described plug gel breaker is ammonium persulphate, is preferably BL-PJ2 parcel ammonium persulphate.
6. the application of the composition described in viscosifying agent claimed in claim 1 or claim 3～5 any one in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique.
7. a method of processing the many seams of nearly well in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique, the method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: base fluid is for full pit shaft;
Step 2: low discharge capacity is injected high viscosity plug;
Step 3: plug is advanced to apart from 10m place, perforation interval top and stops;
Step 4: the following fracturing liquid base fluid nature of plug leak-off enters stratum;
Step 5: plug arrives fracturing section and improves fast discharge capacity and press off stratum, plug breaks discharge capacity for injecting 4～5 times of discharge capacity.
8. in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique, control a method for crack slippage, the method comprising the steps of:
Before clamp-oning plug, first with fracturing liquid base fluid, make seam, or else plug is injected in termination of pumping, and plug is fills up to low-stress position;
Plug all enters behind stratum, continue again to inject base fluid, now due to low-stress position filling high viscosity plug, improved the fracture toughness property at low-stress position, follow-up base fluid is from borehole along fracture orientation fingering, along with the propelling of base fluid, plug is pushed to both sides, when plug forward position is broken, base fluid continues to make forward seam, enters normal pressing crack construction.
9. in fracture-type reservoir waterfrac treatment technique, control a method for fracture height, the method comprising the steps of:
First with fracturing liquid base fluid, press off stratum, or else plug is injected in termination of pumping, utilizes the viscosity of plug large, the feature of poor fluidity, is filled in fracture height extending part, improves the fracture toughness property of extending part;
Recycling fracturing liquid base fluid viscosity is little, the characteristic of good fluidity, in the location of cracks fingering of having opened, at nearly well, forms good fracture morphology, and crack is normally extended forward.
10. according to the method described in claim 7 or 8 or 9, wherein, be to prepare in accordance with the following methods plug base fluid:
To the plug viscosifying agent that adds 0.3～0.65% in clear water, circulation stirring is to viscosity≤65mpa.s, then adds 0.15～0.3% plug promotor recirculation to stir 5 minutes, prepares plug base fluid.
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| CN103109039A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2013-05-15 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Hydraulic fracturing method |
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| 宋艳等: "垂直裂缝储层防止裂缝滑移控制技术的实践与认识", 《油气井测试》 * |
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