CN103361042A - Xanthan gum non-crosslinking fracturing fluid as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Xanthan gum non-crosslinking fracturing fluid as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a xanthan gum non-crosslinking fracturing fluid as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The xanthan gum non-crosslinking fracturing fluid comprises a xanthan gum thickening agent and an auxiliary additive and does not comprise a crosslinking agent. The xanthan gum non-crosslinking fracturing fluid has the advantages of high elasticity and high sand carrying capability, can be used as a front hydraulic fracturing fluid, a sand carrying liquid and a displacement liquid in an acidizing fracturing process, and can be used as slick water of great amount in acidizing fracturing construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil-gas field reservoir reconstruction fracturing liquid, be specifically related to a kind of xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid, Preparation Method And The Use.
Background technology
Fracturing liquid plays an important role in the oil-gas field development reservoir reconstruction, its Main Function principle is: the pump that adopts high-pressure large-displacement, utilize the principle of liquid pressure transmission, the fracturing liquid high pressure is injected oil reservoir, and the pit shaft internal pressure is raise gradually, thereby suppressed high pressure in the shaft bottom, when this pressure during greater than the tensile strength of the terrestrial stress of Around A Borehole and formation rock, just the stratum produces the crack near the shaft bottom: continue to inject fracturing liquid, the crack is extended forward and is filled out with propping agent, thereby near the shaft bottom, form the sand packed fracture with certain geometrical dimension and high flow conductivity in the stratum, reach the purpose of oil production increasing yield and injection.
At present, the fracturing liquid that fracturing technology is commonly used is the crosslinked fracturing liquid of water base guanidine glue, and the main viscosifying agent of fracturing liquid is modification guanidine glue, and modification guanidine glue is to adopt natural phant guanidine glue to carry out chemical modification to form.But because China is not produced plant guanidine glue, producer's raw material of production modification guanidine glue depends on import, thereby causes water base guanidine gum fracturing fluid cost high.And, the crosslinked fracturing liquid of water base guanidine glue has under 60 ℃ or above formation temperature, propping agent in the fracturing liquid is heated and can not recovers to suspend so that the not high problem of prop-carrying capacity, concurrent fracturing liquid can be deposited after crosslinked under the difficult and high temperature of broken at low temperatures glue crosslinked unstable, the filter cake fracture flow conductivity that crosslinked rear fracturing liquid forms damages and causes permeability plugging and cull the stratum to be caused the problem of further injury, thereby has limited the application of water base guanidine gum fracturing fluid.
Summary of the invention
Defects for the existing technical existence of the crosslinked fracturing liquid of water base guanidine glue the invention provides a kind of xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid, and this fracturing liquid is not crosslinked, has prop-carrying capacity strong, little to formation damage, good at stratum internal mobility energy, the characteristics that frictional resistance is low; Can be used as heavy dose of " slippery water " use in " spearhead ", " sand-carrying agent " and " displacing liquid " use and the acidizing fracturing process in the acidizing fracturing process.
The present invention's the first purpose comprises xanthan gum host and supplementary additive for a kind of xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid is provided.Wherein, xanthan gum is biological poly-polysaccharide, with xanthomonas, carbohydrate such as the bacterial classifications such as Xanthomonao Campestris, Xanthomonas Incanae and 1%-5%, such as substrates such as starch, glucose, maltose, fructose, lactose, W-Gum, yam starchs, and the phosphorus source, such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, nitrogenous source, such as ammonium nitrate; And the magnesium source, such as inorganic salt such as sal epsom, at 25-35 ℃, PH=7 condition bottom fermentation 1-4 days generates water-soluble slight anionic polysaccharid derivative.
Preferably, described supplementary additive comprises clay stabilizer, emulsion splitter, cleanup additive, gel breaker and water.
Preferably, described xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid is made solvent with water, comprises following composition:
Preferably, described xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid also comprises sterilant and/or the broken glue Timing agent of low temperature; Wherein, described sterilant is the 0.05-0.1% mass concentration; The broken glue Timing agent of described low temperature is the 0.01-0.1% mass concentration.
Preferably, described sterilant is Paraformaldehyde 96; Described clay stabilizer is Repone K; Described emulsion splitter is OP-10, and described cleanup additive is the fluorine surfactant compound, and described gel breaker is ammonium persulphate and/or Potassium Persulphate; The broken glue Timing agent of described low temperature is ferrous chloride.
Preferably, described Paraformaldehyde 96 comprises formaldehyde and/or glutaraldehyde.
Use following prescription when preferably, the hydrocarbon zone temperature is lower than 60 ℃:
Use following prescription during hydrocarbon zone temperature 60 C-120 ℃:
When surpassing 120 ℃, the hydrocarbon zone temperature uses following prescription:
Heavy dose of slippery water that uses uses following prescription in the fracturing technology:
The present invention's the second purpose may further comprise the steps for providing a kind of xanthan gum non-crosslinked of the fracturing fluid preparation method:
(1) adds xanthan gum, gel breaker and the clay stabilizer of formula ratio in the dry powder blend equipment, after mixing, obtain uniform pulvis, then be mixed with a certain amount of aqueous solution, obtain the first solution;
(2) described sterilant being formulated as mass concentration is 0.05-0.3% solution, under stirring, microbicide solution stream is added in the first solution of step (1) gained, obtains the second solution;
(3) described emulsion splitter is formulated as the solution that mass concentration is 0.2-1%, under stirring, the emulsion splitter solution stream is added in described second solution of step (2) gained, obtain the 3rd solution;
(4) described cleanup additive is formulated as the solution that mass concentration is 0.2-1%, under stirring, the cleanup additive solution stream is added in described the 3rd solution of step (3) gained, obtain the 4th solution;
(5) the broken glue Timing agent of described low temperature is formulated as the broken glue Timing agent solution of low temperature that mass concentration is 0.01-0.1%, under stirring, the broken glue Timing agent solution stream of described low temperature is added in described the 4th solution; Obtain the 5th solution;
(6) stir down, add the water of surplus in described the 5th solution, obtain the finished product.
Preferably, in the step (1), the power of motor of described dry powder blend equipment is 15-25 kilowatt, and mixing time is 2 hours-10 hours; In the step (2), stirring velocity is 800-1000 rev/min, and churning time is 2-4 hour, and flow acceleration is the 5-8 milliliters/second; In the step (3), stirring velocity is 900-1100 rev/min, and churning time is 3-5 hour, and velocity of flow is the 10-15 milliliters/second; In the step (4), stirring velocity is 900-1100 rev/min, and churning time is 3-5 hour, and flow acceleration is the 10-15 milliliters/second; In the step (5), stirring velocity is 1100-1300 rev/min, and churning time is 1-2 hour, and flow acceleration is the 15-20 milliliters/second;
Preferably, in the step (1), the power of motor of described dry powder blend equipment is 20 kilowatts, and mixing time is 6 hours; In the step (2), stirring velocity is 900 rev/mins, and churning time is 3 hours, and flow acceleration is 6.5 milliliters/second; In the step (3), stirring velocity is 1000 rev/mins, and churning time is 4 hours, and flow acceleration is 13 milliliters/second; In the step (4), stirring velocity is 1000 rev/mins, and churning time is 4 hours, and flow acceleration is 13 milliliters/second; In the step (5), stirring velocity is 1200 rev/mins, and churning time is 1.5 hours, and flow acceleration is 18 milliliters/second.
The inventor is devoted to of the fracturing fluid research for many years, carried out a large amount of research experiments, when this xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid adopts xanthan gum as main component, has very high storage modulus and viscosity, thereby having a very strong prop-carrying capacity, the contrast experiment of itself and guanidine gum fracturing fluid is seen comparative example of the present invention for details.
It is emphasized that, the contriver finds in the of the fracturing fluid process in research, and when adopting xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid, viscosity controller is between 50-100mpa.s the time, this viscosity can satisfy the condition that fracturing liquid is taken sand, can well control rising of fracture height simultaneously.Because fracturing liquid is taken sand except leaning on high viscosity, its elastic size is taken the main energy of sand especially, the storage modulus of xanthan gum itself (flexible standard) is more than 3 times of aqueous fracturing fluid industry standard, has very high elasticity, so do not need to reach the purpose of taking sand by the too high viscosity of crosslinked foundation, therefore, xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid has possessed the requirement of fracturing technology fully.And, not crosslinkedly just better evaded the problem that crosslinked fluid produces in the pressure break field, such as crosslinked fluid deposit at high temperature that the broken glue of crosslinked unstable, low temperature is difficult, crosslinked rear residue more to large, the crosslinked rear formation filter cake of formation damage to problems such as the formation fracture rate of permeation damage, do not have a larger advantage so the xanthan gum fracturing liquid is crosslinked.The at present development of volume fracturing technique requires that the liquid frictional resistance is low, injury is little, dosing is simple, the not crosslinked requirement that more meets volume fracturing technique than crosslinked fluid of xanthan gum fracturing liquid.
The present invention's the 3rd purpose is to provide a kind of xanthan gum non-crosslinked of the fracturing fluid purposes, adopts above-mentioned xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid to use as " spearhead " in the acidizing fracturing process, " sand-carrying agent " or " displacing liquid "; Perhaps, described xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid uses as " slippery water " heavy dose of in the acid fracturing construction.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Prescription:
Wherein, sterilant is Paraformaldehyde 96; Clay stabilizer is Repone K; Emulsion splitter is OP-10; Cleanup additive is the fluorine surfactant compound; Gel breaker is ammonium persulphate; The broken glue Timing agent of low temperature is ferrous chloride.Wherein, OP-10 is that a kind of mixture is the mixture of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene.
The preparation method:
(1) adds xanthan gum, gel breaker and the clay stabilizer pressed powder of formula ratio in 20 kilowatts of dry powder blend equipment, after mixing 8 hours, obtain uniform pulvis;
(2) above-mentioned pulvis is mixed with the aqueous solution by design capacity, obtains the first solution;
(3) described sterilant being formulated as mass concentration is 0.05% microbicide solution, and 900 rev/mins were stirred 3 hours, and described microbicide solution is added in the solution of step (2) gained with 13 milliliters/second speed streams, obtained the second solution;
(4) described emulsion splitter being formulated as mass concentration is 0.3% solution, stirs down, and the emulsion splitter solution stream is added in described the second solution, obtains the 3rd solution;
(5) described cleanup additive being mixed with massfraction is 0.3% solution, stirs down, and the cleanup additive solution stream is added in the 3rd solution, obtains the 4th solution;
(6) the broken glue Timing agent of described low temperature being formulated as massfraction is 0.03% the broken glue Timing agent solution of low temperature, 1200 rev/mins were stirred 1.5 hours, and the broken glue Timing agent solution of described low temperature is added in the 4th solution with 18 milliliters/second flow velocity streams; Obtain the 5th solution;
(7) stir down, add the water of surplus in described the 5th solution, obtain the finished product.
Use prescription when this prescription is lower than 60 ℃ as the hydrocarbon zone temperature.
Embodiment 2
Prescription:
Wherein, sterilant is Paraformaldehyde 96; Clay stabilizer is Repone K; Emulsion splitter is OP-10, and cleanup additive is the fluorine surfactant compound, and gel breaker is ammonium persulphate;
The preparation method:
(1) adds xanthan gum, gel breaker and the clay stabilizer pressed powder of formula ratio in 20 kilowatts of dry powder blend equipment, after mixing 8 hours, obtain uniform pulvis;
(2) above-mentioned pulvis is mixed with the aqueous solution by design capacity, obtains the first solution;
(3) described sterilant being formulated as mass concentration is 0.1% microbicide solution, and 900 rev/mins were stirred 3 hours, and described microbicide solution is added in the solution of step (2) gained with 13 milliliters/second speed streams, obtained the second solution;
(4) described emulsion splitter being formulated as mass concentration is 0.5% solution, stirs down, and the emulsion splitter solution stream is added in described the second solution, obtains the 3rd solution;
(5) described cleanup additive being mixed with mass concentration is 0.5% solution, stirs down, and the cleanup additive solution stream is added in the 3rd solution, obtains the 4th solution;
(6) stir down, add the water of surplus in described the 4th solution, obtain the finished product.
The use prescription of this prescription during as hydrocarbon zone temperature 60 C-120 ℃.
Embodiment 3
Prescription:
Wherein, sterilant is Paraformaldehyde 96; Clay stabilizer is Repone K; Emulsion splitter is OP-10, and cleanup additive is the fluorine surfactant compound, and gel breaker is ammonium persulphate;
The preparation method:
(1) adds xanthan gum and the gel breaker of formula ratio in 20 kilowatts of dry powder blend equipment, after mixing 8 hours, obtain uniform pulvis;
(2) above-mentioned pulvis is mixed with the aqueous solution by design capacity, obtains the first solution;
(3) described sterilant being formulated as mass concentration is 0.05% microbicide solution, and 900 rev/mins were stirred 3 hours, and described microbicide solution is added in the solution of step (2) gained with 13 milliliters/second speed streams, obtained the second solution;
(4) described emulsion splitter being formulated as mass concentration is 0.5% solution, stirs down, and the emulsion splitter solution stream is added in described the second solution, obtains the 3rd solution;
(5) described cleanup additive being mixed with mass concentration is 0.5% solution, stirs down, and the cleanup additive solution stream is added in the 3rd solution, obtains the 4th solution;
(6) stir down, add the water of surplus in described the 4th solution, obtain the finished product.
Use prescription when this prescription surpasses 120 ℃ as the hydrocarbon zone temperature.
Embodiment 4
Prescription:
Wherein, sterilant is Paraformaldehyde 96; Clay stabilizer is Repone K; Emulsion splitter is OP-10, and cleanup additive is fluorine surfactant, and gel breaker is ammonium persulphate.
The preparation method:
(1) adds xanthan gum, clay stabilizer and the gel breaker pressed powder of formula ratio in 20 kilowatts of dry powder blend equipment, after mixing 8 hours, obtain uniform pulvis;
(2) above-mentioned pulvis is mixed with the aqueous solution by design capacity, obtains the first solution;
(3) described sterilant being formulated as mass concentration is 0.1% microbicide solution, and 900 rev/mins were stirred 3 hours, and described microbicide solution is added in the solution of step (2) gained with 13 milliliters/second speed streams, obtained the second solution;
(4) described emulsion splitter being formulated as mass concentration is 0.3% solution, stirs down, and the emulsion splitter solution stream is added in described the second solution, obtains the 3rd solution;
(5) described cleanup additive being mixed with mass concentration is 0.3% solution, stirs down, and the cleanup additive solution stream is added in the 3rd solution, obtains the 4th solution;
(6) stir down, add the water of surplus in described the 4th solution, obtain the finished product.
This prescription uses as heavy dose of slippery water that uses in the fracturing technology.
Test example 1
The apparent viscosity of xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid under differing temps that this test example prepares for detection of embodiment of the invention 1-4, measuring the employed equipment of apparent viscosity is FANN-35 type viscometer, experimental result sees Table 1.
Table 1
Test example 2
For the embodiment of the invention 1, measure the xanthan gum of the fracturing fluid instant time of non-crosslinked and reach the needed time of sand viscosity of taking, the result shows, xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid is under whipped state, only need 5 minutes time just can reach instant effect, meet the viscosity of taking sand.
Comparative example 1
Experiment reagent: the guanidine gum fracturing fluid that the xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid for preparing take the embodiment of the invention 2 is produced as sample 1, take Chinese Kunshan Materials Company is as sample 2.Wherein, sample 1 is the xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid of 0.45% (xanthan gum mass concentration), and sample 2 is the guanidine gum fracturing fluid of 0.45% (guanidine colloid amount concentration).
Laboratory apparatus: rheometer.
Experimental technique: 25 ± 2 ℃, 170s
-1Under carry out viscosity test, experimental result sees Table 2.
Table 2
| Project | Experiment condition | Sample 1 | Sample 2 |
| Fracturing liquid viscosity, mpa.s | 25±2℃、170s -1 | 99 | 98 |
| The fracturing liquid storage modulus | 25±2℃ | 24.61 | 17.63 |
As can be seen from Table 2, xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid viscosity provided by the invention is with close with the guanidine gum fracturing fluid viscosity of concentration, but the xanthan gum fracturing liquid storage modulus with concentration is high more a lot of than guanidine glue, illustrates that the of the fracturing fluid elasticity of xanthan gum is better than guanidine glue, and taking grittiness can be strong.Xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid provided by the invention can be directly used in spearhead, the sand-carrying agent in the fracturing technology, and displacing liquid and heavy dose of slippery water of using use.
Other embodiments of the invention have also been carried out identical experiment, and experimental result is similar.
Comparative example 2
The xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid for preparing take the embodiment of the invention 2 is as sample 1, and the not crosslinked fracturing liquid of guanidine glue of producing take Chinese Kunshan Materials Company is as sample 2, and the crosslinked fracturing liquid of guanidine glue of producing take Chinese Kunshan Materials Company is as sample 3; Wherein, sample 1 is the xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid of 0.45% (xanthan gum mass concentration), sample 2 is the not crosslinked guanidine gum fracturing fluid of 0.45% (guanidine colloid amount concentration), sample 3 is 0.45% the crosslinked fracturing liquid of guanidine glue, measure the prop-carrying capacity of these three kinds of samples by the subsidence rate of haydite in various fracturing liquids of measuring the 0.45-0.9 millimeter, test-results sees Table 3.
Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the of the fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity of xanthan gum non-crosslinked that the present invention prepares is better than the crosslinked fracturing liquid of guanidine glue of commercially available routine, and guanidine gum fracturing fluid is not crosslinked not to possess outstanding sand ability.
Other embodiments of the invention have also been carried out identical experiment, and experimental result is similar.
Claims (11)
1. an xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid is characterized in that, comprises xanthan gum host and supplementary additive.
2. xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described supplementary additive comprises clay stabilizer, emulsion splitter, cleanup additive, gel breaker and water.
3. xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid is made solvent with water, comprises following composition:
Xanthan gum 0.2-0.7% mass concentration
Clay stabilizer 0.5-1% mass concentration
Emulsion splitter 0.2-0.6% mass concentration
Cleanup additive 0.2-0.6% mass concentration
Gel breaker 0.01-0.5% mass concentration
Water 100 mass parts.
4. xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid also comprises sterilant and/or the broken glue Timing agent of low temperature; Wherein, described sterilant is the 0.05-0.1% mass concentration; The broken glue Timing agent of described low temperature is the 0.01-0.1% mass concentration.
5. xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described sterilant is Paraformaldehyde 96; Described clay stabilizer is Repone K; Described emulsion splitter is OP-10, and described cleanup additive is the fluorine surfactant compound, and described gel breaker is persulfuric acid hinge and/or Potassium Persulphate; The broken glue Timing agent of described low temperature is ferrous chloride.
6. xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described Paraformaldehyde 96 comprises formaldehyde and/or glutaraldehyde.
7. xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid according to claim 6 is characterized in that, uses following prescription when the hydrocarbon zone temperature is lower than 60 ℃:
Xanthan gum 0.4% mass concentration
Sterilant 0.05% mass concentration
Clay stabilizer 1% mass concentration
Emulsion splitter 0.3% mass concentration
Cleanup additive 0.3% mass concentration
Gel breaker 0.5% mass concentration
Low temperature breaks glue Timing agent 0.03% mass concentration
Water 100 mass parts;
Use following prescription in the time of hydrocarbon zone temperature 60 C-l2O ℃:
Xanthan gum 0.45% mass concentration
Sterilant 0.1% mass concentration
Clay stabilizer 1% mass concentration
Emulsion splitter 0.5% mass concentration
Cleanup additive 0.5% mass concentration
Gel breaker 0.1% mass concentration
Water 100 mass parts;
When surpassing 12O ℃, the hydrocarbon zone temperature uses following prescription:
Xanthan gum 0.6% mass concentration
Sterilant 0.05% mass concentration
Clay stabilizer 1% mass concentration
Emulsion splitter 0.5% mass concentration
Cleanup additive 0.5% mass concentration
Gel breaker 0.05% mass concentration
Water 100 mass parts;
Heavy dose of slippery water that uses uses following prescription in the fracturing technology:
Xanthan gum 0.3% mass concentration
Sterilant 0.1% mass concentration
Clay stabilizer 0.5% mass concentration
Emulsion splitter 0.3% mass concentration
Cleanup additive 0.3% mass concentration
Gel breaker 0.1% mass concentration
Water 100 mass parts.
8. the of the fracturing fluid preparation method of each described xanthan gum non-crosslinked of claim 1-7 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) adds xanthan gum, gel breaker and the clay stabilizer of formula ratio in the dry powder blend equipment, after mixing, obtain uniform pulvis, then be mixed with a certain amount of aqueous solution, obtain the first solution;
(2) described sterilant being formulated as mass concentration is 0.05-0.3% solution, under stirring, microbicide solution stream is added in the first solution of step (1) gained, obtains the second solution;
(3) described emulsion splitter is formulated as the solution that mass concentration is 0.2-1%, under stirring, the emulsion splitter solution stream is added in described second solution of step (2) gained, obtain the 3rd solution;
(4) described cleanup additive is formulated as the solution that mass concentration is 0.2-1%, under stirring, the cleanup additive solution stream is added in described the 3rd solution of step (3) gained, obtain the 4th solution;
(5) the broken glue Timing agent of described low temperature is formulated as the broken glue Timing agent solution of low temperature that mass concentration is 0.01-0.1%, under stirring, the broken glue Timing agent solution stream of described low temperature is added in described the 4th solution; Obtain the 5th solution;
(6) stir down, add the water of surplus in described the 5th solution, obtain the finished product.
9. the of the fracturing fluid preparation method of xanthan gum non-crosslinked according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in the step (1), the power of motor of described dry powder blend equipment is 15-25 kilowatt, and mixing time is 2 hours-10 hours; In the step (2), stirring velocity is 800-1000 rev/min, and churning time is 2-4 hour, and flow acceleration is the 5-8 milliliters/second; In the step (3), stirring velocity is 900-1100 rev/min, and churning time is 3-5 hour, and velocity of flow is the 10-15 milliliters/second; In the step (4), stirring velocity is 900-1100 rev/min, and churning time is 3-5 hour, and flow acceleration is the 10-15 milliliters/second; In the step (5), stirring velocity is 1100-1300 rev/min, and churning time is 1-2 hour, and flow acceleration is the 15-20 milliliters/second.
10. the of the fracturing fluid preparation method of xanthan gum non-crosslinked according to claim 9 is characterized in that, in the step (1), the power of motor of described dry powder blend equipment is 20 kilowatts, and mixing time is 6 hours; In the step (2), stirring velocity is 900 rev/mins, and churning time is 3 hours, and flow acceleration is 6,5 milliliters/second; In the step (3), stirring velocity is 1000 rev/mins, and churning time is 4 hours, and flow acceleration is 13 milliliters/second; In the step (4), stirring velocity is 1000 rev/mins, and churning time is 4 hours, and flow acceleration is 13 milliliters/second; In the step (5), stirring velocity is 1200 rev/mins, and churning time is 1,5 hour, and flow acceleration is 18 milliliters/second.
11. the of the fracturing fluid purposes of xanthan gum non-crosslinked is characterized in that, each described xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid of claim 1-7 uses as " spearhead " in the acidizing fracturing process, " sand-carrying agent " or " displacing liquid "; Perhaps, described xanthan gum non-crosslinked fracturing liquid uses as " slippery water " heavy dose of in the acid fracturing construction.
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| CN103361042B (en) | 2016-02-24 |
| CN102796507A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
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