CN103743603B - Gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of freshwater pool and gas collecting method thereof - Google Patents
Gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of freshwater pool and gas collecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of a freshwater pool and a gas collecting method thereof. The gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of the freshwater pool comprises a fixed bracket and a gas collecting tank, wherein the gas collecting tank is movably installed on the fixed bracket, and a gas collecting opening is formed in the bottom of the gas collecting tank. The gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of the freshwater pool provided by the invention effectively solves the problem that greenhouse gases of the pool are hard to collect, and is light in weight, good in sealing property, simple and stable in structure, convenient to carry, convenient and safe to operate, high in anti-interference performance, and very high in precision and repeatability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem and the method gathering gas thereof.
Background technology
The Global Environmental Problems become increasingly conspicuous and Climatic issues, caused the extensive concern of national governments and international academic community, brother
Holding of Ben Hagen World Climate Conference, has beaten about the climate change alarm bell to anthropogenic influence again, has developed low-carbon (LC) warp
Ji has become as the strategic choice Chinese Government of the most serious climate change of national governments' reply and announces me to the world
State's reduction of greenhouse gas discharge target: to the year two thousand twenty Chinese entity GDP CO2 emissions than 2005 decline 40%~
45%, and emission reduction targets is included in as the binding indicator the medium-term and long-term plans of national economy and social development.In 2010
In the fishery working conference of the whole nation, Fishery Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture chief Li Jianhua proposes in talk, " will establish green economy, low-carbon (LC)
Economy and the theory of recycling economy, make Fisheries Development reduce resource and the consumption of the energy ".Current fishery energy-saving and emission-reduction work
It is important that reduce carbon emission and increase carbon remittance.
Pond small size pond is a small-sized ecosystem, the big water body manageability such as relatively lake, river course, reservoir, although single pond
Pool area is little, but due to the generally existence of total area Yamato work aquaculture management, its by mankind's activity interference the most more
Strongly, greenhouse gas emission is more very important.According to dam committee of the world (World Commission on Dams, WCD)
Also indicating that in work report, the greenhouse gases of reservoir discharge heat potentiality and account for Global Emissions of Greenhouse Gas and heat the whole world
The 1%-28% of potentiality, reservoir is atmospheric carbon dioxide and the source of methane isothermal chamber gas, its discharge intensity and the geography of reservoir
Position, weather conditions, the soil that floods are relevant with factors such as vegetation patterns.The water body greenhouse gases type master such as lake, reservoir
Carbon dioxide to be included and methane, be in water body the organic matter (OM) of self or Lu Yuan in water under the decomposition of microorganism
Generate, produced carbon dioxide and methane in water body through spreading, migrating, after the process such as consumption, eventually through water
Vapor interface is arranged to air.Only report about artificial swamp Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions is also confined to reservoir and lake,
All use buoyancy tank, directly casing is inverted and floats on water surface, but due to the fluctuation of the water surface, box house (top) gas
Volume is continually changing, and is affected relatively big by natural cause, and certainty of measurement and repeatability are weak, and main weak point is as follows:
1. casing internal diameter is relatively big, and gas is difficult to be mixed thoroughly in buoyancy tank and in the conduit of extraction gas;
2. buoyancy tank is due to wind-force and the effect of fluctuation, and water surface and gas exchange are produced disturbance;
3. buoyancy tank mostly is foil and makes, and due to its good heat conduction, heat absorptivity, shines upon gas heating in rear box
Hurry up, and then affect the gas exchange of water-vapor interface, cause producing certain difference with greenhouse gases exchange under natural situation;
4. due to the locus that pond is special, gas recovery must aboard ship or manually be fixed and operate on platform, adds and adopts
The difficulty of gas;The factors such as the mobility of water body, temperature, wind direction the most greatly constrain gas recovery;
5. lucite makes, and insulation is bad, and weight is big, is difficult to operation waterborne;
6. the sealing gathering casing and sampling apparatus is poor, has a strong impact on the accuracy of test.
All trades and professions all appeal energy-saving and emission-reduction, an aquaculture contribution the most always unknown number to greenhouse gas emission, long
Phase lacks the statistical data relevant with aquiculture green house gas discharge, basic to this industry greenhouse gas emission shortage
Solve, have impact on the effect of fishery energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem and gather gas
The method of body.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem, including fixed support and gas collecting box,
Collection and confinement of gases case is movably arranged on fixed support, and the bottom of collection and confinement of gases case is provided with gas production mouth.
During use, fixed support is fixed on the bottom of the water surface to be measured, and makes gas production mouth be immersed in underwater, then utilize gas
Body collecting box starts to collect the gas of discharge into water to be measured.This ensure that the stability of gas production, it is to avoid because of water surface or
The disturbance that gas production is produced by gas exchange or other extraneous factors;And gas production is simple and convenient, as long as device is fixed on tested point,
Timing sampling.Collection and confinement of gases case adoptable irony casing, such light weight, easy to operate.
Fixed support includes vertical universal steel angle and the first horizontal universal steel angle;Vertical universal steel angle has four, rectangular arrangement;
First horizontal universal steel angle has four, and vertical with adjacent two respectively universal steel angle is vertical connects, and by four vertical universal steel angles
It is connected as a single entity, and four first horizontal universal steel angles are both connected to the sustained height of four vertical universal steel angles;First horizontal ten thousand
Vertical universal steel angle more than energy angle steel and the first horizontal universal steel angle collectively forms case supports platform, and collection and confinement of gases case activity is pacified
It is contained on case supports platform.Above-mentioned first horizontal universal steel angle not only constitutes case supports platform with vertical universal steel angle, facilitates
The installation of collection and confinement of gases case, and improve support bracket fastened stability in use.
The above-mentioned gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem, also includes the second horizontal universal steel angle, second
Laterally universal steel angle is vertically connected on adjacent two vertical universal steel angles, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is the most omnipotent less than first
Angle steel;Collection and confinement of gases case is uncovered cube structure, uncovered one the facing down of collection and confinement of gases case.Second horizontal universal steel angle
Arrange fixed support served further booster action.
The selection of universal steel angle of the present invention, when not only facilitating assembling, the control of position and adjustment, improve the use of product
Life-span, and improve recycling efficiency.
Collection and confinement of gases case is uncovered cube structure, and the length of side is 400-600mm, and uncovered one faces down;Collection and confinement of gases case
Periphery be provided with heat-insulation layer, the periphery of heat-insulation layer is provided with reflector layer.The length of side is the design of the cube structure of 400-600mm,
Further increase the accuracy that gas production is analyzed, more preferably 500mm;The setting of heat-insulation layer, not only avoid ambient temperature
Etc. the factor impact on gas production analysis result, and serve good reinforcement effect;The setting of reflector layer, effectively prevent
Light changes the impact causing gas production result.
The above-mentioned gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem, also includes sampling tube, the one of collection and confinement of gases case
Side is provided with Sampling Interface, and sampling tube one end seals with Sampling Interface and docks, and the sampling tube other end is provided with the first switch valve;
Sampling Interface is circular, a diameter of 3-8mm.Which enhance convenience and the accuracy of sampling.Applicant's empirical discovery,
Sampling Interface is excessive or the too small accuracy that all can affect sampling.
The above-mentioned gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem, also includes gas sampling assembly, gas sampling
Device includes syringe, second switch valve and airbag;Second switch valve is located on the syringe needle of syringe;Airbag has more than three, gas
The bag mouth of bag is provided with spiral valve, and the bottom of spiral valve is provided with sealing gasket;The syringe needle of syringe can be with sampling tube slitless connection;
Top in collection and confinement of gases case is provided with the agitating device removably connected with collection and confinement of gases case;The bottom of collection and confinement of gases case is provided with work
It is automatically connected in the thermometer on collection and confinement of gases case.When sampling, by the syringe needle of syringe and sampling tube slitless connection, then open
First switch valve and second switch valve, when sampling complete, first close the first switch valve and second switch valve, then pulled out by syringe needle
From sampling tube, and the gas collected in syringe being injected an airbag, the sampling of different time to be injected separately into different gas
In Dai, syringe needle can directly penetrate the spiral valve steam injection of airbag, seals with silicone rubber after gas injection at pin mouth.Stirring dress
The setting put improves the accuracy of sampling analysis, the preferred portable gentle breeze fan of agitating device, uses rechargeable battery powered, this
Sample is the most easy to use, and without arranging electrical wire channel holes on casing, and then improve the accuracy of analysis, and conveniently take
Band;During sampling, the water surface to be recorded and the temperature of environment.
Above-mentioned airbag optional aluminium foil gas-storing bag, can stably preserve gas the long period;The above-mentioned direct air inlet of airbag syringe needle, so
Sealing is added afterwards with silicone rubber;First switch valve and second switch valve are both preferably three-way valve;Sealing gasket bottom spiral valve can
Periodically change (after 5 times);This gas storage method is that the off-line test sample of the present invention provides technical foundation, it is to avoid online test sample
Highly difficult, the high cost of process, and the sample gathered can effectively preserve more than 7 days, the proportion of goods damageds are less than 10%.
A kind of method utilizing the above-mentioned gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem to gather gas, its feature
It is: include following steps connected in order:
A, fixed support is inserted pond bottom, make collection and confinement of gases bottom portion submerge 1-2cm in water, start gas production;
B, from the beginning of gas production, from collection and confinement of gases case, sample 40-60ml every 8-12min, sample 3-6 time;
C, by CO in each sampling of gas Chromatographic Determination2、CH4And N2The content of O, and calculate CO respectively2、
CH4And N2The emission flux of O.
Said method is the most simple to operation, and accuracy rate is high.CO2、CH4And N2O is greenhouse gases.
After gas collecting device installs, in step A, before gas production, the first switch valve on sampling tube is on state,
Open the agitating device in collection and confinement of gases case, stir 3-8min, close the first switch valve, start gas production;In step B,
Before sampling, first check the air-tightness of airbag, then by airbag evacuation;During sampling, the syringe needle of syringe is seamless with sampling tube
Docking, and open the first switch valve and second switch valve, start sampling;Once at the end of sampling, respectively by the first switch valve
Closing with second switch valve, then injected in airbag by the gas collected in syringe, sampling repeatedly is injected separately into different gas
In Dai.Said method further increases the accuracy that gas production is analyzed.Said method is before closing the first switch valve, and gas is received
Header is communicated by sampling tube with the external world, and from closing the first switch valve, gas production starts.
In step B, during every sub-sampling, first syringe is aspirated 18-22 time repeatedly, then start sampling;Gas production starts, respectively
50ml is sampled at 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min.The abbreviation that min is minute, uses the technique scheme can be more
Improve the accuracy that gas production is analyzed further;Applicant it has been investigated that, sampled within 30 minutes, more than 30
The sample minute taken can the accuracy of impact analysis.After sampling in above-mentioned 0min refers to that gas collecting device installs,
Close the sampling before the first switch valve, the sampling of 10min, 20min and 30min, refer to timing from closing the first switch valve
The sampling of 10min, 20min and 30min.
In step C, the computing formula of emission flux F is:
F=Δm/(A×Δt)=ρ×v×ΔC/(A×Δt)=ρ×H×ΔC/Δt=H×(MP/(R(273+T))*
ΔC/Δt
Wherein, the definition of emission flux F(emission flux Flux: refer to the discharge of this gas in the unit interval in unit are
Amount, discharge capacity be on the occasion of expression to airborne release, negative value then represents absorption) unit be mg m-2·h-1;V is gas
The volume of collecting box;A is the cross-sectional area of collection and confinement of gases case;ρ is gas density;Δ C/ Δ t be gas concentration in time
The straight slope of change;H is the water surface surface height to collection and confinement of gases box top.M be gas to be measured molal weight (g ×
mol-1), R is universal gas constant (8.314Pa × m3×mol-1×K-1), T is temperature on average (DEG C) in case during sampling.P
For sampled point atmospheric pressure, it is typically considered to normal atmosphere, i.e. P=1.013 × 105Pa。
Said method is used can accurately to calculate CO2、CH4And N2The emission flux of O.
The NM technology of the present invention is prior art.
The present invention is applied to the gas collecting device of freshwater ecosystem exchange and efficiently solves pond greenhouse gases collection
The problem of difficulty, and light weight, good airproof performance, features simple structure, firm, it is convenient for carrying, easy to operate, safety, anti-interference
Property strong, there is the highest degree of accuracy and repeatability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the gas collecting device structural representation that the present invention is applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem.
Fig. 2 is CH in specific embodiment mode4Rate of discharge;
Fig. 3 is N in specific embodiment mode2The rate of discharge of O;
Fig. 4 is CO in specific embodiment mode2Rate of discharge.
In figure, 1 is vertical universal steel angle, and 2 is the first horizontal universal steel angle, and 3 is the second horizontal universal steel angle, and 4 is sampling
Interface, 5 is sampling tube, and 6 is collection and confinement of gases case, and 7 is the first switch valve, and 8 is syringe, and 9 is syringe needle, and 10 is second to open
Close valve.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be more fully understood that the present invention, it is further elucidated with present disclosure below in conjunction with embodiment, but present disclosure
It is not limited solely to the following examples.
The gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem as shown in Figure 1, including fixed support and gas
Collecting box, collection and confinement of gases case is movably arranged on fixed support, and the bottom of collection and confinement of gases case is provided with gas production mouth;
Fixed support includes vertical universal steel angle and the first horizontal universal steel angle;Vertical universal steel angle has four, rectangular row
Row;First horizontal universal steel angle has four, and vertical with adjacent two respectively universal steel angle is vertical connects, and vertical omnipotent by four
Angle steel is connected as a single entity, and four first horizontal universal steel angles are both connected to the sustained height of four vertical universal steel angles;First is horizontal
Vertical universal steel angle more than the horizontal universal steel angle of universal steel angle and first collectively forms case supports platform, and collection and confinement of gases case is lived
Move and be arranged on case supports platform;
It is adjacent two the most omnipotent that fixed support also includes that the second horizontal universal steel angle, the second horizontal universal steel angle are vertically connected on
On angle steel, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is less than the first horizontal universal steel angle;Collection and confinement of gases case is uncovered cube structure,
Uncovered one the facing down of collection and confinement of gases case;
Collection and confinement of gases case is uncovered cube structure, and the length of side is 500mm, and uncovered one faces down;Outside collection and confinement of gases case
Enclosing and be provided with the thick heat-insulation layer for 1cm, the periphery of heat-insulation layer is provided with reflector layer.The iron sheet system that collection and confinement of gases case uses thickness to be 2mm
Making, heat-insulation layer uses foam heat-insulating board, and reflector layer uses the reflective membrane of tinfoil paper material.
Gas collecting device, also includes that sampling tube, the one side of collection and confinement of gases case are provided with Sampling Interface, sampling tube one end with
Sampling Interface seals docking, and the sampling tube other end is provided with the first switch valve;Sampling Interface is circular, a diameter of 3.8mm;Adopt
Sample pipe is translucent silica gel tube, external diameter 4mm, internal diameter 3mm.
Gas collecting device, also includes gas sampling assembly, and gas sampling assembly includes syringe, second switch valve and airbag,
Second switch valve is located on the syringe needle of syringe, and airbag has four, and the bag mouth of airbag is provided with sealing-plug, and the syringe needle of syringe can be with
Sampling tube slitless connection;Top in collection and confinement of gases case is provided with the gas collection fan removably connected with collection and confinement of gases case, uses 2
Joint 1.5V battery (No. 7 aneroid battery) power supply;The bottom of collection and confinement of gases case is provided with the temperature being movably connected on collection and confinement of gases case
Degree meter.Three-way valve all selected by first switch valve and second switch valve.
Utilize the method that the above-mentioned gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem gathers gas, including order phase
The following steps connect:
A, fixed support is inserted pond bottom, make collection and confinement of gases bottom portion submerge 2cm in water, start gas production, before gas production,
Open the agitating device in collection and confinement of gases case, stir 5min;
B, from the beginning of gas production, respectively 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min sample 50ml;Before sampling, first check
The air-tightness of airbag, then by airbag evacuation;During sampling, by syringe by three-way valve and sampling tube slitless connection, and beat
Drive the first switch valve and second switch valve, start sampling;Once at the end of sampling, respectively by the first switch valve and second switch
Valve cuts out, then is injected in airbag by the gas collected in syringe, and sampling repeatedly is injected separately in different airbags, gas injection
After at pin bag pin mouth with silicone rubber seal, when starting to sample, first syringe is aspirated repeatedly 20 times, then start sampling;
C, by CO in each sampling of gas Chromatographic Determination2、CH4And N2The content of O, and calculate CO respectively2、
CH4And N2The emission flux of O;The computing formula of emission flux F is:
F=Δm/(A×Δt)=ρ×v×ΔC/(A×Δt)=ρ×H×ΔC/Δt=H×(MP/(R(273+T))*
ΔC/Δt
Wherein, the unit of emission flux F is mg m-2·h-1;V is the volume of collection and confinement of gases case;A is collection and confinement of gases case
Cross-sectional area;ρ is gas density;Δ C/ Δ t is the time dependent straight slope of gas concentration;H is water surface surface
To the height of collection and confinement of gases box top, M is the molal weight (g × mol of gas to be measured-1), R is universal gas constant
(8.314Pa×m3×mol-1×K-1), T is temperature on average (DEG C) in case during sampling.P is sampled point atmospheric pressure, generally regards
For normal atmosphere, i.e. P=1.013 × 105Pa。
Acquisition time: on June 7th, 2013, the morning 10 point, temperature 27 degree, weather is fine, collecting location: Changzhou gold
Altar aquatic science and technology garden.With the peak area of each gas detecting as the longitudinal axis, the corresponding time is transverse axis, does straight line, slope K
For Δ C/ Δ t corresponding in formula, it is rate of discharge, as Figure 1-3.Table 1 be different time sampling in each gas
The peak area of the chromatography of gases of body and slope K (Δ C/ Δ t).Table 2 is each gas calculated emission flux F.
Table 1
0min | 10min | 20min | 30min | Slope K | |
CH4 | 37.66580582 | 47.59823227 | 56.86331177 | 65.30634308 | 0.921 |
N2O | 420.8427429 | 420.8508606 | 424.2652283 | 426.5527954 | 0.205 |
CO2 | 3444.597412 | 3912.6 | 3954.441162 | 4524.158691 | 32.8 |
Table 2
M(g/mol) | T(DEG C) | F(mg/m2H) | |
CH4 | 16 | 27.0 | 0.179547366 |
N2O | 40 | 27.0 | 0.000099910994 |
CO2 | 44 | 27.0 | 17.58433486 |
Claims (4)
1. the method that the gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem gathers gas, it is characterised in that:
The gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem includes fixed support and gas collecting box, and collection and confinement of gases case is movably arranged on fixed support, and the bottom of collection and confinement of gases case is provided with gas production mouth;
The gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem also includes that sampling tube, the one side of collection and confinement of gases case are provided with Sampling Interface, and sampling tube one end seals with Sampling Interface and docks, and the sampling tube other end is provided with the first switch valve;Sampling Interface is circular, a diameter of 3-8mm;
The gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem also includes gas sampling assembly, and gas sampling assembly includes syringe, second switch valve and airbag;Second switch valve is located on the syringe needle of syringe;Airbag has more than three, and the bag mouth of airbag is provided with spiral valve, and the bottom of spiral valve is provided with sealing gasket;The syringe needle of syringe can be with sampling tube slitless connection;Top in collection and confinement of gases case is provided with the agitating device removably connected with collection and confinement of gases case;The bottom of collection and confinement of gases case is provided with the thermometer being movably connected on collection and confinement of gases case;
Utilize the method that the above-mentioned gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem gathers gas, the following steps including connected in order:
A, fixed support is inserted pond bottom, make collection and confinement of gases bottom portion submerge 1-2cm in water, start gas production;
B, from the beginning of gas production, from collection and confinement of gases case, sample 40-60ml every 8-12min, sample 3-6 time;
C, by CO in each sampling of gas Chromatographic Determination2、CH4And N2The content of O, and calculate CO respectively2、CH4And N2The emission flux of O;
In step A, before gas production, the first switch valve on sampling tube is on state, opens the agitating device in collection and confinement of gases case, stirs 3-8min, closes the first switch valve, starts gas production;In step B, before sampling, first check the air-tightness of airbag, then by airbag evacuation;During sampling, by the syringe needle of syringe and sampling tube slitless connection, and open the first switch valve and second switch valve, start sampling;Once at the end of sampling, the first switch valve and second switch valve being closed respectively, then injected in airbag by the gas collected in syringe, sampling repeatedly is injected separately in different airbags;
In step B, during every sub-sampling, first syringe is aspirated 18-22 time repeatedly, then start sampling;Gas production starts, and samples 50ml at 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min respectively;
In step C, the computing formula of emission flux F is: F=Δ m/ (A × Δ t)=ρ × v × Δ C/ (A × Δ t)=ρ × H × Δ C/ Δ t=H × (MP/ (R (273+T))) * Δ C/ Δ t;
Wherein, the unit of emission flux F is mg m-2·h-1;V is the volume of collection and confinement of gases case;A is the cross-sectional area of collection and confinement of gases case;ρ is gas density;Δ C/ Δ t is the time dependent straight slope of gas concentration;H is the water surface surface height to collection and confinement of gases box top;M is the molal weight of gas to be measured, g × mol-1;R is universal gas constant, 8.314Pa × m3×mol-1×K-1;T is temperature on average DEG C in case during sampling;P is sampled point atmospheric pressure.
2. the method gathering gas as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: fixed support includes vertical universal steel angle and the first horizontal universal steel angle;Vertical universal steel angle has four, rectangular arrangement;First horizontal universal steel angle has four, and vertical with adjacent two respectively universal steel angle is vertical connects, and is connected as a single entity by four vertical universal steel angles, and four first horizontal universal steel angles are both connected to the sustained height of four vertical universal steel angles;Vertical universal steel angle more than first horizontal universal steel angle and the first horizontal universal steel angle collectively forms case supports platform, and collection and confinement of gases case is movably arranged on case supports platform.
3. the method gathering gas as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the gas collecting device being applied to the exchange of freshwater ecosystem also includes the second horizontal universal steel angle, second horizontal universal steel angle is vertically connected on adjacent two vertical universal steel angles, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is less than the first horizontal universal steel angle;Collection and confinement of gases case is uncovered cube structure, uncovered one the facing down of collection and confinement of gases case.
4. the method gathering gas as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: collection and confinement of gases case is uncovered cube structure, and the length of side is 400-600mm;The periphery of collection and confinement of gases case is provided with the heat-insulation layer of thick 0.5-1.5cm, and the periphery of heat-insulation layer is provided with reflector layer.
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