CN103743603A - Gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of freshwater pool and gas collecting method thereof - Google Patents
Gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of freshwater pool and gas collecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of a freshwater pool and a gas collecting method thereof. The gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of the freshwater pool comprises a fixed bracket and a gas collecting tank, wherein the gas collecting tank is movably installed on the fixed bracket, and a gas collecting opening is formed in the bottom of the gas collecting tank. The gas collecting device applied to ecosystem exchange of the freshwater pool provided by the invention effectively solves the problem that greenhouse gases of the pool are hard to collect, and is light in weight, good in sealing property, simple and stable in structure, convenient to carry, convenient and safe to operate, high in anti-interference performance, and very high in precision and repeatability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is applied to the gas collecting device of freshwater ecosystem exchange and gathers gas.
Background technology
The Global Environmental Problems becoming increasingly conspicuous and Climatic issues, caused the extensive concern of national governments and international academic community, holding of Copenhagen World Climate Conference, beaten again the alarm bell of relevant climate change to anthropogenic influence, the Yi Xiang of the strategic choice Chinese Government world that development low-carbon economy has become the current day by day serious climate change of national governments' reply announces China's reduction of greenhouse gas discharge target: to the year two thousand twenty China per GDP CO2 emissions, than 2005, decline 40%～45%, and as the binding indicator, include the medium-term and long-term plans of national economy and social development using reducing discharging target in.In national fishery working conference in 2010, the chief Li Jianhua of Fishery Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture proposes in talk, " establish the theory of green economy, low-carbon economy and recycling economy, make Fisheries Development reduce the consumption to resource and the energy ".Current fishery energy-saving and emission-reduction focus is to reduce carbon emission and increase carbon to converge.
The little water body in pond is a small-sized ecosystem, compared with the large water body manageability such as lake, river course, reservoir, although single pond area is little, due to the ubiquity of total area Yamato work aquaculture management, its interference that is subject to mankind's activity is but more strong, and greenhouse gas emission is more very important.According to (the World Commission on Dams of the world dam council, WCD) in work report, also point out, the greenhouse gases of reservoir discharge account for to the potentiality that heat in the whole world 1%-28% that Global Emissions of Greenhouse Gas heats potentiality, reservoir is the source of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane isothermal chamber gas, and its discharge intensity is relevant with the factors such as geographic position, weather conditions, the soil flooding and vegetation pattern of reservoir.The water body such as lake, reservoir greenhouse gases type mainly comprises carbon dioxide and methane, to generate under the decomposition of organic matter (OM) microorganism in water of self or Lu Yuan in water body, the carbon dioxide producing and methane in water body after the processes such as diffusion, migration, consumption, finally by water air interface discharged to atmosphere.Only report about artificial swamp Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions is also confined to reservoir and lake, all adopt buoyancy tank, directly casing is inverted and is floated on water surface, but the fluctuation due to the water surface, box house (top) gas volume constantly changes, affected by natural cause larger, measuring accuracy and repeatability are weak, and main weak point is as follows:
1. casing internal diameter is larger, and the interior gas of buoyancy tank conduit interior and extracting gases is difficult to mix completely;
2. buoyancy tank, due to the effect of wind-force and fluctuation, produces disturbance to water surface and gas exchange;
3. buoyancy tank mostly is foil and makes, and due to its good heat conduction, heat absorptivity, shines upon in rear box gas heating fast, so affect water-aerosphere face gas exchange, cause with natural situation under the certain difference of greenhouse gases exchange generation;
4. due to special locus, pond, gas production process must be aboard ship or manually fixedly platform drilling do, increased the difficulty of gas production; The factors such as the mobility of water body, temperature, wind direction have all greatly restricted gas production process;
5. organic glass is made, and insulation is bad, and weight is large, is difficult for operation waterborne;
6. the sealing that gathers casing and sampling apparatus is poor, has a strong impact on the accuracy of test.
All trades and professions are all appealed energy-saving and emission-reduction, how aquaculture is a unknown number to the contribution of greenhouse gas emission always, the statistics that long-term lacking is relevant with aquiculture green house gas discharging, lacks basic understanding to this industry greenhouse gas emission, has affected the effect of fishery energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that is applied to the gas collecting device of freshwater ecosystem exchange and gathers gas.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem, comprises fixed support and gas collecting box, and gas collection case is movably arranged on fixed support, and the bottom of gas collection case is provided with gas production mouth.
During use, fixed support is fixed on to the bottom of the water surface to be measured, and makes gas production mouth be immersed in underwater, then utilize gas collection case to start to collect the gas of water body discharge to be measured.Guaranteed like this stability of gas production, avoided because of water surface or gas exchange or the disturbance of other extraneous factors to gas production generation; And gas production is simple and convenient, as long as device is fixed on to tested point, timing sampling.The adoptable irony casing of gas collection case, like this light weight, easy to operate.
Fixed support comprises vertical universal steel angle and the first horizontal universal steel angle; Vertical universal steel angle has four, rectangular arrangement; The first horizontal universal steel angle has four, respectively with adjacent two vertical universal steel angle is vertical is connected, and four vertical universal steel angles are connected as a single entity, and four first horizontal universal steel angles is all connected to the sustained height of four vertical universal steel angles; The first horizontal universal steel angle and the first horizontal vertical universal steel angle more than universal steel angle form case supports platform jointly, and gas collection case is movably arranged on case supports platform.The above-mentioned first horizontal universal steel angle not only forms case supports platform with vertical universal steel angle, has facilitated the installation of gas collection case, and has improved support bracket fastened stability in use.
The above-mentioned gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem, also comprises the second horizontal universal steel angle, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is vertically connected on adjacent two vertical universal steel angles, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is lower than the first horizontal universal steel angle; Gas collection case is uncovered cube structure, and what gas collection case was uncovered one faces down.The second arranging of horizontal universal steel angle played further booster action to fixed support.
The selection of universal steel angle of the present invention, while not only having facilitated assembling, the control of position and adjustment, improved the serviceable life of product, and improved recycling efficiency.
Gas collection case is uncovered cube structure, and the length of side is 400-600mm, and uncovered one faces down; The outer heat-insulation layer that is arranged with of gas collection case, the outer reflector layer that is arranged with of heat-insulation layer.The length of side is the design of the cube structure of 400-600mm, has further improved the accuracy that gas production is analyzed, more preferably 500mm; The setting of heat-insulation layer, has not only avoided the impact of the factors such as ambient temperature on gas production analysis result, and has played good reinforcement effect; The setting of reflector layer, has effectively prevented that light from changing the impact that gas production result is caused.
The above-mentioned gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem, also comprises sampling pipe, and a side of gas collection case is provided with Sampling Interface, and dock with Sampling Interface sealing sampling pipe one end, and the sampling pipe other end is provided with the first switch valve; Sampling Interface is circular, and diameter is 3-8mm.Convenience and the accuracy of sampling have been improved like this.Applicant's empirical discovery, the excessive or too small accuracy that all can affect sampling of Sampling Interface.
The above-mentioned gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem, also comprises gas sampling assembly, and gas sampling assembly comprises syringe, second switch valve and airbag; Second switch valve is located on the syringe needle of syringe; Airbag has more than three, and the sack of airbag is provided with spiral valve, and the bottom of spiral valve is provided with sealing gasket; The syringe needle of syringe can with sampling pipe slitless connection; Top in gas collection case is provided with the stirring apparatus removably connecting with gas collection case; The bottom of gas collection case is provided with the thermometer being movably connected on gas collection case.When sampling, by the syringe needle of syringe and sampling pipe slitless connection, then open the first switch valve and second switch valve, when sampling is complete, first closes the first switch valve and second switch valve, then syringe needle is pulled away to sampling pipe, and by gas inject one airbag collecting in syringe, the sampling of different time will be injected respectively different airbags, and syringe needle can directly penetrate the spiral valve steam injection of airbag, after gas injection, at pin mouth place, with silicon rubber, seals.Stirring apparatus the accuracy that has improved sampling analysis is set, the preferred portable gentle breeze fan of stirring apparatus, adopts rechargeable battery powered, so not only easy to use, and without electric wire perforation is set on casing, and then improved the accuracy of analyzing, and be convenient for carrying; During sampling, also to record the temperature of the water surface and environment.
The optional aluminium foil gas-storing bag of above-mentioned airbag, can stablize and preserve gas the long period; The direct air inlet of syringe needle for above-mentioned airbag, then adds sealing with silicon rubber; The first switch valve and second switch valve are all preferably T-valve; The sealing gasket of spiral valve bottom regularly (after 5 times) is changed; This gas storage method provides technical foundation for off-line test sample of the present invention, has avoided the highly difficult, expensive of online test sample process, and the sample gathering can effectively preserve more than 7 days, and the proportion of goods damageds are lower than 10%.
Utilize the above-mentioned gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem to gather a method for gas, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps that order is joined:
A, fixed support is inserted to pond bottom, make the gas collection case bottom 1-2cm in water that submerges, start gas production;
B, from gas production, every 8-12min, from gas collection case, sample 40-60ml, sample 3-6 time;
C, by gas Chromatographic Determination each sampling in CO
2, CH
4and N
2the content of O, and calculate respectively CO
2, CH
4and N
2the emission flux of O.
Said method is not only simple to operation, and accuracy rate is high.CO
2, CH
4and N
2o is greenhouse gases.
After gas collecting device installs, in steps A, before gas production, the first switch valve on sampling pipe is opening, opens the stirring apparatus in gas collection case, stirs 3-8min, closes the first switch valve, starts gas production; In step B, before sampling, first check the impermeability of airbag, then airbag is vacuumized; During sampling, by the syringe needle of syringe and sampling pipe slitless connection, and open the first switch valve and second switch valve, start sampling; When once sampling finishes, respectively the first switch valve and second switch valve are closed, then by the gas inject airbag collecting in syringe, different airbags is injected respectively in sampling repeatedly.Said method has further improved the accuracy that gas production is analyzed.Said method is before closing the first switch valve, and gas collection case communicates by sampling pipe with extraneous, and from closing the first switch valve, gas production starts.
In step B, during every sub-sampling, first syringe is aspirated 18-22 time repeatedly, then start sampling; Gas production starts, respectively at 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min sampling 50ml.The abbreviation that min is minute, adopts technique scheme can further improve the accuracy that gas production is analyzed; Applicant finds after deliberation, at 30 minutes with interior sampling, the accuracy that the sample that more than 30 minutes is got can impact analysis.After sampling in above-mentioned 0min refers to that gas collecting device installs, close the sampling before the first switch valve, the sampling of 10min, 20min and 30min, refers to 10min, the 20min of timing from closing the first switch valve and the sampling of 30min.
In step C, the computing formula of emission flux F is:
F=Δm/(A×Δt)=ρ×v×ΔC/(A×Δt)=ρ×H×ΔC/Δt=H×(MP/(R(273+T))*ΔC/Δt
Wherein, the unit definition of emission flux F(emission flux Flux: refer to interior this gas purging amount of unit interval in unit area, discharge capacity is on the occasion of representing to airborne release, and negative value represents to absorb) is mgm
-2h
-1; V is the volume of gas collection case; A is the cross-sectional area of gas collection case; ρ is gas density; Δ C/ Δ t is the time dependent straight slope of gas concentration; H is that water surface surface is to the height of gas collection box top.M is the molal weight (g * mol of gas to be measured
-1), R is universal gas constant (8.314Pa * m
3* mol
-1* K
-1), the interior temperature on average of case when T is sampling (℃).P is sampled point atmospheric pressure, is conventionally considered as standard atmospheric pressure, i.e. P=1.013 * 10
5pa.
Adopt said method can accurately calculate CO
2, CH
4and N
2the emission flux of O.
The NM technology of the present invention is prior art.
The gas collecting device that the present invention is applied to freshwater ecosystem exchange efficiently solves pond greenhouse gases and gathers difficult problem, and light weight, good airproof performance, features simple structure, firm, be convenient for carrying, easy to operate, safety, strong interference immunity, has very high degree of accuracy and repeatability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the gas collecting device structural representation that the present invention is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem.
Fig. 2 is CH in specific embodiment mode
4drainage rate;
Fig. 3 is N in specific embodiment mode
2the drainage rate of O;
Fig. 4 is CO in specific embodiment mode
2drainage rate.
In figure, 1 is vertical universal steel angle, and 2 is the first horizontal universal steel angle, and 3 is the second horizontal universal steel angle, and 4 is Sampling Interface, and 5 is sampling pipe, and 6 is gas collection case, and 7 is the first switch valve, and 8 is syringe, and 9 is syringe needle, and 10 is second switch valve.
Embodiment
In order to understand better the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate content of the present invention, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
The gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem as shown in Figure 1, comprises fixed support and gas collecting box, and gas collection case is movably arranged on fixed support, and the bottom of gas collection case is provided with gas production mouth;
Fixed support comprises vertical universal steel angle and the first horizontal universal steel angle; Vertical universal steel angle has four, rectangular arrangement; The first horizontal universal steel angle has four, respectively with adjacent two vertical universal steel angle is vertical is connected, and four vertical universal steel angles are connected as a single entity, and four first horizontal universal steel angles is all connected to the sustained height of four vertical universal steel angles; The first horizontal universal steel angle and the first horizontal vertical universal steel angle more than universal steel angle form case supports platform jointly, and gas collection case is movably arranged on case supports platform;
Fixed support also comprises the second horizontal universal steel angle, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is vertically connected on adjacent two vertical universal steel angles, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is lower than the first horizontal universal steel angle; Gas collection case is uncovered cube structure, and what gas collection case was uncovered one faces down;
Gas collection case is uncovered cube structure, and the length of side is 500mm, and uncovered one faces down; It is the heat-insulation layer of 1cm that gas collection case outer is arranged with thick, the outer reflector layer that is arranged with of heat-insulation layer.It is the iron sheet making of 2mm that gas collection case adopts thick, and heat-insulation layer adopts foam heat-insulating board, and reflector layer adopts the reflective membrane of tinfoil paper material.
Gas collecting device, also comprises sampling pipe, and a side of gas collection case is provided with Sampling Interface, and dock with Sampling Interface sealing sampling pipe one end, and the sampling pipe other end is provided with the first switch valve; Sampling Interface is circular, and diameter is 3.8mm; Sampling pipe is translucent silicone tube, external diameter 4mm, internal diameter 3mm.
Gas collecting device, also comprises gas sampling assembly, and gas sampling assembly comprises syringe, second switch valve and airbag, second switch valve is located on the syringe needle of syringe, airbag has four, and the sack of airbag is provided with sealing-plug, the syringe needle of syringe can with sampling pipe slitless connection; Top in gas collection case is provided with the gas collection fan removably connecting with gas collection case, adopts 2 joint 1.5V battery (No. 7 dry cells) power supplies; The bottom of gas collection case is provided with the thermometer being movably connected on gas collection case.The first switch valve and second switch valve are all selected T-valve.
Utilize the above-mentioned gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem to gather the method for gas, comprise the following steps that order is joined:
A, fixed support is inserted to pond bottom, make the gas collection case bottom 2cm in water that submerges, start gas production, before gas production, open the stirring apparatus in gas collection case, stir 5min;
B, from gas production, respectively at 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min sampling 50ml; Before sampling, first check the impermeability of airbag, then airbag is vacuumized; During sampling, syringe, by T-valve and sampling pipe slitless connection, and is opened to the first switch valve and second switch valve, start sampling; When once sampling finishes, respectively the first switch valve and second switch valve are closed, again by the gas inject airbag collecting in syringe, different airbags is injected respectively in sampling repeatedly, after gas injection, at pin bag pin mouth place, with silicon rubber, seal, while starting to sample, first syringe is aspirated to 20 times repeatedly, then start sampling;
C, by gas Chromatographic Determination each sampling in CO
2, CH
4and N
2the content of O, and calculate respectively CO
2, CH
4and N
2the emission flux of O; The computing formula of emission flux F is:
F=Δm/(A×Δt)=ρ×v×ΔC/(A×Δt)=ρ×H×ΔC/Δt=H×(MP/(R(273+T))*ΔC/Δt
Wherein, the unit of emission flux F is mgm
-2h
-1; V is the volume of gas collection case; A is the cross-sectional area of gas collection case; ρ is gas density; Δ C/ Δ t is the time dependent straight slope of gas concentration; H is that water surface surface is to the height of gas collection box top, molal weight (g * mol that M is gas to be measured
-1), R is universal gas constant (8.314Pa * m
3* mol
-1* K
-1), the interior temperature on average of case when T is sampling (℃).P is sampled point atmospheric pressure, is conventionally considered as standard atmospheric pressure, i.e. P=1.013 * 10
5pa.
Acquisition time: on June 7th, 2013, the mornings 10 point, temperature 27 degree, weather is fine, collecting location: aquatic science and technology garden, Changzhou Jintan.The peak area that each gas detects of take is the longitudinal axis, and the corresponding time is transverse axis, does straight line, and slope K is Δ C/ Δ t corresponding in formula, is drainage rate, as Figure 1-3.Table 1 is peak area and the slope K (Δ C/ Δ t) of the chromatography of gases of each gas in the sampling of different time.The emission flux F that table 2 calculates for each gas.
Table 1
| ? | 0min | 10min | 20min | 30min | Slope K |
| CH 4 | 37.66580582 | 47.59823227 | 56.86331177 | 65.30634308 | 0.921 |
| N 2O | 420.8427429 | 420.8508606 | 424.2652283 | 426.5527954 | 0.205 |
| CO 2 | 3444.597412 | 3912.6 | 3954.441162 | 4524.158691 | 32.8 |
Table 2
| ? | M（g/mol) | T（℃） | F（mg/m 2h） |
| CH 4 | 16 | 27.0 | 0.179547366 |
| N 2O | 40 | 27.0 | 0.000099910994 |
| CO 2 | 44 | 27.0 | 17.58433486 |
Claims (10)
1. a gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem, is characterized in that: comprise fixed support and gas collecting box, gas collection case is movably arranged on fixed support, and the bottom of gas collection case is provided with gas production mouth.
2. the gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: fixed support comprises vertical universal steel angle and the first horizontal universal steel angle; Vertical universal steel angle has four, rectangular arrangement; The first horizontal universal steel angle has four, respectively with adjacent two vertical universal steel angle is vertical is connected, and four vertical universal steel angles are connected as a single entity, and four first horizontal universal steel angles is all connected to the sustained height of four vertical universal steel angles; The first horizontal universal steel angle and the first horizontal vertical universal steel angle more than universal steel angle form case supports platform jointly, and gas collection case is movably arranged on case supports platform.
3. the gas collecting device that is applied to freshwater ecosystem exchange as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise the second horizontal universal steel angle, the second horizontal universal steel angle is vertically connected on adjacent two vertical universal steel angles, and the second horizontal universal steel angle is lower than the first horizontal universal steel angle; Gas collection case is uncovered cube structure, and what gas collection case was uncovered one faces down.
4. the gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: gas collection case is uncovered cube structure, and the length of side is 400-600mm; The outer heat-insulation layer that is arranged with thick 0.5-1.5cm of gas collection case, the outer reflector layer that is arranged with of heat-insulation layer.
5. the gas collecting device that is applied to freshwater ecosystem exchange as described in claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that: also comprise sampling pipe, one side of gas collection case is provided with Sampling Interface, dock with Sampling Interface sealing sampling pipe one end, and the sampling pipe other end is provided with the first switch valve; Sampling Interface is circular, and diameter is 3-8mm.
6. the gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: also comprise that gas sampling assembly, gas sampling assembly comprise syringe, second switch valve and airbag; Second switch valve is located on the syringe needle of syringe; Airbag has more than three, and the sack of airbag is provided with spiral valve, and the bottom of spiral valve is provided with sealing gasket; The syringe needle of syringe can with sampling pipe slitless connection; Top in gas collection case is provided with the stirring apparatus removably connecting with gas collection case; The bottom of gas collection case is provided with the thermometer being movably connected on gas collection case.
7. utilize the gas collecting device that is applied to the exchange of the freshwater ecosystem described in claim 1-6 any one to gather a method for gas, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps that order is joined:
A, fixed support is inserted to pond bottom, make the gas collection case bottom 1-2cm in water that submerges, start gas production;
B, from gas production, every 8-12min, from gas collection case, sample 40-60ml, sample 3-6 time;
C, by gas Chromatographic Determination each sampling in CO
2, CH
4and N
2the content of O, and calculate respectively CO
2, CH
4and N
2the emission flux of O.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: in steps A, before gas production, the first switch valve on sampling pipe is opening, opens the stirring apparatus in gas collection case, stirs 3-8min, closes the first switch valve, starts gas production; In step B, before sampling, first check the impermeability of airbag, then airbag is vacuumized; During sampling, by the syringe needle of syringe and sampling pipe slitless connection, and open the first switch valve and second switch valve, start sampling; When once sampling finishes, respectively the first switch valve and second switch valve are closed, then by the gas inject airbag collecting in syringe, different airbags is injected respectively in sampling repeatedly.
9. method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: in step B, during every sub-sampling, first syringe is aspirated 18-22 time repeatedly, then start sampling; Gas production starts, respectively at 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min sampling 50ml.
10. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: in step C, the computing formula of emission flux F is: F=Δ m/ (A * Δ t)=ρ * v * Δ C/ (A * Δ t)=ρ * H * Δ C/ Δ t=H * (MP/ (R (273+T)) * Δ C/ Δ t
Wherein, the unit of emission flux F is mgm
-2h
-1; V is the volume of gas collection case; A is the cross-sectional area of gas collection case; ρ is gas density; Δ C/ Δ t is the time dependent straight slope of gas concentration; H is that water surface surface is to the height of gas collection box top; M is the molal weight of gas to be measured, g * mol
-1; R is universal gas constant, 8.314Pa * m
3* mol
-1* K
-1; The interior temperature on average of case when T is sampling (℃); P is sampled point atmospheric pressure.
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| CN106556527A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-04-05 | 上海唐辉电子有限公司 | A kind of accurate air detection instrument with sealing structure |
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