CN103742536B - The casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing - Google Patents
The casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103742536B CN103742536B CN201410009595.7A CN201410009595A CN103742536B CN 103742536 B CN103742536 B CN 103742536B CN 201410009595 A CN201410009595 A CN 201410009595A CN 103742536 B CN103742536 B CN 103742536B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing, the metal mold being Hough butted structure with the mold joint of foundry goods and runner system thereof is casting external mold, with the metallic core of many slit bamboo or chopped woods parting structure for casting internal mold, and the chemical component of described high-lead bronze copper sheathing and the weight percentage of each component thereof are Pb18 ~ 23%, Sn4 ~ 6%, Cu surplus, the cooling way that the water-cooling apparatus being located at described mold periphery with it is foundry goods; Concrete casting step comprises: smelting copper alloy, deoxidation treatment, mold preheating, casting pouring, foundry goods cooling, removal cutting-off gate, namely obtaining high-lead bronze copper sheathing is major character.The present invention has rational technology, cost of production is low, and the advantage such as the copper sheathing quality of output is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing.
Background technique
Existing lead bronze has 10-10 lead bronze, 15-8 lead bronze, 7-4-4 lead bronze, 20-5 lead bronze and 30 lead bronzes in GB GB/T1176-1987.Wherein, 20-5 lead bronze and 30 lead bronzes all belong to high-lead bronze.
What generally adopt in the high-revolving large-scale disintegrating apparatus of high load is high-lead bronze copper sheathing, and that is that wear resistance is fine because the friction factor of high-lead bronze is little; Fatigue life is high, and not easy to crack under impact, mainly bears high pressure, high rotating speed the important axle sleeve be hit with it; This kind of copper sheathing material adopts 20-5 lead bronze usually, or this kind of high-lead bronze of 30 lead bronzes.Because the mechanical property of 30 lead bronzes is very low, can not separately as monomer bearing, can only castingin on steel bushing inwall, make bimetallic bearing.The application does not relate to the imbedding process of 30 lead bronzes, and is to provide a kind of casting method of 20-5 high-lead bronze copper sheathing, and the main component of described 20-5 lead bronze is: Pb18 ~ 23%, Sn4 ~ 6%, and all the other are Cu(weight percentage).
Lead in lead bronze is insoluble to copper, and lead is present in Copper substrate mutually with independent, therefore, easily produces regional segregation; Simultaneously because the proportion (11.34) of lead is more much larger than the proportion (8.93) of copper, so be easy to again gravity segregation occurs, this brings very large difficulty to the casting of high-lead bronze.
Adopt common sand casting process in prior art, because rate of cooling is slow, set time is long, makes the high-lead bronze copper sheathing segregation of producing serious.
Adopt centrifugally cast method to produce high-lead bronze copper sheathing, under the effect of centrifuge power, because plumbous and copper proportion differ greatly, increase gravity segregation.
And adopting permanent mold casting to be conventional a kind of technological method, it can obtain the good premium casting of dense structure, any surface finish and inherent quality, is widely used in the Foundry Production of Cuprum alloy.But, common metal mold method is adopted to produce high-lead bronze, also certain limitation is had. especially relatively thick for wall thickness, the foundry goods that product is relatively large, common metal type is for preventing the effect of segregation will be limited, in order to accelerating cooling, reduce segregation, just can not rely on the heat absorbing property of metal mold completely.The application devises a kind of method high-lead bronze copper sheathing that wall thickness is relatively thick to produce, foundry goods is relatively large setting up water-cooling apparatus in metal mold periphery.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, not only rational technology, cost of production are low to provide one, and the casting method of the measured high-lead bronze copper sheathing of the copper sheathing matter of output, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, technological scheme of the present invention is: a kind of casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing, the metal mold being Hough butted structure with the mold joint of foundry goods and runner system thereof is casting external mold, with the metallic core of many slit bamboo or chopped woods parting structure for casting internal mold, and the chemical component of described high-lead bronze copper sheathing and the weight percentage of each component thereof are Pb18 ~ 23%, Sn4 ~ 6%, Cu surplus, and its: to be located at the cooling way that the water-cooling apparatus of described mold periphery is foundry goods, its concrete steps comprise:
Step a, smelting copper alloy; Described smelting copper alloy copper, lead and tin is weighed by processing compound to put into smelting furnace and heat, and makes described furnace charge be melt into Cuprum alloy liquid;
Step b, deoxidation treatment; Described deoxidation treatment be add in the molten copper alloy liquid that step a obtains molten copper alloy liquid gross weight 0.07 ~ 0.09% phosphor-copper, and carry out uniform stirring by nitrogen injection, implement deoxidation treatment;
Step c, mold preheating; Described mold preheating is that casting external mold and metallic core casting internal mold are carried out preheating, after external mold to be cast and casting internal mold preheating, is located in the inner chamber of the water-cooling apparatus not yet pouring into cooling water after closed fixing casting external mold and casting internal mold being equipped with; Wherein, described preheating temperature controls within the scope of 200 ~ 300 DEG C;
Steps d, casting pouring; Described casting pouring the molten copper alloy liquid obtained through step b is slowly poured into the casting external mold after step c preheating with in the die cavity that forms of casting internal mold, until molten copper alloy liquid is when foundry goods body die cavity ascent stage, accelerate poring rate until molten copper alloy liquid liquid level rises to the most significant end of feeding a casting rising head die cavity;
Step e, foundry goods cool; The cooling of described foundry goods is the water intake of fetching boiling water bottom cooling unit, makes cooling water bottom mold, slowly rise to the position, top of the foundry goods body die cavity of mold; Wherein, the water surface elevation of the water-cooling apparatus of described mold maintains an equal level mutually with the top of foundry goods body die cavity;
Step f, removal cutting-off gate; Described removal cutting-off gate is taken out from cooling unit by its mold after foundry goods cooling, opens casting external mold, deviate from foundry goods, and remove runner system and the feeding head of many slit bamboo or chopped woods parting structure metallic core and foundry goods, namely obtain high-lead bronze copper sheathing.
In technique scheme, the heating and temperature control in described step a is within the scope of 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C.
In technique scheme, the mixing time in described step b controlled within the scope of 3 ~ 5 minutes.
In technique scheme, the metal casting external mold of described Hough butted structure comprises and has the first metal shell and the second metal shell that inner chamber radius equals casting process radius, and the axial height of described first metal shell and the second metal shell is equal to casting process height and feeding head height sum, described first metal shell and the second metal shell are by the hinged involutory connection of mandrel, on the mold joint of described first metal shell and the second metal shell, be provided with sprue, cross gate and ingate, and the height of described sprue is higher than the height of feeding a casting rising head.
In technique scheme, the wall thickness of the casting external mold of described Hough butted structure and metallic core casting internal mold is all within the scope of 30 ~ 40mm.
In technique scheme, described water-cooling apparatus comprises can the cooler bin of accommodating cooling water, and the bottom side-walls of described cooler bin has water intake, and flow control valve is equipped with in water inlet, and there is water outlet at the upper portion side wall place of cooler bin.
In technique scheme, the temperature of the cooling water of described water-cooling apparatus controls within the scope of 3 ~ 15 DEG C.
In technique scheme, the height of the feeding head of described foundry goods is not less than 1/4th of foundry goods body height.
In technique scheme, the structure of described metallic core is four slit bamboo or chopped wood parting structures, and when reality uses, is coated with is embedded with exotic material layer at the parting line placement of described four slit bamboo or chopped wood parting structure metallic cores.
In technique scheme, described first metal shell, the second metal shell and metallic core are all spheroidal graphite cast iron products.
The good effect that the present invention has is: because the quality requirement of copper sheathing is high, do not allowed the defects such as any pore, sand holes; In addition, Cuprum alloy is as easy as rolling off a log oxidation in melting is crossed, and forms oxidizing slag, and produces slag inclusion.After have employed above-mentioned bottom casting method, copper alloy liquid is injected in mold relatively more steady, is not easy to produce the defects such as volume gas pore; And its oxidizing slag can float over mold cavity top, ensure the rear non-oxidation slag defect of foundry goods body processing, because foundry goods bodies top has feeding head, except the consistency that feeding effect ensures product, the pouring system of bottom filling can also be coordinated to allow oxidizing slag rest on feeding head position, treat that feeding head removed by foundry goods.The present invention selects metal casting external mold and the metallic core casting internal mold of Hough butted structure, and the water-cooling apparatus being located at described mold periphery accelerates the cooled and solidified process of foundry goods, effectively avoids producing regional segregation and gravity segregation.And its cost of production is low, casting technique is reasonable, and manufacturing efficiency is good, and foundry goods copper sheathing quality is good, and foundry goods copper sheathing percentage of A-class goods high is apparent.Achieve object of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is mold and the water-cooling apparatus structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the plan view of mold, and shown in figure, 10 fix card soon for closed;
Fig. 3 is the plan view of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and the embodiment that provides, the present invention is further illustrated, but be not limited thereto.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, the casting method of the high-lead bronze copper sheathing that the relatively thick shape of a kind of wall thickness is relatively large, the metal mold being Hough butted structure with the mold joint of foundry goods and runner system thereof is casting external mold, with the metallic core of many slit bamboo or chopped woods parting structure for casting internal mold, and the chemical component of described high-lead bronze copper sheathing and the weight percentage of each component thereof are Pb18 ~ 23%, Sn4 ~ 6%, Cu surplus, and its: to be located at the cooling way that the water-cooling apparatus of described mold periphery is foundry goods, its concrete steps comprise:
Step a, smelting copper alloy; Described smelting copper alloy copper, lead and tin is weighed by processing compound to put into smelting furnace and heat, and makes described furnace charge be melt into Cuprum alloy liquid;
Step b, deoxidation treatment; Described deoxidation treatment be add in the molten copper alloy liquid that step a obtains molten copper alloy liquid gross weight 0.07 ~ 0.09% phosphor-copper, and carry out uniform stirring by nitrogen injection, implement deoxidation treatment;
Step c, mold preheating; Described mold preheating is that casting external mold and metallic core casting internal mold are carried out preheating, after external mold to be cast and casting internal mold preheating, is located in the inner chamber of the water-cooling apparatus not yet pouring into cooling water after closed fixing casting external mold and casting internal mold being equipped with; Wherein, described preheating temperature controls within the scope of 200 ~ 300 DEG C;
Steps d, casting pouring; Described casting pouring the molten copper alloy liquid obtained through step b is slowly poured into the casting external mold after step c preheating with in the die cavity that forms of casting internal mold, until molten copper alloy liquid is when foundry goods body die cavity ascent stage, accelerate poring rate until molten copper alloy liquid liquid level rises to the most significant end of feeding a casting rising head die cavity;
Step e, foundry goods cool; The cooling of described foundry goods is the water intake of fetching boiling water bottom cooling unit, makes cooling water bottom mold, slowly rise to the position, top of the foundry goods body die cavity of mold; Wherein, the water surface elevation of the water-cooling apparatus of described mold maintains an equal level mutually with the top of foundry goods body die cavity;
Step f, removal cutting-off gate; Described removal cutting-off gate is taken out from cooling unit by its mold after foundry goods cooling, opens casting external mold, deviate from foundry goods, and remove runner system and the feeding head of many slit bamboo or chopped woods parting structure metallic core and foundry goods, namely obtain high-lead bronze copper sheathing.
Heating and temperature control in step a of the present invention is within the scope of 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C.
Mixing time in step b of the present invention controlled within the scope of 3 ~ 5 minutes.
As Fig. 1, 2, shown in 3, the metal casting external mold of described Hough butted structure comprises and has the first metal shell 1-1 and the second metal shell 1-2 that inner chamber radius equals casting process radius, and the axial height of described first metal shell 1-1 and the second metal shell 1-2 is equal to casting process height and feeding head 3 height sum, described first metal shell 1-1 and the second metal shell 1-2 is by the hinged involutory connection of mandrel 4, on the mold joint of described first metal shell 1-1 and the second metal shell 1-2, be provided with sprue 5, cross gate 6 and ingate 7, and the height of described sprue 5 is higher than the height of feeding a casting rising head 3.On the Hough involutory surface of the first metal shell 1-1 and the second metal shell 1-2, be also provided with 2 positioning pin hole pairs, coordinate dislocation to avoid both.Casting process radius of the present invention, refers to that casting design radius adds machining allowance.
The wall thickness of the casting external mold of Hough butted structure of the present invention and metallic core casting internal mold is all within the scope of 30 ~ 40mm.
As shown in Figure 1, described water-cooling apparatus comprises can the cooler bin 8 of accommodating cooling water, and the bottom side-walls of described cooler bin 8 has water intake 8-1, and flow control valve 9 is equipped with at water intake 8-1 place, and there is water outlet 8-2 at the upper portion side wall place of cooler bin 8.
The temperature of the cooling water of water-cooling apparatus of the present invention controls within the scope of 3 ~ 15 DEG C.
The height of the feeding head of foundry goods of the present invention is not less than 1/1 to three/4th of foundry goods body height.
As shown in Figure 2, the structure of described metallic core 2 is four slit bamboo or chopped wood parting structures, and when reality uses, is coated with and is embedded with exotic material layer, affect knockout operation to avoid copper liquid to enter mold joint slot at the parting line placement of described four slit bamboo or chopped wood parting structure metallic cores 2.
First metal shell 1-1 of the present invention, the second metal shell 1-2 and metallic core 2 are all spheroidal graphite cast iron products.
Lab scale effect display of the present invention is very gratifying.
Tooling of the present invention only according to casting dimension size, need adjust accordingly, make tooling and casting dimension size suitable.
The present invention is equally applicable to the Foundry Production of wall thickness and the less 20-5 high-lead bronze copper sheathing of shape.
Claims (10)
1. the casting method of a high-lead bronze copper sheathing, the metal mold being Hough butted structure with the mold joint of foundry goods and runner system thereof is casting external mold, with the metallic core of many slit bamboo or chopped woods parting structure for casting internal mold, and the chemical component of described high-lead bronze copper sheathing and the weight percentage of each component thereof are Pb18 ~ 23%, Sn4 ~ 6%, Cu surplus, is characterized in that: to be located at the cooling way that the water-cooling apparatus of described mold periphery is foundry goods, its concrete steps comprise:
Step a, smelting copper alloy; Described smelting copper alloy copper, lead and tin is weighed by processing compound to put into smelting furnace and heat, and makes described furnace charge be melt into Cuprum alloy liquid;
Step b, deoxidation treatment; Described deoxidation treatment be add in the molten copper alloy liquid that step a obtains molten copper alloy liquid gross weight 0.07 ~ 0.09% phosphor-copper, and carry out uniform stirring by nitrogen injection, implement deoxidation treatment;
Step c, mold preheating; Described mold preheating is that casting external mold and metallic core casting internal mold are carried out preheating, after external mold to be cast and casting internal mold preheating, is located in the inner chamber of the water-cooling apparatus not yet pouring into cooling water after closed fixing casting external mold and casting internal mold being equipped with; Wherein, described preheating temperature controls within the scope of 200 ~ 300 DEG C;
Steps d, casting pouring; Described casting pouring the molten copper alloy liquid obtained through step b is slowly poured into the casting external mold after step c preheating with in the die cavity that forms of casting internal mold, until molten copper alloy liquid is when foundry goods body die cavity ascent stage, accelerate poring rate until molten copper alloy liquid liquid level rises to the most significant end of feeding a casting rising head die cavity;
Step e, foundry goods cool; The cooling of described foundry goods is the water intake of fetching boiling water bottom cooling unit, makes cooling water bottom mold, slowly rise to the position, top being equivalent to foundry goods body die cavity of mold; Wherein, the water surface elevation of the water-cooling apparatus of described mold maintains an equal level mutually with the top of foundry goods body die cavity;
Step f, removal cutting-off gate; Described removal cutting-off gate is taken out from cooling unit by its mold after foundry goods cooling, opens casting external mold, deviate from foundry goods, and remove runner system and the feeding head of many slit bamboo or chopped woods parting structure metallic core and foundry goods, namely obtain high-lead bronze copper sheathing.
2. the casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating and temperature control in described step a is within the scope of 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C.
3. the casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mixing time in described step b controlled within the scope of 3 ~ 5 minutes.
4. the casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the metal casting external mold of described Hough butted structure comprises and has the first metal shell (1-1) and the second metal shell (1-2) that inner chamber radius equals casting process radius, and the axial height of described first metal shell (1-1) and the second metal shell (1-2) is equal to casting process height and feeding head (3) height sum, described first metal shell (1-1) and the second metal shell (1-2) are by the hinged involutory connection of mandrel (4), on the mold joint of described first metal shell (1-1) and the second metal shell (1-2), be provided with sprue (5), cross gate (6) and ingate (7), and the height of described sprue (5) is higher than the height of feeding a casting rising head (3).
5. the casting method of the high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that: the wall thickness of the casting external mold of described Hough butted structure and metallic core casting internal mold is all within the scope of 30 ~ 40mm.
6. the casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water-cooling apparatus comprises can the cooler bin (8) of accommodating cooling water, the bottom side-walls of described cooler bin (8) has water intake (8-1), and flow control valve (9) is equipped with at water intake (8-1) place, there is water outlet (8-2) at the upper portion side wall place of cooler bin (8).
7. the casting method of the high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1 or 6, is characterized in that: the temperature of the cooling water of described water-cooling apparatus controls within the scope of 3 ~ 15 DEG C.
8. the casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of the feeding head of described foundry goods is not less than 1/4th of foundry goods body height.
9. the casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the structure of described metallic core (2) is four slit bamboo or chopped wood parting structures, and when reality uses, be coated with at the parting line placement of described four slit bamboo or chopped wood parting structure metallic cores (2) and be embedded with exotic material layer.
10. the casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described first metal shell (1-1), the second metal shell (1-2) and metallic core (2) are all spheroidal graphite cast iron products.
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