CN107676382A - A kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107676382A CN107676382A CN201710809875.XA CN201710809875A CN107676382A CN 107676382 A CN107676382 A CN 107676382A CN 201710809875 A CN201710809875 A CN 201710809875A CN 107676382 A CN107676382 A CN 107676382A
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- casting
- copper sheathing
- weight
- copper
- cooling
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/08—Alloys based on copper with lead as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
- F16C2204/16—Alloys based on copper with lead as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2220/00—Shaping
- F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
- F16C2220/06—Shaping by casting in situ casting or moulding
Abstract
The present invention designs a kind of casting method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing, and the metal die using the die joint of casting and its casting system as structure is casting external mold, using metallic core as casting internal model, is formed using forced water cooling centrifugal casting.And the chemical group of the high-lead bronze copper sheathing and its weight percentage of component are Pb20 25%, Sn4 6.Cu surpluses, cooling way of the water-cooling apparatus of the mold periphery as casting is located at using it：Specific casting step includes：Smelting copper alloy, deoxidation treatment, casting preheating, casting pouring, casting cooling, removal dead head, and it is principal character to obtain high-lead bronze copper sheathing.The present invention has that rational technology, production cost are low, and output copper sheathing quality it is good the advantages that.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing and preparation method thereof, belong to field of material engineering technology.
Background technology
Existing Allen's metal has 10-10 Allen's metals, 15-8 Allen's metals, 7-4-4 lead blue or green in national standard GB/T1176-1987
Copper, 20-5 Allen's metals and 30 Allen's metals.Wherein, 20-5 Allen's metals and 30 Allen's metals belong to high-lead bronze.
Generally using high-lead bronze copper sheathing in the large-scale mine equipment and shipborne equipment of high load capacity rotating speed, that be because
Small for the coefficient of friction of high-lead bronze, wearability is fine, and fatigue life is high, and not easy to crack under impact, is mainly made of it
Bear high pressure, high rotating speed and the important axle sleeve being hit.This kind of copper sheathing material generally use 20-5 Allen's metals, or 30 Allen's metals
This kind of high-lead bronze.Because the mechanical property of 30 Allen's metals is very low, it is impossible to separately as monomer bearing, can only castingin in steel bushing
On wall, dual alloy bearing is made, it is necessary to be improved.
Furthermore the lead in Allen's metal does not dissolve in copper, lead is mutually to be present in independent in Copper substrate, therefore, easily produces area
Domain is segregated, simultaneously because the proportion of lead（11.34）Than the proportion of copper（8.93）It is much larger, so it is inclined to be easy to generation proportion again
Analysis, this carrys out very big difficulty to the casting strip of high-lead bronze, common sand casting is used in prior art, due to cooling velocity
Slowly, setting time is grown so that it is serious to produce the segregation of high-lead bronze copper sheathing.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to drawbacks described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of rational technology, production cost are low, and the copper sheathing of output
Measured a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing of matter and preparation method thereof.
It is for this technical solution adopted by the present invention：The principal component of the present invention includes Pb by weight：18-23%、Sn：
2-6%, surplus Cu；
Also include following auxiliary element：Ni, S, rare earth and phosphor-copper.
By weight, the weight for adding Ni is the 0.8-5% of principal component.
By weight：The parts by weight for adding S are the 1.2-6% of Pb parts by weight.
By weight：The parts by weight for adding rare earth are the 1-3% of principal component.
By weight, the weight for adding phosphor-copper is the 0.07-0.09% of principal component.
A kind of preparation method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing, carried out according to following processing step：
1）Smelting copper alloy：The smelting copper alloy is by copper, lead, tin, weighs to be put into smelting furnace by processing compound and heated,
So that the furnace charge is fused into copper alloy liquid；
2）Deoxidation treatment：The deoxidation treatment is in step 1）Molten copper alloy liquid is added in obtained molten copper alloy liquid
The 0.07-0.09% of gross weight phosphor-copper, and uniform stirring is carried out by injecting nitrogen, implement deoxidation treatment；
3）Mold preheats：The mold preheating is to be preheated casting external mold and metallic core casting internal model, external mold to be cast
After casting internal model preheating, the casting external mold for closing fixation and casting internal model are located to the water cooling for not yet irrigating cooling water after equipped
But the interior intracavitary of device, wherein, the preheating temperature control is in the range of 200-300 DEG C；
4）Casting pouring：In the water-cooling system of a set of big flow of centrifugal casting machine casting mould peripheral hardware, make copper sheathing in centrifuge
Mandatory water circulation condition of fast cooling is formed during cast, makes bearing shell successively consecutive solidification from outside to inside；
5）Casting cools down：The cooling of told casting is to place casting at room temperature after its shaping is fixed, is put into the water of normal temperature fast
Quickly cooling is but；
6）Remove dead head：The removal dead head is to take out its mold from cooling device after casting cooling, opens casting
External mold is made, deviates from casting, and removes the running gate system and feeding head of unnecessary metallic core and casting, that is, it is blue or green to obtain high lead
Copper copper sheathing.
Described 1）In step：S and Pb mixed meltings are first formed into metal, after first Ni meltings being added in Cu, then will
Each component is that rare earth is mixed melting.
Described 4）In step, pouring temperature is controlled at 980-1020 DEG C, and material stirring is uniform before cast.
Described 4）In step, casting machine rotating speed uses the slow-speed of revolution cast that 550r/min is progressively increased to from 450r/min,
10-20s has been poured.
It is an advantage of the invention that：The present invention by improve, show from the machining situation of more than 200 individual blank of two batches, it is this
Centrifugal casting process has basically formed the good successively condition of consecutive solidification from outside to inside, coordinates and adds prevent segregation the
Three elements, and other aggregate measures are used, fundamentally change lead concentration and be segregated in formation ring-type segregation in the middle part of bearing shell
State.The black ribbon segregation substantially concentrated has been can not see on section, and it is unconspicuous as " water wave " to can only see some
Microgroove, its metallographic structure is actually that lead is distributed on Copper substrate with tiny spherical or vermiform, so as to substantially solving
Determine high-lead bronze money segregation problems for occurring in centrifugal casting production.
Embodiment
The principal component of the present invention includes Pb by weight：18-23%、Sn：2-6%, surplus Cu；
Also include following auxiliary element：Ni, S, rare earth and phosphor-copper.
By weight, the weight for adding Ni is the 0.8-5% of principal component.
By weight：The parts by weight for adding S are the 1.2-6% of Pb parts by weight.
By weight：The parts by weight for adding rare earth are the 1-3% of principal component.
By weight, the weight for adding phosphor-copper is the 0.07-0.09% of principal component.
A kind of preparation method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing, carried out according to following processing step：
1）Smelting copper alloy：The smelting copper alloy is by copper, lead, tin, weighs to be put into smelting furnace by processing compound and heated,
So that the furnace charge is fused into copper alloy liquid；
2）Deoxidation treatment：The deoxidation treatment is in step 1）Molten copper alloy liquid is added in obtained molten copper alloy liquid
The 0.07-0.09% of gross weight phosphor-copper, and uniform stirring is carried out by injecting nitrogen, implement deoxidation treatment；
3）Mold preheats：The mold preheating is to be preheated casting external mold and metallic core casting internal model, external mold to be cast
After casting internal model preheating, the casting external mold for closing fixation and casting internal model are located to the water cooling for not yet irrigating cooling water after equipped
But the interior intracavitary of device, wherein, the preheating temperature control is in the range of 200-300 DEG C；
4）Casting pouring：In the water-cooling system of a set of big flow of centrifugal casting machine casting mould peripheral hardware, make copper sheathing in centrifuge
Mandatory water circulation condition of fast cooling is formed during cast, makes bearing shell successively consecutive solidification from outside to inside；
5）Casting cools down：The cooling of told casting is to place casting at room temperature after its shaping is fixed, is put into the water of normal temperature fast
Quickly cooling is but；
6）Remove dead head：The removal dead head is to take out its mold from cooling device after casting cooling, opens casting
External mold is made, deviates from casting, and removes the running gate system and feeding head of unnecessary metallic core and casting, that is, it is blue or green to obtain high lead
Copper copper sheathing.
Described 1）In step：S and Pb mixed meltings are first formed into metal, after first Ni meltings being added in Cu, then will
Each component is that rare earth is mixed melting.
Described 4）In step, pouring temperature is controlled at 980-1020 DEG C, and material stirring is uniform before cast.
Described 4）In step, casting machine rotating speed uses the slow-speed of revolution cast that 550r/min is progressively increased to from 450r/min,
10-20s has been poured.
Above-mentioned each parameter can make corresponding adjustment according to actual conditions in the range of it.
Further explanation is made to the mechanism of the present invention below, to be better understood by the present invention.
1）Adding third element prevents from being segregated:
Because the density of lead is big, it is impossible to added, should be added in the form of intermediate alloy with simple metal, this just needs the centre for configuring lead
Alloy.My company is prepared using S and Pb, and sulphur and lead are placed in same container, is configured to S-Pb intermediate alloys, and S-Pb
The quality of intermediate alloy quality, directly influences the segregation situation of lead, so temperature and content when must control preparation.
After S-Pb alloys add copper liquid, S and Cu mutual phased solns in liquid, Cu2S compounds are formd during solidification, are quickly being cooled down
Under the conditions of, the compound forms some crystallization nucleis when copper alloy solidifies, and is evenly distributed on crystal boundary.Work as crystallization nuclei
When reaching certain amount, crystal boundary is set to link up, and lead is just crystallized around these crystallization nucleis, is formed continuous netted
Dendrite, reach the purpose for preventing that lead is segregated.
Adding Ni is prevented from being segregated, and Ni and Cu is infinitely dissolved under liquid and solid-state, forms continuous solid solution, at high temperature
Form stable and compound.In copper alloy process of setting, the compound turns into crystallization nuclei, prevents the aggregation of lead, is advantageous to
Uniformly organized.Appropriate Ni is added in copper alloy can reduce preceding segregation, but if Ni additions are excessive, then can drop significantly
Low-alloyed impact nonyl degree and wearability.
Rare earth, the mechanical property of copper alloy can be improved by adding appropriate rare earth, reduce crackle, the metallographic group of refining alloy
Knit, smaller to the income tissue effect of copper alloy, the present invention can make lead uniformly with tiny spot distribution on Copper substrate.Dan Jia
Entering can not be excessive, otherwise substantially reduces the mobility of alloy.
Pouring technology：1）Pouring temperature pouring temperature is controlled at 980-1020 DEG C, and must be stirred before pouring into a mould；
2）Centrifugal casting machine transforms the water-cooling system that a set of big flow is reequiped outside centrifugal casting machine casting mould, and to raw water cold seal
Close cover to be transformed, forming one when enabling copper sheathing to pour into a mould in centrifuge has the mandatory water circulation of certain hydraulic pressure and flow fast
Fast cooling condition, make copper sheathing successively consecutive solidification from inside to outside；3）Adjustment casting machine rotating speed uses gradually to be increased from 450r/min
The slow-speed of revolution to 550r/min is poured into a mould, to reduce segregation；Appropriate to reduce poring rate, about 15s has been poured；It is appropriate to reduce cast temperature
Degree, makes pouring temperature be advantageous to consecutive solidification close to eutectic freezing temperature.
Spray size adjusting：Blank wall thickness is suitably adjusted on the premise of quality is ensured, during technological design, to accelerate
The cooling velocity of copper liquid, prevent the segregation of lead.Bearing shell rough casting small head external diameter is changed to 285mm by 290mm.Large head external diameter by
355mm is changed to 350mm, and endoporus is changed to 218mm by 215mm, and length dimension is constant.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing, it is characterised in that its principal component includes Pb by weight：18-23%、Sn：It is 2-6%, remaining
Measure as Cu；
Also include following auxiliary element：Ni, S, rare earth and phosphor-copper.
2. a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight, the weight for adding Ni is
The 0.8-5% of principal component.
3. a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight：Add S parts by weight be
The 1.2-6% of Pb parts by weight.
4. a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight：Add the weight of rare earth
Part is the 1-3% of principal component.
5. a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight, add the weight of phosphor-copper
For the 0.07-0.09% of principal component.
6. a kind of preparation method of high-lead bronze copper sheathing, it is characterised in that carried out according to following processing step：
1）Smelting copper alloy：The smelting copper alloy is by copper, lead, tin, weighs to be put into smelting furnace by processing compound and heated,
So that the furnace charge is fused into copper alloy liquid；
2）Deoxidation treatment：The deoxidation treatment is in step 1）Molten copper alloy liquid is added in obtained molten copper alloy liquid
The 0.07-0.09% of gross weight phosphor-copper, and uniform stirring is carried out by injecting nitrogen, implement deoxidation treatment；
3）Mold preheats：The mold preheating is to be preheated casting external mold and metallic core casting internal model, external mold to be cast
After casting internal model preheating, the casting external mold for closing fixation and casting internal model are located to the water cooling for not yet irrigating cooling water after equipped
But the interior intracavitary of device, wherein, the preheating temperature control is in the range of 200-300 DEG C；
4）Casting pouring：In the water-cooling system of a set of big flow of centrifugal casting machine casting mould peripheral hardware, make copper sheathing in centrifuge
Mandatory water circulation condition of fast cooling is formed during cast, makes bearing shell successively consecutive solidification from outside to inside；
5）Casting cools down：The cooling of told casting is to place casting at room temperature after its shaping is fixed, is put into the water of normal temperature fast
Quickly cooling is but；
6）Remove dead head：The removal dead head is to take out its mold from cooling device after casting cooling, opens casting
External mold is made, deviates from casting, and removes the running gate system and feeding head of unnecessary metallic core and casting, that is, it is blue or green to obtain high lead
Copper copper sheathing.
7. the preparation method of a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described 1）In step：
S and Pb mixed meltings are first formed into metal, after first Ni meltings being added in Cu, it is molten then each component to be that rare earth is mixed
Melt.
8. the preparation method of a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described 4）In step,
Pouring temperature is controlled at 980-1020 DEG C, and material stirring is uniform before cast.
9. the preparation method of a kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described 4）In step,
Casting machine rotating speed uses the slow-speed of revolution cast that 550r/min is progressively increased to from 450r/min, and 10-20s has been poured.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710809875.XA CN107676382A (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | A kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710809875.XA CN107676382A (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | A kind of high-lead bronze copper sheathing and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108679086A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-19 | 新乡市海山机械有限公司 | A kind of high-lead bronze bushing and preparation method thereof |
| CN108715948A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-30 | 新乡市海山机械有限公司 | A kind of Allen's metal bushing and preparation method thereof |
| CN109202044A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | A kind of open casting method for centrifugal of large axle bush babbit |
| CN109207794A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-15 | 扬州丰铜业有限公司 | A kind of high-lead bronze alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023142397A1 (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | 辽宁宝梁重型机械有限公司 | Manufacturing method for copper-steel composite wear-resistant bearing bushing with high-stress self-tightening force |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108679086A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-19 | 新乡市海山机械有限公司 | A kind of high-lead bronze bushing and preparation method thereof |
| CN108715948A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-30 | 新乡市海山机械有限公司 | A kind of Allen's metal bushing and preparation method thereof |
| CN109202044A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | A kind of open casting method for centrifugal of large axle bush babbit |
| CN109202044B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-12-22 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Open type centrifugal casting method for large bearing bush babbit alloy |
| CN109207794A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-15 | 扬州丰铜业有限公司 | A kind of high-lead bronze alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023142397A1 (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | 辽宁宝梁重型机械有限公司 | Manufacturing method for copper-steel composite wear-resistant bearing bushing with high-stress self-tightening force |
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Application publication date: 20180209 |
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