CN103741641A - Device and method used for river and lake relation experimental research and suitable for river and lake intersection water system - Google Patents
Device and method used for river and lake relation experimental research and suitable for river and lake intersection water system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering simulation tests and particularly relates to a device and method used for river and lake relation experimental research and suitable for a river and lake intersection water system. The device used for river and lake relation experimental research and suitable for the river and lake intersection water system comprises a micro-scale river and lake model module, a model adjusting module and a river and lake relation measurement module. The device is specifically composed of a water and sand input port, a river channel micro-scale model, a lake micro-scale model, a lake opening gate, an electromagnetic water and sand separator, a lifting motor, a micro air pump, a roughness factor base pad, a ventilation hole, a spiral stirring pump, a water level gauge, a digital fluxmeter, a digital gauss meter and a surface magnetic distribution measuring instrument. According to the model test device, the invention further provides a method used for river and lake relation experimental research and suitable for the river and lake intersection water system. The method is suitable for an oversized dimension river and lake intersection water system prototype, quantitative physical analog simulation and river and lake relation space and time change measurement under the conditions of micro-scale three-dimensional space conditions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering simulated test field, be specifically related to a kind of water system rivers and lakes that cross, rivers and lakes of measuring and be related to indoor model test device and the method for dynamic change.
Background technology
When rivers and water body in lake cross UNICOM, form the rivers and lakes water system that crosses.In hydraulic engineering and geographical science field, the system structure and function variation that rivers and lakes relation is used for refering in particular to river and is attached thereto material, energy and the information exchange relation between lake and causes.Under propping up in upper river water, lake basins impacts such as flowing into lake current amount, can there is corresponding dynamic change in rivers and lakes relation.The Jiang Yuhu coexistence and co-prosperity crossing, only maintains normal rivers and lakes relation, and river and lake all can be developed by natural health, can avoid occurring the unfavorable situations such as river course acute variation or water body in lake decay.But along with the continuous reinforcement of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering exploitation dynamics,, rivers and lakes relation is also subject to obvious impact in the basin in, rivers and lakes connectedness, water sand exchange capacity, lake, Tongjiang rate of water exchange, Wetland ecological water requirement meet rate etc. and even occur attenuation trend.The rivers and lakes relation protecting the health, needs the real time measure rivers and lakes to be related to dynamic change, for taking manual intervention or earth pressure release measure that firsthand information information is provided.
The rivers and lakes of super large yardstick cross, and often covering scope is very wide for water system, by prototype measurement, not only wastes time and energy, and is also difficult to guarantee reliability and the intensive of data.By indoor physical model experiment means, by prototype is carried out to guide convergent-divergent, in limited space, carry out the simulations such as the flow field, silt, water quality of small scale, be to carry out the reasonable approach that rivers and lakes are related to dynamic change analogue measurement.But, carry out corresponding model test and have two difficult problems: first, the rivers and lakes water system that crosses is very complicated, the long and narrow river of existing one-dimensional river, also have broad flat lake waters, conventional river model test technology is generally only applicable to river hydrodynamic force and Sediment Modeling, for the different guides of river, lake simulation, needs, and the simulation of the convergent-divergent of complicated intersection, depositing the many technological difficulties in modeling; The second, carry out the physical analogys such as conventional indoor river reservoir, exist the contradiction between scale model precision and cost, often in order to meet certain accuracy requirement, be forced to select larger indoor model, not only take a large amount of places, also expended a large amount of manpower and materials.
Minute yardstick model is the relatively large physical test model of a kind of guide, has the advantages such as efficiency is high, easy to operate, cost is lower, is the more potential hydrodynamic force of one, silt, water environment physical Model Study method.But, minute yardstick model method exists the obstacle of accurate measurement when practical application, generally only can be by graph technologies such as photography and vedio recordings, local water body (as straight, bend and the local section of point branch of a river) is carried out to qualitative analog simulation research, be difficult to the cross Complex water body of water system of similar rivers and lakes to carry out omnidistance quantitative assay.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, eliminate limit wall and the boundary layer viscous effect of bottom to current in minute yardstick model, the rivers and lakes that the present invention is directed to super large yardstick water system prototype that crosses, propose a kind of cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to based on minute yardstick model and be related to experimental study device and method, realize the cross rivers and lakes of water system prototype, super large yardstick rivers and lakes are related to the quantitative analog simulation of dynamic change and measurement.
Technical scheme: a kind of cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to are related to experimental study device, comprise that lake, river model module, model adjustment module and rivers and lakes are related to measurement module.
Lake, described river model module comprises the husky input port of water, river course minute yardstick model, lake minute yardstick model, exit of a lake gate and electromagnetism Water-sand separator; River course minute yardstick model and lake minute yardstick model are after dwindling according to large guide according to actual landform data, the three-dimensional river course physical model of minute yardstick that uses composite material to make and the three-dimensional lake of minute yardstick physical model; River course minute yardstick model is for the River physical modeling of watershed, and lake minute yardstick model is used for lake region, lake, the Tongjiang physical modeling being connected with master stream, and Nei You tributary, subflow territory, lake flows into; River course minute yardstick model is connected by the exit of a lake gate of adjustable degree of opening wide with lake minute yardstick model, when exit of a lake gate is opened wide completely, uninterrupted communication between the water system of rivers and lakes can simulate the hydraulic engineering scheduling operating mode between the water system of rivers and lakes when exit of a lake gate regulates difference to open wide height; In the basin of minute yardstick model upstream, river course and lake minute yardstick model, upstream, tributary is all mounted with the husky input port of water of water volume adjustable and quantity of sand and mud size; River course minute yardstick model downstream end is mounted with electromagnetism Water-sand separator, for by the magnetic water body demagnetization flowing out, realizes recycling of clear water and tracer.
Described model adjustment module comprises lifting motor, micro air pump, roughening rate heelpiece, air vent and spiral mixing pump; Lifting motor is connected with river course minute yardstick pattern board, for adjustment model stream gradient, controls regime of river; Roughening rate heelpiece is comprised of plural layers, is uniformly distributed miniature air bag on heelpiece, and inflatable adjustment air bag size and height, reach the object of adjusting bed roughness space, end uneven distribution; On the wall of minute yardstick model limit, river course, densely covered air vent produces bubble bed course near the wall of limit, reduces the boundary layer viscous effect that the excessive convergent-divergent of minute yardstick model causes; Spiral mixing pump is arranged on minute yardstick model upstream, river course near place, the husky input port of water, for strengthening river water turbulent fluctuation, improves water flow sediment transport efficiency; Roughening rate heelpiece is all connected with micro air pump with air vent, by micro air pump, provides inflation power.
Described rivers and lakes are related to that measurement module comprises water-level gauge, digital fluxmeter, digital gaussmeter and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus; Water-level gauge and digital fluxmeter are installed on the each control section in river course minute yardstick model, digital gaussmeter is controlled measuring point by the contactless lake being installed in the minute yardstick model of lake of suspension arrangement, and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus is by the contactless top that is installed on lake and marshland region of suspension arrangement.Water-level gauge is for measuring the water level in each moment, and digital fluxmeter is used for recording each moment magnetic flux, and digital gaussmeter is used for measuring lake region unit volume water body magnetic induction intensity; Table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus is used for recording lake and marshland region water body magnetic induction intensity; Numeral fluxmeter, digital gaussmeter and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus are non-contact measurement, and fluidised form is not exerted an influence.
As preferably, described river course minute yardstick model and lake minute yardstick model are that the large scale rivers and lakes water system prototype three-dimensional dimension that crosses is carried out minute yardstick and dwindled, after dwindling according to large guide according to actual landform data, the three-dimensional river course physical model of minute yardstick that uses composite material to make and the three-dimensional lake of minute yardstick physical model; When actual modeling, horizontal guide scope is 15000～20000, and vertical scale scope is 1000～1500, and variability is 10～20.
As preferably, described electromagnetism Water-sand separator, for the magnetic feature of tracer tool in test, is used hot-wire coil to produce magnetic field, and the trace particle in current is adsorbed with Fen Li, realizes recycling of tracer and clear water.
As preferably, described lifting motor is placed under river course minute yardstick pattern board, the aluminium alloys hollow cylinder body rod of controlling two-stage structure is flexible up and down, the elevation of upstream, implementation model river course changes within the scope of 2cm～12cm, reaches the object of controlling streamflow fluidised form by changing model stream gradient.
As preferably, described roughening rate heelpiece is comprised of plural layers, is uniformly distributed the miniature air bag of quincunx arrangement on roughening rate heelpiece surface, and miniature air bag is latex material, and volume is by throughput control, and the volume of each miniature air bag can be at 0.1cm
3～2.0cm
3in scope, change, at interval of 10cm～15cm, gas valve is set and realizes segmentation ventilation control, by changing the volumetric change of miniature air bag of zones of different, can adjustment model riverbed and lakebed roughness spatial distribution in 0.002～0.02 interval, change, reach an object of adjusting bed roughness space, end uneven distribution, the cross bed end roughness changes in spatial distribution of water system of rivers and lakes is tallied with the actual situation.
As preferably, described air vent and spiral mixing pump are used in conjunction with, be used for strengthening river water turbulent fluctuation, improve water flow sediment transport efficiency, eliminate minute yardstick model method in the boundary layer of undersized rear initiation viscosity effect and water body turbulent fluctuation decline problem, avoid water to flow through the slow obstacle that is difficult to the water-sediment movement of quantitative analog simulation large scale water body; Air vent is that diameter is the unidirectional pore of circle of 1cm, divide three layers of interlaced arrangement at minute yardstick model limit, river course wall, ventilating pipe out reach is respectively 0.5cm, 1cm and 1.5cm from top to bottom, near the wall of limit, produce even bubble bed course, reduce the boundary layer viscosity effect that the excessive convergent-divergent of minute yardstick model causes; The blade length of spiral mixing pump is 1/4 model river width, and rotating speed can regulate in the scope of 60r/mm～240r/min, for strengthening the middle water body turbulent fluctuation in minute yardstick river course.
As preferably, described digital fluxmeter is no less than 5, is arranged in model river course upstream and downstream and lake outlet place, coordinates circular induction coil to use, and coil diameter is 1.5 times of model river widths, for the each moment magnetic flux of surveying record section; Digital gaussmeter probe is no less than 10, is arranged in 20cm place, base plate top, model lake, for the water body of this point of surveying record or the magnetic induction intensity of silt; Table magnetic distribution measuring instrument probe is positioned at 20cm place, top, model lake and marshland region, by the surface induction intensity in this region of surveying record.
Use said apparatus to be applicable to the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes and be related to experimental study method, comprise the steps:
(1) minute yardstick model specification: based on the cross current conditions of the former molded dimension of water system and actual covered court restriction of large scale rivers and lakes, determine the guide of minute yardstick physical model, when actual modeling, horizontal guide scope is 15000～20000, vertical scale is 1000～1500, and variability is 10～20; According to actual landform data, according to guide convergent-divergent, obtain indoor model size, terrain data and roughness spatial distribution data collection, use composite material to make minute yardstick river course minute yardstick model and lake minute yardstick model physical form, model operated by rotary motion is on the platform apart from ground 1.5m eminence; Place the husky input port of water, exit of a lake gate, electromagnetism Water-sand separator, exit of a lake gate initial time is wherein opened wide completely;
(2) model adjustment module is set: at the bottom of river course minute yardstick model and lake minute yardstick model bed, lay roughening rate heelpiece, the tubule of laying in heelpiece is connected with micro air pump; Above-mentioned river course minute yardstick model make time, limit wall layering interlaced arrangement air vent, air vent is connected with micro air pump by built-in tubule; In minute yardstick model upstream, river course, near place, the husky input port of water, a spiral mixing pump is installed;
(3) rivers and lakes are related to measurement module setting: the each control section in river course minute yardstick model places water-level gauge, digital fluxmeter, and place and be no less than 10 digital gaussmeters above the each control measuring point in the minute yardstick model of lake, in the overhung in lake and marshland region, table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus is installed;
(4) model standard state calibration: open the model adjustment module and the rivers and lakes that set in above-mentioned steps and be related to measurement module, according to actual exemplary traffic process, according to the upper river after the conversion of flow guide, come the water yield and lake tributary inflow, in the husky input port of water, send into corresponding water amount, and measure water level at corresponding measuring point, obtain the flow-water level process of model; Simultaneously, constantly by lifting motor adjust that river model ratio falls, spiral mixing pump is adjusted the speed of rotation, air vent is adjusted gas pushing quantity, according to the miniature air bag inflation of roughness spatial distribution data set pair zones of different, make riverbed and lakebed roughness spatial distribution consistent with roughness changes in spatial distribution simultaneously; When model flow-water level process conforms to actual flow-water level process, model state now reaches test requirements document;
(5) the husky magnetization preparation of test water: select magnetic Fe
3o
4particulate is as magnetism tracer; Adopt peptisation to prepare nanoscale water-based magnetic fluid tracer, as adding the standby of magnetic water; Adopt grinding method to prepare micron order Fe
3o
4tracer particle, cementing with organic glass lightweight sand after normal magnetization, as adding the standby of experiment magnetic sand;
(6) rivers and lakes are related to the real time measure: on step (fours') basis, adopt actual flow process, for different target parameter, select to implement different upstreams, the husky working condition of initial magnetic water, realize respectively and be related to that to characterizing rivers and lakes water intensity is changed in the lake of real-time status, Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate, split ratio, point sand than measuring, specifically comprise following three class operating modes:
Operating mode I: the real time measure of rate is changed water intensity and Wetland ecological water requirement and met in lake, lake is changed water intensity and is characterized Tongjiang water body in lake entirety exchange intensity in the work period, Wetland ecological water requirement meets the ecological water yield satisfaction degree of the ecological system of rate sign Lake Water: 1. close exit of a lake gate, water-based magnetic fluid tracer is mixed according to a certain percentage with clear water, inject lake model and reach designated water level, record the initial water yield V in lake
l; From the husky input port of water in minute yardstick model master stream, river course, send into clear water; Regulating gate degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, according to actual flow, from the husky input port of water of River minute yardstick model, send into clear water flow, from the husky input port of water in minute yardstick model tributary, lake, send into Magnetic Tracer water;
3. in the T period, a selected normal volume lake region unit volume water body, measures this period unit volume water body magnetic induction density B of this normal volume lake region with digital gaussmeter
lT, as this period water body in lake magnetic induction intensity reference point; Meanwhile, in the T period, the digital fluxmeter in place, the exit of a lake that crosses in rivers and lakes records out lake water stream magnetic flux phi
lT, with showing magnetic distribution measuring apparatus, record wetland Region water body magnetic induction density B
wT;
4. repeat above-mentioned steps and obtain different period measurement of correlation results, continue a work period, in each period, show that Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate: F=V
wT/ V
min, wherein V
minfor maintaining the required minimum ecological water yield of wetland of beach normal function, by the historical observation data of long sequence, draw; V
wTfor the water yield of T period wetland Region, computational methods are V
wT=B
wT/ B
lT;
5. repeat above-mentioned steps and obtain different period measurement of correlation results, continue a work period, adopt following method to show that overall lake changes water intensity:
wherein V
lrepresent the water yield of lake original state, V
outbe that in the work period, lake goes out lake total Water, computational methods are
lake outflow in T unit interval period wherein
s is fluxmeter area coil, and Δ t is T period duration;
Operating mode II: the real time measure of split ratio index, split ratio is that master stream upland water flows into the flow in lake, Tongjiang and the ratio of master stream upland water total flow during through the exit of a lake, the water currents power of reflection master stream to lake:
1. close exit of a lake gate, clear water is injected to lake model and reach designated water level; Meanwhile, the husky input port of water from minute yardstick model master stream, river course after water-based magnetic fluid tracer is mixed according to a certain percentage with clear water is sent into, and measures a normal volume water body magnetic induction density B with gaussmeter simultaneously
rstandby; Regulating gate degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, from the husky input port of water in minute yardstick model master stream, river course, send into corresponding amount Magnetic Tracer water, this unit interval period River carrys out flow and counts Q
rT, from the husky input port of Zhi Liushui of lake minute yardstick model, send into corresponding amount clear water;
3. in the T period, the digital fluxmeter in place, the exit of a lake that crosses in rivers and lakes is recorded into lake water stream magnetic flux phi
in;
4. in the T period, adopt following method to draw split ratio real-time results: A=Q
in/ Q
rT, in T unit interval period wherein, enter lake current amount and be
Operating mode III: point husky than the real time measure of index, point husky than carry out the husky ratio that flows into the total sediment yield of sand amount and upstream, master stream in lake, Tongjiang during through the exit of a lake for upstream, master stream, reflect that master stream is to lake landform differentiation influence power;
1. close exit of a lake gate, clear water is injected to lake model and reach designated water level; Meanwhile, the husky input port of water from minute yardstick model master stream, river course after clear water is mixed according to a certain percentage with Magnetic Tracer sand is sent into, and measures the husky magnetic induction density B of standard unit's quality magnetic simultaneously
sstandby; Regulating gate degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, by the husky input port of water of River minute yardstick model, send into corresponding amount magnetic sand and clear water; Clear water and non-magnetic organic glass lightweight sand are sent in the husky input port of water in minute yardstick model tributary, lake;
3. in the T period, use digital fluxmeter in the upper river in rivers and lakes intersection, place, the exit of a lake records the magnetic flux phi on section
uT, Φ
lT;
4. in the T period, draw, adopt following method to show that point sand is than real-time results: B=S
in/ S
r, S wherein
rfor T period River upstream sediment yield
s
infor T period River enters the husky amount in lake only
(7) the husky circulation of water: in test, the tracer that streamflow is carried, comprises the micron order Fe that water-based magnetic fluid tracer that magnetic water carries and magnetic sand carry
3o
4tracer, through downstream electromagnetism Water-sand separator, the energising of electromagnet eliminator produces magnetic, and in absorption current, magnetism tracer separates, and after separating, magnetism tracer, through degaussing, is reused respectively after normal magnetization; Current become clear water and recycle after filtering.
As preferably, in described step (five), the preparation process of test water sand is to select magnetic Fe
3o
4particulate, as magnetism tracer, adopts peptisation to prepare nanoscale Fe
3o
4water-based magnetic fluid tracer, adds proper amount of surfactant, makes magnetic particle dispersed, for water movement is carried out to spike; Adopt grinding method to prepare micron order Fe
3o
4tracer particle, the lightweight sand made from organic glass after normal magnetization is cemented to magnetic sand, for sediment movement is carried out to spike.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the invention solves conventional indoor Physical Modeling and be difficult to the cross difficulty of water system water-sediment movement of dynamic analog multi-dimensional complicated rivers and lakes simultaneously, can be under ultra micro yardstick three dimensions condition, accurately simulate the cross Complex Flows, Sediment Transport time space field of complicated water system prototype of super large yardstick rivers and lakes and change;
(2) the present invention has also overcome can not Measurement accuracy rivers and lakes the cross difficulty of water system Complex water body motion of conventional minute yardstick Hydraulic Projects physical model simultaneously, by new technical means, solved change Channel Roughness, eliminated limit wall and the boundary layer viscous obstruction of bottom to current in minute yardstick model, simulation precision is obviously improved; By in conjunction with the husky new technology of measuring of contactless magnetic water, solved the defect of normal image monitoring, realized the cross rivers and lakes of water system prototype, super large yardstick rivers and lakes have been related to the measurement that becomes more meticulous of the quantitative analog simulation of dynamic change and rivers and lakes relation;
(3) the present invention is not only applicable to the cross rivers and lakes relation research of water system of rivers and lakes, also be applicable to the correlation engineering Study on Problems in the large scale waters with obvious surface water feature, on cost, there is clear superiority simultaneously, only take less test site, can realize automatic intelligent monitoring, be equipped with the husky recycling plant of magnetic water simultaneously, saved cost, had broad application prospects wide.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of experimental study method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the physical model schematic diagram that adopts the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the physical model A-A section Plant arrangement figure that adopts the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the roughening rate base mat structure schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is for adopting the every result of the test variation diagram of embodiments of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated; be noted that the following stated is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Adopt minute yardstick physical model to test certain rivers and lakes intersectional region, the horizontal guide of minute yardstick river work physical model is 20000, vertical scale is 1000, floor space is 2.5m × 1.5m, experimental rig comprises that lake, river model module, model adjustment module and rivers and lakes are related to measurement module as shown in Figure 3, and wherein lake, river model module comprises the husky input port 1 of water, river course minute yardstick model 2, lake minute yardstick model 3, exit of a lake gate 4, electromagnetism Water-sand separator 5; Model adjustment module comprises lifting motor 6, micro air pump 7, roughening rate heelpiece 8, air vent 9, spiral mixing pump 10, and rivers and lakes are related to that measurement module comprises water-level gauge 11, digital fluxmeter 12, digital gaussmeter 13 and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus 14.
River course minute yardstick model 2 and lake minute yardstick model 3 are pressed actual landform data convergent-divergent according to how much guides, employing polystyrene is made, and by exit of a lake gate 4, is connected, and the organic glass that exit of a lake gate 4 is 20cm × 10cm is made, adopt vertical lift mode to complete keying, control rivers and lakes and be communicated with;
Lifting motor 6 is connected with river model 2 base plates, and the ratio of controlling master stream, river course physical model falls, and as shown in Figure 4, the aluminium alloys hollow cylinder body rod that lifting motor 6 is controlled two-stage structure stretches up and down, and river mouth, implementation model river course elevation changes within the scope of 2～12cm;
Water-level gauge 11, digital fluxmeter 12 are installed on each measuring point of river course minute yardstick model 2, water-level gauge 11 is for measurement model river water level, 6 coils that numeral fluxmeter 12 fit diameter are 10cm are for measuring each section magnetic flux, measuring point top is controlled in the lake that digital gaussmeter 13 is installed in lake minute yardstick model 3, digital gaussmeter 13 coordinates 15 probes for measuring measuring point magnetic induction intensity, table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus 14 is distributed in top, lake and marshland region, for measuring lake and marshland district water body magnetic induction intensity.
Use said apparatus to carry out rivers and lakes and cross method flow that the rivers and lakes of water system are related to experimental study as shown in Figure 2, specifically comprise the steps:
(1) minute yardstick model specification: according to actual landform data, selected level guide is 20000, vertical scale is 1000, variability is 20, according to actual landform data, according to guide convergent-divergent, obtain moulded dimension, terrain data and roughness spatial distribution data collection, use polystyrene material to make the physics mould shape of river course minute yardstick model 2 and lake minute yardstick model 3, on the platform that river course minute yardstick model 2 and lake minute yardstick model 3 are arranged on apart from ground 1.5m eminence; Place the husky input port 1 of water, exit of a lake gate 4, electromagnetism Water-sand separator 5, exit of a lake gate 4 initial times are wherein opened wide completely;
(2) model adjustment module is set: at the bottom of 3, river course minute yardstick model 2 and lake minute yardstick model, lay roughening rate heelpiece 8, the tubule of roughening rate heelpiece 8 interior layings is connected with micro air pump 7; Above-mentioned river course minute yardstick model 2 make time, limit wall layering interlaced arrangement air vent 9, air vent 9 is connected with micro air pump 7 by built-in tubule; In minute yardstick model 2 upstreams, river course, near 1 place, the husky input port of water, a spiral mixing pump 10 is installed and debugs;
(3) rivers and lakes are related to measurement module setting: the each control section in river course minute yardstick model 2 places water-level gauge 11, digital fluxmeter 12, and place and be no less than 10 digital gaussmeters 13 above the each control measuring point in lake minute yardstick model 3, in the overhung in lake and marshland region, table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus 14 is installed;
(4) model standard state calibration: open the model adjustment module and the rivers and lakes that set in above-mentioned steps and be related to measurement module, according to actual exemplary traffic process, calculating river according to flow guide, to carry out the water yield be 245.81cm
3water yield 48.70cm is carried out in/s and lake
3/ s, sends into corresponding water amount in the husky input port 1 of water, and measures water level at corresponding measuring point, obtains model flow-water level process; Simultaneously, constantly by lifting motor 6 adjustment model stream gradients, spiral mixing pump 10 adjust the speed of rotation, air vent 9 is adjusted gas pushing quantity, according to the miniature air bag inflation of roughness spatial distribution data set pair zones of different, make riverbed and lakebed roughness spatial distribution consistent with roughness changes in spatial distribution simultaneously; When lifting motor 6, adjusting upstream, river course elevation is 8cm, and mixing pump 10 speeds of rotation are 140r/min, and roughness distributes with actual when basically identical, and model flow-water level process conforms to substantially with actual flow-water level process, and model state now reaches test requirements document;
(5) select magnetic Fe
3o
4particulate is as magnetism tracer; Adopt peptisation to prepare nanoscale water-based magnetic fluid tracer, as adding the standby of magnetic water; Adopt grinding method to prepare micron order Fe
3o
4tracer particle, cementing with organic glass lightweight sand after normal magnetization, as adding the standby of experiment magnetic sand;
(6) rivers and lakes are related to the real time measure: on step (fours') basis, adopt actual flow process, for different target parameter, select to implement different upstreams, the husky working condition of initial magnetic water, realize respectively and be related to that to characterizing rivers and lakes water intensity is changed in the lake of real-time status, Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate, split ratio, point sand than measuring, specifically comprise following three class operating modes:
I. water intensity is changed and Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate index the real time measure in lake:
The water intensity of changing in lake refers to the outflow in lake and the ratio of lake volume in one-period, reflection lake and river water yield exchange intensity; Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate and refers to the ratio of lake and marshland actual amount of water and Water Requirement, the satisfaction degree of the reflection Wetland ecological water yield; In test, be difference water body in lake and river water body, model river course flows into clear water, and model water body in lake is used water-based magnetic fluid tracer to carry out mark, outflow and the wetland water yield of monitoring lake current, and step is as follows:
1. close exit of a lake gate 4, water-based magnetic fluid tracer is mixed according to a certain percentage with clear water, inject lake model and reach designated water level, record the initial water yield V in lake
l; Minute yardstick model upstream, river course input clear water; Regulating gate degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, according to actual flow, from the husky input port of water of River minute yardstick model 2, send into clear water flow, from the husky input port of water in minute yardstick model 3 tributaries, lake, send into Magnetic Tracer water;
3. in the T period, a selected normal volume lake region unit volume water body, by digital gaussmeter 13 these period unit volume water body magnetic induction density B of this normal volume lake region of mensuration
lT, as this period water body in lake magnetic induction intensity reference point; Meanwhile, in the T period, the digital fluxmeter 12 in place, the exit of a lake that crosses in rivers and lakes records out lake water stream magnetic flux phi
lT, with showing magnetic distribution measuring apparatus 14, record wetland Region water body magnetic induction density B
wT;
4. repeat above-mentioned steps and obtain different period measurement of correlation results, continue a work period, in each period, show that Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate: F=V
wT/ V
min, wherein V
minfor maintaining the required minimum ecological water yield of wetland of beach normal function, by the historical observation data of long sequence, draw; V
wTfor the water yield of T period wetland Region, computational methods are V
wT=B
wT/ B
lT;
5. repeat above-mentioned steps and obtain different period measurement of correlation results, continue a work period, adopt following method to show that overall lake changes water intensity:
wherein V
lrepresent the water yield of lake original state, V
outbe that in the work period, lake goes out lake total Water, computational methods are
lake outflow in T unit interval period wherein
s is fluxmeter area coil, and Δ t is T period duration;
The Wetland ecological water requirement obtaining within this experiment work cycle meet rate year changing value as shown in Figure 6.
II. split ratio index the real time measure:
Split ratio refers to the flow in inflow lake, river and the ratio of total flow, in test, be difference water body in lake and river water body, model water body in lake is clear water, and model river water body is used water-based magnetic fluid tracer to carry out mark, detect Shui Ru lake, river amount, step is as follows:
1. close exit of a lake gate 4, clear water is injected to lake model and reach designated water level; Meanwhile, water-based magnetic fluid tracer and clear water are mixed to rear input river course minute yardstick model according to a certain percentage, with digital gaussmeter 13, measure a normal volume water body magnetic induction density B simultaneously
rstandby; Regulating exit of a lake gate 4 degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, from the husky input port 1 of water of River minute yardstick model 2, send into corresponding amount Magnetic Tracer water, this unit interval period River carrys out flow and counts Q
rT, from the husky input port 1 of Zhi Liushui of lake minute yardstick model 3, send into corresponding amount clear water;
3. in the T period, the digital fluxmeter 12 in place, the exit of a lake that crosses in rivers and lakes is recorded into lake water stream magnetic flux phi
in;
4. in the T period, adopt following method to draw split ratio real-time results: A=Q
in/ Q
rT, in T unit interval period wherein, enter lake current amount and be
III. divide husky than index the real time measure:
Divide sand than referring to the quantity of sand and mud in inflow lake, river and the ratio of total carrying amount, adopt the husky detection of Magnetic Tracer silt to enter lake and measure in test, reflection master stream develops influence power to lake landform, and step is as follows:
1. close exit of a lake gate 4, clear water is injected to lake model and reach designated water level; Meanwhile, clear water and Magnetic Tracer sand are mixed to rear input river course minute yardstick model 2 according to a certain percentage, measure the husky magnetic induction density B of standard unit's quality magnetic simultaneously
sstandby; Regulating exit of a lake gate 4 degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, corresponding amount magnetic sand and clear water are sent in the husky input port 1 of the water in minute yardstick model 2 master streams, effluent road; Clear water and non-magnetic organic glass lightweight sand are sent in the husky input port 1 of water in minute yardstick model 3 tributaries, lake;
3. in the T period, use digital fluxmeter 12 in the upper river in rivers and lakes intersection, place, the exit of a lake records the magnetic flux phi on section
uT, Φ
lT;
4. in the T period, draw, adopt following method to show that point sand is than real-time results: B=S
in/ S
r, S wherein
rfor T period River upstream sediment yield
s
infor T period River enters the husky amount in lake only
In above-mentioned operating mode, the dynamic changing curve of the split ratio that obtains, point husky ratio records result as shown in Figure 6.
(7) test cycle
In test, tracer is carried in streamflow, comprises the micron order Fe that water-based magnetic fluid tracer that magnetic water carries and magnetic sand carry
3o
4tracer, current are through downstream electromagnetism Water- sand separator 5, and 5 energisings of electromagnetism Water-sand separator produce magnetic, and in absorption current, magnetism tracer separates, and after separating, magnetism tracer, through degaussing, is reused respectively after normal magnetization; Current become clear water and recycle after filtering.
Claims (9)
1. be applicable to the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes and be related to an experimental study device, it is characterized in that: comprise that lake, river model module, model adjustment module and rivers and lakes are related to measurement module;
Lake, described river model module comprises the husky input port of water (1), river course minute yardstick model (2), lake minute yardstick model (3), exit of a lake gate (4) and electromagnetism Water-sand separator (5); River course minute yardstick model (2) is for the River physical modeling of watershed, lake minute yardstick model (3) is for lake region, lake, the Tongjiang physical modeling to being connected with master stream, Nei You tributary, subflow territory, lake flows into, river course minute yardstick model (2) is connected by the exit of a lake gate (4) of adjustable degree of opening wide with lake minute yardstick model (3), when exit of a lake gate (4) is opened wide completely, uninterrupted communication between the water system of rivers and lakes; Minute yardstick model (2) upstream, river course and lake minute yardstick model (3) upstream, tributary are all mounted with the husky input port of water (1) of water volume adjustable and quantity of sand and mud size; River course minute yardstick model (2) downstream end is mounted with electromagnetism Water-sand separator (5), for by the magnetic water body demagnetization flowing out, realizes recycling of clear water and tracer;
Described model adjustment module comprises lifting motor (6), micro air pump (7), roughening rate heelpiece (8), air vent (9) and spiral mixing pump (10); Lifting motor (6) is connected with river course minute yardstick model (2) base plate, for adjustment model stream gradient, controls regime of river; Roughening rate heelpiece (8) is placed on the bed surface of river course minute yardstick model (2) and lake minute yardstick model (3), for adjustment model riverbed and lakebed roughness spatial distribution; Air vent (9) is arranged in river course minute yardstick model (2) limit wall, the boundary layer viscous effect causing for reducing the excessive convergent-divergent of minute yardstick model; Spiral mixing pump (10) is arranged on river course minute yardstick model (2) upstream and locates near the husky input port of water (1), for strengthening river water turbulent fluctuation, improves water flow sediment transport efficiency; Roughening rate heelpiece (8) is all connected with micro air pump (7) with air vent (9);
Described rivers and lakes are related to that measurement module comprises water-level gauge (11), digital fluxmeter (12), digital gaussmeter (13) and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus (14); Water-level gauge (11) and digital fluxmeter (12) are installed on the each control section in river course minute yardstick model (2), digital gaussmeter (13) is controlled measuring point top by the contactless lake being installed in lake minute yardstick model (3) of suspension arrangement, and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus (14) is by the contactless top that is installed on lake and marshland region of suspension arrangement; Water-level gauge (11) is for measuring the water level in each moment, numeral fluxmeter (12) is for recording each moment magnetic flux, digital gaussmeter (13) is for measuring lake region unit volume water body magnetic induction intensity, and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus (14) is for recording wetland Region water body magnetic induction intensity; Numeral fluxmeter (12), digital gaussmeter (13) and table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus (14) are non-contact measurement, and fluidised form is not exerted an influence.
2. the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to according to claim 1 are related to experimental study device, it is characterized in that: described river course minute yardstick model (2) and lake minute yardstick model (3) are that the large scale rivers and lakes water system prototype three-dimensional dimension that crosses is carried out minute yardstick and dwindled, after dwindling according to large guide according to actual landform data, the three-dimensional river course physical model of minute yardstick that uses composite material to make and the three-dimensional lake of minute yardstick physical model; When actual modeling, horizontal guide scope is 15000～20000, and vertical scale scope is 1000～1500, and variability is 10～20.
3. the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to according to claim 1 are related to experimental study device, it is characterized in that: described electromagnetism Water-sand separator (5) is for the magnetic feature of tracer tool in test, use hot-wire coil to produce magnetic field, trace particle in current is adsorbed with Fen Li, realize recycling of tracer and clear water.
4. the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to according to claim 1 are related to experimental study device, it is characterized in that: the aluminium alloys hollow cylinder body rod that described lifting motor (6) is controlled two-stage structure stretches up and down, the elevation of upstream, implementation model river course changes within the scope of 2cm～12cm, by changing model stream gradient, controls streamflow fluidised form.
5. the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to according to claim 1 are related to experimental study device, it is characterized in that: described roughening rate heelpiece (8) is comprised of plural layers, on roughening rate heelpiece (8) surface, be uniformly distributed the miniature air bag of quincunx arrangement; Miniature air bag is latex material, and volume is by throughput control, and the volume of each miniature air bag can be at 0.1cm
3～2.0cm
3change in scope, at interval of 10cm～15cm, gas valve be set and realize segmentation ventilation and control, by changing the volumetric change of miniature air bag of zones of different, can adjustment model riverbed and lakebed roughness spatial distribution in 0.002～0.02 interval, change.
6. the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to according to claim 1 are related to experimental study device, it is characterized in that: described air vent (9) and spiral mixing pump (10) cooperating, be used for strengthening river water turbulent fluctuation, improve water flow sediment transport efficiency; The unidirectional pore of circle that air vent (9) is 1cm for diameter, divide three layers of interlaced arrangement at river course minute yardstick model (2) limit wall, ventilating pipe out reach is respectively 0.5cm, 1cm and 1.5cm from top to bottom, near the wall of limit, produce even bubble bed course, reduce the boundary layer viscosity effect that the excessive convergent-divergent of minute yardstick model causes; The blade length of spiral mixing pump (10) is 1/4 model river width, and rotating speed can regulate in the scope of 60r/min～240r/min, for strengthening the middle water body turbulent fluctuation in minute yardstick river course.
7. the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to according to claim 1 are related to experimental study device, it is characterized in that: described digital fluxmeter (12) is no less than 5, be arranged in model river course upstream and downstream and lake outlet place, coordinate circular induction coil to use, coil diameter is 1.5 times of model river widths, for the each moment magnetic flux of surveying record section; Digital gaussmeter (13) probe is no less than 10, is arranged in 20cm place, base plate top, model lake, for the water body of this point of surveying record or the magnetic induction intensity of silt; Table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus (14) probe is positioned at 20cm place, top, model lake and marshland region, by the surface induction intensity in this region of surveying record.
8. utilize device described in claim 1-7 to be applicable to the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes and be related to experimental study method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) minute yardstick model specification: based on the cross current conditions of the former molded dimension of water system and actual covered court restriction of large scale rivers and lakes, determine the guide of minute yardstick physical model, when actual modeling, horizontal guide scope is 15000～20000, vertical scale is 1000～1500, and variability is 10～20; According to actual landform data, according to guide convergent-divergent, obtain moulded dimension, terrain data and roughness spatial distribution data collection, use composite material to make minute yardstick river course minute yardstick model (2) and lake minute yardstick model (3) physical form, model operated by rotary motion is on the platform apart from ground 1.5m eminence; Place the husky input port of water (1), exit of a lake gate (4), electromagnetism Water-sand separator (5), exit of a lake gate (4) initial time is opened wide completely;
(2) model adjustment module is set: at river course minute yardstick model (2) and lake minute yardstick model (3) the bed end, lay roughening rate heelpiece (8), the tubule of laying in roughening rate heelpiece (8) is connected with micro air pump (7); River course minute yardstick model (2) make time, limit wall layering interlaced arrangement air vent (9), air vent (9) is connected with micro air pump (7) by built-in tubule; In river course minute yardstick model (2) upstream, near the husky input port of water (1), locate to be provided with a spiral mixing pump (10);
(3) rivers and lakes are related to measurement module setting: the each control section in river course minute yardstick model (2) places water-level gauge (11), digital fluxmeter (12), and place and be no less than 10 digital gaussmeters (13) above the each control measuring point in lake minute yardstick model (3), in the overhung in lake and marshland region, table magnetic distribution measuring apparatus (14) is installed;
(4) model standard state calibration: open the model adjustment module and the rivers and lakes that set in above-mentioned steps and be related to measurement module, according to actual exemplary traffic process, according to flow guide, calculate river and carry out the water yield and the water yield is carried out in lake, in the husky input port of water (1), send into corresponding water amount, and measure water level at corresponding measuring point, obtain model flow-water level process; Simultaneously, constantly by lifting motor (6) adjustment model stream gradient, spiral mixing pump (10), adjust the speed of rotation, air vent (9) adjustment gas pushing quantity, according to the miniature air bag inflation of roughness spatial distribution data set pair zones of different, make riverbed and lakebed roughness spatial distribution consistent with roughness changes in spatial distribution simultaneously; When model flow-water level process conforms to actual flow-water level process, model state now reaches test requirements document;
(5) the husky magnetization preparation of test water: select magnetic Fe
3o
4particulate is as magnetism tracer; Adopt peptisation to prepare nanoscale water-based magnetic fluid tracer, as adding the standby of magnetic water; Adopt grinding method to prepare micron order Fe
3o
4tracer particle, cementing with organic glass lightweight sand after normal magnetization, as adding the standby of experiment magnetic sand;
(6) rivers and lakes are related to the real time measure: on step (fours') basis, adopt actual flow process, for different target parameter, select to implement different upstreams, the husky working condition of initial magnetic water, to characterizing rivers and lakes, be related to that water intensity is changed in the lake of real-time status, Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate, split ratio, point sand than measuring respectively, specifically comprise following three class operating modes:
Operating mode I: the real time measure of rate is changed water intensity and Wetland ecological water requirement and met in lake, lake is changed water intensity and is characterized Tongjiang water body in lake entirety exchange intensity in the work period, and Wetland ecological water requirement meets the ecological water yield satisfaction degree of the ecological system of rate sign Lake Water:
1. close exit of a lake gate (4), water-based magnetic fluid tracer is mixed according to a certain percentage with clear water, inject lake model and reach designated water level, record the initial water yield V in lake
l; From the husky input port of water (1) in river course minute yardstick model (2) master stream, send into clear water; Regulating exit of a lake gate (4) degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, according to actual flow, from the husky input port of water (1) in river course minute yardstick model (2) master stream, send into clear water flow, from the husky input port of water (1) in lake minute yardstick model (3) tributary, send into Magnetic Tracer water;
3. in the T period, a selected normal volume lake region unit volume water body, measures this period unit volume water body magnetic induction density B of this normal volume lake region with digital gaussmeter (13)
lT, as this period water body in lake magnetic induction intensity reference point; Meanwhile, in the T period, the digital fluxmeter for place, the exit of a lake (12) that crosses in rivers and lakes records out lake water stream magnetic flux phi
lT, with showing magnetic distribution measuring apparatus (14), record wetland Region water body magnetic induction density B
wT;
4. repeat above-mentioned steps and obtain different period measurement of correlation results, continue a work period, in each period, show that Wetland ecological water requirement meets rate: F=V
wT/ V
min, wherein V
minfor maintaining the required minimum ecological water yield of wetland of beach normal function, by the historical observation data of long sequence, draw; V
wTfor the water yield of T period wetland Region, computational methods are V
wT=B
wT/ B
lT;
5. repeat above-mentioned steps and obtain different period measurement of correlation results, continue a work period, adopt following method to show that overall lake changes water intensity:
wherein V
lrepresent the water yield of lake original state, V
outbe that in the work period, lake goes out lake total Water, computational methods are
lake outflow in T unit interval period wherein
s is fluxmeter area coil, and Δ t is T period duration;
Operating mode II: the real time measure of split ratio index, split ratio is that master stream upland water flows into the flow in lake, Tongjiang and the ratio of master stream upland water total flow during through the exit of a lake, the water currents power of reflection master stream to lake:
1. close exit of a lake gate (4), clear water is injected to lake model and reach designated water level; Simultaneously, the husky input port of water (1) from river course minute yardstick model (2) master stream after water-based magnetic fluid tracer is mixed according to a certain percentage with clear water is sent into, and uses digital gaussmeter (13) to measure a normal volume water body magnetic induction density B simultaneously
rstandby; Regulating exit of a lake gate (4) degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, from the husky input port of water (1) of River minute yardstick model (2), send into corresponding amount Magnetic Tracer water, this unit interval period River carrys out flow and counts Q
rT, from the husky input port of Zhi Liushui (1) of lake minute yardstick model (3), send into corresponding amount clear water;
3. in the T period, the digital fluxmeter for place, the exit of a lake (12) that crosses in rivers and lakes is recorded into lake water stream magnetic flux phi
in;
4. in the T period, adopt following method to draw split ratio real-time results: A=Q
in/ Q
rT, in T unit interval period wherein, enter lake current amount and be
Operating mode III: point husky than the real time measure of index, point husky than carry out the husky ratio that flows into the total sediment yield of sand amount and upstream, master stream in lake, Tongjiang during through the exit of a lake for upstream, master stream, reflect that master stream is to lake landform differentiation influence power;
1. close exit of a lake gate (4), clear water is injected to lake model and reach designated water level; Meanwhile, the husky input port of water (1) from river course minute yardstick model (2) master stream after clear water is mixed according to a certain percentage with Magnetic Tracer sand is sent into, and measures the husky magnetic induction density B of standard unit's quality magnetic simultaneously
sstandby; Regulating exit of a lake gate (4) degree of opening wide is actual conditions, after water body flow is stable, starts formal measurement, continues a work period, is divided into n period, T=1, and 2,3 ..., n;
2. in the T period, corresponding amount magnetic sand and clear water are sent in the husky input port of the water in effluent road minute yardstick model (2) master stream (1); Clear water and non-magnetic organic glass lightweight sand are sent in the husky input port of water (1) in lake minute yardstick model (3) tributary;
3. in the T period, use digital fluxmeter (12) to record the magnetic flux phi on section at upper river, the place, the exit of a lake of rivers and lakes intersection
uT, Φ
lT;
4. in the T period, draw, adopt following method to show that point sand is than real-time results: B=S
in/ S
r, S wherein
rfor T period River upstream sediment yield
s
infor T period River enters the husky amount in lake only
(7) the husky circulation of water: in test, the magnetism tracer that streamflow is carried, comprises the micron order Fe that water-based magnetic fluid tracer that magnetic water carries and magnetic sand carry
3o
4tracer, through downstream electromagnetism Water-sand separator (5), electromagnetism Water-sand separator (5) energising produces magnetic, and in absorption current, magnetism tracer separates, and after separating, magnetism tracer, through degaussing, is reused respectively after normal magnetization; Current become clear water and recycle after filtering.
9. the cross rivers and lakes of water system, rivers and lakes that are applicable to according to claim 8 are related to experimental study method, it is characterized in that: in described step (five), the preparation process of test water sand is to select magnetic Fe
3o
4particulate is as magnetism tracer; Adopt peptisation to prepare nanoscale Fe
3o
4water-based magnetic fluid tracer, adds proper amount of surfactant, makes magnetic particle dispersed, for water movement is carried out to spike; Adopt grinding method to prepare micron order Fe
3o
4tracer particle, the lightweight sand made from organic glass after normal magnetization is cemented to magnetic sand, for sediment movement is carried out to spike.
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