CN103737933B - A kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

A kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103737933B
CN103737933B CN201410017384.8A CN201410017384A CN103737933B CN 103737933 B CN103737933 B CN 103737933B CN 201410017384 A CN201410017384 A CN 201410017384A CN 103737933 B CN103737933 B CN 103737933B
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working chamber
layer
heating
laser
powder
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CN103737933A (en
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王晓斌
陈天培
吕祺盛
吴晓坚
石山
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GUANGZHOU OGGI3D ELECTROMECHANICAL Co Ltd
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GUANGZHOU OGGI3D ELECTROMECHANICAL Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of new laser gain material manufacturing equipment, including frame, working chamber, laser system, atmosphere protection system and pre-heating system.Working chamber is the closed cavity surrounded by insulation sandwich plate;The scanning galvanometer of laser system is installed on the top outside working chamber;Pre-heating system is a kind of solid flexible heating system, with the adjustable plural layer radiant heating layer of interlamellar spacing, the top inside working chamber;The snorkel and muffler of atmosphere protection system are divided into some paths by U-shaped threeway and connected respectively with the both sides of working chamber, realize circulation of the inactive gas in working chamber.The present invention can effectively save space; reduce thermal loss; improve the efficiency of heating surface and reduction energy resource consumption; Temperature Distribution is more uniform in working chamber; protective effect of the internal atmosphere to process is obvious; the material of variety classes (metal, macromolecule etc.) can be molded, machining deformation is reduced, it is ensured that the excellent quality of forming part.

Description

A kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of successively to be melted powder using laser 3D printing technology the invention belongs to material increasing field The increasing material manufacturing equipment of change/thawing shaping.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing is a kind of widely used rapid shaping technique, first designs required zero by CAD 3D modeling software The Computerized three-dimensional physical model of part, then resolves into a series of two-dimensional sections, i.e. handle by it by technological requirement by certain thickness 3 D stereo information originally becomes two dimensional surface information, then successively scans, is successively superimposed, and ultimately forms required original Type or part.
, it is necessary to adopt in powder being melted/being melted using laser scanning the successively increasing material manufacturing pattern of superposition forming part With atmosphere protection and pre-warmed mode, air is kept apart with powder using the inactive gas such as nitrogen or argon gas, and will Powder, which is preheating to, is closer to melting temperature, so that air is avoided for the oxidation of powder, while reducing or eliminating because powder The influence for the thermal stress that excessive temperature differentials is caused before and after processing, it is to avoid part cracks or occurred buckling deformation, so that it is guaranteed that into Type precision.
CN201300207Y discloses " a kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting rapid forming equipment ", and which provided gas Body cleaning system and heating plate, but it is provided with unreasonable part.The air taking port and gas returning port of described gas purge system Positioned at the homonymy of the equipment, gas can not be easy to and powder contact in equipment totality space interior circulation, extraneous air.Separately Outer described heating plate, which is located at, to be fixed on below substrate, and with part, successively superposition is molded on substrate, and heat is difficult to be delivered to Powder to be heated and manufactured workpiece surface, still can produce larger thermograde and table temperature distribution It is uneven, inside parts is produced thermal stress, cause the quality for having had a strong impact on part, pre-heat effect is excessively poor.Particularly with The higher material of fusing point, material difficult forming can not be even molded.
CN101107882 discloses a kind of " pharoid for being used for the heating configuration material in laser sintering device ", The pharoid of 3 types is disclosed, using the such as mode such as resistance heating, infrared heating, heat is by heat transfer to tool Have on the graphite cake radiating element of thermal inertia, then work top is radiated heat into by the radiation of graphite plate face.This heating The heat of mode just arrives work top by transfer twice, and the utilization rate of heat is not high, it is difficult to reach that the preheating of portion of material will Ask.
CN202028769U then discloses " a kind of selective laser sintering Multi-zone heating device ", i.e., draw work top It is divided into multiple regions, one group of quartz heating-pipe and one group of reflector is installed in each region using array combination mode, alleviate work The problem of table top temperature distributing disproportionation is even.The heating element heater irradiation distance of the device is constant, is adjusted by way of dismantling or installing additional The quantity of whole heating element heater is made troubles with realizing expected heating-up temperature to operation.
The content of the invention:
To solve the defect of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of new laser gain material manufacturing equipment, for increasing material system Atmosphere protection, system heating, insulation and temperature during making is uniform.Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment, including frame, working chamber, laser system, atmosphere protection system and pre-heating system, The working chamber is a closed cavity, and its top is provided with laser system installing port, and laser system is arranged on the outside of working chamber; Window mirror of the front of working chamber provided with observation powder compacting, the left and right sides is equipped with atmosphere protection system connecting hole;Work The top of intracavitary is provided with pre-heating system, and bottom is provided with the cylinder body of powder compacting.
The laser system includes lasing light emitter, photoconductive tube, scanning galvanometer and control connecting line, and scanning galvanometer is installed on work The top of the laser system installing port of chamber, lasing light emitter is connected by photoconductive tube with scanning galvanometer, and the laser that lasing light emitter is sent is with one It is incorporated into firing angle to enter in photoconductive tube, scanning galvanometer is entered after photoconductive tube inner total reflection, scanning galvanometer is connect by control connecting line By external signal, processing is scanned according to signal control.
The pre-heating system is a kind of solid flexible heating system, with the adjustable plural layer radiant heating layer of interlamellar spacing, At least include one layer of fixed radiant heating layer and one layer of activity radiation zone of heating, radiant heating layer presses array by radiation heating tube Mode is constituted, wherein fixed radiant heating layer is installed between working chamber inner top, each layer and connected by movable part, in reality In the course of work, the keying of corresponding radiant heating layer, or adjustment activity radiant heating can be controlled according to the species of dusty material Spacing between layer and powder, so that powder reaches predetermined temperature.The radiation heating tube is between quartz ampoule, each layer The movable part of connection is hinge and linkage or gear rack arrangement, cam gear or piston apparatus etc..
The working chamber is the closed cavity surrounded by insulation sandwich plate, and sandwich plate is by thermal insulation layer, heat-insulation layer and face Flaggy is constituted, and can reduce the heat unofficial in working chamber;The powder compacting of working chamber bottom includes powder feeding cylinder, moulding cylinder with cylinder body With Powder Recovery cylinder, cylinder body top is provided with scraper plate, and the powder tiling in powder feeding cylinder is arrived moulding cylinder by scraper plate, and excessive powder is then scraped Enter Powder Recovery cylinder, after powder to be formed is completed in moulding cylinder, part to be processed figure layer signal of the scanning galvanometer according to input Scanning machining, one figure layer distance of moulding cylinder decline afterwards, powder feeding cylinder rises a figure layer distance, and scraper plate is again by the powder of powder feeding cylinder End is covered on the manufactured powder of moulding cylinder, is moved in circles successively, until part is finally molded.
The atmosphere protection system includes gas tank, gas circulator, pneumatic filter, snorkel and muffler, snorkel It is divided into some paths by U-shaped threeway with muffler respectively with the both sides of working chamber to connect, is provided with and awards between snorkel and gas tank The inactive gas of nitrogen or argon gas class in device of air, gas tank enters snorkel by awarding device of air, enters work from side After the inside of chamber, gas circulation pump startup, inactive gas enters gas from opposite side muffler after being purified through pneumatic filter Circulating pump, moves in circles and uses.Because snorkel and muffler have multiple logical by the both sides of U-shaped threeway branch and working chamber Road is connected, can low speed be smoothly filled with and reclaim inactive gas into working chamber, whole system constitutes airflow circulating, in isolation While air, atmosphere flowing is driven, makes working chamber interior temperature distribution uniform.
Compared with traditional increasing material manufacturing equipment and device, using technical scheme, with advantages below:
Equipment uses three-dimensional heating, relative to traditional plane heating, can be effectively saved space, reduces radiant heating The quantity of pipe, improves the efficiency of heating surface and reduction energy resource consumption.Working chamber can be heated to higher temperature by pre-heating system, together When also have concurrently it is heat-insulated with insulation and equalizing temperature function, reduce thermal loss.Equipment is respectively provided with the both sides of working chamber Multiple air taking ports and muffler, the steady insufflation gas of snorkel low speed, the steady gas bleeding of muffler low speed, whole system are constituted Airflow circulating, drives atmosphere flowing, plays the protective effect to process, and make uniformity of temperature profile in working chamber.In advance The flexible heater function of hot systems can make the temperature in working chamber obtain effective adjustment and control, and moulding material is heated equal It is even, and be molded the material of variety classes (metal, macromolecule etc.), it is ensured that the excellent quality of forming part, and can be The complicated part of shape and structure is produced in short period.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the assembling structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is working chamber structure decomposition figure.
Fig. 3 is powder compacting housing structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is partial enlarged drawing at A in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Present disclosure is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1~Fig. 4, laser gain material manufacturing equipment of the invention is protected by frame 1, working chamber 3, laser system 4, atmosphere The module such as protecting system 2 and pre-heating system 5 is constituted, and working chamber 3 is arranged on the top of frame 1;Working chamber 3 is by workbench 36, top The closed cavity that plate 34, foreboard 31, backboard 35 and two blocks of side plates 33 are surrounded, top plate 34, foreboard 31, backboard 35 and side Plate 33 is insulation sandwich plate, is composited by thermal insulation layer 301, heat-insulation layer 302 and panel layer 303, can reduce what is surrounded Thermal loss in closing chamber;It is equipped with the cylinder body 32 of powder compacting, top plate 34 and sets on the workbench 36 of the bottom of working chamber 3 There is laser system installing port 341, the scanning galvanometer 41 of laser system 4 is arranged on the top of top plate 34 by installing port 341, preheating System 5 is then arranged on the lower section of top plate 34;Window mirror 311 is arranged on foreboard 31, for observing powder compacting process and shaping Quality;Side plate 33 is provided with atmosphere protection system connecting hole 331, the U-shaped threeway 27 for installing connection atmosphere protection system 2.
The laser system 4 of the present embodiment is by including lasing light emitter 44, photoconductive tube 43, scanning galvanometer 41 and control connecting line 42, lasing light emitter 44 is connected with scanning galvanometer 41 by photoconductive tube 43, and the laser that lasing light emitter 44 is sent enters light with certain incidence angle In conduit 43, enter after being totally reflected through photoconductive tube 43 in scanning galvanometer 41, scanning galvanometer 41 is also received by control connecting line 42 The manuscript layer signal that outside is sent, while focusing on the laser that photoconductive tube 43 is sent, cylinder body 32 is opposite to according to manuscript layer signal Interior powder to be processed is scanned processing.
Pre-heating system 5 is a kind of solid flexible heating system, with plural layer zone of heating, as shown in figure 4, the present embodiment Pre-heating system 5 has two layers of radiant heating layer, and the heater element of every layer of radiant heating layer presses array way by radiation heating tube 55 Arrangement, radiation heating tube 55 is quartz heating-pipe, and fixed radiant heating layer 51 is arranged on the lower section of top plate 34, activity radiant heating Layer 52 is installed together by connecting rod 53 and hinge 54, and during connecting rod-linkage pair action, movable zone of heating can be transported up and down It is dynamic, the spacing between regulation activity radiation zone of heating 52 and fixed radiant heating layer 51.According to technical scheme disclosed by the invention, It can also be added using the regulation activities such as gear rack arrangement, cam gear or piston apparatus radiation zone of heating 52 and fixed radiation Spacing between thermosphere 51, is all that persons skilled in the art are slapped based on rack-and-pinion, cam pair or piston pair etc. The knowledge held, can simply substitute connecting rod-hinges that the present invention is provided, and all these replacements both fall within the protection model of the present invention Enclose.In molding process, the exposure intensity of the invention by controlling each radiant heating layer, and adjustment activity radiant heating Irradiation distance between layer 52 and powder to be processed, reaches the preheating temperature required by the species of dusty material to be formed, so that The temperature in working chamber 3 is set to meet powder compacting requirement.
The powder compacting of the bottom of working chamber 3 includes powder feeding cylinder 321, moulding cylinder 322 and Powder Recovery cylinder 323 with cylinder body 32, The top of cylinder body 32 is provided with scraper plate 320, and scraper plate 320 is used to tile the powder in powder feeding cylinder 321 to moulding cylinder 322, unnecessary Powder is then scraped into Powder Recovery cylinder 323.After shaping work starts, the bottom surface of powder feeding cylinder 321 rises a figure layer distance, into The bottom surface of type cylinder 322 declines a figure layer distance, and scraper plate 320 moves, powder to be formed is sent out of powder feeding cylinder 321 from left to right Enter moulding cylinder 322, scanning galvanometer 41 is processed according to the part to be processed figure layer signal scanning of input, processed after what a figure layer, Powder feeding cylinder 321, moulding cylinder 322 are moved in circles successively with there is scraper plate 320 to repeat action when shaping work starts, until part Finally it is molded.
The effect one of atmosphere protection system 2 is to avoid being processed powder and air contact oxidation, and two make in working chamber 3 Temperature is more uniform.Gas is constituted by gas circulator 23, pneumatic filter 24, snorkel 22, muffler 25 and working chamber 3 Loop, gas tank 21 is by awarding device of air 26 to loop dispatching nitrogen or the inactive gas of argon gas class, snorkel 22 and return-air Pipe 23 is divided into connecting hole 331 of four paths respectively with the both sides of working chamber 31 by one-level U-shaped threeway 28 and two grades of U-shaped threeways 27 Connect, the inactive gas in gas tank 21 enters snorkel 22 by awarding device of air 26, enters working chamber 3 from left side, gas is followed After ring pump 23 starts, inactive gas returns to gas circulator 23 after being purified from right side muffler 25 through pneumatic filter 24, follows Ring is back and forth used.As preferential, snorkel and muffler use two-stage U-shaped threeway branch, and the path of every grade of branch is than original Path is doubled, both sides structure four path in a row with working chamber 3, can so gas is more uniformly distributed at each In path.Certainly, optionally, the protective atmosphere in working chamber 3 can be also realized using the branch of one-level multi-path, equally Fall into disclosure of the invention and protection domain.According to the volume size of working chamber 3, Multistage U shape threeway can also be used, is branched off into The connection of multiple rows of multi-path, it is low speed, uniform and be smoothly filled with and reclaim inactive gas gas, whole system structure into working chamber Into airflow circulating, while air-isolation, atmosphere flowing is driven, makes working chamber interior temperature distribution uniform.
The laser gain material manufacturing equipment made according to the embodiment of the present invention, has significant than traditional increasing material manufacturing equipment Advantage, is mainly reflected in:
1st, the cylinder body of powder compacting and the different temperatures demand of forming atmosphere be ensure that.
Solid flexible mode of heating can make the atmosphere space of working chamber reach required processing temperature, and multilayer can be adjusted The three-dimensional heating system of section carries out radiant heat transfer for whole atmosphere, and maximum temperature can reach 400 DEG C, and temperature is adjustable Section, to adapt to the forming requirements of unlike material.Such as, atmosphere is when being heated to 100 DEG C, can with increasing material manufacturing polystyrene, Cere;, can be with increasing material manufacturing PP and nylon material when atmosphere is heated to 100 DEG C~200 DEG C;Atmosphere is heated to 200 DEG C~400 DEG C When, can be with materials such as increasing material manufacturing difficult to machine material ceramics, metal, PEK.
2nd, solid flexible heating is realized, the energy is saved.
Different zones of heating can be selected according to part dimension, if part very little, it is only necessary to can using individual layer heating To reach processing effect to, movable zone of heating can also be moved to the position closer to the distance from powder to be processed, it is to avoid meaningless energy Source is consumed.
3rd, the loss of heat is prevented, the energy has been saved, the efficiency of heating surface is improved.
Working chamber is closing space, and the purpose for the insulation that three layer interlayer heat-insulation and heat-preservations can be properly arrived at has reached section The mesh of energy, while shaping intraluminal device can be protected, improves equipment life.
4th, circulating atmosphere protection system ensure that working chamber uniformity of temperature profile.
Snorkel and muffler are connected by multi-path with working chamber, and whole system constitutes airflow circulating, drive working chamber Interior gas flowing, makes uniformity of temperature profile.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment, including frame, working chamber, laser system, atmosphere protection system and pre-heating system,
The working chamber is a closed cavity, and its top is provided with laser system installing port, and laser system is arranged on working chamber It is outside;
Window mirror of the front of working chamber provided with observation powder compacting, the left and right sides is equipped with atmosphere protection system connecting hole;
Top in working chamber is provided with pre-heating system, and bottom is provided with the cylinder body of powder compacting;
Laser system includes lasing light emitter, photoconductive tube, scanning galvanometer and control connecting line, and scanning galvanometer is installed on the laser of working chamber The top of system installing port, lasing light emitter is connected by photoconductive tube with scanning galvanometer;
It is characterized in that the pre-heating system is a kind of solid flexible heating system, add with the adjustable plural layer radiation of interlamellar spacing Thermosphere, at least includes one layer of fixed radiant heating layer and one layer of activity radiation zone of heating, radiant heating layer is by radiation heating tube Constituted by array way, wherein fixed radiant heating layer is installed between working chamber inner top, each layer and connected by movable part.
2. a kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the radiation heating tube is The movable part of connection is hinge and linkage between quartz ampoule, each layer.
3. a kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The working chamber is the closed cavity surrounded by insulation sandwich plate, and sandwich plate is by thermal insulation layer, heat-insulation layer and panel layer Constitute;
The powder compacting of working chamber bottom cylinder body includes powder feeding cylinder, moulding cylinder and Powder Recovery cylinder, and cylinder body top is provided with scraper plate.
4. a kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the atmosphere protection system Including gas tank, gas circulator, pneumatic filter, snorkel and muffler, if snorkel and muffler are divided into by U-shaped threeway Dry path connects with the both sides of working chamber respectively, is provided between snorkel and gas tank and awards device of air.
CN201410017384.8A 2014-01-03 2014-01-03 A kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment Active CN103737933B (en)

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