CN103732216A - 无机基质和有机聚合物组合用于制备稳定的无定形分散体的用途 - Google Patents
无机基质和有机聚合物组合用于制备稳定的无定形分散体的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103732216A CN103732216A CN201280039578.7A CN201280039578A CN103732216A CN 103732216 A CN103732216 A CN 103732216A CN 201280039578 A CN201280039578 A CN 201280039578A CN 103732216 A CN103732216 A CN 103732216A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于在存在无机基质(例如,偏硅酸铝镁)和辅助聚合物的情况下处理具有差的水溶解度的药物活性物质的方法,其作为将晶体API转化为基本上无定形的和稳定的形式(即结晶度小于5%)的手段。与典型的无定形化或文献方法相比,本发明的方法导致更完全的无定形化、增加的溶解度、药物加载和稳定性。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
不适用。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于通过用无机基质(例如,偏硅酸铝镁)和辅助聚合物(secondary polymer)处理制备难溶性活性药物成分(APIs)的高度稳定的无定形分散体的方法,和由此制备的组合物。与用单独的无机基质处理相比,本发明的方法导致更完全的无定形化、增加的溶解度、药物加载和稳定性。
背景技术
差的水溶解度对于实现足够的药物生物利用度而言可能是严重的问题。特别地,差的溶解度经常会限制从胃肠道的口服吸收。具有最佳的溶解度/溶出速率的药物固态形式可以导致从胃肠道的更好的吸收。结果,使用具有最佳溶解度的药物形式也可以实现与使用更大剂量的溶解度更低的形式所能见到的类似的血浆水平。因此,提高难溶性药物的溶出、溶解度和生物利用度在本领域中引起了强烈兴趣。
通常,物质的无定形形式比相同物质的晶体形式展现出更高的溶解度和/或溶出速率。与相关的晶体形式相比,无定形相的更高的溶出速率/溶解度以及潜在获得的过饱和的溶液可以导致更佳的生物利用度。溶解度更高的无定形相对于人固体剂型和用于临床前毒理学研究的制剂(混悬液)(在此情况下通常需要大的暴露安全窗(exposure margins))而言是合乎需要的。
经常地,无定形药物将会转化成更低能量的晶体相,导致溶解度降低。参见Hancock和Zografi,1997,J. Pharm Sci. 86:1-12。公知的是结晶作用可以通过将药物溶解在无定形聚合物中,从而形成稳定的"无定形固体分散体"来抑制。药物-聚合物固体分散体可以经由若干种手段(包括熔融挤出和喷雾干燥)来制备。
已经采取了许多其它途径来实现药物溶解度和溶出速率的期望的水平。这些途径是基于这样的制剂:具有增加的表面积(微粉化的粉末)、分子包合络合物(环糊精类和衍生物)、与水溶性聚合物 (PEG、泊洛沙姆(polozamers)、PVP、HPMC)和非电解质(脲、甘露醇、糖类等)的共沉淀物、在表面活性剂体系中的胶束溶液(CremophorTM、TweenTM、GelluciresTM)和多层囊泡(脂质体和类脂囊泡(niosomes))。分散的胶体囊泡,诸如水包油、油包水和多重(O/W/O或W/O/W)乳剂、微乳和自乳化组合物也被用于改善难溶性分子的生物利用度。减小物质的粒径也可以用于提高活性药物成分(API)的溶出速率(作为与表面积的增加相关的粒径的减小)。特别地,使粒径减小降低至纳米尺寸范围是高度期望的。
已经报道了用于制备无定形固体分散体的另一种方法,其中药物通过与偏硅酸铝镁一起碾磨来加工以生成无定形药物相(参见Gupta,2003,J. Pharm. Sci. 92:536-551)。然而,现在已经发现完全的无定形化并不是总是能够最先地获得,或者在某些情况下,药物在短时间内从基质中结晶。这暗示,体内表现将不会是最佳的。这些观察结果使得该途径不适合用于临床前或临床制剂。可以设法避开这些观察结果的用于生成更稳定的组合物的手段将会具有巨大的效用。
在该部分中或本申请的任何其它部分中对于任何参考文献的引用或验证不应当被视为是指示这样的参考文献可用作本发明的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于经由在存在无机基质(例如,偏硅酸铝镁)和辅助聚合物的情况下的处理来制备具有改善的水溶解度的药物活性物质的稳定的无定形分散体的方法,和由此制备的组合物。与单独使用无机基质的报道的文献方法相比,本发明的关键要素(加入辅助聚合物)导致更完全的无定形化、更佳的物理稳定性和增加的溶解度/溶出。
根据本发明,公开了一种用于生产基本上无定形的稳定的药物产品的方法,包括制备无定形分散体,例如,通过在存在无机基质(例如,偏硅酸铝镁)和辅助聚合物的情况下碾磨活性药物成分(API)。获得了这样的组合物,其中所述药物产品具有至少95%、98%或99%的通过色谱分析测得的纯度(化学纯度),并且所述药物产品基本上不含任何晶体物质,即,含有小于约5%、或2%或1%的晶体物质。本发明的方法适合于用于制备API的无定形分散体的任何方法,包括但不限于,喷雾干燥、挤出或碾磨。
在某些实施方案中,无机基质是硅酸盐、磷酸钙或无机粘土(例如,高岭土)。在一个方面中,无机基质是硅酸铝镁诸如偏硅酸铝镁。在某些实施方案中,辅助聚合物是纤维素、丙烯酸酯、泊洛沙姆,乙烯基均聚物或共聚物、聚乙二醇、氨基糖或聚氧化乙烯。纤维素的实例包括但不限于乙基(羟基乙基)纤维素、羟基丙基甲基纤维素、羟基乙基纤维素。纤维素可以被一个或多个疏水性/亲水性基团(例如,羧酸)或甲基丙烯酸共聚物修饰。丙烯酸酯的实例包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸共聚物。在一个方面中,辅助聚合物是被羧酸官能化的羟基丙基甲基纤维素(例如,羟基丙基甲基纤维素乙酸酯琥珀酸酯或羟基丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯)。
药物产品/API的实例包括但不限于,醋酸甲地孕酮、环丙沙星、伊曲康唑、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑、苯妥英、环丙沙星、环孢霉素A、利托那韦、卡马西平、卡维地洛、克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、依托泊苷、布地奈德、孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、托吡酯、萘普生、氟比洛芬、酮洛芬、地昔帕明、双氯芬酸、伊曲康唑、吡罗昔康、卡马西平、苯妥英、维拉帕米、硫酸茚地那韦、拉米夫定、司他夫定、甲磺酸奈非那韦、拉米夫定和齐多夫定的组合、甲磺酸沙奎那韦、利托那韦、齐多夫定、去羟肌苷、奈韦拉平、更昔洛韦、扎西他滨、盐酸氟西汀、盐酸舍曲林、盐酸帕罗西汀、盐酸丁氨苯丙酮、盐酸奈法唑酮、米氮平、吗氯贝胺(auroix)、盐酸米安舍林、扎那米韦、奥氮平、利培酮、富马酸喹硫平、盐酸丁螺环酮、阿普唑仑、劳拉西泮、leotan、二钾氯氮?、氯氮平、舒必利、氨磺必利、盐酸哌甲酯和匹莫林。在某些方面中,药物产品是醋酸甲地孕酮、环丙沙星、伊曲康唑、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑、苯妥英、环丙沙星、环孢霉素A、利托那韦、卡马西平、卡维地洛、克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、依托泊苷或布地奈德。在其它方面中,药物产品是5"-氯-N-[(5,6-二甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲基]-2,2':5',3"-三联吡啶-3'-甲酰胺、N1-(1-氰基环丙基)-4-氟-N2-{(1S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-[4'-甲基磺酰基]-1,1'-联苯-4-基}乙基}-L-亮氨酰胺或3-氯-5-{[5-氯-1-(1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基甲基)-1H-吲唑-4-基]氧基}苄腈。
本发明还涉及通过本发明的方法生产的无定形药物产品。在某些实施方案中,无定形药物产品基本上不含晶体成分(例如,小于5%、2%或1%)。
本发明还涉及包含 API、无机基质和辅助聚合物的无定形药物产品。API、无机基质和辅助聚合物如上述方法的实施方案中所定义。在某些实施方案中,无定形药物产品基本上不含晶体成分(例如,小于5%、2%或1%)。
本发明还涉及含有无定形药物产品的制剂,其呈液体混悬液或固体剂型的形式。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于处理活性药物成分(API)的方法(例如通过在存在无机基质(例如,偏硅酸铝镁)和辅助聚合物的情况下碾磨),使用本发明的方法获得的最终的无定形药物产品,以及含有无定形药物产品的制剂。与使用文献中报道的合成偏硅酸铝镁(Neusilin?)的其它方法相比,本发明的方法导致更完全的无定形化,提高的溶解度和更大的物理稳定性。如实施例中所述,当分散至模拟肠液中时,在不存在辅助聚合物的情况下制备的无定形吲哚美辛 - Neusilin? 分散体快速地结晶。与经典的无定形化过程诸如喷雾干燥相比,本发明导致高的效率和避免使用溶剂。
根据本发明,基本上无定形的药物产品是通过处理晶体API与无机基质和辅助聚合物,直到混合物基本上不含任何晶体物质来获得的。所得药物产品也是高度纯净的(经由色谱分析)(>95%纯度)。
如本文中所用,术语"无定形的" 表示没有长范围的晶序的固体。可以例如通过 X射线衍射(XRD)、FT-拉曼光谱和差示扫描量热法(DSC)检测和监测这样的晶序的缺乏。
如本文中所用,短语"基本上无定形的形式"表示在无定形固体溶液中含有的形式是无定形态,例如,在无定形固体溶液中的无定形态的活性成分最少有95%,优选98%,更优选99%的活性成分,或甚至100%都为无定形态。短语 "无定形的活性成分" 还意图表示非晶体活性药物成分。
如本文中所用,术语"碾磨"表示在两个表面之间的研磨。碾磨可以采用乳钵和研棒或碾磨方法诸如球磨、滚筒式磨(roller milling)或回转粉磨(gravatory milling)来进行。
如本文中所用,短语"难溶性活性成分"表示活性成分在至少一种液体分散介质中具有小于约30 mg/ml,优选小于约20 mg/ml,优选小于约10 mg/ml,优选小于约1 mg/ml或优选小于约0.1 mg/ml的溶解度。这样的活性成分倾向于在吸收至循环之前从胃肠道中消除。此外,水难溶性的活性成分对于静脉内给药技术而言倾向于不安全,静脉内给药技术主要用于高度水溶性活性成分。
如本文中所用,术语"制备无定形分散体"和"处理" 表示使用适合用于制备无定形药物产品的任何方法,包括但不限于,挤出、喷雾干燥和碾磨。
无机基质
可用于本发明的方法的无机基质通常具有大的表面积并且具有多孔性质并且通常是无定形的(在其中和其本身)。无定形无机基质以与典型的有机聚合物具有吸收活性药物成分的能力类似的方式发挥作用。在某些实施方案中,无机基质是硅酸盐(例如,硅酸钙,硅酸镁、三硅酸镁)、磷酸钙 (例如,磷酸二钙或磷酸三钙)或无机粘土(例如,高岭土)。在一个方面中,无机基质是硅酸铝镁诸如偏硅酸铝镁。
在一个方面中,无机基质是无定形的偏硅酸铝镁。偏硅酸铝镁可以由通式Al2O3·MgO·xSiO2 nH2O来表示,其中x为约1.5至约2,且n 满足关系0≤n≤10。在某些实施方案中,无定形的偏硅酸铝镁是合成的。在一个实施方案中,无定形的偏硅酸铝镁是由Fuji Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. 在商品名Neusilin?下销售的合成的形式。
适合用于本发明的无机基质的其它实例包括但不限于,无水硅酸、碳酸钙、硫酸钙、碳酸镁、氧化镁和共处理的不溶性赋形剂。二氧化硅-胶态的(例如,Syloid? 244,W.R. Grace & Co.,Columbia,MD; Sipernat?,Evonik Degussa Corporation,Parsipanny,NJ)或气相的(fumed)(通过水解silicone alides制备的- Cab-O-Sil M5?,Cabot Corporation,Boston,MA,或Aerosil? 200/300,Evonik Degussa Corporation,Parsipanny,NJ)、沸石、滑块石、膨润土等。
辅助聚合物
加入辅助聚合物以辅助无定形化和增加溶解度。不受任何机理所限制,增加的溶解度可能部分地归因于抑制可导致结晶的种晶形成。可用于本发明的方法的辅助聚合物包括但不限于纤维质聚合物和乙烯基均聚物和共聚物。
在某些实施方案中,辅助聚合物是纤维素、丙烯酸酯、泊洛沙姆、乙烯基均聚物或共聚物、聚乙二醇、氨基糖或聚氧化乙烯。
可以被一个或多个疏水性/亲水性基团(例如,羧酸)或甲基丙烯酸共聚物修饰的纤维素(纤维质聚合物)的实例包括但不限于烷基纤维素,例如,甲基纤维素;羟基烷基纤维素,例如,羟基甲基纤维素、羟基乙基纤维素(NatrosolTM,Ashland,Covington,KY)、羟基丙基纤维素、羟基丁基纤维素和低取代的羟基丙基纤维素;羟基烷基烷基纤维素,例如,乙基(羟基乙基)纤维素、羟基乙基甲基纤维素和羟基丙基甲基纤维素(例如,MethocelTM,A、E、K、F型,Dow Wolff Cellulosics GmbH,Bomlitz,Germany);羧基烷基纤维素,例如,羧基甲基纤维素;羧基烷基纤维素盐,例如,羧基甲基纤维素钠;羧基烷基烷基纤维素,例如,羧基甲基乙基纤维素;纤维素衍生物的酯,例如,羟基丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯,羟基丙基甲基纤维素乙酸酯琥珀酸酯(例如,AQOAT? (Shin-Etsu,Tokyo,Japan)),和纤维素乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯-羟基丙基纤维素(例如,KLUCEL? (Ashland,Covington,KY))。
在一个方面中,辅助聚合物是被羧酸官能化的羟基丙基甲基纤维素(例如,羟基丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯或羟基丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯)。
丙烯酸酯的实例包括聚丙烯酸酯,包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯(Eudragit? L-100-55和Eudragit? E-100,Evonik Degussa Corporation,Parsipanny,NJ)、聚丙烯酸(Carbopol?,The Lubrizol Corporation,Wickliffe,OH)。
乙烯基均聚物和共聚物的实例包括但不限于,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的聚合物,特别是聚维酮、共聚维酮、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(KollidonTM,PVP和PVP-VA,BASF SE,Ludwigshafen,Germany)。
合成聚合物的其它类型的实例包括但不限于,聚氧化乙烯(PolyoxTM,Dow Chemical Company,Midland,MI)、各种分子量的聚乙二醇、聚氧化乙烯-/聚氧化丙烯-/聚氧化乙烯-嵌段共聚物以及天然树胶和多糖-黄原胶(KeltrolTM,CP Kelco,Atlanta,GA)、角叉菜胶、槐豆胶、阿拉伯胶、壳聚糖、海藻酸、透明质酸、果胶等。适合的聚乙二醇尤其是聚乙二醇8000 和聚乙二醇6000。适合的聚氧化乙烯-/聚氧化丙烯-/聚氧化乙烯-嵌段共聚物特别是普朗尼克F68。
无机基质/辅助聚合物的组合
无机基质/辅助聚合物的组合可以是总负载重量的约25%至约99%,更优选约50%至约90%或约60%至约80%。
无机基质与辅助聚合物的比可以是按重量计20:1-1:1、10:1-1:1、5:1-1:1、1:1-1:5、1:1-1:10或1:1-1:20。
药物/API
可用于本发明的方法的活性药物成分包括已知对人或动物具有作用并也具有低的水溶解度(例如,小于50μg/ml)的所有那些化合物。这样的化合物包括基于美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)制定的Biopharmaceutical Classification System(BCS)可以归类为2类的所有那些化合物。
适合用于本发明的方法的API的实例包括但不限于,醋酸甲地孕酮、环丙沙星、伊曲康唑、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑、苯妥英、环丙沙星、环孢霉素A、利托那韦、卡马西平、卡维地洛、克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、依托泊苷、布地奈德、孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、托吡酯、萘普生、氟比洛芬、酮洛芬、地昔帕明、双氯芬酸、伊曲康唑、吡罗昔康、卡马西平、苯妥英、维拉帕米、硫酸茚地那韦、拉米夫定、司他夫定、甲磺酸奈非那韦、拉米夫定和齐多夫定的组合、甲磺酸沙奎那韦、利托那韦、齐多夫定、去羟肌苷、奈韦拉平、更昔洛韦、扎西他滨、盐酸氟西汀、盐酸舍曲林、盐酸帕罗西汀、盐酸丁氨苯丙酮、盐酸奈法唑酮、米氮平、吗氯贝胺、盐酸米安舍林、扎那米韦、奥氮平、利培酮、富马酸喹硫平、盐酸丁螺环酮、阿普唑仑、劳拉西泮、leotan、二钾氯氮?、氯氮平、舒必利、氨磺必利、盐酸哌甲酯和匹莫林。
优选地,API是醋酸甲地孕酮、环丙沙星、伊曲康唑、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑、苯妥英、环丙沙星、环孢霉素A、利托那韦、卡马西平、卡维地洛、克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、依托泊苷、布地奈德、孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、托吡酯、萘普生、氟比洛芬、酮洛芬、地昔帕明、双氯芬酸、伊曲康唑、吡罗昔康、卡马西平、苯妥英和维拉帕米。更优选地,这样的化合物包括醋酸甲地孕酮、环丙沙星、伊曲康唑、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑、苯妥英、环丙沙星、环孢霉素A、利托那韦、卡马西平、卡维地洛、克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、依托泊苷或布地奈德。
在一个方面中,API是吲哚美辛或伊曲康唑。在另一个方面中,API是5"-氯-N-[(5,6-二甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲基]-2,2':5',3"-三联吡啶-3'-甲酰胺(美国专利申请公开号20100035931)
N1-(1-氰基环丙基)-4-氟-N2-{(1S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-[4'-甲基磺酰基]-1,1'-联苯-4-基}乙基}-L-亮氨酰胺(美国专利申请公开号20030232863)
或3-氯-5-{[5-氯-1-(1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基甲基)-1H-吲唑-4-基]氧基}苄腈(美国专利号7,781,454)
。
API以约1%至约75wt%存在,更优选API以约10%至约50wt%或20%至约40wt%存在。
处理
尽管本文所述的组合物可以通过用于无定形化的任何方法(包括喷雾干燥或挤出)来制备,但优选碾磨方法,这是因为采用了无溶剂的方法和低温。
碾磨
碾磨是被设计为将固体物质(即API)破碎成更小的颗粒的制药单元操作。更小的颗粒通常也具有更均匀的尺寸分布。在本发明的方法中,无定形API 可以通过碾磨或微粉化直到晶体API 被转化为无定形物质(可以通过XRD、FT-拉曼光谱或DSC来确定)来制备。任何碾磨方法都可以用于本发明的方法。制药用的碾磨技术描述于Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第20版,A. R. Gennaro编,Mack Publishing Co.,2000中。碾磨方法可以是干碾磨或湿碾磨方法。然而,优选干碾磨。通过使用研棒和乳钵来混配,这样的碾磨已经被传统上地用在了药学实践中。碾磨过程可以通过本领域中已知的碾磨机进行。适合的碾磨机包括各种类型的球磨机(优选的)、滚筒式磨机、低温冷冻磨机,回转粉磨机等。可替换地,碾磨可以使用商购的碾磨机来进行,诸如喷射磨机或转子定子胶体磨机(其将药物研磨成粒径为0.1 μm至25 μm的粉末)。湿介质磨机,诸如描述于美国专利号5,797,550和 4,848,676中的那些,通常用于碾磨或研磨相对大量的物质。
适合用于进行本发明的方法的商购的碾磨机的一个例子是Retsch磨机(Retsch GMBH,Germany),其是一种常见的振动球磨机。该型的磨机提供足够的能量和停留时间,使得典型的晶体API/Neusilin?/辅助聚合物混合物可以在合理的时间范围内转化为纯的无定形相。
使用Retsch磨机进行碾磨的时段将会根据以下因素而变化:磨机的大小、主轴的旋转速度、进料的类型和进料的量。这些变量的作用是本领域公知的,并且本发明可以在大范围的这些变量的情况下进行。通常,碾磨的时段为约15分钟至300分钟或至多10小时。
由此通过根据本发明的方法中的一种获得的固体溶液可以被碾磨从而获得细粉(粒径 < 300 μm)。
喷雾干燥
喷雾干燥和喷雾涂覆广泛地涉及这样的方法:其涉及将液体混合物破碎成小液滴(雾化)并将溶剂从容器诸如喷雾干燥装置或流化床-或锅-涂布器(其中存在用于将溶剂从液滴中蒸发的强的驱动力)中的混合物中快速地除去。在喷雾涂覆的情况下,液滴碰撞到颗粒、珠子、丸、片剂或胶囊上,导致生成包含固体无定形分散体的包衣。喷雾涂覆也可以在金属、玻璃或塑料表面上进行,并且涂层可以随后被除去并碾磨成期望的粒径。在喷雾干燥的情况下,液滴通常在碰撞到表面上之前被干燥,由此形成直径为1-100微米级的固体无定形分散体的颗粒。用于溶剂蒸发的强驱动力通常通过维持溶剂在喷雾干燥装置中的分压远低于溶剂在干燥液滴的温度时的蒸气压来提供。这是通过(1)维持喷雾干燥装置中的压力在部分真空(例如,0.01-0.50 atm);(2) 将液体液滴与温暖的干燥气体混合;或(3) (1)和(2)来实现的。
适合的喷雾干燥技术描述于,例如,K. Masters, “Spray Drying Handbook”,John Wiley & Sons,New York,1984和Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第20版,A. R. Gennaro编,Mack Publishing Co.,2000。通常,在喷雾干燥过程中,来自热气体诸如加热的空气或氮气的热被用于从通过雾化连续的液体进料形成的液滴中蒸发溶剂。其它喷雾干燥技术是本领域技术人员公知的。在一个优选的实施方案中,采用旋转雾化器。适合的使用旋转雾化的喷雾干燥器的一个实例是Niro,Denmark制造的Mobile Minor喷雾干燥器。热气体可以是,例如,空气、氮气或氩气。
通常,选择干燥气体的温度和流速使得聚合物/药物溶液液滴在它们到达装置壁时变得足够干燥(其基本上为固体),由此它们形成细粉并且不粘着于装置壁。实现该水平的干燥所需时间的实际长度取决于液滴的尺寸。液滴尺寸在直径上通常大于约1 μm,其中典型地为5-100 μm。液滴的大表面/体积比和用于蒸发溶剂的大的驱动力导致几秒或更短的实际干燥时间。对于药物/聚合物/溶剂的一些混合物而言,该快速干燥对于形成与形成药物富集和聚合物富集相的不期望的分离相反的相对均匀、均一的组成而言是关键性的。具有均一组成的这样的分散体可以被当作固体溶液并且在药物中可以是过饱和的。
固化时间应当小于100秒,优选小于几秒,更优选小于1秒。通常,为了实现药物/聚合物溶液的这样的快速固化,优选在喷雾干燥过程中形成的液滴的直径小于100 μm,优选小于50 μm,最优选小于25 μm。由于这些液滴的固化而如此形成的固体颗粒通常倾向于为2-40 μm直径。
固化之后,固体粉末通常在喷雾干燥室中保持达5-60秒,以蒸发掉更多的溶剂。固体分散体在其离开干燥器时的最终溶剂含量应当是低的,因为低溶剂含量倾向于降低药物分子在分散体中的移动性,由此改善其稳定性。通常,分散体的残余溶剂含量应当小于10 wt %且优选小于2 wt %。
适合于喷雾干燥的溶剂基本上可以是其中药物和聚合物互相可溶的任何有机化合物或有机化合物和水的混合物。由于本发明使用低水溶解度药物,单独的水通常不是适合的溶剂。然而,水和有机化合物的混合物通常是适合的。优选地,溶剂也是相对挥发性的,具有150℃或更低的沸点。然而,在药物在挥发性溶剂中的溶解度低的那些情况下,包括少量的,比方说2-25 wt %的低挥发性溶剂诸如N-甲基吡咯烷酮 (NMP)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)或二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)以增加药物溶解度可能是合乎需要的。优选的溶剂包括醇类诸如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇和丁醇;酮类诸如丙酮、甲乙酮和甲基异丁基酮;酯类诸如乙酸乙酯和乙酸丙酯;以及各种其它溶剂诸如乙腈、二氯甲烷、甲苯和1,1,1-三氯乙烷。
优选地,本发明的颗粒是通过使用入口温度为约100℃至约400℃且出口温度为约50℃至约130℃的喷雾干燥法获得的。
挤出
挤出是指这样的方法,其中药物产品被迫通过药物挤出机。参见,例如,Repka,Amer. Pharm. Rev.,Sept 2009,18-26。熔融挤出方法包括加热药物和聚合物的混合物直至获得均匀的熔化物,迫使所述熔化物通过一个或多个喷嘴;并冷却所述熔化物直至其固化。
术语"熔融"和"熔化"应当被广义的解释。这些术语不仅表示从固态到液态的变化,还可以表示转化成玻璃态或橡胶样的状态,其中有可能混合物的一种组分或多或少地均匀地包埋进另一种中。在特别的情况下,一种组分将会熔融且其它组分(一种或多种)将会溶解进熔化物中从而形成溶液,其在冷却后可形成具有有利的溶出性质的固体溶液。
熔融挤出的一个最重要的参数是熔融挤出机操作时的温度。操作温度可以是约120℃至约300℃。
吞吐率也是重要的,因为甚至是在相对低的温度下,当水溶性聚合物与加热元件保持接触时间太长时,其也可能开始分解。
应当理解,本领域技术人员将能够在上面给出的范围内优化融融挤出方法的参数。工作温度也将通过挤出机的种类以及所使用的挤出机内配置的种类来确定。在挤出机内熔融、混合和溶解组分所需的大部分能量可以通过加热元件来提供。然而,在挤出机内的物质的摩擦也可以向混合物提供大量的能量并且辅助组分的均匀熔化物的形成。
制剂
无机基质/药物/辅助聚合物分散体可以配制成任何类型的液体或固体或半固体剂型,其用于通过诸如口服和皮下途径给药。适合于口服给药的液体制剂(例如,混悬剂、糖浆剂、酏剂等)可以根据本领域已知的技术制备,并且可以采用通常的介质诸如水、二醇、油、醇类等。例如,分散体可以简单地混悬在水性介质中,采用典型的赋形剂添加剂(例如,0.5% 微晶纤维素)作为助悬剂。也可以加入防止团聚的赋形剂(例如,泊洛沙姆)。该类型的制剂尤其适合于在临床前的物种(例如,大鼠)中口服给药。适合于口服给药的固体制剂(例如,散剂、丸剂、胶囊剂和片剂)可以根据本领域已知的技术制备,并且可以采用这样的固体赋形剂如淀粉、糖、高岭土、稀释剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。适合用于制备本发明的药物组合物的方法的进一步描述和适合用于所述组合物的成分提供于Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第20版,A. R. Gennaro编,Mack Publishing Co.,2000中。
测量
碾磨的粉末的样品中的无定形物质的量可以以多种方式测定。差示扫描量热法(DSC)会展示含有无定形物质的样品中的结晶热。可替换地,暴露于受控温度和湿度的气氛中的样品的重量变化可以给出无定形含量变化的量度。在这两种方法中,装置使用已知晶体含量的样品来校正,且未知样品通过比较未知与已知样品的量度的大小来测量。
表面积可以通过使用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller方法的气体吸收法或通过使用Blaine方法的空气渗透测定法来测量。本文中给出的结果涉及后一种方法,其在l'Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR) no P 15-442 1987年3月的标准方法中描述。
在受控相对湿度下的重量变化使用 DVS 1动态蒸汽吸收装置来测量。将小重量样品放置于微量天秤盘中并保持在25℃的恒温和75%的相对湿度下。重量变化被测量为至少5小时内的时间的函数。重量对时间的作图展示了与存在的无定形物质的比例成比例的峰。采用通过混合完全的晶体和完全的无定形物质产生的已知无定形含量的样品来校正仪器。
DSC测量可以使用Seiko RDC 220系统来进行。在干燥氮气流下(为了除去任何表面水分)将样品称量进测量盘中,保持在低于重结晶温度的温度达30分钟。然后样品以20℃/分钟恒速加热。测量由于重结晶导致的放热峰。如上所述,该方法使用已知无定形含量的样品来校正。
本文中所述的具体实施方案仅以示例性的方式来提供,并且本发明仅由所附权利要求以及这样的权利要求所赋予的等价物的整个范围的内容来限定。事实上,除了本文中所示和描述的那些以外,本发明的各种变化对于本领域技术人员而言将会是从前述描述和附图中所显而易见的。这样的变化意图落入所附权利要求的范围之内。
实施例
实施例1
将吲哚美辛(Sigma-Aldrich,St. Louis,MO)、HPMCAS-LF 聚合物(LF级羟基丙基甲基纤维素乙酸酯琥珀酸酯;Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Tokyo,Japan)和Neusilin?(Fuji Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nakaniikawa-gun,Japan)称量进Retsch磨机(Retsch GmbH,Haan Germany)的锆碾磨单元中。该分散体的比例为1:1:1 吲哚美辛:Neusilin?:辅助聚合物。每个碾磨单元的样品量不应当超过碾磨单元的大于大约20%的体积(这取决于粉末的堆密度)。将锆磨球(10-12 mm球(对于10 mL碾磨单元而言)和20 mm球(对于35 mL单元而言))放置于每个碾磨单元中。将碾磨单元放置于Retsch磨机上并将混合物以25-30 Hz碾磨90分钟(注意:碾磨时间可以为15-120 分钟;然而,大多数药物样品在90分钟内实现无定形化)。90分钟后,从碾磨单元中除去无定形固体。使用铲小心地除去任何残余固体。
使用仪器技术诸如X射线粉末衍射、DSC、显微术等,所得固体被证实是完全无定形的。为了进一步证实无定形相的无定形化、改善的溶解度和物理稳定性,在模拟肠液(禁食状态,pH 6.5)中进行了无定形固体的溶出实验以研究溶解度/溶出在四小时过程内的变化。参见Dressman等人,2000,Eur. J. Pharm Sci. 11:73-80。为了证实FaSSIF中的改善的溶解度,将无定形分散体的溶解度结果与晶体药物的FaSSIF溶解度进行比较(在相同的时间过程内)。在上述仪器技术中也监测了药物重结晶。
表1 (吲哚美辛)
制剂 | 时间(小时) | 溶解度(mg/mL) |
吲哚美辛 : Neusilin? (1:2) | 1 | 2.71 |
2 | 1.05 | |
3 | 0.87 | |
4 | 0.42 | |
吲哚美辛 : Neusilin? : 辅助聚合物 (1:1:1) | 1 | 2.57 |
2 | 2.66 | |
3 | 2.53 | |
4 | 2.73 |
这些实验证实了,与吲哚美辛:Neusilin?制剂(其含有晶种,所述晶种随后导致溶解度降低)相反,向基质中加入辅助聚合物造成了完全的无定形化。在表1中的模拟肠液(禁食状态,pH 6.5)溶解度数据中得到了进一步的确认,所述数据显示了随着所研究的时间过程的推进溶解度保持恒定。
实施例2
根据实施例1中所述的实验过程测试了两种其它化合物(化合物2和化合物3)。化合物3和化合物2 的模拟肠液(禁食状态,pH 6.5)溶解度数据分别展示于表2和3中。
表2 (化合物3)
制剂 | 时间(小时) | 溶解度(mg/mL) |
化合物3 : Neusilin? (1:2) | 1 | 0.045 |
2 | 0.042 | |
3 | 0.038 | |
4 | 0.032 | |
化合物3 : Neusilin? : 辅助聚合物 (1:1:1) | 1 | 0.12 |
2 | 0.22 | |
3 | 0.32 | |
4 | 0.52 |
表3 (化合物2)
制剂 | 时间(小时) | 溶解度(mg/mL) |
化合物2:Neusilin? (1:2) | 1 | 0.025 |
2 | 0.016 | |
3 | 0.019 | |
4 | 0.018 | |
化合物2 : Neusilin? : 辅助聚合物 (1:1:1) | 1 | 0.25 |
2 | 0.25 | |
3 | 0.23 | |
4 | 0.22 |
如表2和3所示,加入辅助聚合物不仅抑制了向晶体API 相的结晶,而且出乎意料地展示了比单独的Neusilin? 体系更佳的初始溶解度。
Claims (20)
1.用于生产基本上无定形的稳定的药物产品的方法,包括在使得最终的药物产品具有小于5%的晶体含量的条件下在存在无机基质和辅助聚合物的情况下制备活性药物成分(API)的无定形分散体。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述制备是通过喷雾干燥、挤出或碾磨。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述制备是通过碾磨。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述无机基质是硅酸盐、磷酸钙或无机粘土。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述硅酸盐是硅酸铝镁。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述硅酸盐是偏硅酸铝镁。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中所述辅助聚合物是纤维素、丙烯酸酯、泊洛沙姆、聚乙烯基吡咯烷、聚乙二醇,氨基糖或聚氧化乙烯。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述纤维素是任选被一个或多个疏水性/亲水性基团或甲基丙烯酸共聚物修饰的乙基(羟基乙基)纤维素、羟基丙基甲基纤维素或羟基乙基纤维素。
9.权利要求7的方法,其中所述辅助聚合物是被羧酸官能化的羟基丙基甲基纤维素。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述辅助聚合物是羟基丙基甲基纤维素乙酸酯琥珀酸酯或羟基丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯。
11.权利要求1-10中任一项的方法,其中所述药物产品具有小于2%的晶体含量。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述药物产品具有小于1%的晶体含量。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项的方法,其中所述药物产品是醋酸甲地孕酮、环丙沙星、伊曲康唑、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑、苯妥英、环丙沙星、环孢霉素A、利托那韦、卡马西平、卡维地洛、克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、依托泊苷、布地奈德、孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、托吡酯、萘普生、氟比洛芬、酮洛芬、地昔帕明、双氯芬酸、伊曲康唑、吡罗昔康、卡马西平、苯妥英、维拉帕米、硫酸茚地那韦、拉米夫定、司他夫定、甲磺酸奈非那韦、拉米夫定和齐多夫定的组合、甲磺酸沙奎那韦、利托那韦、齐多夫定、去羟肌苷、奈韦拉平、更昔洛韦、扎西他滨、盐酸氟西汀、盐酸舍曲林、盐酸帕罗西汀、盐酸丁氨苯丙酮、盐酸奈法唑酮、米氮平、吗氯贝胺、盐酸米安舍林、扎那米韦、奥氮平、利培酮、富马酸喹硫平、盐酸丁螺环酮、阿普唑仑、劳拉西泮、leotan、二钾氯氮?、氯氮平、舒必利、氨磺必利、盐酸哌甲酯或匹莫林。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述药物产品是醋酸甲地孕酮、环丙沙星、伊曲康唑、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑、苯妥英、环丙沙星、环孢霉素A、利托那韦、卡马西平、卡维地洛、克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、依托泊苷或布地奈德。
15.权利要求1-12中任一项的方法,其中所述药物产品是5"-氯-N-[(5,6-二甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲基]-2,2':5',3"-三联吡啶-3'-甲酰胺、N1-(1-氰基环丙基)-4-氟-N2-{(1S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-[4'-甲基磺酰基]-1,1'-联苯-4-基}乙基}-L-亮氨酰胺或3-氯-5-{[5-氯-1-(1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基甲基)-1H-吲唑-4-基]氧基}苄腈。
16.通过权利要求1-15中任一项的方法生产的无定形药物产品。
17.权利要求16的无定形药物产品,其含有小于1%的晶体成分。
18.无定形药物产品,其包含API、无机基质和辅助聚合物。
19.权利要求18的无定形药物产品,其含有小于1%的晶体成分。
20.含有权利要求16或18的无定形药物产品的制剂,其呈液体混悬液或固体剂型的形式。
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- 2012-08-10 CN CN201280039578.7A patent/CN103732216A/zh active Pending
- 2012-08-10 EP EP12823625.4A patent/EP2744481A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-08-10 CA CA2844827A patent/CA2844827A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-10 IN IN827CHN2014 patent/IN2014CN00827A/en unknown
- 2012-08-10 WO PCT/US2012/050221 patent/WO2013025449A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-08-10 AU AU2012295397A patent/AU2012295397A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-10 JP JP2014526085A patent/JP2014521745A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-08-10 US US14/238,874 patent/US20140206717A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN108883190A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-11-23 | 宝丽制药股份有限公司 | 无定形化剂、包含无定形化剂而成的无定形的组合物及其使用 |
CN108883190B (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2022-07-01 | 宝丽制药股份有限公司 | 无定形化剂、包含无定形化剂而成的无定形的组合物及其使用 |
CN109152842A (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-01-04 | 罗赛洛公司 | 用于活性药物成分的基于蛋白质的赋形剂 |
CN109152842B (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2022-10-28 | 罗赛洛公司 | 用于活性药物成分的基于蛋白质的赋形剂 |
CN105943536A (zh) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 杭州容立医药科技有限公司 | 一种固体分散体的制备方法及其应用 |
CN113271978A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2021-08-17 | 创新材料制药公司 | 包括基本上无定形的介孔碳酸镁的新型无定形活性药物成分 |
CN113490492A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-10-08 | 日本烟草产业株式会社 | 吡唑酰胺化合物的非晶质固体分散体 |
CN112023124A (zh) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-04 | 上海微创医疗器械(集团)有限公司 | 结晶型涂层及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112300086A (zh) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-02 | 江苏恩华药业股份有限公司 | 氯氮平与富马酸喹硫平共无定型物及其制备方法 |
CN112300086B (zh) * | 2019-08-02 | 2022-03-15 | 苏州恩华生物医药科技有限公司 | 氯氮平与富马酸喹硫平共无定型物及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2844827A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
EP2744481A4 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
WO2013025449A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
AU2012295397A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
EP2744481A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
IN2014CN00827A (zh) | 2015-04-03 |
US20140206717A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
JP2014521745A (ja) | 2014-08-28 |
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