CN103731099A - Voltage-to-current converter and voltage controlled oscillator - Google Patents
Voltage-to-current converter and voltage controlled oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103731099A CN103731099A CN201310412237.6A CN201310412237A CN103731099A CN 103731099 A CN103731099 A CN 103731099A CN 201310412237 A CN201310412237 A CN 201310412237A CN 103731099 A CN103731099 A CN 103731099A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a voltage-to-current converter and a voltage controlled oscillator. The voltage-to-current converter is used for converting an input voltage to generate an output current, and includes an input terminal, a resistor, a current mirror and a current generating circuit, where the input terminal is used for receiving the input voltage; the resistor is coupled to the input terminal; the current mirror is coupled to the resistor and is used for mirroring a reference current to generate a mirrored current, wherein the reference current is formed according to at least a current flowing through the resistor; and the current generating circuit is coupled to the current mirror and is used for generating the output current according to at least the mirrored current. According to the embodiment of the present invention, a small gain can be realized to avoid noise and power supply promotion problem, and also can cover the required frequency range without using a plurality of frequency bands and the digital control/correction. In addition, according to the embodiment of the present invention, all of or a part of input range can be covered linearly by a simple and low-cost circuit structure.
Description
[technical field] field of the present invention is about a kind of voltage-to-current converter and the voltage controlled oscillator that comprises this voltage-to-current converter, especially about a kind of, realizes little gain to stop noise and power supply to promote problem and to use voltage-to-current converter and the voltage controlled oscillator that can cover whole or most input range once simple circuit structure cheaply.
[background technology]
For extended frequency range and overcome processing procedure, voltage and temperature (PVT) and change, voltage-controlled oscillator needs a larger gain conventionally.But this larger gain may cause more noise and power supply promotion (supply pushing) problem, and this power supply promotes problem for example by the increase of the susceptibility of mains voltage variations is caused.Therefore in order to address this problem, a kind ofly provide one group of sub-band, the method that every sub-frequency bands has the less gain of relative voltage controlled oscillator is proposed, and the method can stop above-mentioned noise problem and power supply to promote the generation of problem.But the shortcoming of the method is, due to this Technology Need digital calibration process, so manufacturing cost can significantly rise.The voltage controlled oscillator that another kind has linear input voltage characteristic also can have above-mentioned little gain characteristics, and without using digital calibration, but the shortcoming of the method is, the range of linearity of such voltage controlled oscillator cannot cover whole input ranges.
[summary of the invention]
In view of this, one of object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of and has linear voltage to the voltage controlled oscillator of current converter, and this voltage controlled oscillator has little gain, without using digital calibration, and can cover the overwhelming majority of whole input ranges, to address the above problem.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of voltage-to-current converter, and for changing input voltage to produce output current, this voltage-to-current converter comprises: input, for receiving this input voltage; Resistance, is coupled to this input; Current mirror, is coupled to this resistance, and for mirror image one reference current, to produce image current, wherein this reference current at least generates according to the electric current of this resistance of flowing through; And current generating circuit, be coupled to this circuit mirror, at least producing this output current according to this image current.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of voltage controlled oscillator, this voltage controlled oscillator comprises above-mentioned voltage-to-current converter and a current control oscillator, this current control oscillator, be coupled to the current generating circuit in this voltage-to-current converter, for this output current producing according to this voltage-to-current converter, produce output frequency signal.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of voltage controlled oscillator again, and this voltage controlled oscillator comprises voltage-to-current converter and current generating circuit.This voltage-to-current converter is used for changing input voltage to produce output current, comprises: input, for receiving this input voltage; Resistance, is coupled to this input; The first current source, for providing the first electric current; The second current source, for providing the second electric current; Current mirror, in one, coupling node is coupled to this resistance and is coupled to this first current source and this second current source, for come mirror image one reference current to produce image current according to equation Ir=(Vtune-VA)/Rin+n*IB, wherein Ir represents this reference current and this image current, Vtune represents this input voltage, VA represents that this couples the voltage of Nodes, and Rin represents the resistance of this resistance, and n*IB represents this first electric current; And current generating circuit, be coupled to this circuit mirror, for producing this output current according to equation Itune=Ir-IB, wherein IB represents this second electric current.This current control oscillator, is coupled to this current generating circuit, for producing output frequency signal according to this output current.
The voltage-to-current converter of the embodiment of the present invention and voltage controlled oscillator, can realize little gain to stop noise and power supply to promote problem, and it is without using the frequency range that a plurality of sub-bands and digital control/calibration also can coverage requirement.In addition, the embodiment of the present invention can cover whole or most input range linearly by using once circuit structure simply and cheaply.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Figure 1 shows that the circuit diagram according to the voltage controlled oscillator of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 A is depicted as according to the schematic diagram that is related between the frequency fvco when the n=1 of the embodiment of the present invention and input voltage Vtune;
Fig. 2 B is depicted as according to the schematic diagram that is related between the frequency fvco when the n>1 of the embodiment of the present invention and input voltage Vtune;
Figure 3 shows that the circuit diagram according to the voltage controlled oscillator of another embodiment of the present invention.
[embodiment]
In the middle of specification and follow-up claim, used some vocabulary to censure specific element.Those skilled in the art should understand, and same element may be called with different nouns by manufacturer.This specification and follow-up claim are not used as distinguishing the mode of element with the difference of title, but the difference in function is used as the criterion of distinguishing with element.In the whole text, in the middle of specification and follow-up claim, be an open term mentioned " comprising ", therefore should be construed to " comprise but be not limited to ".In addition, " coupling " word should be interpreted as in this article comprising directly any and indirectly be electrically connected means.Therefore, if describe first device in literary composition, be coupled to the second device, represent that this first device can directly be electrically connected in this second device, or be indirectly electrically connected to this second device by other devices or connection means.
Refer to Fig. 1, Figure 1 shows that the circuit diagram according to the voltage controlled oscillator 100 of one embodiment of the invention.Wherein, this voltage controlled oscillator 100 is for receiving input voltage Vtune to produce output frequency signal Fout.As shown in Figure 1, this voltage controlled oscillator 100 comprises voltage to electric current (V/I) transducer 110 and current control oscillator (ICO) 120.This voltage-to-current converter 110 comprises input Nin, one resistance R in, the first current source 114, the second current source 116, current mirror 112 and current generating circuit 118, wherein this current mirror 112 comprises four transistor M1-M4, and transistor M1 is that cascade (cascode) is connected with M2, and transistor M3 is also connected for cascade (cascode) with M4.Transistor M2 is connected to the first current source 114, and transistor M4 is connected to the second current source 116, and resistance R in is connected to the drain electrode of source electrode and the transistor M1 of transistor M2.Current generating circuit 118 is achieved by a transistor M5.In addition, this current control oscillator 120 comprises four transistor M6-M9 and a ring oscillator 122, and wherein this ring oscillator 122 comprises three inverter 124_1-124_3.In addition, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned transistor M1-M4, M8 and M9 are N-type metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) (NMOS) transistor, and transistor M5-M7 is PMOS transistor.
This first current source 114 provides the first electric current nIB to transistor M2, and the second current source 116 provides the second electric current I B to transistor M4, wherein the first electric current nIB to be more than or equal to the second electric current I B(be n>=1).
In the operation of voltage controlled oscillator 100, this the first electric current nIB that reference current Ir produces according to electric current and the first current source 114 of the resistance R in that flows through and producing, thereby this reference current Ir=Iin+nIB=(Vtune-VA)/Rin+nIB, wherein VA is that current mirror 112 can be shown in Figure 1 with the connected node A(of resistance R in) voltage located.This reference current of current mirror 112 mirror images Ir is to produce image current, and transistor M3 and M4 flow through.Then, the flow through output current Itune=Ir-IB of transistor M5.Therefore, the output current Itune of this voltage-to-current converter 110 can be determined by following equation:
Itune＝Ir-IB＝(Vtune-VA)/Rin+n*IB-IB （1）
As shown in aforesaid equation (1), the output current Itune of voltage-to-current converter 110 and the relation between input voltage Vtune are linear.Particularly, when n>1 and n are set to be greater than a certain particular value, the range of linearity of voltage-to-current converter 110 can cover whole input ranges, that is to say that, when input voltage Vtune is between 0-VA, the relation between output current Itune and input voltage Vtune is also linear.In addition, when n=1, it is not linear between 0-VA time that pass between output current Itune and input voltage Vtune ties up to input voltage Vtune, but now the range of linearity of this voltage-to-current converter 110 still can cover the overwhelming majority of input range.
The flow through output current Itune of transistor M5 of transistor M6 and M7 mirror image, and ring oscillator 122 produces an output frequency signal Fout according to output current Itune.The frequency f vco of this output frequency signal Fout is as shown in following equation:
fvco＝1/(N*td)＝Itune/(N*C
L*(VDD-VSS)) （2）
Wherein N is the quantity of the inverter that comprises in ring oscillator 122, for example in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, N=3, the retardation that td is each inverter, CL is the capacitance of inverter one end, and VDD and VSS are the supply voltage of ring oscillator 122.
Referring to aforesaid equation (1) and (2), the frequency f vco of the output frequency signal Fout of this voltage controlled oscillator can be expressed as following equation:
Fig. 2 A is depicted as according to the schematic diagram that is related between the frequency fvco when the n=1 of the embodiment of the present invention and input voltage Vtune.Fig. 2 B is depicted as according to the schematic diagram that is related between the frequency fvco when the n>1 of the embodiment of the present invention and input voltage Vtune.As shown in Figure 2 B, to tie up in the whole input range of input voltage Vtune be all linear to the pass between this frequency f vco and input voltage Vtune.
In sum, in the voltage controlled oscillator 100 shown in Fig. 1, this voltage controlled oscillator 100 can be realized a little gain characteristics to stop noise and power supply to promote problem, and the frequency range that this voltage controlled oscillator 100 also can coverage requirement without a plurality of sub-bands of use and digital calibration.In addition, this voltage controlled oscillator 100 can cover whole or most input range linearly by using once circuit structure simply and cheaply.
Therefore, because voltage controlled oscillator 100 has above-mentioned advantage, this voltage controlled oscillator 100 is particularly useful for near-field communication (near field communication, NFC) or radio-frequency discriminating (radio frequency identification, RFID), in equipment, this kind equipment conventionally needs a simple circuit structure but is reluctant to use digital processing program.
It should be noted that the voltage controlled oscillator shown in Fig. 1 is only to have described a kind of illustrative embodiments of the present invention, and be not limitation of the present invention.In other embodiment, the drain electrode of transistor M2 can be not attached to the grid of transistor M1, and the grid of transistor M1 can connect a suitable bias voltage.Resistance R in can or have the resistance of fixed resistance value for variable resistor.The transistor that this current generating circuit 118 can connect by two cascades is achieved.This current control oscillator 120 can be implemented as another circuit structure, and this ring oscillator 122 can replace with the oscillator of other any appropriate.Within all these above-mentioned optional designs all should fall into the category of protecting to the embodiment of the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 3, Figure 3 shows that the circuit diagram according to the voltage controlled oscillator 300 of another embodiment of the present invention, this voltage controlled oscillator 300 is for receiving input voltage Vtune to produce an output frequency signal Fout.As shown in Figure 3, this voltage controlled oscillator 300 comprises voltage to electric current (V/I) transducer 310 and current control oscillator (ICO) 320.This voltage-to-current converter 310 comprises input Nin, resistance R in, the first current source 314, the second current sources 316, current mirror 312 and current generating circuit 318.Wherein this current mirror 312 comprises four transistor M1-M4, transistor M1 is that cascade (cascode) is connected with M2, transistor M3 is that cascade (cascode) is connected with M4, transistor M2 is connected to the first current source 314, transistor M4 is connected to the second current source 316, and resistance R in is connected to the drain electrode of source electrode and the transistor M1 of transistor M2.Current generating circuit 318 is achieved by transistor M5.In addition, this current control oscillator 320 comprises four transistor M6-M9 and ring oscillator 322, and this ring oscillator 322 comprises three inverter 324_1-324_3.In addition, in the present embodiment, transistor M1-M4, M8 and M9 are PMOS transistor, M5-M7 is nmos pass transistor.
This first current source 314 provides the first electric current nIB to transistor M2, and the second current source 316 provides the second electric current I B to transistor M4, wherein the first electric current nIB to be more than or equal to the second electric current I B(be n>=1).
Voltage controlled oscillator 300 shown in Fig. 3 is similar to the voltage controlled oscillator 100 shown in Fig. 1, its difference is, the circuit of realizing by PMOS shown in Fig. 1 is achieved by NMOS in Fig. 3, and by PMOS, be achieved in Fig. 3 at the circuit of realizing by NMOS shown in Fig. 1, and circuit arrangement is separately respectively according to the concrete implementation of NMOS/PMOS.
Due to this similitude, the detailed running of the voltage controlled oscillator 300 shown in relevant Fig. 3 can be understood the description of the voltage controlled oscillator 100 shown in Fig. 1 referring to above-mentioned.Voltage controlled oscillator 300 shown in Fig. 3 can be realized little gain equally to stop noise and power supply to advance problem, and voltage controlled oscillator 300 is equally without using the frequency range that a plurality of sub-bands and digital control/calibration also can coverage requirement.In addition, this voltage controlled oscillator 300 has been realized and can have been covered linearly whole or most input range by using once circuit structure simply and cheaply.
In addition, because voltage controlled oscillator 300 has above-mentioned advantage, this voltage controlled oscillator 300 is particularly useful in NFC or RFID equipment, and this kind equipment conventionally needs a simple circuit structure but is reluctant to use digital processing program.
It should be noted that the voltage controlled oscillator 300 shown in Fig. 3 is only to have described a kind of illustrative embodiments of the present invention, and be not limitation of the present invention.In other embodiment, the drain electrode of transistor M2 can be not attached to the grid of transistor M1, and the grid of transistor M1 can connect a suitable bias voltage.Resistance R in can or have the resistance of fixed resistance value for variable resistor.The transistor that this current generating circuit 318 can connect by two cascades is achieved.This current control oscillator 320 can be implemented as another circuit structure, and this ring oscillator 322 can replace with the oscillator of other any appropriate.Within all these above-mentioned optional designs all should fall into the category of protecting to the embodiment of the present invention.
The voltage controlled oscillator of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a voltage-to-current converter and current control oscillator, wherein this voltage-to-current converter can be converted to output current by input voltage linearly, and current control oscillator is by being used this output current to produce output frequency signal.Than traditional voltage-controlled oscillator circuit, the voltage controlled oscillator of the embodiment of the present invention can be realized a little gain, without using the frequency range that a plurality of sub-bands and digital control/calibration also can coverage requirement, and this voltage controlled oscillator can cover whole or most input range linearly by using once circuit structure simply and cheaply.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; so it is not in order to limit the present invention; any person skilled in the art; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when doing a little change and retouching, so the scope that protection scope of the present invention ought define depending on claims of the present invention is as the criterion.
Claims (10)
1. a voltage-to-current converter, for changing input voltage to produce output current, is characterized in that, this voltage-to-current converter comprises:
Input, for receiving this input voltage;
Resistance, is coupled to this input;
Current mirror, is coupled to this resistance, and for mirror image one reference current, to produce image current, wherein this reference current at least generates according to the electric current of this resistance of flowing through; And
Current generating circuit, is coupled to this current mirror, at least producing this output current according to this image current.
2. voltage-to-current converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this voltage-to-current converter also comprises:
The first current source, for providing the first electric current to this current mirror; And
The second current source, for providing the second electric current to this current mirror;
Wherein this first electric current is more than or equal to this second electric current.
3. voltage-to-current converter as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, this reference current generates according to the electric current of this first electric current and this resistance of flowing through.
4. voltage-to-current converter as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, this current generating circuit is by utilizing this current mirror and this second electric current to produce this output current.
5. voltage-to-current converter as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, this current mirror also comprises:
The first transistor and transistor seconds that cascade connects, wherein each of this first transistor and transistor seconds all comprises first node, Section Point and control node, the first node of this first transistor is connected to the Section Point of this transistor seconds, and the first node of this transistor seconds is connected to this first current source;
The 3rd transistor AND gate the 4th transistor that cascade connects, wherein the 3rd transistor AND gate the 4th transistorized each all comprise first node, Section Point and control node, the 3rd transistorized first node is connected to the 4th transistorized Section Point, the 3rd transistorized control node is connected to the control node of this first transistor, the 4th transistorized control node is connected to the control node of this transistor seconds, and the 4th transistorized first node is connected to this second current source;
Wherein this resistance is connected to the first node of this first transistor.
6. voltage-to-current converter as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, this current generating circuit comprises the 5th transistor, and the 5th transistor is connected to the 4th transistorized first node.
7. voltage-to-current converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this resistance is a variable resistor.
8. a voltage controlled oscillator, is characterized in that, comprises:
Voltage-to-current converter as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-7, for changing input voltage to produce output current; And
Current control oscillator, is coupled to the current generating circuit in this voltage-to-current converter, for this output current producing according to this voltage-to-current converter, produces output frequency signal.
9. voltage controlled oscillator as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, this current control oscillator comprises:
Current mirror, the output current producing for this voltage-to-current converter of mirror image;
Ring oscillator, is coupled to this current mirror, for the output current generating according to this current mirror mirror image, produces this output frequency signal.
10. a voltage controlled oscillator, is characterized in that, comprises:
Voltage-to-current converter, for changing input voltage to produce output current, comprises:
Input, for receiving this input voltage;
Resistance, is coupled to this input;
The first current source, for providing the first electric current;
The second current source, for providing the second electric current;
Current mirror, in one, coupling node is coupled to this resistance and is coupled to this first current source and this second current source, for come mirror image one reference current to produce image current according to equation Ir=(Vtune-VA)/Rin+n*IB, wherein Ir represents this reference current and this image current, Vtune represents this input voltage, VA represents that this couples the voltage of Nodes, and Rin represents the resistance of this resistance, and n*IB represents this first electric current; And
Current generating circuit, is coupled to this current mirror, and for producing this output current according to equation Itune=Ir-IB, wherein IB represents this second electric current;
Current control oscillator, is coupled to this current generating circuit, for producing output frequency signal according to this output current.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US201261712328P | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | |
| US61/712,328 | 2012-10-11 | ||
| US13/798,122 | 2013-03-13 | ||
| US13/798,122 US8988154B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2013-03-13 | Voltage-to-current converter and voltage controlled oscillator having voltage-to-current converter |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN105337591A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-02-17 | 无锡华润矽科微电子有限公司 | Circuit structure and method for realizing clock recovery on the basis of USB device |
| CN105743494A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-07-06 | 苏州翠南电子科技有限公司 | Filtering voltage-controlled oscillator |
| CN106685416A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-17 | 精工半导体有限公司 | Oscillation circuit device |
| CN107979371A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-01 | 上海先基半导体科技有限公司 | A kind of phaselocked loop and its voltage controlled oscillator |
| CN108418557A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-08-17 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of ring oscillator, temperature sensing circuit and electronic equipment |
| CN108832896A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of outer adjustable tension and relaxation type voltage-controlled oscillator circuit |
| CN110601658A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-20 | 美国莱迪思半导体公司 | Automatic compensation of control voltage range of low voltage VCO |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105337591A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2016-02-17 | 无锡华润矽科微电子有限公司 | Circuit structure and method for realizing clock recovery on the basis of USB device |
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| CN105743494A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-07-06 | 苏州翠南电子科技有限公司 | Filtering voltage-controlled oscillator |
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| CN110601658A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-20 | 美国莱迪思半导体公司 | Automatic compensation of control voltage range of low voltage VCO |
| CN110601658B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2021-11-16 | 美国莱迪思半导体公司 | Automatic compensation of control voltage range of low voltage VCO |
| CN108832896A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of outer adjustable tension and relaxation type voltage-controlled oscillator circuit |
| CN108832896B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-04-02 | 电子科技大学 | Off-chip adjustable relaxation type voltage-controlled oscillator circuit |
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