CN1037306C - 多电池充电装置 - Google Patents

多电池充电装置 Download PDF

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CN1037306C
CN1037306C CN93106049A CN93106049A CN1037306C CN 1037306 C CN1037306 C CN 1037306C CN 93106049 A CN93106049 A CN 93106049A CN 93106049 A CN93106049 A CN 93106049A CN 1037306 C CN1037306 C CN 1037306C
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battery
charging
places
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temperature
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CN1079079A (zh
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A·菲比格
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302Overcharge protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

提出了一种充电装置,该装置在充电过程中对诸如电池电压、电池温度这些特定电池参数进行检测。其中有一个参数被赋于一个用来优先监视充电过程的优先权因子。当赋与优选权的参数到达预定限值时,相应的电池舱断开,并转换到对下一个待充电的电池舱或电池。

Description

多电池充电装置
本发明涉及具有多个用来容纳充电式电池的电池舱的充电装置。这种充电装置,也被人们称之为万能充电器,它可以容纳诸如镍镉一类其结构形状和电压容量各异的电池。然而,这种充电装置需用几个小时才能充好电池,而充电过程中在电池充到规定值以前是不能中断的。这种长充电时间是由于相当小的充电电流造成的。但是,为了使充电电池在充电期间不致因过热而损坏,要求以小的充电电流进行充电。
业已知有一种可以在几分钟内将电池充好电的快速充电装置。此时为了防止电池热过载,在充电过程中采用了代价昂贵的控制方法,即通过同时测量充电电压和电池温度来监视充电过程。这种充电过程对一特定的电池类型是最佳的,但对于容量不同的电池型号,其控制过程必须跟着调整才行,因而这种方法不受用户欢迎。
本发明的目的是为了以短的时间充电可再可充电电池。
本发明的另一个目的是为了以同一种充电装置的不同容量来充电不同容量的电池。
本发明的充电装置具有多个电池舱。每个电池舱内装有专门用来敏感电池的电压的传感器,传感器与控制被测参数的控制器相连。控制器以一个优先权因子加权。如果被加权的参数已经达到一个预定值,则控制器会通过通一断开关转到下一个电池舱。
本发明的充电装置有多个用来容纳可充电电池的电池舱和一个用来监视电池充电速率的控制器,其特征在于:待充电电池与至少两个传感器相连,以用来检测有关参数;控制器以一个优先权因子加权传感器的测量值,然后与预定极限值相比较;及当测量值超出或低于一个预定极限值时,控制器中断对该电池的充电过程并进而对另一电池充电。本发明的这种充电装置具有充电快而无须操作者用一特定的充电过程来进行干预的优点,这是因为自动地转换到下一电池是根据到达预定限值实现的。由于以一优先权参数加权测量参数,这一方面使充电过程变得易于控制,另一方面又可防止诸如过热或过充电引起的电池损坏。如果,例如在快速充电过程中,第一个电池的温度测量具有最高优先权,则当达到预定限值时,该充电过程就被中断而不管充电状态如何。当该电池在冷却过程时,就转换到对下一个电池充电。通过对电池轮转地充电,使多个电池在相对短的时间内被充好电。因为总是只有一个电池在以一个限定的充电电池,因而又可将充电装置做得尺寸较小,从而有效地降低了生产成本。
经本发明改进的充电装置还具有如下优点。特别是,当诸电池同时被由充电装置充电时,可对所有的电池快速充电,并一直充到控制器确认已达限值时为止。如果,例如,在该电期间某个电池温度太高时,则它即被临时断开直至其温度下降到限值时它再被接通而一直达到其充电电压。
当电池舱内没有要充电的电池时,随即将电池舱断路是更有利的,这可以缩短整个充电过程。
对电池电压或电池温度的监视是需要的,其理由是如果超过相应的限制值时电池会被损坏。
图为镍镉电池在高温时开始放气,形成的内部压力会使电池爆破。因此在充电过程中,特别是快速充电过程中对电池温度进行监视是有其特殊优越性的。
另一可以想见优点的是,由于充电装置做成紧凑的袋装式装置,因此,该装置可如电池本身一样易于便携。
本发明的另一个有利的改进是给每个电池舱配备了一个显示器。此种显示器可以是采用ICD或LED显示器,只需小的电流便可向用户显示有关充电状况的即时信息及/或电池的参数。
该充电装置特别适用于镍-镉电池,因为这些电池可以以相当高的充电电池时常充电,因而被采用于许多电池设备中。
在说明书中还可以见到其它的一些优点。
在附图中示出了本发明的文例性实施例,下面将要作详细描述。
图1是本发明的多充电装置的组成图;
图2是本发明的电池的充电图;
图3是控制器的组成及其与传感器的连接示意图;及
图4是本发明的充电过程控制流程图。
在图1中,电源部份6经连接端点10和11与一个例如交流电压网这样的电源电压(未示出)相连。电源部分包括诸如人所周知的作为电压变换的变压器,整流器和电压调整器或电流调整器,此电源将在输出端12和13的电池充电电流限制在一个预定值上。多个电池舱1.1,1.2,1.3,1.n通过通一断开关3.1,3.2,3.3,3.n与输出端12和13相连。通一断开关3.1,3.2,3.3,3.n包含诸如簧片触点,继电器或半导体开关,例如晶体管或可控硅这种可控开关。通一断开关3.1,3.2,3.3,3.n通过来自控制器5的引线(未示出)被控制。控制器5经检测器2与各电池舱1.1,1.2,1.3,1.n相连。该检测器2做成为一个温度传感器,它与待充电电池处于热接触。传感器可以通过开关(未示出)被接通或断开,因此,在最简单的情形时,控制器5可将各传感器2,4关断或接通。
本发明的另一改进是进一步提供诸如电流或压力传感器用来测量电池的另一些参数。
根据图3的一个最佳实施例,配有开关(未示出)的传感器2,4与控制器5相组合。此时,传感器2,4的引线与测量阵列21相连,而测量阵列21则与测量处理器22相连。测量阵列21包含开关晶体管,各晶体管与各传感器2,4相连,这样,测量阵列可以检测到传感器2,4的测量信号。例如,传感器2有一个NTC(负温度系数)电阻器作为温度传感器。NTC电阻器的阻值是温度的函数,因而通过测量其阻值或其上的压降便可直接测出电池的温度,因为传感器与充电电池相互是热接触着的。在最简单的情况下,传感器4在充电电池上有一个连接端口,这样,加到电池上的电压通过测量阵列21加到测量处理器22。测量处理器22将测量值与贮存在数据存储器23中限值加以比较。在最简单的情形下,测量处理器22可包含一个或一个以上的比较器,各个参数的对定限值被插入到比较器中。然而,微处理器也用作为控制器,并对存于数据存储器23中的限值和传感器2,4的测量值加以比较。
测量处理器22又连接到开关阵列25,开关阵列的输出端与通一断开关3.1,3.2,3.3,3.n相连。此外,开关阵列25还控制配给各电池舱的诸显示器26,显示器26则可显示诸如电池电压、温度这些测量值。市场可购得的微处理机可用来控制测量处理器22,该微处理机22有用来存储数据的合适的器件、输入端口和输出端口。微处理按图4中示出的流程的程序运行。
下面对照图4讲述本发明的多充电装置的运作方法。在30处,优先权F确定,例如,是否电池的电压或温度是要优先求测的。可用一个简单的开关来预定这种预置,使预置可各次变化。然而也可采用固定预置方式,以保证充电装置具某种特色,例如速充电特色。
在31处,控制器询问给定了优先的权的参数。如果,例如,没有选择优先权,则程序经循环返回30处。但是,如果优先权已给了电压测量,则程序就进到32处,设置优先权因子F=1。在33处温量电池电压,并进到34处,找出待充电电池中具最低电压者的电压。如果找到所述电池,则在35处将此电压值U与优先权因子相乘。判定36处,检验存于数据存诸器23的预定值是否已被达到或超过。如果未被超过,则在37处利用测量阵列21连通下一个传感器,并在31处询问其时可能已变更了的优先权而又开始再一输循环。
另一方面,如果限值已被超过,即已达到电池的预定充电电压值,在38处切断此电池。该电池的充电过程至此告终。在39处,为了监视的目的,对电池电压和/或电池温度进行测定,并在40处显示测量结果。在这之后,在41处程序进到对下一个电池舱,并在31处再开始前述程序。如果在下一个电池舱内无电池,则再选下一个电池舱,如此等等。
然而,如果在30处已指定温度作为优先权参数,则再在31处作判定,并类似于前述步骤,接着在42处设定F1。在43处进行温度测定,并找出具最低温度F1。在43处进行温度测定,并找出具最低温度T的电池并开始此电池的充电过程。在45处,将测量结果与相乘因子相乘,并在46处执行判定以确定预定限值是否已达到或超出。如果尚未达到或超出,则在47处选择下一个传感器,并又在31处开始进行上述步骤。另一方面,如果限值已达到或超出,则在38处断开电池舱。接着如前所述,进行39-41处的步骤。
优先权因子F可以假设为任何所需的数,并选择得当使数据处理能做到尽可能的简捷。
图2示出了一个充电图,可看到周期充电和暂停。纵座标表示各个电池舱的充电函数(电压接通或断开)。例如,在t1时刻,电池舱1.1被充电并一直充电到t2时刻。在t2时刻,例如温度已超过其限值,这样,根据图4(38处)该电池舱被断开。接着在t2时刻,电池舱13被短暂接通,在发现并充电池在该舱内后很快地在t4时又被切断。然后就被转换到下一电池舱1.n并被充电直至又同样地在15时刻被切断。在t6-t10时刻又重复上述过程,因为在t6时刻,舱1.1内的电池已被冷却下来,它又可以再充电了。其它的电池电如此陆续充电。如果每个电池均已达到其要求的电压,则充电过程被完全切断,或转换到充电保持状态。
如果需要的话,任何要求数目的电池可以按此方法充电。然而,在本发明的另一改进装置中,电池也可以并联充电,如果需要的话,还须要提供一个用来调节各个充电电池的充电电流,而且要快速充电时可适当增加充电电流。
本发明的另一改进的装置除了上述电池电压或电池温度以外,再可以提供另一些诸如电池电流消耗、放电电流或类似参数,并且按照预定的次序进行电池充电。

Claims (2)

1.一种充电装置,具有多个用来容纳可再充电电池的电池舱,并通过通断开关(3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4)与电源部分(6)的输出端相连,及具有一个用来监视电池充电状态的控制器,该控制器与放置在电池舱(1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4)内的每个传感器(2,4)相连;
其特征在于:要充电的电池(B)可至少与两个传感器(2,4)相连以检测其参数;控制器(5)用一个优先权因子来加权传感器的测量值,且当该测量值超过或低于预定值时,通过相应的通断开关(3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4)来中断该电池的充电过程。
2.根据权利要求1的充电装置,其特征在于:充电装置可用于充镍镉电池。
CN93106049A 1992-05-15 1993-05-14 多电池充电装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1037306C (zh)

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EP (1) EP0640253B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH08500479A (zh)
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DE (2) DE4216045A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW234788B (zh)
WO (1) WO1993023905A1 (zh)

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EP0640253B1 (de) 1997-03-12
TW234788B (zh) 1994-11-21
DE4216045A1 (de) 1993-11-18
DE59305787D1 (de) 1997-04-17
EP0640253A1 (de) 1995-03-01
WO1993023905A1 (de) 1993-11-25
US5539297A (en) 1996-07-23
CN1079079A (zh) 1993-12-01
JPH08500479A (ja) 1996-01-16

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